UNIVERSITY  ui 
AT 

LOS  ANGELES 
LIBRARY 


Semi -Centennial  History 


OF  THE 


Illinois  State  Normal 
University 


1857-1907 


Prepared  Under  the  Direction  of  a  Committee  of  the  Faculty 

As   an    Expression   of  Their   Appreciation   of   the   Service   the 

Institution   has   Rendered   to  the   Cause   of   Education   in   the 

Past  and  of  Their  Faith  in  its  Future. 

~«  9  O  ''*  Q  O 

*      /      *-<.    .  *     *\.      ^ 


COPYRIGHT 
NINETEEN  HUNDRED  SEVEN 

BY 

DAVID  FELMLEY 


Education 


PREFACE 


THIS  book  has  been  published  because  it  was  felt  that 
the  school  itself  should  undertake  to  give  an  account 
ox  the  first  fifty  years  of  its  existence.     After  discus- 
sion and  a  favorable  vote  of  the  faculty,  President  Felmley 
appointed  a  committee  to  take  charge  of  the  publication  of  a 
history  of  the  school.     This  committee  elected  an  editor  and 
an  assistant  editor,  approved  submitted  plans  for  the  book, 
selected  persons  to  write  the  successive  chapters,  selected  the 
illustrations,   etc.     The  making-  of  plans  and  outlines,  the 
gathering-  together  of  the  materials,  and  the  editing  of  the 
\        book  has  fallen  almost  wholly  to  the  lot  of  the  editor.     The 
^        assistant  editor  has  been  in  charge  of  the  painstaking  work 
involved  in  the  Registers  of  Part  Three.    In  this  work  he  has 
been  ably  assisted  by  Miss  Martha  Hunt  of  the  faculty. 

An  effort  has  been  made  to  provide  adequate  accounts  of 

I        the  various  phases  of  the  growth  of  the  institution.     To  ac- 

«|        complish  this  and  at  the  same  time  avoid  all  repetitions  has 

been  impossible,  for  some  events  have  had  more  than  one 

3       result  connected  with  them. 

j  The  committee  desires  to  thank  Dr.  John  W.  Cook,  who 

owns  the  copyright,  for  the  untrammeled  permission  to  use 

£  articles  from  A  History  of  the  Normal  University,  published 
twenty-five  years  ago. 

The  thanks  of  the  committee  are  also  tendered  all  those 
who  have,  by  writing  chapter  or  reminiscence,  cooperated  to 
make  the  book  what  it  is. 
Committee'. 

O.  L.  MANCHESTER,  Chairman, 

DAVID  FELMLEY,  Ex-OJficio, 

J.  ROSE  COLBY, 

MANFRED  J.  HOLMES, 

JOHN  A.  H.  KEITH,  Editor, 

WILLIAM  T.  BAWDEN,  Assistant  Editor. 


Table  of  Contents 
PART  I 


CHAPTER  I 

THE  FOUNDING  OF  THE  SCHOOL.     By  Henry  McCormick,  Class 

of  1868 5-17 

CHAPTER  II 

THE  SCHOOL  AND  THE  WAR.     By  John  H.  Burnham,  Class  of 

1868  18-31 

CHAPTER  III 

THE  GENERAL  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  SCHOOL.  By  President  David 

Felmley  32-53 

CHAPTER  IV 

THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  COURSE  OF  STUDY.    By  President  David 

Felmley    54-62 

CHAPTER  V 

THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  SCIENCE  DEPARTMENT.    By  Professor 

John  G.  Coulter  63-76 

CHAPTER  VI 

THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  MODEL  SCHOOL.    By  John  A.  H.  Keith,  77- 
Class  of  1894 ^7-86 

CHAPTER  VII 

THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  FACULTY.    By  John  Williston  Cook,  Class 

of  1865  87-120 

CHAPTER  VIII 
THE  SUMMER  SCHOOL.    By  Professor  George  H.  Howe 121-123 

CHAPTER  IX 

RELATIONS  TO  OTHER  NORMAL  SCHOOLS.     By  Professor  Manfred 

J.  Holmes  124-134 

CHAPTER  X 
STUDENT  ORGANIZATIONS.    By  Professor  O.  L.  Manchester 135-164 


CHAPTER  XI 

STUDENT  LIFE  IN  THE  TOWN.     By  Elmer  Warren  Gavins,  Class 

of  1892 165-168 

CHAPTER  XII 

JOURNALISM  AND  THE  ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.    By 

Professor  J.  Rose  Colby 169-176 

CHAPTER  XIII 

THE  CELEBRATIONS  OF  THE  SCHOOL.     By  Professor  Manfred  J. 

Holmes  J??-^1 

CHAPTER  XIV 
PERSONAL  REMINISCENCES.     By  Alumni 192-207 

CHAPTER  XV 

THE  INFLUENCE  OF  THE  SCHOOL  ON  EDUCATION.    By  Charles  De- 

Garmo,  Class  of  1873 208-213 

CHAPTER  XVI 
I.  S.  N.  U.  CLUBS.    By  Morrison  '88,  Heath  '84,  and  Lane  '92 214-218 

PART  II 

THE  HEROIC  IN  STUDENT  LIFE 223-244 

1.  THE  OLD  PLANK  WALK 223-225 

2.  BURIAL  OF  SECTION  A 225-226 

3.  The  Man  in  the  Moon 226-227 

4.  WORKING  THE  ROADS 227-229 

5.  THE  LIBERAL  FIGHT 229-232 

6.  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  EARLY  TIMES 232-236 

7.  THE  ECLIPSE  OF  THE  MOON 236-237 

8.  THE  STOLEN  RECORD 237-239 

9.  THE  SPAULDING  GLUE  INCIDENT 239-243 

10.  Et  Cetera  243-244 

PART  III 

ALUMNI  REGISTER  25 1-344 

BOARD  OF  EDUCATION  REGISTER 345-348 

FACULTY  REGISTER 349-357 

SUMMER  SCHOOL  TEACHERS'  REGISTER 358-360 

INDICES  TO  THE  REGISTERS 361-379 

GENERAL  INDEX   380-384 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 

Main  Building  from  the  Southwest  1907 Frontispiece 

The  Main  Building  in  the  Spring  of  1860 Opp.  p.     17 

Charles  Edward  Hovey Opp.  p.    24 

Jesse  W.  Fell Opp.  p.     36 

Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Education Opp.  p.    58 

Richard   Edwards    Opp.  p.     76 

A  Group  of  Great  Teachers Opp.  p.    86 

Edwin   Crawford  Hewett Opp.  p.     98 

Judge  W.  H.  Green Opp.  p.  104 

A  Group  of  Women  Teachers Opp.  p.  112 

John  Williston  Cook Opp.  p.  120 

The  Building  and  Grounds  in  1876 Opp.  p.  124 

Gymnasium  and  Main  Building  from  the  Southeast,  1907. ..Opp.  p.  142 

Arnold  Tompkins   Opp.  p.  151 

A  Group  of  Women  Teachers Opp.  p.  158 

David  Felmley  Opp.  p.  168 

A  Group  of  Influential  Teachers Opp.  p.  172 

Gymnasium  from  the  Southeast Opp.  p.  188 

Looking  South  from  the  Cupola  of  the  Main  Building,  i894-Opp.  p.  248 

Training  School  from  the  Southwest,  1907 Opp.  p.  238 

Plant  House  from  the  Southeast,  1907 Opp.  p.  212 


PART  ONE 


THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  SCHOOL 


CHAPTER  I 
THE  FOUNDING  OF  THE  SCHOOL 

BY  HENRY  Me  CORMICK,  CLASS  OF  1868 


In  the  fall  of  1853,  without  any  previous  arrangement, 
there  met  at  Bloomington  three  men,  H.  H.  Lee,  of  Chicago, 
J.  A.  Hawley,  of  Dixon,  and  Daniel  Wilkins,  of  Blooming- 
ton.  The  condition  of  the  schools  coming  up  as  a  subject  of 
conversation,  they  decided  to  call  a  convention  of  the  friends 
of  education  for  the  purpose  of  devising  some  plan  by  which 
the  condition  of  popular  education  might  be  improved  thruout 
the  State. 

As  a  result  of  this  conference,  a  call  was  issued  for  a  meet- 
ing of  all  friends  of  free  schools,  to  be  held  at  Bloomington, 
December  26-28.  To  make  the  call  more  impressive  it  was 
headed  by  the  Secretary  of  State,  who  then  had  charge  of  the 
public  schools.  It  was  signed  also  by  the  president  and  fac- 
ulty of  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University,  by  the  president  and 
faculty  of  Shurtleff  College,  by  the  five  ministers  of  Bloom- 
ington, and  by  prominent  friends  of  education  in  other  parts 
of  the  State. 

The  meeting  took  place  at  the  time  advertised,  and  was 
held  in  the  Methodist  church,  at  the  corner  of  East  and  Wash- 
ington streets.  The  meeting  was  organized  by  the  election  of 
the  following  officers :  President,  E.  W.  Brewster,  of  Elgin ; 
vice  presidents,  Professor  W.  Goodfellow,  of  the  Illinois  Wes- 
leyan University,  A.  J.  Sawyer  and  C.  B.  Loop,  of  Joliet; 
secretaries,  W.  H.  Powell  and  H.  L.  Lewis. 

The  meeting  was  a  very  enthusiastic  one,  and  was  largely 
attended,  especially  on  the  second  day.  "A  deep  earnestness 
pervaded  the  convention  and  it  was  plainly  to  be  seen  its  mem- 
bership was  made  up  of  thinkers  of  the  active  sort,  men  who 
were  not  only  deep  thinkers,  but  who  were  ready  to  take  such 
immediate  action  as  in  their  judgment  was  adapted  to  the 


6  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

needs  of  the  times  and  to  the  best  interests  of  the  cause  of 
education  !"* 

Several  resolutions  were  submitted  to  the  convention,  four 
of  which  were  considered  of  great  importance,  and  conse- 
quently were  discussed  freely  and  vigorously. 

The  first  resolution  declared  for  a  State  Teachers'  Insti- 
tute, which  was  organized,  amid  great  enthusiasm,  immedi- 
ately upon  the  adjournment  of  the  convention.  Professor 
Goodfellow  was  elected  president,  and  Daniel  Wilkins,  secre- 
tary. The  first  meeting  of  the  Institute  was  to  be  held  at 
Peoria,  between  Christmas  and  New  Year,  1854. 

The  second  resolution  demanded  the  appointment  of  a 
State  School  Superintendent  who  should  give  his  entire  time 
to  the  public  schools.  This  was  considered  of  vital  importance. 
Heretofore  the  general  management  of  the  schools  was  in  the 
hands  of  the  Secretary  of  State.  It  formed  simply  a  depart- 
ment in  his  office,  and  received  but  little  intelligent  attention. 
So  earnest  was  the  discussion  on  this  point,  that  the  legisla- 
ture, at  a  special  session,  February  9,  1854,  passed  a  law  au- 
thorizing the  governor  to  appoint  a  State  Superintendent  of 
Schools.  He  appointed  Ninian  W.  Edwards,  son  of  the  only 
territorial  governor  of  Illinois. 

The  third  resolution  was  in  favor  of  a  State  Teachers' 
Journal,  to  be  the  especial  organ  of  the  Teachers'  Institute  and 
the  champion  of  educational  progress.  The  paper  was  started 
at  the  Peoria  meeting  of  1854,  and  valiantly  served  the  cause 
for  which  it  was  established.  At  first  it  had  a  precarious  ex- 
istence, but  when  Mr.  Charles  E.  Hovey,  superintendent  of 
the  Peoria  schools,  became  its  editor,  he  infused  life  and  vigor 
into  it,  and  it  lived  a  long  and  useful  life,  worthy  of  its  hon- 
orable title,  "The  Illinois  Teacher." 

The  fourth  resolution  called  forth  a  vigorous  discussion.  It 
asked  the  State  to  establish  and  maintain  a  normal  school  for 
the  preparation  of  teachers  for  the  public  schools.  But  while 
the  need  of  a  better  preparation  for  teachers  was  recog- 
nized by  all,  the  best  way  of  obtaining  it  was  not  so  appar- 
ent. This  was  shown  by  the  discussion  in  the  Bloomington 
convention,  and  still  more  fully  by  the  opinions  expressed  at 
the  Teachers'  Institute,  in  Peoria,  in  1854. 

Some  of  the  friends  of  education  wanted  a  normal  school 
whose  entire  end  and  aim  should  be  the  preparation  of  teach- 
ers for  the  public  schools.  Others,  led  by  Jonathan  B.  Turner, 
of  Jacksonville,  wanted  a  normal  school  with  an  agricultural 

*Bnrnham 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  7 

department  attached,  or  else  an  Industrial  University  in  which 
a  normal  department  should  be  established.  While  a  third 
party  claimed  that  the  wisest  course  was  to  establish  normal 
departments  in  the  denominational  colleges  already  in  opera- 
tion, as  they  feared  that  disastrous  results  would  follow  the 
separation  of  education  from  religion. 

Each  of  these  views  had  earnest  supporters  at  the  Peoria 
meeting,  and  its  advantages  over  the  others  were  set  forth  in 
glowing  terms.  No  definite  conclusion  was  reached,  but  the 
discussion  was  of  great  value  in  creating  a  public  sentiment 
favorable  to  the  better  preparation  of  teachers  by  the  State. 
The  institute  adjourned  to  meet  in  Springfield,  at  the  most 
convenient  date,  during  the  Christmas  holidays  of  1855. 

At  the  Springfield  meeting  the  name  of  the  Institute  was 
changed  to  that  of  the  State  Teachers'  Association,  a  name 
which  it  still  bears.  One  of  the  principal  topics  discussed  by 
the  association  was  the  better  preparation  of  teachers,  and 
again  the  friends  of  education  were  divided  as  at  the  Peoria 
meeting.  It  was  evident,  however,  that  the  advocates  of  a 
normal  school,  free  from  all  "entangling  alliances,"  were  gain- 
ing in  numbers  and  in  confidence.  This  confidence  was  mani- 
fested very  clearly  at  the  Chicago  meeting,  in  1856,  when  the 
following  resolution  was  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  the  Association  does  not  wish  to  discuss  any  univer- 
sity question,  but  occupy  themselves  with  the  interests  of  common  schools 
and  Normal  schools. 

The  champions  of  the  normal  school  idea  were  gladdened 
by  the  withdrawal  of  all  opposition  to  their  plan  by  Mr.  Tur- 
ner and  his  party,  the  withdrawal  being  announced  in  a  grace- 
ful letter  to  the  association.  Before  adjourning,  the  following 
resolution  was  passed,  after  a  long  and  spirited  debate: 

Resolved,  That  the  educational  interests  of  Illinois  demand  the  imme- 
diate establishment  of  a  State  Normal  School  for  the  education  of  teach- 
ers ;  and  in  the  language  of.  the  Board  of  Education,  "We  therefore  rec- 
ommend an  appropriation  by  the  next  Legislature  of  a  sufficient  sum  an- 
nually to  support  such  a  seminary  of  learning." 

At  the  next  session  of  the  legislature  an  act  was  passed  for 
the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  a  Normal  University, 
and  it  was  approved  by  the  governor,  February  18,  1857.  The 
act  provided  that  no  part  of  the  college  and  seminary  funds 
should  be  used  for  the  erection  of  buildings ;  these  were  to  be 
built  by  the  place  at  which  the  school  should  be  located. 

The  act  which  established  the  normal  school  created  C.  B. 
Denio,  of  JoDaviess  county;  Simeon  Wright,  of  Lee  county; 
Daniel  Wilkins,  of  McLean  county;  C.  E.  Hovey,  of  Peoria 


8  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

county ;  George  B.  Rex,  of  Pike  county ;  Samuel  W.  Moulton, 
of  Shelby  county;  John  Gillespie,  of  Jasper  county;  George 
Bunsen,  of  St.  Clair  county;  Wesley  Sloan,  of  Pope  county; 
Ninian  W.  Edwards,  of  Sangamon  county;  John  Eden,  of 
Moultrie  county ;  Flavel  Mosley,  of  Cook  county ;  William  H. 
Wells,  of  Cook  county ;  Albert  R.  Shannon,  of  White  county, 
and  the  superintendent  of  public  instruction,  ex  officio,  with 
their  associates  and  successors,  a  body  corporate  and  politic, 
to  be  styled  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  State  of  Illinois, 
whose  duty  it  was  to  make  all  laws  necessary  for  the  govern- 
ment of  the  normal  university.  These  gentlemen  met  in  May 
at  the  office  of  the  State  superintendent,  who  was,  ex  oflicio, 
secretary  of  the  board,  and  organized  by  electing  Samuel  W. 
Moulton,  permanent  president. 

It  was  made  the  duty  of  the  board  to  fix  the  location  of 
the  school  at  the  place  which  offered  the  most  favorable  in- 
ducement for  that  purpose:  "Provided  that  such  location 
shall  not  be  difficult  of  access,  or  detrimental  to  the  welfare 
and  prosperity  of  said  normal  university." 

That  the  school  was  to  be  located  at  the  point  making  the 
highest  and  best  bid  was  widely  advertised  in  the  newspapers 
of  the  state,  and  as  a  consequence  several  cities  became  com- 
petitors for  the  prize.  When  the  Board  met  at  Peoria,  May  7, 
1857,  to  open  the  bids  and  decide  upon  the  location,  it  found 
that  Batavia,  Washington,  in  Tazewell  county,  Peoria,  and 
Bloomington  were  the  principal  bidders.  But  as  the  bids  of 
Bloomington  and  Peoria  were  much  higher  than  those  of  the 
others,  it  was  evident  one  or  the  other  of  them  would  get  the 
school. 

Peoria  offered  in  money : 

Individual  subscription   $25,032 

City  corporation   10,000 

County  Board  of  Supervisors  15,000 

Total   in  money    50,032 

The  highest  priced  site  which  it  offered  was  valued  at.  30,000 
So  that  the  total  bid  of  Peoria  was 80,032 

Several  prominent  residents  of  McLean  county,  chief 
among  whom  was  Hon.  Jesse  W.  Fell,  were  determined  to 
have  the  school  located  near  Bloomington.  Some  of  them  had 
bought  land  near  the  crossing  of  the  Illinois  Central  and  Chi- 
cago and  Alton  railroads.  This  land  they  had  platted  into 
town  lots  as  an  addition  to  the  little  village  of  North  Bloom- 
ington, as  the  place  was  then  named.  They  desired  to  sell  at  a 
profit,  and  they  believed  they  could  do  so,  if  the  normal  school 
should  be  located  in  the  vicinity.  Besides  the  pecuniary  ad- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY. 

vantage  that  would  result  from  the  location,  Mr.  Fell  believed 
that  it  would  be  the  means  of  building  up  an  intelligent  com- 
munity, which  he  desired  very  much,  as  his  family  residence 
was  but  a  short  distance  from  the  "Junction."  Even  previous  to 
the  act  of  the  legislature  establishing  the  normal  school  he 
was  laboring,  with  some  prospects  of  success,  to  found  a  col- 
lege or  seminary  at  North  Bloomington.  But  when  the  state 
decided  to  establish  a  school  for  the  preparation  of  teachers  he 
bent  all  his  energies  towards  obtaining  its  location  at  that 
point,  believing  that  such  a  school  was  sure  to  bring  in  an  ex- 
ceptionally fine  class  of  people.  Being  a  very  enthusiastic  and 
influential  man,  he  succeeded  in  getting  others  to  see  the  pe- 
cuniary, intellectual,  and  moral  advantages  that  would  result 
from  the  location. 

Satisfied  that  the  school  would  be  of  great  benefit  to  the 
community,  Mr.  Fell  and  his  co-workers  earnestly  endeavored 
to  bring  it  to  North  Bloomington.  They  did  not  confine  them- 
selves to  appeals  through  the  press,  but  labored  incessantly 
with  private  individuals,  and  set  a  good  example  by  subscrib- 
ing liberally  themselves.  As  a  result  they  obtained  pledges 
for  $50,000,  in  money  and  lands.  And  the  court  of  county 
commissioners  subscribed  an  equal  amount  for  the  county, 
from  the  proceeds  of  the  27,000  acres  of  swamp  land  which 
had  been  donated  to  the  county  by  the  Federal  government, 
thus  bringing  the  entire  subscription  up  to  $100,000. 

In  order  to  be  sure  that  Peoria  county  did  not  outbid  them, 
the  McLean  county  "workers"  sent  a  confidential  agent  to  Pe- 
oria to  ascertain,  if  possible,  what  that  county  was  going  to 
bid.  He  reported  there  was  danger  that  it  would  get  the 
school  unless  McLean  county  was  ready  to  bid  more  than  it 
had  then  pledged.  On  receiving  this  report,  Mr.  Fell  and  his 
associates  increased  their  own  subscription  and  succeeded  in 
getting  others  to  increase  theirs  until  the  individual  subscrip- 
tions in  money  and  land  reached  about  $71,000.  The  county 
commissioners  added  $20,000  to  the  subscription  of  the  county, 
so  that  the  representatives  of  McLean  county  were  prepared, 
on  that  fateful  May  7,  to  offer : 

Individual  subscription  in  money  and  land $71,000 

Subscription  by  the  county  court 70,000 

Total  $141,000 

This  amount  was  so  far  in  excess  of  that  offered  by  Peoria 
that  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University  was  declared  located 
in  McLean  county :  Provided  that  the  full  amount  of  the 


10  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

county  subscription  of  $70,000,  should  be  legally  guaranteed 
within  sixty  days,  in  default  of  which  the  location  was  to  be 
changed  to  Peoria.  The  Board  of  Education  employed  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  to  draw  up  a  form  of  bond  or  guaranty  to  be 
signed  by  responsible  citizens  of  Bloomington.  This  guaranty 
was  thought  to  be  necessary,  as  a  future  county  court  might  re- 
consider the  appropriation.  The  guaranty  was  duly  signed 
and  certified,  and  the  signers  suffered  no  loss  as  the  county 
stood  by  the  action  of  its  commissioners  and  eventually  paid 
its  subscription  in  full. 

Among  the  donations  of  land  were  the  sixty  acres  consti- 
tuting the  campus,  given  by  Joseph  Payne  and  Meshack  Pike, 
with  the  proviso  that  if  the  land  should  cease  to  be  used  for 
normal  school  purposes,  it  should  revert  to  the  donors,  their 
heirs,  or  assigns.  These  gentlemen  also  gave  twenty  acres 
west  of  the  campus,  and  Judge  David  Davis  and  E.  W.  Bake- 
well  each  gave  forty  acres.  This  eighty  lies  at  the  intersec- 
tion of  Main  Street  and  Sudduth  Road,  and  will  some  day  be 
the  experiment  farm  of  the  school. 

North  Bloomington,  at  the  time  of  the  location  of  the  nor- 
mal school,  was  a  town  site  without  a  town  and  with  no  spe- 
cial reason  for  its  existence.  It  was  situated  on  the  open 
prairie,  but  thru  the  foresight  and  labor  of  Mr.  Fell  in  planting 
shrubbery  and  trees,  Normal  is  today  a  beautiful  and  well- 
shaded  town.  The  name  Normal  was  given  to  the  little  village 
and  to  the  six  miles  square  of  which  it  is  the  principal  point, 
after  the  location  of  the  school,  the  date  being  April  6,  1858. 

"Mr.  Fell  also  took  a  remarkable  step  towards  bringing  to 
the  town  a  desirable  class  of  residents,  by  providing  in  all 
deeds  to  purchasers  of  lots  in  North  Bloomington,  that  intoxi- 
cating liquors  should  never  be  sold  on  the  premises ;  and  this 
stringent  prohibition  was  afterward  re-enforced  by  a  town 
charter,  which  was  intended  to  be  entirely  prohibitory.  This 
charter  needed  amendments,  however,  in  1867,  to  make  it  as 
fully  operative  as  the  inhabitants  desired,  and  a  petition  was 
circulated  asking  the  legislature  to  make  such  changes  as 
should  perpetually  restrain  the  town  or  city  authorities  from 
ever  licensing  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors.  It  is  a  remark- 
able fact  that  this  petition  was  signed  by  every  man  and 
woman,  and  every  child  over  seven  years  old,  in  a  town  which 
then  contained  1,800  inhabitants."* 

The  location  of  the  school  being  settled,  the  next  step  was 
to  elect  a  principal,  or  president.  Two  men  were  mentioned 

"History  of  McLean  County,  1879. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  11 

for  the  position,  Mr.  Phelps,  of  the  New  Jersey  normal 
school,  and  Mr.  Charles  E.  Hovey,  superintendent  of  the  Pe- 
oria  schools.  Fortunately  for  the  school,  Mr.  Hovey  was 
elected.  As  Mr.  Fell  was  the  main  force  in  bringing  it  to 
North  Bloomington,  so  Mr.  Hovey  was  the  main  force  in 
bringing  it  into  existence.  Without  him  it  is  doubtful  if  there 
would  have  been  a  normal  school  in  Illinois  in  the  fifties,  and 
possibly  not  in  the  sixties. 

As  a  result  of  the  discussion  at  the  Peoria  meeting,  in  1854, 
Mr.  Hovey  decided  that  there  was  no  good  reason  why  the  col- 
lege and  seminary  funds  could  not  be  used 'to  endow  a  normal 
school.  Having  reached  this  conclusion,  and  seeing  the  great 
need  of  such  an  institution,  he  fought  steadily  with  the  pen, 
on  the  stump,  and  in  the  lobby,  for  the  establishment  of  the 
school,  until  by  the  aid  of  a  few  other  friends  of  the  scheme 
he  succeeded. 

With  his  election  to  the  principalship  Mr.  Hovey's  real 
troubles  began.  Some  friends  of  education  wanted  the  school 
to  be  a  university  in  fact,  as  well  as  in  name,  and  were  disap- 
pointed when  the  curriculum  did  not  include  all  branches  of 
knowledge.  Others  looked  for  immediate  results,  and  were 
displeased  with  what  they  considered  the  slowness  of  those  in 
authority.  There  was  a  difference  of  opinion  in  the  Board  it- 
self as  to  what  should  be  attempted,  and  how  it  should  be  ac- 
complished. One  party  favored  borrowing  a  curriculum  from 
one  of  the  eastern  schools;  another  preferred  making  a  new 
curriculum  better  suited  to  the  longitude  and  conditions.  Be- 
sides these  two  parties,  individual  members  held  different 
views,  and  each  party  seemed  to  hold  the  principal  responsible 
for  carrying  out  its  particular  ideas. 

In  order  to  gain  time  to  arrange  his  course  of  study,  and 
to  keep  the  Board  from  hasty  action,  Mr.  Hovey  persuaded 
that  body  to  appoint  a  committee  to  inspect  the  principal  school 
buildings  of  this  and  other  States ;  he  and  Dr.  Rex  constituted 
the  committee.  They  made  a  careful  examination  of  the 
school  architecture  in  Philadelphia,  Trenton,  New  York  City, 
Albany,  and  in  many  cities  in  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts. 
On  their  return,  Dr.  Rex,  the  chairman  of  the  committee,  sub- 
mitted a  report  to  the  board  recommending  for  adoption  the 
plans  of  the  New  Jersey  normal  school  building.  Mr.  Hovey 
did  not  join  in  this  recommendation,  as  he  believed  a  better 
plan  for  his  purpose  could  be  devised.  So  he  went  over  the 
several  plans  carefully  with  Mr.  Randall,  of  Chicago,  the 
architect  engaged  by  the  board.  The  plan  agreed  upon  was 


12  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

not  a  copy  of  any  examined ;  neither  was  it  the  architect's  nor 
Mr.  Hovey's,  but  the  product  of  their  joint  labor. 

As  soon  as  the  plans  and  specifications  could  be  prepared 
a  contract  was  entered  into  for  the  construction  of  the  build- 
ing, which  was  to  be  completed  September  i,  1858.  The  cor- 
ner stone  was  laid  September  29,  1857,  with  impressive  cere- 
monies. Rev.  H.  J.  Eddy,  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Bloom- 
ington, offered  prayer.  Professor  Daniel  Wilkins  read  a 
letter  from  Governor  Matteson,  appropriate  to  the  occasion. 
W.  H.  Powell,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  de- 
posited in  the  corner  stone  a  copy  of  the  school  laws  and  of 
the  different  educational  journals  of  the  day.  Mr.  Jesse  W. 
Fell  deposited  a  list  of  all  the  contributors  to  the  location  of 
the  normal  school,  and  hoped  to  see  the  institution  develop 
into  a  complete  State  University  with  an  agricultural  college 
and  a  model  farm.  Dr.  E.  R.  Roe,  editor  of  the  Illinois  Bap- 
tist, deposited  all  the  Bloomington  papers  of  the  time  and 
made  a  very  appropriate  speech.  Judge  A.  J.  Merriman,  of 
the  county  court,  completed  the  ceremonies  by  placing  the  up- 
per stone  in  position. 

Principal  Hovey,  assisted  by  Ira  Moore,  opened  the  school 
in  Major's  Hall,  in  Bloomington,  October  5,  1857.  There 
were  twenty-nine  pupils  present  the  first  day,  and  the  number 
increased  to  127  during  the  academic  year.  The  prospects  of 
the  school  were  very  favorable  and  all  looked  forward  with 
pleasant  anticipations  to  the  time,  presumably  near  at  hand, 
when  the  school  should  be  housed  in  the  palatial  building  be- 
ing erected  on  the  prairie  near  the  "Junction." 

There  were  reasonable  grounds  for  these  expectations,  for 
a  time,  as  work  on  the  building  was  pushed  vigorously  in  the 
fall  of  1857.  But  work  was  suspended  in  December  because 
of  the  inability  to  pay  the  contractors  the  first  payment  on 
their  contract  as  it  fell  due.  This  was  discouraging  in  the  ex- 
treme and  caused  much  anxiety  to  the  friends  of  the  institu- 
tion. We  cannot  do  better  at  this  point  than  let  Mr.  Hovey 
tell  of  the  troubles  which  beset  the  normal  school  building 
and  its  friends.  He  is  entitled  to  this  privilege  as  without  his 
indomitable  will  and  his  tenacity  of  purpose  that  would  not 
permit  him  to  let  go  of  the  enterprise  until  success  was 
achieved,  it  is  difficult  to  say,  for  a  certainty,  what  the  result 
might  have  been,  or  if  the  normal  school  would  be  where  it  is. 

"But  there  came  a  time  (he  says)  when  we  were  not  per- 
mitted to  go  on  (with  the  work  of  teaching)  in  peace.  Ques- 
tionings, which  would  not  be  quieted  by  plain  answerings, 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  13 

came  again  and  again.  I  tried  hard  to  bar  them  from  the 
schoolroom,  but  could  not.  The  great  fact  that  not  a  blow 
had  been  struck  on  the  university  building  for  eighteen  months, 
was  known  to  everybody.  It  acted  and  reacted  upon  us  de- 
pressingly.  Were  we  to  remain  cooped  up  in  Major's  Hall  for- 
ever? Must  we,  after  flattering  the  public  and  ourselves  with 
the  grand  idea  of  a  model  school  in  a  model  edifice,  confess 
failure?  The  thought  was  wormwood,  and  the  fact,  if  fact  it 
should  prove  to  be,  was  full  of  peril.  We  had  carried  the  nor- 
mal school  bill  'by  the  skin  of  our  teeth,'  and  \vho  knew  but 
that  the  opposition  might  rally  and  repeal  the  law,  armed  with 
such  a  failure  to  carp  at  ?" 

"But  what  could  be  done?  We  had  neither  money  nor 
credit.  What  we  did  have,  applicable  to  building  purposes, 
was  a  subscription  which  could  not  then  be  collected,  and  per- 
haps never.  The  suspension  of  work  on  the  building,  in  De- 
cember, 1857,  was  brought  about  by  our  inability  to  collect 
from  this  subscription  six  or  seven  thousand  dollars  to  pay  the 
contractors  the  first  installment  due  them  on  their  contract  for 
work  done.  They  reasoned,  and  sensibly,  that  if  the  subscrib- 
ers to  the  building  fund,  in  the  first  flush  of  victory,  while  yet 
the  ink  was  hardly  dry  with  which  they  had  recorded  their 
'promise  to  pay'  would  not  or  could  not  pay  seven  or  eight 
thousand,  out  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  (I  use 
round  numbers,)  it  would  not  do  to  rely  upon  them,  or  their 
subscriptions;  and  the  sooner  they  (the  contractors)  stopped 
work  the  better  it  would  be  for  them.  So  they  stopped,  and 
the  suspension  continued  until  the  summer  of  1859 — more 
than  a  year  and  a  half.  Meanwhile  matters  grew  worse.  A 
great  financial  revulsion  had  swept  over  the  country,  carry- 
ing ruin  to  some  subscribers,  and  greatly  crippling  others. 
Moreover,  from  this  cause,  or  the  lapse  of  time,  or  some  other 
reason,  the  great  body  of  donors  seemed  to  carry  their  obli- 
gation more  loosely,  if  possible,  than  at  first.  Some  who  had 
subscribed  lands  refused  to  deed  them  until  the  building  should 
be  fully  completed,  which  was  a  repudiation  of  their  subscrip- 
tion so  far  as  any  aid  in  erecting  the  building  was  concerned." 

"That  part  of  the  subscription  made  by  the  county  of  Mc- 
Lean was  undoubtedly  good,  but  remote.  It  was  payable  out 
of  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  her  swamp  lands.  These  lands 
could  not,  by  law,  be  sold  for  less  than  their  appraised  value, 
and  would  not  then  sell  for  that.  Of  course  there  were  no  pro- 
ceeds, and  nothing  due  on  her  subscription.  This  subscription 


14  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

was  seventy  thousand  dollars — nearly  one-half  of  the  entire 
amount." 

In  the  spring  of  1859,  WOI"k  was  resumed  on  the  building. 
How  this  was  made  possible  can  best  be  told  in  Mr.  Hovey's 
own  words. 

"The  board  had  decreed,"  he  tells  us,  "that  work  on  the 
building  must  go  on  somehow  and  now,  and  that  the  building 
committee  must  find  the  means.  I  was  the  local  member  of  the 
committee,  and  for  about  twenty-nine  days  in  each  month,  the 
only  member  'comeatable,'  and  of  necessity  was  compelled  to 
act  for  the  committee. 

"Never  did  man  have  worse  means,  or  better  backing.  I 
remember  especially  Messrs.  Moulton,  Powell,  Wright,  Denio, 
and  Rex,  as  taking  a  decided  interest,  and  a  full  share  of  re- 
sponsibility. They  would  leave  their  own  business  at  any  time, 
on  call,  and  repair  to  Normal.  Powell  spent  months  there. 
Moulton  joined  me  on  notes  to  borrow  money  for  the  work, 
on  our  individual  responsibility,  and  so  did  Rex,  later  on. 

"The  first  step  was  to  get  clear  of  existing  contracts,  based 
upon  cash  payments,  because  we  had  no  cash. 

"The  second,  to  substitute  other  contracts,  based  upon  bar- 
ter— so  much  subscription  for  so  much  work  or  material. 

"The  third,  to  accept  labor  or  material  of  subscribers  who 
could  not  pay  money,  but  could  pay  these. 

"The  fourth,  to  compromise  with  those  not  able  to  pay  all, 
for  a  part. 

"It  was  purely  a  matter  of  barter,  we  traded,  'made  turns,' 
compromised  and  got  all  out  of  the  subscription  there  was  in 

it,  then  laid  it  aside. 

*  *       *       * 

"The  board  authorized  the  sending  of  an  agent  east  to  ef- 
fect, if  possible,  a  sale  of  the  county  lands,  and  thereby  hasten 
the  payment  of  the  county  subscription. 

*  *       *       * 

"At  that  time,  C.M.  Cady,  Esq.,  was  instructor  in  vocal  cul- 
ture in  the  university,  a  man  of  tact  and  pluck,  and  not  afflicted 
with  any  serious  tenderness  about  investing  his  skill  in  an  at- 
tempt to  negotiate  the  sale  of  the  county  lands.  So  to  Gotham 
he  went,  with  a  list  and  description  of  the  lands  in  his  pocket. 
He  made  something  of  a  stir  there,  I  judge,  from  the  letters 
of  inquiry  which,  soon  after  his  arrival,  began  to  come  by 
every  mail.  But  he  needed  something  more  than  a  list  of  the 
lands.  He  could  do  nothing  without  the  bonds  for  deeds  which 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  15 

could  be  passed  by  simple  endorsement.  With  these  he  could 
effect  a  sale,  in  fact,  had  virtually  done  so  already. 

"I  tried  to  get  the  bonds  from  the  county  authorities,  but 
could  not.  They  would  enter  into  no  transaction,  save  only  to 
sell  the  lands.  There  was  one  way  in  which  I  could  comply 
with  Cady's  suggestion.  I  could  buy  the  lands  myself,  paying 
for  them  by  a  small  cash  advance,  and  the  balance  by  time 
notes,  and  could  take  the  bonds  and  do  what  I  pleased  with 
them.  As  this  was  the  only  path,  I  walked  into  it,  and  bought 
seven  or  eight  thousand  acres  of  land,  at  a  cost  of  twenty-five 
or  thirty  thousand  dollars.  The  purchase  was  made  in  the  in- 
terest of,  and  intended  for  the  board,  but  without  any  author- 
ity, and  it  was  never  recognized.  My  notes,  to  the  amount  of 
twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  or  thereabout,  were  turned  over 
to  the  treasurer  of  the  board  by  the  county,  in  part  payment 
of  her  subscription;  and  the  building  committee  paid  them  to 
A,  B  and  C  for  labor  or  material.  So  they  became  widely 
scattered  and  gave  me  a  'heap'  of  trouble  to  take  them  up  as 
they  fell  due. 

"But  I  got  the  bonds,  and  notified  Cady.  Meanwhile,  the 
parties  with  whom  he  had  been  negotiating  failed,  and  the  bar- 
gain fell  through ;  nor  did  he  succeed  in  finding  another  pur- 
chaser. I  was  now  in  a  fix.  As  Deacon  Homespun,  or  some 
other  wise  man  said,  or  might  have  said,  I  had  brought  my 
pigs  to  a  fine  market.  I  could  boast  of  numerous  broad  acres 
of  swamp  land,  which  nobody  would  buy,  and  for  which  I 
was  in  debt,  and  had  nothing  to  pay.  Besides,  the  transaction, 
in  the  turn  it  had  taken,  pretty  clearly  impeached  my  discre- 
tion, and  might  involve  my  honor.  At  any  rate,  it  was  a  deli- 
cate matter,  for  my  notes  were  held  by  the  board,  and  should 
they  fail  to  be  paid  promptly,  or  not  to  be  paid  at  all,  the  board 
would  have  cause  to  complain  of  my  unauthorized  and  rash 
purchase. 

"But,  however  it  may  have  affected  and  embarrassed  me,  it 
proved  a  Godsend  to  the  university.  The  sale  got  noised  about 
as  a  big  speculation.  Over  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  worth 
of  the  county  lands  had  been  bought  up  by  one  party.  (Mum 
about  the  party.)  The  transaction  grew  on  every  tongue,  and 
soon  reached  colossal  proportions.  There  must  be  something 
in  these  lands,  after  all.  (And  they  will  soon  be  gone,  I  took 
care  to  have  suggested.)  The  wave  was  rising.  Through 
Powell,  we  got  the  State  officers  at  Springfield  to  invest 
(Hatch,  Dubois,  and  Miller,)  and  took  good  care  to  have  this 
fact  related  to  Madam  Rumor,  who  forthwith  spread  it  thru 


16  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

all  the  country  round.  Others  took  heart  and  bought  lands; 
nor  was  it  long  before  the  funds  in  the  treasury  enabled  us  to 
begin  operations. 

"We  paid  off  Mortimer  and  Loberg,  the  contractors  for  the 
mason  work,  and  they  surrendered  their  contract.  Mr.  Soper, 
the  contractor  for  the  carpenter  work,  elected  to  retain  his  con- 
tract, go  on  with  the  job,  and  take  his  chances  about  getting 
his  pay. 

"It  was  now  necessary  to  find  some  mason  who  would  un- 
dertake the  construction  of  the  walls  of  the  building,  and  take 
his  pay  in  the  subscriptions.  A  man  who  could  and  would  do 
this  was  hard  to  find.  But  by  dint  of  much  talk,  of  appeals  to 
local  pride  and  interest,  and  aided  by  the  eclat  of  the  recent 
sales  of  the  county  lands,  we  found  him  in  the  person  of  S.  D. 
Rounds,  Esq.  He  exacted  the  'pick'  of  our  assets,  and  took 
the  cream  of  the  subscription,  leaving  the  skimmilk,  and  not 
much  of  it,  to  pay  the  carpenter,  painter,  plumber,  and  plas- 
terer. But  it  was  the  best  we  could  do,  and  we  did  it.  Even 
with  this  choice,  the  mason  found  great  difficulty  in  complet- 
ing his  job ;  and  although  he  succeeded,  the  walls  crept  up  at 
a  snail's  pace,  sometimes  forgetting  to  creep  at  all  for  many 
weeks  together,  so  that  the  heart  grew  sick  at  hope  deferred. 

"It  was  absolutely  necessary  to  provide  some  money.  Work 
could  not  go  on  without  it.  It  could  not  be  obtained  on  the 
credit  of  the  board.  That  matter  was  fully  tested.  Nor  could 
it  be  obtained  on  private  notes,  based  on  the  assets  of  the  board. 
There  was  but  one  way.  The  friends  of  the  institution  must 
loan  it  money  or  credit.  At  first  Moulton  and  I  borrowed  a 
few  thousand  dollars,  which  was  soon  gone.  Then  Messrs. 
Fell  and  Holder  came  forward  and  put  their  names  to  paper 
on  which  we  got  more  money,  and  in  this  way,  from  time  to 
time,  when  hard  pushed,  money  was  raised.  I  remember  es- 
pecially in  this  connection,  Jesse  and  Kersey  Fell,  and  Charles 
and  Richard  Holder.  Without  them  I  see  not  how  we  could 
have  succeeded. 

"I  next  went  among  the  merchants  of  Bloomington,  and 
told  them  I  would  be  personally  responsible  that  they  should 
be  paid  out  of  the  first  money  the  board  should  receive  for 
building  purposes,  if  they  would  supply  our  carpenter,  Mr. 
Soper,  with  what  he  needed,  on  credit.  The  legislature  was  to 
meet  the  ensuing  January,  and  I  told  them  it  would  appropri- 
ate for  any  deficiency  there  might  be  in  the  means  to  build  the 
university  building,  and  that  they  should  have  their  pay  out 
of  said  appropriation.  So  much  I  pledged.  They  consented, 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  17 

and  by  this  arrangement  Mr.  Soper  was  enabled  to  supply  him- 
self with  hardware,  paints,  oils,  glass,  some  lumber,  groceries, 
and  all  kinds  of  provisions  and  clothing  for  his  family  and  his 
workmen;  and  when  the  appropriation  was  made,  as  I  said 
it  would  be,  I  redeemed  my  promise,  and  caused  them  all  to  be 
paid.  I  considered  this  a  lucky  piece  of  financiering,  and  it 
was  lucky  for  the  institution;  but  it  bequeathed  to  me  one 
first-class  lawsuit,  and  sundry  smaller  ones,  and  has  cost  me  a 
good  deal  of  money  and  trouble." 

This  is  the  story  of  the  financial  embarrassment  which  be- 
set the  pathway  of  the  building  committee,  and  well  nigh  ren- 
dered its  efforts  futile,  as  told  by  the  principal  member  of  the 
committee.  His  anxiety  and  fear  of  ultimate  failure  during 
those  weary  months  when  the  work  on  the  building  was  at  a 
standstill,  can  more  readily  be  imagined  than  described.  Many 
men  in  his  place  would  acknowledge  defeat,  give  up  the  strug- 
gle, and  let  the  building  go  by  default.  But  he  was  not  that 
kind  of  man.  He  had  entered  upon  a  great  enterprise,  one 
which  was  dear  to  his  heart,  and  he  was  determined  to  suc- 
ceed, even  if  it  promised  to  wreck  his  private  fortune,  and 
weigh  him  down,  for  many  years,  with  debts  which  he  had 
personally  incurred  in  behalf  of  the  building.  And  all  friends 
of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University  owe  Charles  E.  Hovey 
a  profound  debt  of  gratitude.  May  his  name  be  ever  held  in 
loving  remembrance  by  them. 

Thru  the  means  recited  by  Principal  Hovey,  the  building 
was  far  enuf  advanced  in  June,  1860,  so  that  the  graduating 
class  (the  first)  held  its  exercises  in  the  assembly  room,  and  in 
the  fall  of  that  year,  the  school  moved  into  its  permanent  quar- 
ters, altho  the  building  was  not  completed  until  early  in  1861. 

It  is  proper  to  state  that  the  legislature  of  1861,  appro- 
priated $65,000  to  complete  the  building  and  pay  outstand- 
ing debts.  A  portion  of  this  money  was  lost  by  the  failure 
of  many  banks  in  1861,  and  for  this  and  other  reasons, 
it  was  found  necessary  for  the  next  legislature  to  appropriate 
$35,000  more  before  the  debts  were  fully  paid. 


CHAPTER  II 
THE  SCHOOL  AND  THE  WAR 

BY  JOHN  H.  BURNHAM,  CLASS  OF  1861 


The  school  year  of  1860  closed  with  the  new  Normal  build- 
ing under  roof  and  partially  completed.  The  graduating  exer- 
cises of  the  class  of  1860  were  held  in  the  new  structure,  the 
upper  hall  having  been  cleared  of  lumber  and  carpenter's  tools 
for  the  occasion.  The  attendance  was  very  large.  The  Bloom- 
ington  and  Normal  people  furnished  a  collation,  which  was 
free  to  all  and  was  served  in  the  unfinished  class  rooms. 

The  donations  of  land  and  money  from  the  county  and 
from  the  people  of  Bloomington  and  Normal  had  secured  the 
location  of  the  institution,  and  after  the  trials  and  tribulations 
which  history  records,  the  building  was  well  under  way  to- 
wards final  completion.  A  class  of  ten  had  graduated  and  the 
Normal  was  at  the  threshold  of  its  great  future  career.  The 
educational  people  who  had  anxiously  watched  the  growth  of 
the  Normal  idea  from  the  days  of  the  great  Educational  State 
Convention  held  in  Bloomington,  December  26,  1853,  were 
delighted  at  seeing  tangible  evidences  of  the  correctness  of 
their  theories,  while  those  who  had  almost  too  liberally  made 
donations  for  the  sake  of  the  future  material  benefits  to  Nor- 
mal, Bloomington,  and  McLean  county,  now  saw  the  beginning 
of  better  times. 

It  may  be  added  from  1860  to  the  present  the  Bloomington 
people  have  appeared  to  take  less  and  less  interest  in  the  Nor- 
mal commencements.  The  interest  in  1860  was  both  an  educa- 
tional and  a  bread  and  butter  interest.  The  present  interest  is 
merely  an  academic  or  educational  one,  quiet,  unemotional,  and 
undemonstrative. 

During  the  summer  vacation  of  1860  there  was  great  ac- 
tivity among  the  Normal  workmen,  and  although  the  opening 
of  the  fall  term  was  delayed  later  than  usual,  the  new  building 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  19 

was  not  wholly  finished  when  the  term  opened.  The  Normal 
assembly  room  and  a  few  class  rooms  were  ready  for  use,  but 
it  was  a  common  thing  for  the  carpenter's  tools  to  interrupt 
class  exercises,  and  quite  as  common  for  the  classes  to  migrate 
from  one  unfinished  room  to  another  of  the  same  character 
until  nearly  midwinter. 

During  this  transition  period  the  two  literary  societies  were 
also  homeless,  and  as  the  rooms  were  unlighted,  meetings  were 
held  under  very  great  difficulties. 

The  year  1860  was  one  of  great  political  excitement.  Lin- 
coln and  Douglas  were  both  Illinoisians,  and  each  candidate 
had  a  wonderfully  large  personal  acquaintance.  There  were  per- 
haps from  thirty  to  forty  voters  among  the  Normal  students. 
The  most  of  these  could  vote  in  Bloomington  where  they  had 
resided  for  one  or  two  years  of  their  student  life,  but  if  they 
boarded  at  Normal  they  would  lose  their  votes.  Many  of  the 
students  of  this  class  therefore  remained  in  Bloomington  until 
after  the  day  of  the  November  election. 

Looking  back  at  those  days  I  wonder  our  political  interest 
was  so  small.  We  discussed  the  slavery  question  with  an  al- 
most purely  academic  interest.  We  little  realized  how  deeply 
the  country  was  soon  to  be  convulsed  with  the  great  question 
of  war  or  peace.  We  supposed  ourselves  greatly  interested 
in  the  result  of  the  coming  election  and  each  one  voted  con- 
scientiously, but  with  little  actual  realization  of  the  import- 
ance of  the  national  election  of  1860. 

There  were  four  student  voters  where  I  boarded.  One 
voted  for  Bell  and  Everett.  I  voted  for  Douglas  and  Stephens 
and  the  others  for  Lincoln  and  Hamlin.  We  frequently  dis- 
cussed the  question  of  the  day  but  none  of  us  realized  that  in 
less  than  one  year  we  should  all  agree  harmoniously  that  our 
duty  to  our  country  would  overshadow  all  of  our  cherished 
personal  plans,  and  that  we  should  all  be  equally  ready  to  de- 
fend the  old  flag. 

Before  the  end  of  the  winter  we  all  realized  that  a  crisis 
in  the  affairs  of  Normal  had  arisen,  and  that  unless  the  legis- 
lature should  appropriate  a  large  sum  of  money  to  pay  the 
debt  of  the  still  uncompleted  building  the  institution  would 
be  suspended. 

As  state  after  state  seceded  from  the  union,  as  the  finances 
of  the  nation  and  state  became  more  and  more  confused,  it 
was  considered  very  doubtful  whether  the  Illinois  legislature 
under  all  of  the  threatening  conditions,  would  be  able  to  rise 
to  the  occasion  and  appropriate  the  money  needed. 


20  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

When  the  legislature  came  in  a  body  to  visit  the  school  in 
January,  1861,  we  all  felt  it  to  be  a  special  duty  to  put  our 
best  feet  forward,  in  case  any  footsteps  were  to  be  taken,  and 
every  student  and  teacher  loyally  performed  whatever  duty 
fell  to  his  or  her  lot  in  showing  ourselves  off  to  the  best 
advantage. 

Great  was  our  rejoicing  when  within  a  few  days  after  the 
legislature  visited  us  we  learned  that  the  needed  $65,000  had 
been  appropriated,  and  we  believed  that  our  Normal  had 
earned  a  new  lease  of  life,  but  whether  it  could  live  through 
the  convulsions  of  the  dreaded  Civil  War  was  a  most  momen- 
tous question. 

When  Fort  Sumpter  was  fired  on  in  April,  1861,  and  after 
the  president's  call  for  75,000  men  was  issued,  we  could  scarcely 
keep  our  minds  on  our  studies,  and  when  Joseph  G.  Howell, 
Principal  of  the  Model  School,  of  the  class  of  1860,  resigned 
his  position  and  volunteered  with  five  Normal  and  Model 
School  pupils,  we  were  almost  panic  struck.  But  for  President 
Hovey's  cool  preparations  most  of  our  young  men  would  have 
enlisted  wherever  a  vacancy  could  be  found.  President  Hovey 
soon  employed  a  drill  master,  Captain  John  W.  White,  to  teach 
us  military  tactics  after  school  hours  and  on  Saturdays,  and  the 
threatening  hegira  was  arrested. 

Acceding  to  Howell's  wish  the  faculty  placed  me  in  charge 
of  the  Model  School,  and  the  bereaved  pupils  reluctantly  but 
loyally  transferred  as  much  good  will  to  me  as  they  could  un- 
der the  circumstances. 

The  Normal  and  Model  School  received,  in  February, 
1862,  a  terrible  shock,  when  the  tidings  came  of  the  death  of 
Lieutenant  Howell  at  the  battle  of  Pittsburg  Landing,  and  a 
very  few  days  later  his  remains  were  lying  in  state  in  Bloom- 
ington.  Normal's  heart  was  almost  broken  with  grief,  shared 
by  the  whole  community,  a  grief  which  remains  fresh  to  this 
very  day,  as  is  made  evident  to  observers  who  see  the  marble 
tablet  to  his  memory  placed  twenty-five  years  ago  by  Normal 
and  Model  School  friends  of  the  lamented  Howell,  in  the  room 
once  occupied  by  this  hero. 

In  1 86 1  and  for  several  years  later  the  Normal  and  Model 
Schools  were  under  the  same  roof.  Three  of  the  rear  rooms 
of  the  first  floor  were  used  by  the  Model  School,  but  there  was 
no  training  school,  and  not  even  a  day's  observation  of  teach- 
ing methods  was  granted  to  the  graduating  class  of  1861.  I 
was  a  member  of  this  class,  but  my  studies  of  the  last  term, 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  21 

while  teaching  in  the  Model  School,  were  conveniently  skipped, 
probably  as  a  war  measure,  and  I  fear  that  in  some  other  re- 
spects the  graduating  class  of  1861  was  made  to  share  the  gen- 
eral deficiencies  of  those  warlike  times. 

As  the  first  call  for  troops  was  for  75,000  men  for  three 
months'  service,  which  was  immediately  rilled,  some  of  us  soon 
began  to  be  beguiled  by  Secretary  Seward's  smooth  explana- 
tion that  the  war  would  be  over  in  ninety  days. 

Normal  students  tried  hard  to  go  on  with  the  studies  of  the 
course,  although  careful  thinkers  were  predicting  what  soon 
came  to  pass,  that  the  next  call  for  troops  would  be  called  for 
three  years  unless  sooner  discharged.  The  probability  of  a 
long  war  kept  up  our  drilling  and  we  came  to  the  conclusion 
that  before  the  end  of  the  coming  summer  we  might  be  pre- 
pared for  the  worst,  and  that,  if  needed,  our  Normal  Rifles,  the 
original  company  of  Normal  and  Model  students,  about  fifty- 
five  in  number,  would  go  to  the  war  in  a  body. 

During  this  summer  term  of  1861  throughout  the  country 
at  large,  all  was  confusion  and  uncertainty,  with  daily  and 
hourly  telegraphic  messages  of  war  and  war's  alarms,  but  the 
school  kept  on  in  the  uneven  tenor  of  its  ways.  The  regular 
studies  partially  engrossed  our  attention,  while  the  excitement 
of  the  outside  world  distracted  our  thoughts  to  a  greater  or 
less  extent. 

Hope  is  ever  buoyant  in  the  hearts  of  the  young,  and  when 
our  elders  were  so  generally  of  the  opinion  that  the  Southern- 
ers were  merely  attempting  to  gain  by  threats  and  bravado 
what  had  been  denied  them  at  the  polls,  what  wonder  that  we 
were  early  converts  to  Seward's  ninety  day  prediction  ? 

It  may  therefore  be  confidently  asserted  that  most  of  our 
Normal  students  were  thoughtful  enough  and  brave  enough 
to  pursue  their  studies  with  fair  proficiency  under  all  of  these 
exciting  circumstances. 

The  Normal  Rifles  held  their  last  parade  on  the  first  of  July, 
1 86 1,  and  when  the  term  closed  on  the  second  of  the  month, 
the  little  company  separated  with  the  understanding  that  if 
necessary  and  possible,  the  company  would  enlist  as  a  body  for 
the  war.  Events  traveled  rapidly  in  those  fateful  days,  and 
soon  after  the  dreadful  battle  of  Bull  Run,  July  21,  President 
Hovey  was  Colonel  Hovey,  with  authority  to  raise  a  regiment 
of  troops  for  the  rebellion.  The  Normal  Rifles  became  Com- 
pany A,  33rd  regiment,  Illinois  Infantry  Volunteers.  Prof. 
L.  H.  Potter  was  captain  of  this  company,  and  I  had  the  honor 


22  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

of  being  its  first  lieutenant.  G.  H.  Norton,  brother  of  the 
gifted  Henry  B.  Norton,  one  of  my  classmates,  became  second 
lieutenant.  He  belonged  to  the  class  of  1862,  but  was  never 
able  to  return  to  his  Normal  studies.  His  term  of  office  ended 
August  5,  1863,  his  having  been  wounded  at  Vicksburg  being 
the  cause  of  his  resignation. 

Harvey  J.  Button,  one  of  the  graduating  class  of  1861 
entered  Company  A  as  sergeant,  and  became  captain  August 
5,  1863.  My  own  term  as  captain  commenced  September  6, 
1862,  and  ended  April  i,  1863.  Prof.  Ira  Moore,  of  the  Nor- 
mal faculty,  who  commenced  with  Hovey  and  the  school  in 
1857,  entered  service  as  a  commissioned  officer,  and  was  cap- 
tain of  Company  G.  Moses  I.  Morgan,  of  the  graduating 
class  of  1 86 1,  was  captain  of  Company  B.  Aaron  Gove, 
now  living  in  Denver,  Colo.,  one  of  the  graduating  class  of 
1 86 1,  entered  the  regiment  as  2nd  Lieutenant  of  B  Com- 
pany, 33d  111.  Inf.,  and  afterwards  became  Regimental  Ad- 
jutant. He  served  later  as  Brigade  assistant  adjutant  gen- 
eral with  the  rank  of  Captain.  H.  H.  Pope,  one  of  the 
early  students  of  1857,  was  captain  of  Company  D.  The 
regimental  surgeon  was  Dr.  George  P.  Rex,  of  Perry,  Pike 
county,  who  was  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education, 
and  Simeon  Wright  of  Kinmundy,  another  member  of  the 
Board,  was  our  Quartermaster.  In  all,  forty-six  members  of 
the  regiment  were  Normalites  and  these  formed  the  nucleus  of 
the  33rd,  or  Normal  Regiment,  as  it  was  called  for  some  time, 
after  the  original  home  of  the  regiment,  a  name  it  will  carry  in 
some  circles  at  least,  if  not  officially,  as  long  as  its  fame  will 
endure. 

Its  reputation  was  made  at  the  start  from  the  fact  that  stu- 
dents, teachers,  and  educational  men  were  invited  to  join  its 
ranks  and  they  did  join  in  respectable  numbers.  The  place  of 
origin,  the  State  Normal  University,  gave  it  great  prominence 
and  caused  it  to  be  noticed  and  watched  by  thoughtful  men, 
not  only  in  Illinois  but  all  over  the  west. 

There  was  one  other  western  regiment,  the  42nd  Ohior 
whose  colonel  was  the  president  of  a  college.  I  recollect  that 
while  we  were  taking  some  preliminary  steps  towards  our  own 
organization,  Colonel  Hovey  mentioned  that  Colonel  Gar- 
field's  42nd  Ohio  regiment  was  the  only  other  student  regiment 
that  he  had  heard  of  and  he  concluded  his  remarks  by  saying, 
"Watch  that  man  Garfield."  I  did  watch  him,  and  when  he 
became  candidate  for  president  in  1880  I  was  more  enthusiastic 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  23 

in  his  behalf  than  I  have  been  for  any  other  presidential  can- 
didate. 

The  Normal  regiment  found  itself  at  Pilot  Knob,  Mo., 
September  20,  1861.  Here  and  near  here  its  officers  and  sol- 
diers were  taught  many  of  the  important  first  lessons  in  sol- 
diery and  military  tactics. 

Although  the  Normal  contingent  formed  the  nucleus  of 
the  33rd  regiment,  yet  it  contained  more  than  nine  hundred 
other  members  who  sometimes  felt  the  Normalites  were  a  little 
too  much  inclined  to  over-rate  themselves,  and  considerable 
jealousy  was  early  aroused,  disappearing,  however,  as  soon  as 
it  was  seen  that  we  were  always  ready  to  prove  by  acts  and 
not  by  words  that  we  were  in  the  war  for  the  good  of  the 
cause,  and  not  to  promote  our  own  selfish  interests.  It  was 
not  long  before  we  were  proud  of  our  comrades,  and  our  com- 
rades were  proud  to  be  associated  with  those  who  had  orig- 
inated the  idea  of  the  schoolmaster's  regiment. 

Its  first  baptism  of  fire  was  at  Fredericktown,  Mo.,  Octo- 
ber 21,  1 86 1,  just  enough  like  war  to  give  us  a  slight  zest  for 
more,  not  a  man  killed,  not  a  drop  of  the  Regiment's  blood 
spilled,  and  the  victory  was  important. 

In  camp  at  Ironton,  Mo.,  during  the  winter  of  1861  and 
1862,  our  regiment  suffered  from  sickness  but  gradually  im- 
proved itself  in  military  drill,  and  perfected  itself  in  hard 
marching  during  the  following  spring  and  summer. 

Colonel  Hovey  won  his  promotion  on  this  march,  which  is 
the  main  reason  for  the  insertion  of  a  brief  account  of  the  bat- 
tle of  Bayou  Cache,  July  7,  1862. 

Our  regiment  formed  a  part  of  the  advance  guard  of  Gen- 
eral Curtis'  army  of  15,000  men,  marching  thru  Missouri 
and  Arkansas  on  the  way  to  Little  Rock.  The  Rebels,  for 
several  days,  obstructed  our  march  by  felling  trees  in  the  roads 
and  in  other  ways,  without  giving  us  fight.  On  the  morning 
of  July  7,  four  companies  of  the  33rd  regiment,  with  as  many 
more  from  the  nth  Wisconsin  regiment,  were  reconnoitering 
in  advance,  removing  the  blockades,  when  we  fell  into  an  am- 
bush of  Texan  rangers.  We  were  driven  back  at  first  with 
severe  loss,  although  not  until  Company  A  in  charge  of  a  small 
cannon  belonging  to  an  Indiana  battery  had  resisted  a  savage 
attempt  to  capture  the  gun.  First  Sergeant  Edward  M.  Pike, 
a  Normal  student  now  living  at  Chenoa,  111.,  aided  by  one 
other  man,  coupled  the  cannon  by  main  strength  to  its  fore- 
most wheels,  barely  saving  it  from  capture,  just  as  the  rebels 


24  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

were  on  the  point  of  reaching  for  the  artillery  horses'  bridles. 
He  received  a  bullet  through  his  cap  and  for  his  muscular  ac- 
tivity, daring  and  bravery,  was  a  few  years  ago  given,  by  the 
Secretary  of  War,  a  medal  of  honor,  which  is  the  only  medal 
granted  to  a  member  of  the  33rd  regiment,  to  my  knowledge. 
Captain  Potter,  in  command  of  our  company,  was  severely 
wounded,  with  several  others.  Just  as  we  started  to  the  rear 
he  gave  me  the  command  of  the  company  and  told  me  to  take 
it  back  to  the  rear.  As  a  matter  of  fact  the  company  or  some- 
thing else  was  taking  me  rapidly  back  to  the  rear  without  or- 
ders, and  I  shall  never  forget  my  satisfaction  at  being  under 
orders  to  do  what  was  so  remarkably  agreeable  as  was  that 
retreat,  and  feeling  that  of  all  that  rushing  throng  pushing  our 
way  to  the  rear  amidst  the  crashing  bullets  and  falling 
branches,  I  was  perhaps  the  only  one  fortunate  enough  to  be 
acting  under  orders. 

Colonel  Hovey  was  in  the  rear  with  the  main  army,  but 
fortunately  was  mounted  and  on  his  way  to  join  us  when  he 
heard  the  sound  of  battle  and  rode  like  the  wind  to  our  assist- 
ance. He  met  our  retreating  forces,  about  five  hundred  in  all, 
and  instantly  attempted  with  great  success  to  halt  the  troops  at 
a  good  point  for  resistance.  I  shall  never  forget  his  courage- 
ous and  desperate  attempts  to  rally  the  troops.  I  was  very  near 
to  his  person  when  some  rebel  buckshot  passed  through  his 
clothing  and  cut  the  skin  of  the  upper  part  of  his  breast.  The 
pain  was  intense  as  the  first  sensation  was  like  being  shot  thru 
the  lungs.  He  turned  pale  and  staggered,  and  just  as  I  was 
almost  near  enuf  for  assistance,  I  saw  him  tear  open  the  cloth- 
ing and  feel  of  his  wound.  In  an  instant  his  countenance 
brightened  as  he  drew  forth  his  hand  containing  two  or  three 
buckshot  which  had  merely  penetrated  the  skin.  He  said  im- 
mediately, "It  is  nothing  but  a  flesh  wound  and  some  buckshot. 
I  am  not  hurt,"  and  immediately  proceeded  more  vigorously 
than  before  to  arrange  the  disorganized  soldiers  for  desperate 
defense.  The  rally  was  successful,  other  troops  arrived,  the 
force  of  Texans  was  soon  driven  back  and  we  were  grandly 
victorious. 

Colonel  Hovey  was  deservedly  made  brigadier-general  for 
this  exploit.  His  promotion  carried  the  promotion  of  Captain 
Potter  to  be  major  of  the  regiment,  and  as  I  was  next  in  line, 
this  promoted  me  to  be  captain.  I  had  done  nothing  to  deserve 
this  and  was  simply  carried  along  by  the  rush  of  other  promo- 
tions, much  as  I  had  been  carried  to  the  rear  under  orders  in 


CHARLES    EDWARD   HOVEY 
First  President,   1857-1861. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  25 

the  action  itself.  General  Hovey  soon  left  us  to  take  com- 
mand of  a  brigade  of  other  troops.  He  participated  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Chickasaw  Bayou,  and  also  in  the  capture  of  Arkansas 
Post,  where  he  was  wounded  by  a  bullet  which  was  declared 
by  good  authority  to  have  passed  through  both  arms.  Con- 
gress on  March  13,  1865,  made  him  brevet  major  general, 
enumerating  among  other  merits,  "Especially  for  meritorious 
conduct  at  Arkansas  Post."  This  act  of  Congress  closed  Gen- 
eral Hovey's  military  record  with  all  of  the  honor  that  his  best 
friends  could  possibly  desire. 

A  fruitless  winter's  march  in  southern  Missouri  in  1862 
and  1863  was  followed  in  March  by  an  order  to  proceed  to 
Vicksburg,  where  the  regiment  became  attached  to  the  famous 
1 3th  Army  Corps  under  Gen.  John  A.  MacClernand  and  its 
real  military  fighting  history  now  commenced. 

It  took  an  active  part  in  the  battles  of  Port  Gibson,  Cham- 
pion Hills,  Magnolia  Hills  and  in  the  terrific  charge  on  Vicks- 
burg, earning  the  official  thanks  of  General  Grant,  and  special 
mention  in  his  published  "Memoirs,"  written  after  the  war. 

The  regiment's  loss  in  the  Vicksburg  battles  amounted  to 
no  less  than  thirty  officers  and  men  killed,  and  nearly  one  hun- 
dred wounded,  and  its  services  have  been  commemorated  by 
the  State  of  Illinois  with  a  beautiful  regimental  monument 
placed  in  1906  on  the  site  of  its  most  terrible  conflict.  The 
name  of  every  Illinois  soldier  engaged  in  the  Vicksburg  battles 
is  engraven  in  lasting  bronze  tablets  in  the  interior  of  this 
grand  monument,  erected  in  1906. 

I  left  the  regiment  at  Millikin's  Bend  on  the  first  day  of 
April,  1863,  having  resigned  in  February  on  account  of  ill 
health.  These  tablets  contain  the  names  of  all  members  of 
the  army  who  were  in  the  army  on  March  29,  and  I  under- 
stand my  own  name  is  on  the  tablet,  the  same  as  if  I  had  been 
under  fire  during  these  battles.  Just  another  case  of  my  good 
luck  which  followed  me  during  my  entire  army  service,  simply 
because  of  being  in  good  company. 

The  history  of  the  33rd  Illinois  Regiment  was  published 
by  the  survivors  in  1902,  and  it  is  a  remarkable  historical  rec- 
ord, said  to  be  one  of  the  very  best  regimental  histories  ever 
published  in  any  state,  east  or  west.  Mr.  V.  G.  Way,  of  Gib- 
son City,  Illinois,  was  the  compiler  and  author,  assisted  by 
other  members.  Col.  I.  H.  Elliott,  the  regiment's  last  and 
best  loved  commander,  wrote  its  military  records  in  first-class 
military  style. 


26  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

I  wrote  the  introduction  and  the  sketch  of  the  organization 
of  the  Normal  Company,  and  Capt.  H.  J.  Dutton  brought  the 
company's  history  down  to  the  end  of  the  war.  This  publica- 
tion, with  the  government's  official  history  of  the  rebellion, 
and  with  the  Judge  Marshall's  Army  Life,  written  and  pub- 
lished in  1883  at  Joliet  by  O.  A.  Marshall,  now  Judge  Mar- 
shall, a  member  of  Company  A,  but  not  a  Normal  student, 
taken  altogether,  constitutes  a  full  and  permanent  written  his- 
tory of  the  Normal  heroes  of  1861. 

We  may  state  briefly  that  immediately  after  the  fall  of 
Vicksburg  the  regiment  was  at  the  siege  of  Jackson,  and  that 
it  took  part  later  in  1863  in  the  capture  of  Fort  Esperanza  in 
Texas.  Just  at  the  close  of  the  war  in  1865,  it  was  at  the 
capture  of  Ft.  Blakeley  at  Mobile,  and  at  Spanish  Fort,  Mobile, 
Ala.  Its  banners  are  officially  entitled  to  be  emblazoned  with 
the  following  battles :  Fredericktown,  Mo.,  Bayou  Cache,  Ark., 
Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  Grand  Gulf,  Miss.,  Champion  Hills,  Miss.> 
Magnolia  Hills,  Miss.,  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  Black  River,  Miss., 
Siege  of  Jackson,  Miss.,  Fort  Esperanza,  Texas,  Blakeley,  Ala., 
and  Spanish  Fort,  Ala. 

Soon  after  the  Normal  Rifles  were  organized  at  Normal  the 
ladies  of  Normal  prepared  and  presented  a  beautiful  flag  to 
the  company,  on  which  occasion  Miss  Sophie  J.  Crist  of  the 
graduating  class  of  1861,  delivered  a  very  appropriate  address 
to  the  assembled  company  in  the  upper  hall  of  the  Normal 
building.  This  same  flag  was  carried  by  the  regiment  for  a 
short  time  after  its  organization  and  then  given  into  my  pos- 
session. It  is  now  preserved  in  the  museum  of  the  Normal 
University.  The  fact  that  the  regiment  was  partially  composed 
of  teachers  and  educational  men,  was  the  means  of  a  set  of 
regimental  colors  being  presented  to  the  regiment  by  the  school 
teachers  of  Chicago  and  Cook  county.  These  colors  reached  the 
regiment  in  October  or  November,  1861,  at  Ironton,  Mo.,  ac- 
companied by  a  delegation  of  Chicago  teachers.  When  they 
were  worn  out,  and  torn  and  tattered  in  the  battles  of 
Vicksburg,  the  color  bearer  having  lost  his  life  in  battle,  the 
staff  and  colors  riddled,  bleached  out,  and  with  blood  stains, 
which  can  be  detected  to  the  present  day,  they  were  replaced 
by  a  new  and  beautiful  set  from  the  same  source  as  the  first. 
These  flags,  preserved  to  the  present  time,  are  now  in  the  care 
of  the  McLean  County  Historical  Society  at  Bloomington,  be- 
ing kept  in  a  beautiful  case  with  several  other  McLean  flags,, 
labeled  and  carefully  rolled  up,  so  tattered  and  torn  that  ii* 
all  probability  they  will  never  be  unrolled. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  27 

The  crowning  act  of  patriotism  which  should  ever  stand 
out  to  the  everlasting  credit  of  this  regiment,  was  its  re-en- 
listing on  the  desolate  Texas  coast  in  1864  for  another  three 
years'  service  as  a  Veteran  Volunteer  Regiment. 

Nothing  in  the  history  of  American  volunteering  exceeds 
in  patriotism  and  devotion  to  country  the  re-enlisting  of  a 
regiment  in  the  face  of  the  enemy,  and  the  public  have  never 
given  and  never  will  give,  the  great  credit  deserved  by  these 
heroes  of  1864,  of  whom  at  least  100,000  were  enlisted  in  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  in  the  last  years  of  the  war. 

The  following  lines  written  by  a  member  of  the  regiment 
will  express  the  sentiments  of  the  re-enlisting  volunteers  of 
this  regiment : 

"Farewell  to  home,  farewell  to  kindred; 

We  have  pledged  ourselves  for  three  years  more; 
We  will  each  be  in  at  the  death  of  treason, 

Or  perish  in  the  I3th  Army  Corps." 

Space  will  not  permit  further  allusions  to  the  acts  of  the 
Normal  regiment,  and  we  can  only  refer  to  the  final  muster 
out  of  this  veteran  regiment  on  December  7,  1865. 

The  space  given  in  this  chapter  to  the  33rd  Illinois  Regi- 
ment, is  believed  to  be  deserved  on  account  of  the  prominence 
given  to  the  Normal  regiment  by  the  fact  that  this  regiment 
originated  at  Normal,  but  we  do  not  forget  that  a  very  much 
larger  number  of  students  enlisted  in  other  Illinois  regiments. 
The  records  show  that  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  Normal 
and  Model  School  students  volunteered  in  different  regiments 
from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  war.  The  military  his- 
tory of  all  of  these  is  to  be  found  in  the  State  Adj.  General's 
Reports  and  other  places,  and  it  is  very  much  to  be  regretted 
that  these  military  records,  equally  heroic,  equally  patriotic, 
equally  important,  cannot  be  given  here.  The  fact  that  the 
most  important  volunteering  of  Normal  students  during  the 
war,  occurred  after  the  departure  of  the  33rd  Regiment,  as 
given  in  the  several  lists,  shows  the  value  to  the  institution  of 
having  the  military  records  of  all  of  its  members  available  in 
compact  form.  The  record  of  P.  R.  Walker,  one  of  the  grad- 
uates of  1 86 1,  may  be  taken  as  a  sample  of  these  isolated,  in- 
dividual enlistments,  amounting  to  nearly  eighty  in  all.  He 
taught  school  one  year,  and  when  the  great  call  came  for  vol- 
unteers in  1862,  he  went  into  the  Q2nd  111.  Infantry  and  rose 
to  be  second  Lieutenant  before  the  end  of  the  war. 

When  the  fall  term  of  1861  commenced  it  was  found  that 
the  Normal  University  had  almost  been  broken  up  by  the  war. 


SEMI-CENTENNIAL,  HISTORY 

Even  the  new  students  who  entered  in  the  fall  of  1861  were 
tempted  to  desert  the  Normal  School  and  enlist  in  different 
companies  and  regiments,  though  the  heaviest  enlistment  took 
place  after  the  close  of  that  school  year,  during  the  late  sum- 
mer and  early  autumn  of  1862. 

It  is  a  fact  not  generally  known  that  of  the  young  men  who 
were  members  of  the  three  classes  of  1860,  1861,  and  1862, 
every  one  not  physically  disabled  volunteered  in  the  army,  and 
it  is  believed  that  a  very  similar  condition  existed  among  the 
young  men  who  were  not  graduates.  This  will  show  at  once 
that  the  war  changed  the  membership  of  the  institution  from  a 
fairly  equal  division  between  the  sexes,  into  an  unequal  dis- 
tribution, throwing  the  teaching  profession  almost  entirely  into 
the  hands  of  the  women,  a  condition  which  has  continued  to 
exist  to  the  present.  But  for  the  war,  the  early  graduates 
would  probably  have  given  the  institution  something  of  the 
popular  reputation  which  came  later,  and  no  one  will  ever  be 
able  to  estimate  the  changes  in  Normal's  personnel  and  meth- 
ods caused  by  the  war.  One  thing  is  positively  known,  and 
this  is,  that  the  patriotic  reputation  which  the  institution  gained 
and  which  will  never  be  taken  away,  is  safe, — a  reputation 
of  which  the  whole  state  has  been  proud. 

The  Normal  University  was  placed  temporarily,  as  it  was 
believed,  and  as  it  actually  proved,  under  charge  of  Mr.  Per- 
kins Bass,  of  Chicago,  one  of  the  members  of  the  State  Board 
of  Education.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College,  a 
great  friend  of  Colonel  Hovey  and  of  the  Normal  cause,  and 
he  successfully  carried  the  school  through  the  disorganized 
school  year  which  ended  with  the  summer  term  of  1862. 

The  third  graduating  class  proved  to  be  about  as  large  as 
its  predecessors.  Some  of  its  members  had  remained  only  to 
complete  the  course,  with  the  intention  of  immediately  enlist- 
ing at  the  expiration  of  the  school  year.  Among  this  number 
was  Logan  Holt  Roots,  who  at  once  joined  the  immense  army 
of  new  soldiers  called  out  by  the  call  for  600,000  volunteers  in 
the  summer  of  1862,  the  great  patriotic  year  of  the  war. 

In  the  fall  of  1862,  Pres.  Richard  Edwards  took  charge  of 
the  institution,  and  brought  with  him  a  knowledge  of  Normal 
methods  of  training,  which  has  changed  the  whole  character  of 
the  institution  from  1862  to  the  present  time.  Great  attention 
has  been  given  to  imparting  a  knowledge  of  correct  methods 
of  teaching.  Previous  to  that  date  almost  the  whole  strength 
of  the  teaching  force  had  been  given  to  the  acquirement  of  a 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  29 

most  complete  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subjects  to  be 
taught,  leaving  the  pupils  to  adapt  their  future  methods  of 
teaching  mainly  as  exigencies  and  contingencies  might  con- 
front them  in  actual  experience. 

Higher  mathematics  and  Latin,  which  were  formerly  a 
part  of  the  course,  were  made  optional,  and  enough  work  has 
been  added  to  keep  the  classes  busy,  possibly  more  than  enough 
in  the  opinion  of  the  pupils  themselves. 

Looking  backward,  the  older  graduates  see  how  many  gaps 
were  left  open  in  their  early  education,  and  looking  forward 
they  are  led  to  hope  and  believe  that  the  newly  adopted 
branches  in  the  Normal  course  will  be  well  adapted  to  continue 
to  future  Normal  graduates  that  meed  of  public  approval  which 
has  always  been  so  generously  granted  in  the  past. 


ARMY  LIST 

The  following  named  persons,  formerly  teachers  or  students  in  the 
Normal  University,  were  in  the  Union  army: 

TEACHERS — NORMAI,  DEPARTMENT 

Charles   E.   Hovey Brevet  Major-General,  U.  S.  Vol. 

(a)  Dr.  E.  R.  Roe Lieut.  Col.,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Leander  H.  Potter  Lieut.  Col.,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Ira  Moore Capt.,  Co.  G,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Julien  E.  Bryant Lieut.  Col.,  ist  Miss.,  (C.  V.) 

*Dr.  Saml.  Willard  Surgeon,  g;th  111.  Inf. 

STUDENTS — NORMAI,  DEPARTMENT 

Edward  Allyn   Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Jas.  H.  Beach Private,  Co.  H,  20th  111.  Inf. 

*Wm.  C.  Baker  Ord.  Sergt,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Eugene  F.  Baldwin  Ord.  Sergt.,  Co.  B,  I2th  Ind.  Inf. 

Wm.  A.  Black  Private,  Co.  — ,  8;th  111.  Inf. 

James  H.  Baily Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

(&)  Charles  Bovee Corp.,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

James  M.  Burch  Capt.,  Co.  — ,  94th  111.  Inf. 

Lorenzo  D.  Bovee Private,  Co.  E,  looth  111.  Inf. 

George  M.  Berkley  Corp.,  Co.  C,  I3th  111.  Inf. 

Joseph  M.   Chase Corp.,  Co.  — ,  3d  111.  Cav. 

Wilson   M.   Chalfant Private,  Co.  — ,  iO4th  111.  Inf. 

(c)  Charles  M.  Clark ist  Lieut.,  Qtr.-master,  2d  La.,  (C.V.) 

(</)  Wm.  P.  Carter Corp.,  Co.  C,  4Oth  111.  Inf. 

*J.  W.  Cox  Private,  Co.  C,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Lewis  P.  Cleaveland Ord.  Sergt.,  ist  Ala.,  (C.  V.) 

tPeter   T.   Crist    Private,  Co.  F,  68th  111.  Inf. 

Elmer  F.  Clapp  Private,  Co.  C,  76th  111.  Inf. 

Jesse  Cunningham Private,  Co.  E,  y8th  111.  Inf. 

(?)   Ephraim  D.  Carrothers Sergt.,  Co.  — ,  20th  111.  Inf. 


30  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

John  T.  Curtis Hospital  Steward,  97th  111.  Inf. 

Harvey  J.  Dutton Capt.,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

(0  Wm.  H.  H.  DeBoice Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

(g)   Wm.  Downer  Sergt.,  Co.  E,  ;oth  111.  Inf. 

*Valentine   Denning    Private,  Co.  G,  4th  111.  Cav. 

James  R.  Fyffe   2d  Lieut.,  Co.  A,  334  111.  Inf. 

Wm.  M.  Fyffe  Private,  Vaughn's   Springfield  Bat. 

Wm.  H.  H.  Fuller  ist  Lieut.,  Co.  G,  84th  111.  Inf.  De- 
tailed as  Signal  Officer  on  Gen. 
McCook's  Staff. 

C.  Judson  Gill   Capt.,  Co.  B,  33d  111.  Inf. 

James   Gilbraeth   Private,  Co.  — ,  3d  111.  Cav. 

Aaron  Gove   First  Lieut.  Adjutant,  33d  111.  Inf. 

(h)   Francis  M.  Gastman Corp.,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Wm.  A.  Gunn  Sergt.,  Co.  K,  8th  111.  Inf. 

tCharles  Hayes   Private,  Co.  K,  8th  111.  Inf. 

Peter   Harper    Sergt.,  Co.  G,  4th  Wis.  Inf. 

John  H.  Hume  Corp.,  Co.  — ,  nth  111.  Cav. 

John  M.  House  noth  111.  Inf. 

Otho  H.  Hibbs   Private,  Co.  E,  94th  111.  Inf. 

*Ebenezer  D.  Harris  Corp.,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Charles  E.  Huston  Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Wm.  W.  Hall   Sergt.,  Co.  — ,  nsth  111.  Inf. 

Chas.  D.  Irons  Private,  Co.  — ,  77th  111.  Inf. 

Duncan  G.  Ingraham Corp.,  Co.  B,  33d  111.  Inf. 

'Hiram  W.  Johnson  Sergt,  Co.  E,  8th  111.  Inf. 

(»')   Fred  B.  Jones Private,  Co.  — ,  77th  111.  Inf. 

(/)   Christopher  Krebs  Private,  Co.  B,  8th  111.  Inf. 

John  D.  Kirkpatrick   Private,  Co.  B,  93d  111.  Inf. 

A.  B.  Keagle  ist  Lieut.,  Co.  D,  ii7th  111.  Inf. 

Matthew  R.  Kell   Private,  Co.  D,  49th  111.  Inf. 

Wm.  Law   Com.  Sergt.,  47th  111.  Inf. 

Dr.  Jehu  Little  ist  Asst.  Surgeon,  24th  Mo.  Inf. 

(fe)   Alvin  T.  Lewis.... Corp.,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Clark   Leal    Private,  Co.  A,  n8th  111.  Inf. 

*  Moses  I.  Morgan  Capt,  Co.  B,  33d  111.  Inf. 

(/)  Isaac  N.  McCuddy Corp.,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Joseph  R.  McGregor  •,  Irish  Brigade. 

fGeorge  Marsh   Private,  Co.  K,  69th  111.  Inf. 

Wm.  W.  Murphy  Sergt.,  Co.  — ,  87th  111.  Inf. 

G.   Hyde   Norton   Capt,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

*Marvin  J.  Nye Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Edwin   Philbrook    Quarter-master  Sergt.,  8th  111.  Inf. 

Truman  J.  Pearce  Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

*James  G.  Pearce  Private,  Ottawa  Battery. 

Henry  C.  Prevost  Sergt.  Major,  94th  111.  Inf. 

Edward  M.  Pike  Ord.  Sergt.,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Henry  H.  Pope Capt,  Co.  D,  33d  111.  Inf. 

George  Peter  Ord.  Sergt.,  Co.  A,  43d  111.  Inf. 

Richard  R.  Puffer   Private,  Co.  E,  8th  111.  Inf. 

Orange    Parret    Private,  Co.  B,  77th  111.  Inf. 

Logan  H.  Roots Lieut.  Quarter-master,  8ist  111.  Inf. 

Rasselas  P.  Reynolds   Corp.,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Geo.   McClellan  Rex  Private,  Co.  I,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Thomas  M.  Roberts   ,  Co.  B,  47th  111.  Inf. 

*John  H.  Rhomack   Private,  Co.  G,  68th  Ohio  Inf. 

J.  M.  Stine  Private,  Co.  M,  i6th  111.  Cav. 

f  Justin  S.  Spaulding  Private,  Co.  K,  8th  111.  Inf. 

Gilbert  L.  Seybold  Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  31 

Byron   Sheldon   ,  ,  111.  Inf. 

Samuel  Smith    Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

(w)  Johnson  W.  Straight Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Edwin  Scranton Miss.  Marine  Brigade. 

Frederick  J.  Seybold  ,  ,  111.  Inf. 

fWm.  A.  H.  Tilton Ord.  Sergt.,  68th  111.  Inf. 

John  J.  Taylor  ,  Co.  K,  20th  111.  Inf. 

John  H.  Walker Private,  Co.  E,  s8th  111.  Inf. 

John  X.  Wilson   ist  Lieut.,  Co.  F,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Chas.  E.  Wilcox  .'Sergt.  Major,  33d  111.  Inf. 

James  E.  Willis  Private,  Co.  F,  8;th  111.  Inf. 

Peleg  R.  Walker  26.  Lieut.,  Co.  K,  Q2d  111.  Inf. 

Chas.  W.  Wills  Capt.,  Co.  — ,  iO3d  111.  Inf. 

Theophilus  F.  Willis  Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Wm.   Walton    ,  ,  111.  Inf. 

Cyrus   I.   Wilson    , ,  111.  Inf. 

J.  R.  Walker Capt.,  Co.  — ,  28th  111.  Inf. 

TEACHERS — MODEL   SCHOOL 

(n)  Joseph  G.  Howell ist  Lieut,  Co.  K,  8th  111.  Inf. 

*J.  Howard  Burnham  Capt.  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

STUDENTS — MODEL  SCHOOL 

Franklin  B.  Augustus  Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Joshua   Baily    Ord.  Sergt.,  Co.  B,  73d  111.  Inf. 

fjohn  G.  Dietrich Private,  Co.  — ,  68th  111.  Inf. 

t Joseph  T.  Davison  Sergt.,  Co.  F,  68th  111.  Inf. 

Arthur  H.  Dillon   Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

Ulysses  D.  Eddy ist  Lieut.,  4th  N.  Y.  Art. 

Richard   Huxtable    Private,  Co.  H,  77th  111.  Inf. 

William  Hogue   Private,  Co.  G,  OQth  111.  Inf. 

Jas.   F.   Hough    Private,  Co.  C,  33d  111.  Inf. 

fRobert  McCart   Sergt.,  Co.  G,  68th  111.  Inf. 

Mills    , ,  111.  Inf. 

(0)  William  A.  Pearce Private,  Co.  A,  33d  111.  Inf. 

fEdward  L.  Price  Corp.,  Co.  F,  68th  111.  Inf. 

Myron  J.  Peterson  Private,  Co.  E,  75th  111.  Inf. 

fFrancis  S.  Rearden  Corp.,  Co.  G,  68th  111.  Inf. 

REFERENCES. 

*Resigned  or  honorably  discharged,  on  account  of  continued  ill  health. 
tThree  months'  service. 

(a)  Disabled  by  wounds  at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  resigned. 

(b)  Disabled  by  five  wounds,  and  honorably  discharged. 

(c)  Mortally  wounded  at  Milliken's  Bend,  Louisiana,  June  7, 1363. 

(d)  Disabled  by  wounds  at  Shiloh,  and  honorably  discharged. 
(«)  Killed  at  the  siege  of  Fort  Donelson. 

(/)  Died  in  hospital  at  Ironton,  Missouri,  February,  1862. 

(a)  Died  July  23,  1862. 

(«)  Died  in  camp,  on  Black  River,  Missouri,  March  23, 1862. 

(i)  Reported  killed  at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  May  23,  1863. 

(J)   Disabled  by  wounds  at  Donelson  and  Shiloh,  and  honorably  discharged 

(K)  Killed  at  Wilkinson's  Landing,  Mississippi,  August  4,  1862. 

(J)  Died  in  hospital  at  Ironton,  Missouri,  October,  1861. 

(-/-)  Lost  an  arm  in  battle,  and  returned  to  Normal. 

(n)  Killed  at  the  siege  of  Fort  Donelson. 

(0)  Killed  at  the  battle  of  Jackson,  Mississippi,  July  12, 1863. 

RECAPITULATION 

Commissioned  officers,  27;   non-commissioned  officers,  33;    privates,  45;   rank  un- 
known, 12. 


CHAPTER  III 

THE  GENERAL  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE 

SCHOOL 

BY  PRESIDENT  DAVID  FELMLEY 


It  is  the  purpose  of  this  chapter  to  include  in  one  continuous 
narrative  all  the  leading  strands  in  the  life  of  the  institution, 
but  to  deal  briefly  with  such  topics  as  are  treated  elsewhere  in 
separate  chapters.  Of  the  original  Board  of  Education  only 
John  R.  Eden  of  Sullivan  survives.  They  were  a  remarkable 
body  of  men  selected  from  the  various  sections  of  the  state  be- 
cause of  their  prominence  and  their  interest  in  public  education. 
Ninian  W.  Edwards,  the  former  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction, had  in  1855  drafted  the  bill  establishing  a  free  school 
system;  Supt.  W.  H.  Powell,  the  ex-officio  secretary  of  the 
Board,  had  himself  drawn  the  normal  school  bill;  Samuel  W. 
Monlton,  of  Shelbyville,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  managed 
the  bill  in  the  House ;  Charles  E.  Hovey  had  been  the  aggres- 
sive editor  of  The  Illinois  Teacher;  Simeon  Wright  had  been 
employed  by  the  State  Teachers'  Association  to  canvass  the 
state  in  the  interest  of  free  schools;  George  Bunsen,  of  Belle- 
ville, a  veteran  teacher,  a  pupil  of  Pestalozzi  at  Yverdun,  had 
been  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Education  in  the  Constitu- 
tional Convention  of  1847;  Dr.  George  P.  Rex,  a  highly  edu- 
cated physician  from  New  Jersey,  had  himself  borne  an  honor- 
able part  in  the  establishment  of  the  normal  school  at  Trenton 
in  1850;  W.  H.  Wells,  formerly  principal  of  the  normal  school 
at  Westfield,  Mass.,  was  the  newly-elected  superintendent  of 
the  Chicago  schools.  In  the  new  appointments  of  1859  and  '61 
we  find  Calvin  Goudy,  of  Taylorville;  W.  H.  Green,  of  Me- 
tropolis; and  Joel  S.  Post,  of  Decatur, — the  most  zealous 
champions  of  the  bill  in  the  legislature  of  1857. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY. 

On  the  morning  of  October  5,  1857,  nineteen  students  had 
gathered  in  Major's  Hall  in  Bloomington  to  greet  the  princi- 
pal, Charles  E.  Hovey,  and  his  assistant,  Ira  Moore.  Both 
were  men  of  rare  ability.  The  new  principal  was  so  engrossed 
with  business  cares  that  the  internal  organization  of  the  school 
was  chiefly  due  to  Mr.  Moore.  In  a  few  weeks  they  were 
joined  by  Charlton  W.  Lewis,  later  one  of  the  most  eminent 
scholars  that  America  has  produced ;  Mary  Brooks,  an  accom- 
plished primary  teacher  was  brought  over  from  Peoria  to  take 
charge  of  the  Model  School.  In  the  fall  of  1858  there  was  added 
to  the  faculty  Dr.  Samuel  Willard,  who  still  lives  in  Chicago, 
for  more  than  a  generation  the  most  eminent  teacher  of  history 
in  her  public  schools ;  E.  C.  Hewett,  who  was  destined  to  be- 
come a  mighty  factor  in  the  development  of  the  school,  and 
Joseph  A.  Sewell,  the  accomplished  chemist  and  botanist. 

The  act  creating  the  school  provided  for  the  admission  of 
pupils  by  the  appointment  of  one  from  each  county  (in  1861 
increased  to  two),  the  appointment  to  be  determined  by  com- 
petitive examination.  Not  all  counties  used  their  privilege. 
The  Board  soon  authorized  the  president  to  admit  other  quali- 
fied students.  In  fact,  during  the  whole  history  of  the  school 
no  student  with  fair  qualifications  has  ever  been  denied  ad- 
mission. The  entrance  requirements  at  first  were  low,  the  stu- 
dents usually  ill-prepared ;  but  they  were  earnest,  ambitious, 
self-denying  young  people  of  purpose  and  character.  They 
spent  most  of  their  time  upon  the  common  branches  and  the 
higher  mathematics  with  which  the  course  was  heavily 
weighted.  Laboratories  were  unknown  and  the  libraries  very 
scanty-  In  pedagogy  the  only  available  textbook  was  Page's 
Theory  and  Practice.  Horace  Mann's  Lectures  and  Barnard's 
Journal  of  Education  were  used  for  reference. 


THE  NORMAL  BUILDING 

During  the  three  tedious  years  in  which  the  school  con- 
tinued in  Major's  Hall  the  walls  of  its  permanent  home  were 
slowly  rising  on  the  prairie  to  the  north.  In  June,  1860,  the 
building  was  so  far  completed  that  the  ten  members  of  the  first 
class  delivered  their  graduating  orations  in  the  present  As- 
sembly Room  and  an  elaborate  luncheon  was  served  to  the 
commencement  guests  in  Normal  Hall  above. 

In  September,  altho  mechanics  were  still  at  work,  the 
school  opened  in  the  new  building.  It  was  for  the  time  and  is 


34  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

today  a  noble  edifice.  Its  site,  a  mile  north  of  Sugar  Creek, 
commanded  a  wide  view  over  the  billowy  prairie.  Its  rooms 
were  ample  and  well  adapted  for  their  purpose.  In  the  base- 
ment on  the  south  were  the  rooms  for  the  janitor's  family, 
store  rooms,  the  chemical  laboratory,  and  lecture  room;  on 
the  north,  spacious  play  rooms  for  boys  and  girls,  the  fuel 
room,  and  boiler  room. 

On  the  first  floor  to  the  south  were  spacious  cloak-rooms, 
a  reception  room,  and  the  room  of  the  Board  of  Education ;  on 
the  north,  four  large  school  rooms  for  the  Model  School. 

On  the  second  floor  an  assembly  room  65ft.x75ft.  and 
eight  large  recitation  rooms.  On  the  fourth  floor,  halls  for 
the  literary  societies,  the  art  gallery  and  museum  of  natural 
history,  each  32ft.x48ft,  and  a  lecture  hall  65ft.x75ft. 

The  building  was  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  cornfield  of 
fifty-six  acres ;  a  hundred  more  stretched  off  to  the  west.  The 
first  report  of  the  Board  stated  "should  it  be  thought  advisable 
to  connect  manual  labor  with  the  instruction  given  in  the  school, 
ample  accommodations  will  be  afforded  in  the  extensive 
grounds  connected  with  and  belonging  to  this  institution." 

With  ampler  quarters  new  departments  were  possible.  Jul- 
ien  Bryant,  a  nephew  of  William  Cullen  Bryant,  was  put  in 
charge  of  the  Art  Department.  Chauncey  M.  Cady,  later  busi- 
ness partner  of  the  eminent  composer,  George  F.  Root,  was 
instructor  in  music.  Washington  Irving  Vescellius,  justly 
celebrated  for  his  exposition  of  the  "Shyrographic"  curve, 
gave  lessons  in  penmanship.  Joseph  G.  Howell,  a  brilliant 
graduate  of  the  first  class,  was  placed  over  the  Grammar  De- 
partment, now  added  to  the  Model  School.  The  faculty  now 
consisted  of  ten  members. 

In  January,  1861,  the  building  was  completed  and  dedi- 
cated. The  state  officers  and  legislature  attended.  Governor 
Richard  Yates,  Sr.,  and  Richard  Oglesby  made  the  chief  ad- 
dresses. 

In  the  original  act  it  had  been  provided  that  the  annual  in- 
terest on  the  University  and  Seminary  fund,  $9,754,  should  be 
devoted  to  the  maintenance  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  Uni- 
versity, but  no  provision  was  made  for  the  erection  of  the 
building.  The  subscription  raised  by  Bloomington  consisted  of 

Lands  at  Normal  school  site $  38,000 

Swamp  lands  valued  at 70,000 

Cash   subscriptions    33.5OO 

$141,500 


STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  35 

Some  of  the  last  proved  worthless  and  it  cost  a  good  deal 
to  collect  the  rest.  The  building  had  been  mortgaged  to 
secure  funds  to  complete  it.  For  years  prior  to  1857  the  in- 
terest on  the  University  fund  had  been  accumulating  in  the 
State  treasury.  In  1861  the  legislature  voted  $65,000  of  the 
accrued  interest  to  lift  the  mortgage.  The  remaining  $33- 
957.82  was  added  to  the  principal.  After  that  date  the  fund 
was  $156,554.36;  the  principal  of  the  Seminary  fund  was  $59,- 
838.72 ;  the  annual  interest  of  the  two  amounted  to  a  little  less 
than  $13,000.  With  this  income  and  a  trifling  revenue  from 
rents  and  tuition  the  institution  was  supported  until  1867. 

The  students  in  these  early  days  had  few  amusements.  They 
"worked  hard  and  lived  hard  and  were  poorly  provided  in  all 
things."  Their  parents  "were  sad-faced,  struggling  pioneers 
of  the  prairies,"  but  the  students  were  "cheery,  resolute,  and 
happy  in  their  life  and  work."  The  social  life  in  the  school 
clustered  about  the  two  literary  societies,  the  Philadelphian  and 
Wrightonian,  which  date  from  the  first  year  of  the  school. 
Both  faculty  and  students  threw  their  best  energies  into  these 
societies,  which  for  half  a  century  have  continued  one  of  the 
finest  elements  in  the  life  of  the  school. 


THE  NEW  FACULTY 

At  the  first  red  signal  fires  of  the  war  between  the  States 
an  extraordinary  spiritual  awakening  past  over  our  land. 
It  was  felt  that  the  day  for  debate  and  discussion  had  passed, 
the  time  for  action  had  come.  Patriotism  was  no  longer  a 
rhetorical  figure,  but  a  living  reality.  In  our  higher  schools 
where  our  choice  young  men  were  gathered,  it  was  felt  at  once 
that  no  sacrifice  was  too  great  to  save  the  country.  The  new 
institution  at  Normal  was  no  exception.  Joseph  G.  Howell, 
principal  of  the  Model  School,  responded  to  Lincoln's  first  call 
for  volunteers.  All  the  spring  and  summer  the  students  were 
drilling.  In  the  fall  President  Hovey,  with  most  of  his  faculty 
and  men  students,  went  to  the  front.  Perkins  Bass,  a  member 
of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  took  charge  of  the  institution 
for  the  year  1861-62.  The  unsettled  state  of  affairs  in  Mis- 
souri enabled  the  institution  to  secure  the  services  of  Richard 
Edwards,  principal  of  the  St.  Louis  Normal  School,  who  came 
in  the  spring  of  1862,  and  of  Thomas  Metcalf,  principal  of  the 
St.  Louis  High  School,  who  came  in  September.  At  the  same 
time  came  Albert  Stetson,  a  Harvard  graduate,  to  take  charge 


36  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

of  the  department  of  English.  These  three,  together  with  Ira 
Moore  and  E.  C.  Hewett,  were  graduates  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  Normal  School  in  Bridgewater.  Here  they  had  been  un- 
der the  instruction  of  a  West  Point  graduate,  Nicholas  Tilling- 
hast,  who  by  his  thoroness,  his  accurate  temper,  his  devotion, 
his  fidelity  to  the  truth,  and  his  unsparing  contempt  for  sham, 
for  laziness,  and  frivolity,  stamped  these  sterling  qualities  up- 
on his  students. 

Of  these  five  Bridgewater  men,  Ira  Moore  was  chief  in- 
structor from  1857  to  1 86 1,  Richard  Edwards  was  president 
from  1862  to  1876,  Edwin  C.  Hewett  from  1876  to  1890.  Al- 
bert Stetson  and  Thomas  Metcalf  served  in  the  faculty  twenty- 
five  and  thirty-two  years  respectively.  Most  of  the  other  teach- 
ers were  pupils  of  the  five.  Hence  during  these  years,  1857-90, 
the  institution  underwent  little  change.  Into  all  its  students 
it  breathed  its  peculiar  life  and  that  life  was  the  spirit  of  Til- 
linghast.  The  school  won  a  great  reputation  for  thoroness  in 
the  common  branches.  Every  student  was  expected  to  own  a 
copy  of  Lippincott's  Gazetteer.  He  learned  to  read  with  the 
fervor  of  Dr.  Edwards,  to  pronounce  with  the  precision  of 
Mr.  Metcalf,  to  spell  the  sesquipedalian  terms  of  the  diction- 
aries under  the  leadership  of  Dr.  Hewett. 

The  years  of  President  Edwards'  administration  were  years 
of  steady  growth,  alike  in  financial  resources,  in  attendance,  in 
reputation,  and  in  the  confidence  of  the  people  of  the  state. 
In  1865,  $32,000  was  voted  by  the  legislature  to  pay  off  cer- 
tain old  building  debts.  In  1867,  the  legislature  specifically 
declared  the  Normal  University  to  be  a  state  institution  and 
defined  the  powers  of  the  Board  with  regard  to  the  disposition 
of  its  lands  and  other  property.  In  the  same  year  $3,000  was 
appropriated  for  improving  the  campus  and  $2,500  for  the  Mu- 
seum of  Natural  History. 

THE  CAMPUS 

The  planting  of  the  trees  in  the  campus  was  undertaken 
by  Jesse  W.  Fell  whose  knowledge  of  arboriculture  especially 
fitted  him  for  this  task.  The  plantings  followed  closely  a  plan 
prepared  nine  years  before  by  William  Saunders,  the  eminent 
landscape  gardener  of  Philadelphia,  and  were  designed  to 
combine  the  most  pleasing  landscape  effects  with  such  group- 
ings of  allied  species  as  would  make  the  campus  of  high  value 
to  the  student  of  botany.  Many  large  trees  were  transplanted 


JESSE  W.  FELL 
A  Lover  of  Trees  and  of  All  Good  Things. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  37 

from  the  extensive  private  grounds  of  Mr.  Fell,  so  that  from 
the  first  the  grounds  have  been  notable  for  their  beauty. 

THE  MUSEUM 

This  institution  is  unique  among  normal  schools  in  the  size 
and  value  of  its  Museum  of  Natural  History.  At  the  time  of 
the  founding  of  the  school  there  was  in  Illinois  a  growing  in- 
terest in  natural  science  and  a  wide-spread  belief  that  it  was 
to  do  much  for  the  western  farmer.  Indeed,  one  of  the  chief 
aims  of  the  Normal  University  as  stated  in  the  original  act  was 
"to  impart  instruction  in  the  elements  of  the  natural  sciences 
including  agricultural  chemistry  and  animal  and  vegetable 
physiology."  In  1857  was  organized  the  State  Natural  His- 
tory Society  of  Illinois  which  held  annual  meetings,  published 
papers,  and  accumulated  specimens  to  be  placed  in  the  State 
Normal  University.  After  1869  annual  appropriations  were 
made  for  the  salary  and  expenses  of  the  curator.  The  collec- 
tions grew  until  they  filled  all  available  space.  Many  high 
schools  were  supplied  with  cabinets  of  specimens.  In  1876  the 
collection  was  valued  at  $100,000  and  it  was  repeatedly  de- 
clared that  the  facilities  at  Normal  for  the  study  of  natural  sci- 
ence were  unexcelled  anywhere  in  the  United  States.  It  is 
significant  of  the  changed  emphasis  in  natural  science  that,  at 
that  time,  the  institution  owned  but  one  microscope.  In  1885 
the  surplus  collections  were  removed  to  Springfield  and  Ur- 
bana,  the  latter  city  becoming  the  seat  of  the  State  Laboratory 
of  Natural  History. 

The  successive  curators  were  John  W.  Powell,  the  eminent 
western  explorer,  Dr.  George  Vasey,  the  botanist,  and  Stephen 
A.  Forbes. 

WAR  PRICES 

In  1866  the  Board  voted  that  the  principal  should  there- 
after be  known  as  president,  the  chief  male  teachers,  professors. 
To  enable  them  to  live  in  a  style  appropriate  to  their  new  dig- 
nity, their  annual  salaries  were  advanced  to  $3000  and  $1500 
respectively.  But  the  rapid  rise  of  prices  after  the  Civil  War 
soon  made  these  salaries  inadequate.  In  1869  additional  ap- 
propriations for  ordinary  expenses  began;  full  salaries  were 
advanced  to  $2000.  It  was  found  very  difficult  to  meet  cur- 
rent expenses.  With  wood  at  $7  per  cord  and  coal  at  $3.50 
per  ton,  the  fuel  bills  were  as  great  as  today,  tho  we  now  heat 

1  9  O  C  Q  o 

-1  f*  v?  \J  0  <=, 


38  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

four  buildings.  The  institution  found  itself  in  such  straitened 
circumstances  that  it  in  1869  abandoned  the  practice  of  fur- 
nishing free  textbooks.  Free  stationery  had  been  furnished 
till  1865.  For  library,  apparatus,  and  equipment  scarcely  any 
funds  were  available. 

The  high  cost  of  living  affected  the  attendance.  Four 
dollars  per  week  was  the  minimum  cost  of  board  and  room. 
When  the  institution  was  located  at  north  Bloomington  in 
1857,  there  were  only  a  few  scattered  farm  houses  on  the  four 
square  miles  of  Normal.  Building  soon  began,  but  at  no  time 
before  1875  was  the  supply  of  decent  rooms  equal  to  the  de- 
mand. Students  were  huddled  into  attic  rooms  with  unsuit- 
able stoves  and  few  of  the  comforts  of  life.  Accordingly,  in 
June,  1865,  President  Edwards  advocated  the  erection  of  a 
dormitory  to  accommodate  150  students.  In  his  next  report, 
because  of  the  marked  falling  off  in  attendance,  altho  the  sol- 
diers were  home  from  the  war,  he  advocated  a  subsidy  to  as- 
sist in  the  education  of  prospective  teachers.  Nothing  came 
of  either  recommendation.  In  1867  the  problem  was  attacked 
from  another  quarter.  Dio  Lewis  was  then  in  vogue-  The  ill 
health  of  the  students  after  all  was  due  not  to  the  want  of  suit- 
able rooms  and  board  but  to  the  lack  of  regular  agreeable  ex- 
ercise. The  faculty  submitted  a  memorial  to  the  Board  asking 
$10,000  for  a  gymnasium,  the  same  sum  that  had  been  recently 
expended  at  Harvard  College.  But  no  funds  were  available 
for  any  of  these  projects.  The  legislature  in  1867  established 
the  Illinois  Industrial  University  at  Urbana,  in  1869  the  South- 
ern Normal  at  Carbondale.  Little  could  be  spared  for  the  de- 
velopment of  the  old  school. 


PROSPERITY  AND  ITS   PRICE 

Yet  in  spite  of  these  drawbacks  and  the  temporary  setback 
in  attendance  in  1865,  the  school  steadily  gained.  In  the  early 
seventies  it  was  the  foremost  normal  school  in  the  United 
States  in  resources,  attendance,  and  influence.  Most  of  the 
younger  normal  schools  of  the  west  copied  its  organization  and 
its  course  of  study.  The  teachers  trained  in  its  halls  were  in 
high  demand.  The  southern  portion  of  the  state  sought  and 
obtained  a  similar  institution. 

Yet  this  very  success  created  enemies.  For  years  the  nor- 
mal school  was  bitterly  attacked  in  the  legislature.  The  chief 
charges  were  that  it  was  mainly  a  local  school  for  the  benefit 


IUJNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  39 

of  McLean  county,  and  that  its  students  did  not  teach.  Ac- 
cordingly year  by  year  a  most  thoro  investigation  was  made  to 
ascertain  and  report  the  number  of  former  students  engaged 
in  teaching  arid  the  length  of  service  of  the  various  graduates. 
The  number  of  students  from  McLean  county  enrolled  in  the 
normal  department  never  reached  more  than  one-sixth  of  the 
total,  while  in  some  of  our  younger  normal  schools,  in  their 
earlier  years,  the  home  county  has  furnished  half  the  students. 
Beginning  in  1874  the  institution  in  its  catalog  and  annual  re- 
ports has  published  in  detail  the  roll  of  students  by  counties, 
and  for  twenty-two  years  after  1880,  required  of  McLean 
county  students  a  much  higher  examination  average  as  a  con- 
dition of  admission. 

THE  FACULTY 

The  changes  in  the  faculty  during  the  administration  of 
President  Edwards  were  not  so  frequent  as  in  earlier  years. 
The  two  most  significant  additions  were  John  W.  Cook,  Pro- 
fessor of  Elocution  and  Reading,  and  Henry  McCormick,  Pro- 
fessor of  Geography.  Margaret  E.  Osband,  the  first  precep- 
tress, became  Mrs.  Albert  Stetson  in  1864.  She  was  followed 
by  Emaline  Dryer,  who  served  six  years.  Myra  A.  Osband 
and  Harriet  M.  Case  succeeded.  All  of  these  ladies  taught 
grammar  and  drawing.  In  the  Model  School  no  fewer  than 
twenty-nine  teachers  served  during  this  period. 

In  1862  the  High  School  was  established.  At  its  head  was 
Charles  F.  Childs,  afterwards  principal  of  the  St.  Louis  High 
School.  He  was  a  man  of  rare  power  both  as  a  teacher  and 
disciplinarian.  The  next  year  came  W.  L.  Pillsbury,  a  Har- 
vard graduate,  a  man  of  extensive  and  accurate  scholarship, 
who  afterward  turned  his  scholarly  gifts  to  the  service  of  the 
state  as  Assistant  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  He 
was  succeeded  in  1870  by  Miss  Mary  E.  Horton,  who  after- 
ward became  the  first  professor  of  Greek  in  Wellesley  College. 
In  1871  came  for  two  years,  E.  W.  Coy,  now  principal  of  the 
Hughes  High  School  in  Cincinnati.  Next  came  Lester  L.  Bur- 
rington,  later  principal  of  Dean  Academy  at  Franklin,  Mass. 

The  Grammar  School  as  a  separate  department  was  organ- 
ized in  1866.  In  1867  the  grammar  and  intermediate  grades 
moved  into  a  new  building  just  erected  by  the  town  of  Normal. 
John  W.  Cook  was  the  first  principal.  In  1868  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Joseph  Carter.  Under  the  administration  of  these 
men  the  grammar  school  became  a  popular  and  efficient  insti- 


40  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

tution,  well-graded,  thoroly  organized,  and  marked  by  a  vig- 
orous and  positive  power.  During  Mr.  Carter's  administra- 
tion the  University  ceased  to  exercise  authority  over  the  new 
building  erected  by  the  town  of  Normal. 

Altho  the  Model  School  was  popular  and  well  attended,  it 
was  far  from  satisfactory  to  the  State  Board  of  Education. 
The  instruction  was  largely  by  pupil-teachers  who  received  lit- 
tle regular  supervision.  Accordingly,  in  1874,  Thomas  Met- 
calf  was  made  principal  of  the  Training  Department.  System- 
atic work  in  observation  with  carefully  written  diaries  now 
appeared.  Student-teachers  were  required  to  submit  written 
plans  of  their  proposed  lessons.  The  Normal  school  was  at 
last  discovering  the  true  place  of  the  Training  Department. 

The  attendance  during  the  terms  of  Presidents  Hovey  and 
Edwards  is  shown  by  the  following  table : 

Year  NORMAL  DEPARTMENT  MODEL 

Ending  SCHOOL 

Jnne  Men         Women          Total  Gradu- 

ates 

1858    53  74  127 

1859  No  accurate  data. 

1860  61  61  122  41  10 

1861  84  77  161  123  8 

1862  80  72  152  133  8 

1863  78  127  205  226  7 

1864  104     200     304  279       8 

1865  78     204     282  411       18 

1866  101  169  270  502  15 

1867  121  206  327  580  13 

1868  169  244  413  630  20 

1869  187  268  455  317  20 

1870  160  269  429  328  32 

1871 208  256  464  255  22 

1872      220  24O  460  287  36 

1873    205  232  437  293  24 

1874    208  242  450  316  23 

1875    216  251  467  312  23 

In  the  same  period  the  faculty  had  increased  from  ten  to 
fifteen  members;  the  annual  revenue  had  grown  to  $29,550, 
viz.,  rents  $350;  tuition,  $4,500;  State  Treasury,  $24,700. 

During  this  period  $11,450  had  been  appropriated  by  the 
state  for  furniture,  apparatus,  and  improvement  of  grounds, 
and  $13,000  for  repairs  on  building  and  heating  plant. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  41 

PRESIDENT  HEWETT 

On  January  i,  1876,  President  Edwards  resigned  to  accept 
the  pastorate  of  the  Congregational  church  at  Princeton.  It  is 
difficult  adequately  to  characterize  his  moral  worth,  his  elo- 
quence and  learning,  his  remarkable  vigor,  his  laborious  in- 
dustry in  the  cause  of  education.  Suffice  it  to  say  at  this  point 
that  the  promise  made  in  1862  to  make  this  the  best  normal 
school  on  the  continent  was  abundantly  realized.  Edwin  C, 
Hewett  was  immediately  chosen  to  fill  the  vacancy.  His  ad- 
ministration was  marked  by  no  striking  changes  in  the  life  of 
the  school.  They  were  rather  years  of  steady  development 
and,  at  the  end,  of  rapid  growth  along  established  lines.  His 
administration,  fourteen  years  and  seven  months,  is  the  long- 
est in  the  history  of  the  school. 


THE  FACULTY 

Prof.  John  W.  Cook  was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  math- 
ematics in  which  he  attained  a  brilliant  success.  History  was 
added  to  the  department  of  Professor  McCormick.  Charles 
DeGarmo  became  principal  of  the  Grammar  School;  in  1883 
he  went  to  Germany  for  three  years  of  study.  Upon  his  re- 
turn in  1886  he  became  teacher  of  Modern  Languages  and 
Reading.  Minor  L.  Seymour,  a  very  successful  and  practical 
teacher,  held  the  chair  of  Natural  History  from  1877  till  1888. 
In  that  year  came  Buel  P.  Colton  (1888-1906),  who  had  been 
a  student  under  Brooks  and  Martin  at  Johns  Hopkins,  both 
pupils  of  Huxley.  Under  him  our  science  lost  much  of  its 
bookishness.  Flora  Pennell  (1877-1890)  served  as  assistant 
in  Reading  and  later  as  preceptress.  Edmund  J.  James,  the 
present  brilliant  president  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  upon  his 
return  from  Germany  in  1879,  was  made  principal  of  the  High 
School.  He  held  this  position  for  three  years  and  was  suc- 
ceeded after  a  brief  interval  by  Herbert  J.  Barton  (1883- 
1890),  now  professor  of  Latin  in  the  University  of  Illinois.  It 
is  matter  of  interest  that  the  three  most  successful  teachers  in 
this  position,  Pillsbury,  James,  and  Barton  are  now  in  the  serv- 
ice of  the  State  University.  Mary  Hartmann,  who  is  now 
rounding  out  a  quarter  of  a  century  of  service,  became  assistant 
in  Mathematics  in  1882.  Rudolph  R.  Reeder  was  principal 
of  the  Grammar  School  from  1883  to  1890.  Adella  M.  O. 
Hanna  (Grammar,  1886-94)  and  Lizzie  P.  Swan  (assistant  in 


42  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

Geography  and  History,  1886-92)  were  brilliant  teachers  in 
their  respective  departments.  Richard  D.  Jones  (1887-91), 
now  of  Vanderbilt  University,  infused  new  life  into  the  de- 
partment of  literature.  Clarissa  E.  Ela  began  her  work  in 
drawing  in  1888.  Sixteen  other  teachers  were  appointed  dur- 
ing this  administration. 

THE  FACUIvTY  ClyUB 

The  early  eighties  saw  in  the  United  States  a  marvelous 
awakening  of  interest  in  scientific  pedagogy.  Col.  F.  W. 
Parker  was  the  chief  apostle  of  the  new  movement,  and  Dr. 
William  T.  Harris,  probably  its  greatest  constructive  thinker, 
tho  the  men  had  little  in  common.  At  Normal  the  new  ideas 
found  a  congenial  soil.  With  the  return  of  Dr.  DeGarmo,  sat- 
urated with  German  philosophy,  was  established  a  faculty  club 
for  the  study  of  pedagogical  problems.  There  were  a  number  of 
young  men  in  the  faculty  who  carried  on  the  study  with  great 
ardor  which  has  continued  until  the  present  time.  Under  the 
leadership  of  Presidents  Cook  and  Tompkins,  the  McMurrys, 
and  Dr.  Van  Liew  much  constructive  work  of  high  value  was 
accomplished.  At  other  times  thru  papers  and  discussions  each 
member  of  the  faculty  has  used  the  club  to  acquaint  his  asso- 
ciates with  the  aim  and  method  of  work  in  his  particular  de- 
partment. 

FINANCES 

The  later  seventies  were  years  of  financial  depression  which 
was  severely  felt  by  the  farmers  of  Illinois.  Appropriations 
were  reduced.  F.  K.  Phoenix,  who  rented  the  University 
farm,  became  insolvent.  The  number  of  students  and  conse- 
quent tuition  receipts  fell  off.  The  institution  was  obliged  to 
shorten  sail.  The  utmost  economy  prevailed  in  all  expendi- 
tures. Salaries  were  reduced  an  average  of  ten  per  cent. 

In  1878  the  following  schedule  was  adopted: 

E.  C.  Hewett,  President  $  3150 

Thomas  Metcalf,  Supervisor  of  Training   1800 

Albert  Stetson,  Literature   1800 

John  W.  Cook,  Mathematics  and  Physics  1800 

Henry  McCormick,  History  and  Geography  1800 

S.  A.  Forbes,  Director  of  Laboratory  of  Natural  History 1800 

M.  L.  Seymour,  Natural  Science  1600 

Mrs.  M.  D.  L.  Haynie,  Modern  Languages 900 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  43- 

Miss  Bandusia  Wakefield,  Grammar  and  Arithmetic 630 

Miss  Flora  Pennell,  Reading,  Preceptress  600 

Miss  Rosalie  Miller,  Drawing   600 

Lester  L.  Burrington,  Principal  H.  S 1500 

Charles  DeGarmo,  Principal  Grammar  School 1100 

Miss  A.  G.  Paddock,  Training  Teacher  900 

After  the  great  crop  years,  1879-81,  more  liberal  appropri- 
ations prevailed.  The  former  salary  scale  was  restored  in 
1882.  With  larger  revenues  it  became  possible  to  develop  the 
scientific  equipment  and  the  library,  which  had  remained  nearly 
stationary  for  many  years.  With  the  employment  of  Miss 
Ange  Vernon  Milner  in  1890  to  catalog  and  classify  the  col- 
lections of  books,  the  library  became  a  recognized  department 
of  the  school.  The  story  of  its  development  follows : 


THE   LIBRARY 

On  December  23,  1858,  Mr.  Hovey  reported  the  establish- 
ment and  contents  of  five  different  libraries  and  the  promise  of 
a  sixth.  In  the  progress  of  these  pioneer  libraries,  we  trace 
the  history  of  the  present  one. 

The  five  consisted  of  a  Reference  library  of  94  volumes, 
two  Society  libraries  of  150  volumes  each,  a  Public  Document 
library  of  103  volumes,  and  a  Textbook  library  of  over  2600 
volumes. 

The  Reference  library  was  really  the  foundation  of  our 
present  library.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  it  contained  33 
copies  of  Lippincott's  Universal  Gazetteer. 

The  Society  libraries  rank  next  because  of  their  influence 
upon  the  development  of  library  conditions  in  the  University. 
Each  society  was  presented  with  a  "School  District  Library," 
and  friends  made  further  contributions.  The  lists  included 
choice  books  that  are  still  on  our  shelves. 

The  Public  Document  collection  was  from  Senators  S.  A. 
Douglas  and  Lyman  Trumbull,  and  from  Hon.  Owen  Love- 
joy,  who  made  the  library  a  depository  library.  The  appoint- 
ment continued  until  1861. 

Of  the  extensive  Textbook  library,  more  than  half  had 
been  purchased,  and  free  textbooks  were  supplied  for  use  in 
the  school  rooms  until  about  1870.  Very  few  of  those  old 
textbooks  are  now  in  existence. 

The  sixth  library  was  brought  by  the  Illinois  Natural  His- 
tory Society  in  1860,  and  consisted  of  500  valuable  scientific 


44  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

works.  It  remained  in  the  same  rooms,  constantly  increasing 
in  size  and  value  and  always  open  to  the  school,  for  nearly  a 
quarter  of  a  century. 

In  the  sixties  library  expenditures  were  small;  but  it  was 
during  that  time  that  the  Reference  library  was  established  in 
the  east  hallway  of  the  second  floor.  By  1873  it  numbered 
1,000  volumes,  and  Dr.  Edwards  introduced  student  librarians. 
The  first  to  fill  this  position  were  J.  P.  Hodge,  Emma  J.  Con- 
able,  and  J.  Lawson  Wright. 

In  1877,  Senator  Oglesby  again  appointed  the  library  as  a 
depository  for  public  documents,  and  this  still  continues. 

Dr.  Hewett  made  more  room  by  separating  the  miscellane- 
ous books  from  those  of  a  strictly  reference  character,  and 
placing  them  in  a  class  room  on  the  first  floor.  Here  the  cases 
were  unlocked  after  school,  by  a  student  librarian,  for  three- 
quarters  of  an  hour  a  day.  The  Society  libraries,  now  well 
grown  and  popular,  were  open  once  a  week  at  society  meet- 
ings. By  1885,  the  Natural  History  library  consisted  chiefly 
of  that  part  of  the  former  collection  that  was  adapted  to  the 
requirements  of  the  Normal  University.  The  school  library 
increased  slowly,  heads  of  departments  began  to  ask  for  spe- 
cial appropriations,  and  several  departmental  libraries  devel- 
oped, notably  an  increase  of  the  Natural  History  library  and 
a  choice  collection  for  the  department  of  History  and  Geog- 
raphy. 

At  the  Board  meeting  of  June  26,  1889,  Dr.  Hewett  re- 
ported that  it  was  "The  general  feeling  of  the  faculty  that  the 
library  might  be  much  more  useful  if  we  could  employ  a  per- 
manent librarian."  The  societies  offered  their  libraries  to 
the  University,  if  a  suitable  room  could  be  provided,  a  perma- 
nent librarian  employed,  the  books  cataloged,  and  the  society 
collections  kept  by  themselves.  The  Board  formed  a  library 
committee,  took  the  subject  under  consideration,  and  seven 
months  later  Miss  Milner  was  called  to  catalog  and  classify 
the  library. 

When  Mr.  Cook  was  made  president,  he  promptly  sacrified 
the  comfort  of  the  reception  room  to  the  needs  of  the  library, 
and  it  was  opened  on  September  9,  1890.  It  soon  contained 
4,000  volumes,  including  those  of  the  societies  and  most  of 
the  departmental  libraries,  but  not  the  public  documents.  This 
was  the  beginning  of  the  present  library  system.  Books  were 
classified  and  cataloged.  Library  hours  were  lengthened,  and 
students  were  given  the  freedom  of  the  shelves  and  instruction 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  45 

in  the  use  of  books.  Student  assistants  were  improved  by  se- 
lection and  instruction,  and  in  1891,  Miss  Milner  was  made 
librarian.  During  the  next  few  years  several  gifts  were  re- 
ceived, notably  one  hundred  dollars  for  choice  literature  from 
Mrs.  Young,  ten  dollars  for  biographical  works  from  Dr. 
Taylor,  and  valuable  educational  periodicals  from  Mr.  Met- 
calf's  library. 

While  the  system  remains  the  same,  each  president  has 
improved  it.  Mr.  Cook,  beside  establishing  the  new  order  of 
things,  stood  for  better  housing.  In  1892,  the  library  was 
given  larger  quarters  and  in  1898  it  was  moved  to  the  gymna- 
sium building. 

Mr.  Tompkins  changed  from  students  to  a  trained  assist- 
ant, and  library  funds  became  available  for  library  use  only. 

In  the  last  seven  years  there  has  been  great  progress.  Mr. 
Felmley  is  especially  interested  in  advancing  along  lines  of 
practical  utility.  The  library  contains  valuable  publications  on 
every  subject  in  the  Course  of  Study  and  a  great  deal  beside, 
numbers  18,000  bound  volumes,  9,000  pamphlets,  and  3,000 
pictures,  and  subscribes  for  122  periodicals.  It  is  open  in  the 
daytime  nearly  all  the  year,  and  in  the  evening  during  the  large 
summer  school.  It  has  had  several  exhibits  of  pictures  pre- 
sented by  railroads  and  other  companies  and  illustrating  scen- 
ery and  industries  in  the  northwest,  that  have  been  a  source 
of  much  interest. 

Beside  other  instruction,  the  librarian  gives  semi-annual 
lectures  on  School  Libraries,  and  has  written  a  Normal  School 
Quarterly  on  the  subject.  The  library  is  connected  thru  the 
librarian  with  the  American  Library  Association,  and  the  Illi- 
nois Library  Association. 

For  fifty  years  the  aim  of  the  library  has  been  to  help  fac- 
ulty and  students.  Almost  everyone  connected  with  it  has 
shown  this  interest,  from  the  Board  of  Education  to  the  stu- 
dent assistants.  It  has  constantly  been  developed  and  im- 
proved to  meet  increasing  demands,  and  there  is  abundant  op- 
portunity for  further  improvement  to  provide  for  the  ever 
growing  needs  of  the  institution. 


THE  BAKEWELL  CLAIM 

Among  the  men  suffering  heavy  losses  in  the  financial  de- 
pression of  1873-9  was  Edwin  W.  Bakewell  who,  as  one  of  the 
original  subscribers  of  1857,  had  granted  forty  acres  of  land 


46  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

to  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University.  In  his  original  sub- 
scription he  had  stipulated  that  the  tract  was  to  be  used  as  a 
ground  for  practical  experiments  in  agriculture.  In  1875 
he  requested  the  State  Board  of  Education  to  convey  the  land 
to  his  wife,  Julia  A.  Bakewell,  on  the  ground  that  no  attempt 
had  been  made  to  carry  out  the  conditions  of  the  grant.  The 
Board  of  Education  contended  that  the  original  subscription 
paper  did  not  appear  before  the  Board  in  1857,  but  only  a 
bond  for  a  deed  which  contained  no  such  condition  and  that 
consequently  the  stipulation  regarding  the  teaching  of  agricul- 
ture, being  unknown  to  the  Board,  was  no  part  of  the  contract. 
Besides,  the  Board  claimed  its  want  of  power  to  alienate  prop- 
erty placed  in  its  hands  in  trust.  In  1878  Mr.  Bakewell  insti- 
tuted suit  against  the  Board  but  without  success.  He  then 
took  up  the  matter  with  successive  legislatures  and  was  sup- 
ported by  most  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  Bloomington.  The 
33d  General  Assembly  instructed  the  Board  of  Education  to 
re-convey  the  land  to  Bakewell.  This  the  Board  refused  to 
do,  claiming  that  the  legislature  had  no  jurisdiction  in  the  mat- 
ter. The  next  General  Assembly  placed  an  order  to  restore  the 
land  as  a  rider  upon  the  appropriation  bill.  Later,  the  friends 
of  the  institution  secured  the  re-consideration  of  the  bill  and 
the  removal  of  the  rider.  Finally,  in  1887,  the  Supreme  Court 
decided  the  Normal  University  a  private  institution.  Mr. 
Bakewell  in  1893  petitioned  the  Board  for  a  restoration  of  his 
land.  The  Board  proposed  to  him  to  try  his  case  on  its  merits 
in  any  circuit  court.  This  he  declined.  After  a  full  investiga- 
tion the  Board  decided  that  he  had  no  just  claim,  and  that  it 
could  not  in  the  absence  of  a  judicial  decree  comply  with  his 
request.  Mr.  Bakewell's  final  move  was  to  enjoin  the  treas- 
urer of  the  state  from  paying  any  funds  to  the  Normal  Univer- 
sity on  the  ground  that  it  is  a  private  institution.  By  this  step 
he  evidently  intended  to  coerce  the  Board  into  granting  his 
petition,  or  else  to  put  the  Normal  School  "out  of  business." 
The  Supreme  Court  sustained  the  Normal  University,  holding : 
"Normal  schools  are  public  institutions  which  the  state 
has  a  right  to  establish  and  maintain.  The  purpose  of  their 
establishment  is  to  advance  the  public  school  system  and  create 
a  body  of  teachers  better  qualified  for  the  purpose  of  carrying 
out  the  policy  of  the  state  with  reference  to  free  schools." 


ILLINOIS  STATE)  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  47 

GROWTH  OF  THE  SCHOOL 

Under  President  Hewett  the  income  of  the  institution 
reached  $36,200  as  follows :  Rent  $350,  tuition  $8,350,  State 
appropriation  $27,500.  Four  hundred  dollars  was  received 
from  the  State  for  a  boiler  house;  $5,500  for  extraordinary 
repairs.  The  faculty  increased  from  fifteen  to  eighteen. 

The  growth  in  attendance  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 

NORMAL  DEPARTMENT  MODEL 

Year  SCHOOL 

Ending  Men         Women        Total  Gradu- 

Jtme  ates 

1876 181  223          404  260  20 

1877 191  235  436  22Q  27 

1878 166  281  447  235  25 

1879 150  237  397  252  22 

1880 133  299  438  300  19 

1881  179  302  481  295  23 

1882 172  312  484  288  23 

1883  166  345  511  362  45 

1884 161  328  489  349  24 

1885  156  346  502  352  30 

1886 166  321  487  348  32 

1887  187  392  579  387  38 

l888 202       378       580  390        40 

1889 192     443     635  445      29 

1890 224     453     677  503      44 

In  June,  1890,  upon  the  resignation  of  President  Hewett, 
John  Williston  Cook,  of  the  class  of  1865,  was  elected  his  suc- 
cessor. The  new  president  had  as  student  and  teacher  been 
identified  with  the  school  for  twenty-four  years.  He  had  been 
an  active  institute  worker  and  was  probably  the  best  known 
teacher  in  the  state  of  Illinois.  He  was  withal  a  man  of  extra- 
ordinary ability,  versatile,  scholarly,  and  accomplished,  a  fin- 
ished writer,  an  effective  speaker,  a  man  of  affairs.  He  at 
once  began  with  characteristic  energy  to  bring  to  pass  im- 
provements that  had  been  talked  about  for  a  generation. 

NEW  BUILDINGS 

First  he  secured  the  erection  of  a  Training  School,  80  ft.  x 
85  ft.,  at  a  cost  of  $22,000.  He  next  persuaded  the  Board  to 
sell  the  Jackson  county  lands  and  with  the  proceeds  surrounded 
the  campus  with  a  neat  iron  railing  and  made  many  improve- 


48  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

ments  in  the  old  building.  In  1895  he  was  organizing  the 
alumni  to  raise  funds  for  a  structure  for  society  halls  and 
gymnasium,  when  the  legislature  made  an  appropriation  for  a 
new  building.  This  is  a  beautiful  Gothic  structure  built  of 
Bedford  oolitic  limestone  and  contains  the  gymnasium,  library, 
museum,  and  science  laboratories.  It  was  completed  in  1899 
at  a  cost  of  $61,000. 

A  gymnasium  had  been  recommended  by  President  Ed- 
wards as  early  as  1866  and  at  various  times  there  had  been 
short-lived  attempts  to  introduce  regular  instruction  in  phys- 
ical training.  In  1891  Miss  Lucia  Raines  began  to  give  two 
lessons  per  week  to  the  young  ladies.  The  next  year  came 
Miss  Lucas  (1892-1905),  from  the  Emerson  School  of  Ex- 
pression. She  divided  her  time  between  reading  and  gymnas- 
tics. When  the  gymnasium  was  ready  Mr.  B.  C.  Edwards 
(1896-1903)  came  from  the  same  institution  to  assist  Miss 
Lucas,  and  after  1900  to  take  complete  charge  of  the  physical 
training. 

To  attract  students  from  the  high  schools  President  Cook 
in  1894  instituted  a  two-year  course  open  to  high  school  grad- 
uates. In  1895  was  provided  a  four-year  course  with  Latin 
and  German  for  such  students  as  were  looking  forward  to 
further  work  in  college. 

THE  ABOLITION  OK  THE  HIGH  SCHOOL 

As  a  result  of  this  energetic  policy  the  buildings  were  soon 
badly  crowded.  The  growth  of  the  High  School,  while  an 
occasion  for  pardonable  pride,  was  regarded  with  some  appre- 
hension. In  the  various  colleges  and  universities  where  its 
graduates  had  gone  the  High  School  had  won  a  high  reputa- 
tion, but  it  was  of  little  direct  service  to  the  Normal  School. 
Few  Normal  students  taught  or  even  observed  in  the  High 
School  classes.  It  is  true  that  some  Normal  students  were 
taught  Latin,  Greek  and  German  in  the  High  School  classes 
and  that  the  revenue  from  tuition  of  High  School  students  ex- 
ceeded by  $1,500  the  salaries  paid  the  three  High  School  teach- 
ers, whose  time  was  chiefly  devoted  to  teaching  these  lan- 
guages. On  the  other  hand  44%  of  the  total  instruction  re- 
ceived by  the  High  School  students  was  at  the  hands  of  the 
regular  Normal  teachers  in  science,  literature,  history,  and 
mathematics  whose  classes  were  already  overcrowded,  and 
often  suffered  materially  from  the  addition  of  the  juvenile  ele- 


IUJNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  49 

ment  from  the  High  School.  In  1891  the  Board  raised  the 
tuition  to  $39  per  year  and  limited  the  attendance  to  160.  In 
1894,  when  the  crowded  condition  of  the  institution  was 
brought  to  the  attention  of  Governor  Altgeld,  he  advised  the 
abolition  of  the  High  School,  which  was  ordered  in  June,  1895. 

THE  FACULTY 

President  Cook  was  heartily  supported  in  his  policy  by  the 
young  and  vigorous  faculty  which  he  organized  about  him. 
David  Felmley,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Michigan, 
who  had  taught  with  some  success  at  Carrollton,  Illinois,  was 
called  to  the  chair  of  mathematics  vacated  by  Mr.  Cook.  Frank 
McMurry,  recently  returned  from  Germany,  for  two  years 
exercised  general  supervision  over  the  intermediate  grades. 
In  1892  he  was  followed  by  his  brother,  Charles  A.  McMurry, 
who,  upon  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Metcalf  in  1894,  became  prin- 
cipal of  the  Training  School.  With  one  year's  leave  of  absence 
he  continued  in  this  position  until  1899.  The  subsequent  ca- 
reers of  these  brothers  is  too  well  known  to  need  mention  here. 
Their  work  was  ably  seconded  by  Mrs.  Lida  Brown  McMurry, 
primary  critic  (1891-190x3),  whose  kindly  and  sympathetic 
helpfulness  has  cheered  the  souls  of  hundreds  of  young  teach- 
ers. In  1891,  O.  L.  Manchester,  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth,  be- 
came principal  of  the  High  School.  In  1895  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Normal  Department  as  teacher  of  the  ancient  languages. 
In  1900,  Economics  was  added  to  his  department.  Miss  J.  Rose 
Colby,  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Michigan  and  of  Rad- 
cliffe,  assumed  her  duties  as  preceptress  and  Professor  of 
Literature  in  1892.  Charles  C.  Van  Liew  came  to  us  from  the 
Mankato  Normal  School  in  1894.  In  1897  he  accepted  a  flat- 
tering call  to  Los  Angeles  and  is  now  president  of  the  State 
Normal  School  at  Chico,  Cal.  Manfred  J.  Holmes,  a  Cornell 
graduate,  succeeded  to  the  chair  of  psychology  and  special 
method  in  1897.  Twenty- four  other  teachers  were  appointed 
during  these  nine  years. 

By  the  close  of  President  Cook's  administration  the  fac- 
ulty had  increased  from  eighteen  to  twenty-one  members.  The 
annual  income  of  the  school  had  grown  to  $41,740,  as  follows : 

Rents  $390,  tuition  $6,350,  State  appropriation  $35,000. 
Eighteen  thousand  dollars  was  granted  for  Training  School 
building,  $56,000  for  gymnasium,  $7,000  for  repairs. 


50  SEMI-CENTENNIAL,  HISTORY 

The  attendance  for  the  nine  years  is  exhibited  below : 

NORMAL  DEPARTMENT  MODEL 

Year  SCHOOL 

Ending  Men     Women    Total  Gradu- 

Jnne  uates 

1891  207  445  653  484  40 

1892  224  464  688  540  56 

1893  199  447  646  491  52 

1894 206  514  720  449  54 

1895 227  494  721  487  55 

1896 231  558  789  257  59 

1897  247  579  826  212  39 

1898 292  599  891  205  52 

1899  247  593  840  211  85 

A  NEW  REGIME 

In  1899  the  Eastern  and  Northern  State  Normal  Schools 
that  had  been  four  years  in  building  opened  their  doors.  Presi- 
dent Cook  was  called  to  the  presidency  of  the  school  at  DeKalb. 
He  took  with  him  C.  A.  McMurry  and  Mary  R.  Potter.  The 
Board  of  Education  called  to  the  presidency  Dr.  Arnold  Tomp- 
kins,  Professor  of  Education  in  the  University  of  Illinois.  He 
had  taught  at  DePauw  and  Terre  Haute,  and  had  distinguished 
himself  as  a  brilliant  writer  and  speaker  upon  educational 
themes.  He  brought  into  the  school  an  element  of  consecra- 
tion to  duty,  a  singleness  of  purpose,  a  faith  in  human  nature, 
a  breadth  of  philosophy,  and  withal  a  fund  of  humor  breezy, 
fresh,  invigorating,  whose  tonic  effects  were  felt  in  every  class 
room.  Not  that  these  elements  were  not  already  in  the  life 
of  the  institution — but  they  received  a  fresh  emphasis,  the 
stimulation  of  a  mighty  impulse  from  a  new  and  original 
source. 

Dr.  Tompkins  at  once  moved  to  modify  the  course  of 
study.  No  year  in  the  history  of  the  institution  witnessed 
more  radical  changes.  The  recitation  periods  were  lengthened, 
and  the  number  of  permitted  recitations  reduced  to  twenty  per 
week.  More  freedom  appeared  in  the  school  life.  Attendance 
was  demanded  only  at  recitations  and  at  general  exercises. 
Spelling  ceased  to  vex  the  soul  of  the  student  whose  sense  of 
uniformity  and  whose  abiding  faith  in  the  reign  of  law  are 
constantly  violated  by  the  absurdities  of  the  English  tongue. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  51 

The  course  was  made  flexible  to  adapt  it  to  students  of  differ- 
ing degrees  of  preparation-  Natural  science  at  last  was  given 
a  place  in  the  first  year  of  the  course.  A  six  weeks'  summer 
school  was  attended  by  444  students. 

PRESIDENT  EELMLEY 

At  the  end  of  the  year  Dr.  Tompkins  was  called  to  the  prin- 
cipalship  of  the  Chicago  Normal  School,  a  position  made  il- 
lustrious by  Colonel  F.  W.  Parker.  The  opportunities  offered 
him  were  so  attractive  that  he  reluctantly  gave  up  his  work  at 
Normal.  David  Felmley  was  chosen  president  in  his  stead. 

During  the  seven  years  of  the  present  administration  there 
has  been  a  steady  purpose  to  develop  the  school  along  the  lines 
planned  by  Dr.  Tompkins.  The  increasing  liberality  of  the 
legislature  has  made  possible  the  establishment  of  new  depart- 
ments and  the  devlopment  of  the  old. 

In  1901  regular  courses  in  music,  including  glee  club  and 
chorus  practice,  were  organized.  Prof.  Frank  W.  Westhoff,  of 
Decatur,  was  placed  in  charge.  In  the  same  year  Miss  Ches- 
tine  Gowdy,  of  Minneapolis,  and  George  H.  Howe,  ex-presi- 
dent of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Warrensburg,  Mo.,  took 
charge  of  the  grammar  and  mathematics.  The  geography  was 
placed  in  charge  of  Miss  Mary  Judson  Averett  ( 1901-04),  and 
later  of  D.  C.  Ridgley,  of  Chicago.  The  kindergarten,  nomi- 
nally established  in  1898,  became  a  reality  in  1902,  when  Miss 
Caroleen  Robinson,  of  Saginaw,  began  work  with  a  flock  of 
forty.  About  eight  young  women  per  term  have  served  as  as- 
sistants. In  1903,  Mr.  William  T.  Bawden,  of  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, began  his  work  in  manual  training  and  mechanical 
drawing.  The  department  has  proved  very  successful  and 
popular.  In  the  same  year  with  the  retirement  of  Mr.  B.  C. 
Edwards,  Miss  Mabel  Cummings  introduced  the  Swedish  Sys- 
tem of  Gymnastics.  Now  four  exercises  per  week  are  required 
of  all  first  year  students. 

INSTRUCTION  IN  AGRICULTURE 

Two  terms  of  elementary  science  for  all  first-year  students 
in  the  four-year  course  began  in  1900.  Beginning  in  1902  a 
school  garden  of  two  and  one-third  acres  has  been  planted  an- 


52  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

nually  by  the  students  and  pupils  of  the  Model  School.  In 
1904  the  institution  secured  Bruno  Nehrling  from  the  Missouri 
Botanical  Gardens.  A  greenhouse  completed  in  December, 
1905,  is  a  valuable  part  of  the  equipment-  A  distinctly  agri- 
cultural and  horticultural  coloring  is  now  given  to  the  work 
in  elementary  science. 

THE  CAMPUS 

After  the  original  planting  of  the  campus  by  Jesse  Fell  in 
1867-68,  little  was  done  for  many  years  except  to  plant  class- 
trees,  mow  the  grass,  and  remove  dead  or  broken  trees.  In 
1894  there  was  begun  a  systematic  trimming  of  the  trees.  Use- 
less specimens  were  removed.  Considerable  damage  was  done 
thru  the  ignorance  of  workmen  who  removed  some  rare  speci- 
mens and  trimmed  the  evergreens  too  freely.  In  1901  810 
trees  remained.  On  the  night  of  June  10,  1902,  a  violent 
storm  of  wind  and  rain  wrought  great  damage-  Nearly 
100  trees  were  totally  destroyed,  and  one-half  of  the 
remainder  were  seriously  injured.  The  next  year  several  hun- 
dred trees  were  planted.  In  1905  the  buildings  were  flanked 
by  shrubbery.  In  the  same  year  the  old  pond,  originally  ex- 
cavated by  Jesse  Fell,  was  deepened,  lined  with  cement,  and 
converted  into  an  aquatic  garden. 

During  the  past  eight  years  the  number  of  teachers  has  in- 
creased from  21  to  30,  not  counting  nineteen  extra  teachers 
employed  in  the  summer  school. 

The  annual  income  in  1906-07  reached  $66,575,  as  fol- 
lows :  Rents,  $675  ;  tuition,  $4,650 ;  State  appropriation,  $61,- 
300.  The  State  has  appropriated  for  a  greenhouse  $5,500,  for 
apparatus  and  improvement  of  grounds,  $11,850;  for  repairs, 
$10,160. 

The  attendance  is  shown  in  the  following  table : 

NORMAL  DEPARTMENT  SUMMER      MODEL 

Gradu- 
ates 

69 
61 
81 
68 

53 
48 
68 
92 


Year 
Ending 

IQOO    

Men 

180 

Women 

42O 

Total 
6oO 

SCHOOL 

AAA 

SCHOO 

TCC 

1901     

.      T/M 

428 

C72 

xJC-J 

16^ 

1902    , 

.   IDS 

420 

^4 

601 

487 

1903    

112 

108 

CTO 

629 

CO/1 

1904    

8? 

•JOT 

•?86 

e76 

190=;    . 

,  .                          I  O2 

•*o6 

408 

916 

1906     

.    no 

•3/M 

463 

IOOO 

481; 

IQ07    . 

.   mo 

4IO 

s6o 

^7O 

ILJJNOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  53 

THE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 

In  all,  104  men  have  served  upon  the  Board  of  Education 
of  the  State  of  Illinois.  Many  of  them  have  rarely  missed  a 
meeting.  Successive  governors  have  re-appointed  the  more 
devoted  members.  Judge  W.  H.  Green  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  for  forty-one  years,  E-  A.  Gastman  has  served  36  years, 
P.  R.  Walker,  24  years,  Mrs.  Ella  F.  Young,  18  years,  and 
others  for  terms  of  nearly  equal  length.  S.  W.  Moulton,  one 
of  the  original  fifteen,  was  president  of  the  Board  until  1876. 
Other  presidents  were  B.  G.  Roots,  the  veteran  educator  of 
Southern  Illinois,  1879-83,  George  Rowland,  superintendent 
of  the  Chicago  schools,  1883-87;  W.  H.  Green,  1877-79  and 
1889-1902;  E.  A.  Gastman,  1887-89  and  1902-1907.  The 
Register  at  the  end  of  this  volume  sets  forth  the  entire  list. 


CHAPTER  IV 
THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  COURSE 

OF  STUDY 

BY  PRESIDENT  DAVID  FELMLEY 


In  the  development  of  the  course  of  study  of  the  American 
Normal  schools  can  be  read  the  history  of  educational  progress 
in  the  United  States.  Their  curricula  have  grown  in  obedience 
to  a  conscious  purpose  to  meet  the  demands  upon  teachers. 
They  have  been  the  chief  agencies  in  developing  and  dissemin- 
ating a  rational  art  of  teaching.  Our  periodicals  and  books 
dealing  with  questions  of  pedagogy  have  either  originated  in 
normal  schools  or  have  found  their  largest  market  among 
teachers  touched  by  their  influence. 

The  early  normal  schools  were  headed  by  great  teachers, 
such  men  as  Cyrus  Pierce,  Nicholas  Tillinghast,  and  David  P. 
Page.  Their  atmosphere  was  full  of  consecration  and  enthusi- 
asm. Their  method  was  the  method  of  the  text-book.  Their 
spirit  was  the  spirit  of  hard  work.  Their  classes  in  "didactics" 
were  chiefly  busied  with  questions  in  school  management,  in- 
centives to  study,  moral  training,  and  the  responsibilities  of 
the  teacher.  Their  mental  philosophy  was  a  barren  a  priori 
metaphysics,  having  little  in  common  with  modern  educational 
psychology.  Their  pedagogical  philosophy  was  to  split  the 
knot  by  repeated  hard  blows  rather  than  by  studying  the  grain 
of  the  wood. 

The  Illinois  State  Normal  University  was  a  scion  of  the 
same  stock  as  the  early  schools  of  Massachusetts  and  New 
York ;  altho  planted  in  the  free,  vigorous,  aspiring  life  of  the 
west,  it  grew  along  the  same  lines.  Whatever  peculiar  excel- 
lence it  developed  was  due  rather  to  the  personal  power  of  its 
teachers  and  the  energy  and  devotion  of  its  students  than  to 
any  superiority  in  its  course  of  study  or  its  methods  of  in- 
struction. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  55 

The  course  of  study  pursued  by  the  127  students  who  en- 
rolled during  the  first  year  was,  to  quote  the  words  of  Presi- 
dent Hovey,  "in  theory  a  review  of  the  branches  usually  taught 
in  the  public  schools,  but  in  practice  it  amounted  to  almost  an 
original  investigation.  At  first  came  a  drill  on  the  elementary 
sounds  of  the  English  language  followed  by  reading  and  a 
careful  examination  of  the  thought  and  expression  of  the 
author.  Parallel  with  this  ran  the  course  in  mental  and  written 
arithmetic;  the  construction  of  maps;  descriptive,  physical, 
and  political  geography;  English  grammar;  physiology;  vo- 
cal music ;  and  the  theory  and  art  of  teaching.  The  text-books 
furnished  were  entirely  inadequate.  Gazettes  and  dictionaries 
supplied  the  defects." 

This  course  was  the  ideal  public  school  course  of  the  day. 
History  had  as  yet  found  a  place  in  few  public  schools.  The 
prominence  given  to  physiology  reflects  the  influence  of  George 
Combe,  Horace  Mann,  and  other  phrenologists.  Vocal  music 
owed  its  high  place  to  Lowell  Mason,  then  at  the  zenith  of  his 
reputation. 

Some  students  and  many  friends  outside  were  chafing  be- 
cause the  "higher  branches"  did  not  find  an  immediate  place. 
The  faculty  moved  slowly  and  not  until  the  first  class  was 
ready  for  graduation  in  1860  was  the  course  of  study  adopted 
and  published.  This  course,  which  continued  in  its  main  fea- 
tures unchanged  for  forty  years,  is  outlined  on  page  56.  The 
course  in  metaphysics  was  made  the  basis  of  instruction  in  the 
theory  and  art  of  teaching.  Little  time  was  afforded  for  prac- 
tice teaching.  Juniors  and  seniors  spent  some  time  in  obser- 
vation and  occasionally  taught  model  lessons  in  the  assembly 
room  in  the  presence  of  the  entire  faculty  and  student  body. 

The  course  in  English  included  two  terms  of  reading, 
grammar  and  rhetoric,  and  one  in  the  history  of  English  liter- 
ature. Orthography  assumed  a  leading  position  and  especial 
attention  was  bestowed  upon  it.  Mathematics  was  popularly 
regarded  as  superior  to  all  other  studies  for  its  "disciplinary" 
value ;  and  as  "mental  discipline"  was  held  to  be  the  chief  end 
of  education,  it  received  large  attention.  Bookkeeping  was  the 
"finishing"  study  in  this  department.  In  geography  great  at- 
tention was  paid  to  map-drawing  from  memory,  and  to  the 
philosophy  of  continental  relief  promulgated  by  Guyot.  Guyot's 
Earth  and  Man  was  used  as  a  text-book  "not  because  it  con- 
tains more  facts  than  any  other  book  on  the  subject  nor  because 
those  facts  are  better  arranged ;  but  because  no  other  author, 


56 


SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 


COURSE  OF  STUDY 


TABULAR  VIEW 


Metaphysics 

Hist,  and  Methods  Education 
Const,  of  U.  S.  and  Illinois. . 
School  Laws  of  Illinois . . . 

English  Language , 

Arithmetic 

Algebra 

Geometry 

Natural  Philosophy 

Bookkeeping 

Geography 

History 

Astronomy 

Chemistry 

Botany 

Physiology 

Zoology 

Vocal  Music 

Writing  and  Drawing , 

Latin  Language 

Algebra 

Higher  Mathematics , 


IST  YEAR 


2o  YEAR 


3D  YEAR 


8 


Terms 


15 

52 
13 
12 

93 
28 
12 
27 
15 
12 
40 
28 
13 

13 
12 
15 

12 

28 

28 
80 
15 
25 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  57 

so  far  as  we  know,  has  so  happily  pointed  out  the  grand  de- 
signs which  the  earth  exhibits  in  relation  to  man  as  the  prime 
object  of  creation." 

The  course  in  vocal  music  was  very  ambitious,  running 
thru  nine  terms  and  including  oratorio  and  solo  singing,  har- 
mony and  musical  composition,  but  there  is  no  evidence  that 
the  entire  course  was  ever  taught. 

The  attention  given  to  the  natural  sciences  was  largely  be- 
cause of  the  clause  in  the  charter  requiring  instruction  in  "the 
elements  of  the  natural  sciences,  including  agricultural  chem- 
istry, animal  and  vegetable  -physiology."  It  is  a  question 
whether  faculty  or  board  were  fully  persuaded  of  the  real  value 
of  these  studies.  They  were  postponed  to  the  latter  part  of  the 
course.  Chemistry  preceded  the  others  from  a  belief  that  it 
would  solve  the  problems  of  animal  and  vegetable  physiology. 
Zoology  was  put  at  the  end  of  the  senior  year;  later  it  was 
made  an  elective ;  some  years  it  was  not  taught  at  all. 

Changes  in  this  course  were  gradual.  In  1862,  when  it 
was  realized  that  three-fourths  of  the  students  stop  to  teach 
at  the  end  of  the  first  year,  a  term  of  practical  pedagogy  was 
introduced  in  the  first  year's  work.  Guyot's  Earth  and  Man, 
hitherto  found  too  philosophical  for  immature  students,  was 
transferred  to  the  last  term  of  the  second  year.  The  two  terms 
of  geometry  were  made  consecutive. 

With  the  growth  of  the  Model  School  after  1860,  a  high 
school  department  was  gradually  developed  in  which  thoro  in- 
struction was  afforded  in  Latin  and  Greek  for  young  people 
desiring  to  prepare  for  college.  Normal  students  were  admit- 
ted to  these  classes  in  the  ancient  languages. 

Until  1868  the  Model  School  received  all  children  resident 
in  the  growing  village  of  Normal.  The  paid  teachers  in  the 
Model  School  not  being  able  to  instruct  all  the  classes,  there 
was  a  steady  increase  in  the  amount  of  practice  teaching  re- 
quired of  seniors.  In  1867  four  terms  of  practice  teaching 
were  formally  introduced  into  the  course  of  study,  altho  the 
students  could  receive  very  little  supervision.  The  course  in 
history  and  methods  of  education  was  reduced  to  two  terms. 
The  two  terms  of  reading  were  placed  in  the  first  year.  Spell- 
ing took  its  place  as  a  regular  study  during  the  whole  of  the 
first  year.  The  second  term  of  rhetoric  gave  way  to  a  critical 
study  of  English  poetry.  One  term  each  of  algebra^  geometry, 
and  trigonometry  was  taught  in  the  junior  year.  The  draw- 
ing was  reduced  to  two  terms.  The  term  of  United  States 


58  SEMI-CENTENNIAL,  HISTORY 

History  found  a  place  in  the  first  year.  Vocal  music  was  no 
longer  taught. 

In  1867  the  legislature  began  to  appropriate  funds  for  the 
State  Museum  of  Natural  History.  The  learned  botanist,  Dr. 
Vasey,  was  placed  in  charge.  Three  thousand  dollars  were 
spent  in  planting  trees  upon  the  campus.  To  turn  the  attention 
of  students  towards  this  field,  every  senior  was  required  to 
prepare  a  paper  based  upon  original  investigation  of  some 
feature  of  the  natural  history  of  the  region  where  the  student 
resided. 

Yet  during  all  these  early  years  the  institution  was  devot- 
ing its  best  energies  to  the  common  branches,  the  majority  of 
the  students  studied  nothing  else.  Emphasis  was  laid  upon 
thoroness.  The  method  and  the  discipline  were  the  chief 
things. 

During  the  next  thirty  years  the  course  remained  compara- 
tively stable, — the  modifications  introduced  were  to  accom- 
plish five  ends : 

1.  To  give  recognition  to  natural  science  as  an  essential 
part  of  the  public  school  course. 

2.  To  give  purpose  and  definiteness  to  the  work  of  the 
training  department. 

3.  To   develop   a  consistent   educational  philosophy  that 
might  serve  as  a  rational  basis  for  method. 

4.  To  give  drawing,  music,  and  physical  training  their 
proper  place  in  the  course. 

5.  To  develop  a  shorter  course  for  advanced  students  and 
thus  increase  the  number  of  graduates. 

Changes  came  slowly,  and  frequently  in  obedience  to  pres- 
sure from  the  board,  or  as  a  result  of  agitation  by  a  minority 
of  that  body. 

In  1872,  by  act  of  the  legislature,  a  knowledge  of  the  ele- 
ments of  the  natural  sciences  was  made  a  requirement  for 
teachers'  certificates,  but  this  act  did  not  immediately  affect  the 
normal  course.  Physics,  physiology,  and  zoology  were  still  re- 
served for  the  senior  class  comprising  scarcely  one-twentieth 
of  the  students.  Optional  short  courses  without  credit  were 
provided  for  such  as  must  qualify  for  teachers'  examinations. 

In  1874,  because  of  the  vigorous  agitation  by  Stephen  A. 
Forbes,  who  had  succeeded  J.  W.  Powell  in  the  curatorship 
of  the  State  Museum,  provision  was  made  for  special  students 
in  zoology  and  botany.  Summer  schools  were  organized  for 


HON.  NEWTON  BATEMAN 
1859-1875- 


HON.   S.  W.  AlouLTON 
1857-1881. 


ENOCH    A.    GASTMAN  BENAIAH  G.  ROOTS 

1871-1907.  1865-1888. 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  STATE  BOARD  OK  EDUCATION 

These  four  men  rendered  ninety-nine  years  of  devoted  service  to  the 
Illinois  State  Normal  University 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  59 

such  students,  and  the  gradual  accumulation  of  museum  ma- 
terial made  this  school  one  of  the  best  in  the  country  for  ad- 
vanced work  in  natural  science.  But  Mr.  Forbes  got  scant 
audience  for  his  plea  that  zoology  be  put  early  in  the  course 
that  students  might  teach  it  in  the  Model  School.  In  1884 
Professor  Seymour  himself  taught  the  elements  of  zoology  in 
the  Model  School.  In  1887  astronomy  was  made  an  elective 
study;  a  second  term  was  added  to  physics.  In  1889  chem- 
istry was  put  in  the  eighth  term  and  zoology  in  the  fourth. 
With  the  advent  of  Professor  Colton  the  course  was  largely 
changed.  The  details  of  classification  and  text-book  nomen- 
clature was  largely  abandoned.  Emphasis  was  placed  upon  the 
first  hand  study  of  structure  and  adaptation. 

In  1874  came  renewed  interest  in  the  strictly  professional 
work  of  the  Normal  School.  Professor  Metcalf  was  made 
head  of  the  training  department,  and  for  the  first  time  the 
pupil  teachers  were  brought  under  regular  supervision.  The 
students  due  in  teaching  were  arranged  in  pairs.  The  pair  as- 
signed to  a  class  taught  six  weeks  each,  the  other  observing 
daily  and  recording  her  criticism  in  a  diary  for  the  perusal  of 
the  teacher. 

In  1877,  in  response  to  the  growing  interest  in  primary 
methods,  a  term  of  primary  observation  was  required  of  all 
entering  students.  Miss  Amanda  G.  Paddock,  a  primary 
teacher  of  high  reputation  and  of  extensive  experience  in  the 
normal  schools  at  Englewood  and  Terre  Haute,  was  put  in 
charge  of  the  primary  department. 

During  the  eighties  Charles  DeGarmo  and  Rudolph  Reeder. 
while  serving  as  principals  of  the  grammar  school,  gradually 
assumed  the  functions  of  critic  teachers.  In  1888,  Miss  Ruth 
Morris,  then  the  primary  training  teacher,  was  accorded  an 
assistant.  In  1892  Frank  McMurry  was  set  over  the  lower 
grades  and  with  the  retirement  of  Professor  Metcalf  in  1894, 
the  training  department  was  reorganized  under  Charles  A. 
McMurry  and  three  assistant  critic  teachers. 

In  1874  Rosenkranz's  Pedagogics  was  adopted  as  a  text- 
book, to  remain  for  twenty-eight  years,  in  spite  of  the  attacks 
of  members  of  the  board  and  the  ridicule  of  students.  In  com- 
parison with  it  our  American  treatises  were  condemned  by 
President  Edwards  as  generally  shallow.  So  far  as  shallow- 
ness  contributes  to  "seeing  bottom"  in  the  pool  we  shall  agree. 

In  the  early  eighties  the  air  was  full  of  talk  of  the  "new 
education."  In  January,  1881,  had  appeared  in  the  North 
American  Reviezv  the  article  by  John  Quincy  Adams,  Jr.,  de- 


60  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

scribing  the  revolution  in  the  Quincy  schools  under  the  admin- 
istration of  Colonel  Parker.  Quincy  became  the  Mecca  of 
every  restless  teacher,  "Quincy  methods"  a  phrase  to  conjure 
with.  The  permanent  result  was  a  quickened  interest  in  teach- 
ing as  a  rational  art.  In  the  normal  schools  it  meant  a  larger 
attention  to  the  so-called  "strictly  professional"  work.  A  feel- 
ing of  unrest  appeared  in  the  faculty  at  Normal.  Charles  De- 
Garmo  and  Julia  Kennedy  resigned  their  positions  to  study  in 
Germany. 

In  1884  Dr.  Hewett  published  his  lectures  on  Theory  and 
Practice.  The  seniors  were  required  to  spend  an  extra  two 
hours  per  week  in  illustrative  teaching  and  the  study  of  peda- 
gogical literature.  Professors  Cook,  Seymour,  and  McCor- 
mick  personally  conducted  primary  classes  in  the  Model 
School.  Other  professors  accompanied  the  county  superintend- 
ent on  his  round  of  visitation  in  the  country  schools. 

In  1886  the  Board  of  Education  adopted  a  report  demand- 
ing that  more  of  the  faculty  superintend  the  work  of  the  train- 
ing school  and  that  the  academic  work  be  subordinated  to  the 
training  school. 

In  the  fall  of  1886  the  return  of  Charles  DeGarmo  from 
Germany  brought  an  accession  of  professional  enthusiasm.  A 
faculty  club  was  organized  meeting  once  in  two  weeks.  Sev- 
eral meetings  were  given  to  proposed  changes  in  the  course 
of  study.  At  every  meeting  of  the  board  resolutions  were 
introduced  looking  to  radical  changes.  These  resolutions  pro- 
posed to  drop  Rosenkranz'  Pedagogics,  to  double  the  amount 
of  practice  teaching,  to  double  the  time  devoted  to  reading, 
grammar,  and  arithmetic,  to  cut  in  two  the  time  devoted  to 
geography  and  spelling,  to  make  astronomy,  chemistry,  zool- 
ogy, spherical  trigonometry,  and  English  literature  elective 
studies.  Little  came  of  the  agitation  at  that  time.  An  elemen- 
tary course  in  methods  of  teaching,  two  hours  per  week,  was 
put  into  the  first  term  and  the  primary  observation  was  deferred 
to  the  second  term.-  The  time  devoted  to  spelling  was  lim- 
ited to  ten  minutes  each  day. 

With  the  election  of  President  Cook  came  further  develop- 
ments. The  two-hour  course  in  elements  became  a  brief  ex- 
amination of  the  principles  of  the  great  educational  reformers. 
The  "Observation"  of  the  second  term  and  the  Theory  and 
Practice  of  the  third  term  came  to  be  studies  of  the  special 
method  of  reading,  geography,  history,  and  science.  An  ad- 
ditional course  of  psychology  was  put  into  the  fourth  term.  In 
the  senior  year  the  old  illustrative  work  was  increased  to  three 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  61 

hours  per  week,  while  a  five-hour  course  of  Dewey  and  Rosen- 
kranz  was  continued  thruout  the  year. 

Altho  drawing  found  an  early  place  in  the  course  the  work 
was  dominated  by  the  formalism  of  the  day.  On  several  oc- 
casions the  committee  on  course  of  study  reported  the  drawing 
"in  an  unsatisfactory  condition."  It  was  shifted  about  from 
term  to  term  in  its  struggles  to  obtain  a  place  early  in  the 
course,  until  finally  President  Cook  solved  the  problem  by  pro- 
viding six  successive  two-hour  courses  in  construction  draw- 
ing, free-hand  perspective,  color,  history  of  art,  light  and 
shade,  and  sketching  running  thru  the  first  two  years.  To 
make  room  for  these  ten  per  cent  was  deducted  from  the  time 
of  all  other  studies. 

Singing,  which  had  quite  vanished  from  the  course  in  the 
early  sixties,  received  scant  recognition  before  1899.  Mere  at- 
tendance at  twenty  lessons  usually  undertaken  as  a  "side  line" 
by  some  member  of  the  regular  faculty  measured  the  require- 
ment in  the  best  days  of  the  school. 

Altho  marching  exercises  and  "rhythmic  movements"  had 
occasionally  found  brief  place  in  the  program,  not  until  1891 
was  provision  made  for  regular  instruction  in  physical  train- 
ing. With  the  completion  of  the  gymnasium  in  1896  two  in- 
structors were  provided  for  reading  and  gymnastics,  the  latter 
including  two  exercises  per  week  for  four  terms. 

During  the  administrations  of  Presidents  Edwards  and 
Hewett  the  question  of  a  shorter  course  was  frequently  dis- 
cussed. The  small  number  of  graduates,  never  reaching  eight 
per  cent  of  the  enrollment,  was  a  cause  of  frequent  criticism. 
Accordingly  in  1878  a  one-year  advanced  course  was  offered 
to  holders  of  first-grade  certificates ;  but  nobody  came.  Ten 
years  later  President  Hewett  reported  a  plan  for  a  one-year 
professional  course  consisting  largely  of  lectures.  The  lectures 
were  given  to  audiences  of  the  faculty  and  a  few  seniors  but 
no  special  students  enrolled  for  the  advanced  course.  In  1894 
there  was  established  for  graduates  of  accredited  high  schools 
a  two-year  course  containing  all  the  professional  work  of  the 
three-year  course.  About  half  the  so-called  academic  work 
was  omitted.  No  separate  classes  were  provided.  The  next 
year  owing  to  the  abolition  of  the  high  school,  a  four-year 
course  was  offered  in  which  eighteen  credits  of  Latin,  Greek, 
or  German,  were  substituted  for  six  credits  chiefly  in  the  com- 
mon branches.  Both  of  these  courses  proved  popular. 

In  1899  the  retirement  of  President  Cook  marked  the  close 
of  what  may  be  called  the  Bridgewater  regime.  It  had  been 


62  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

characterized  by  its  earnest  spirit,  its  thoroness  in  the  common 
branches,  and  in  later  years  by  a  great  development  of  interest 
in  German  philosophy  as  related  to  education.  But  many  of 
the  younger  members  of  the  faculty  had  not  themselves  been 
reared  in  the  institution  and  were  eager  for  certain  changes. 
During  the  year  of  Dr.  Tompkins'  presidency  the  faculty  meet- 
ings were  almost  wholly  devoted  to  discussing  the  course  of 
study,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  came  a  complete  reorganiza- 
tion. The  chief  changes  were : 

1.  General   pedagogy   reduced   from   395/2    hours    to   25   hours.     The   five 

courses  included : 

a.  An  inductive  study  of  the  method  of  the  recitation. 

b.  Psychology. 

c.  General  Method. 

d.  Philosophy  of  Education. 

e.  School  management  and  school  administration. 

2.  Instruction  in  special  method  united  with  the  instruction  in  the  subject 

matter  of  the  branches. 

3.  Practice  teaching  reduced  from  four  terms  to  three.    Eight  critic  teach- 

ers provided  to  secure  close  supervision. 

4.  The  time  devoted  to  the  common  branches  reduced. 

5.  Spelling    and    penmanship    required    studies    only    for    those    revealing 

marked  deficiencies. 

6.  Natural  science  put  into  the  first  year's  work  o'f  every  student. 

7.  Three   distinct   programs   of   study,    the   students   reciting   in   separate 

classes : 

A  two-year  program  for  high  school  graduates. 

A  three-year    program    for    students    with    partial    high    school 

education. 

A  four-year  program  for  students  qualified  only  in  the  common 
branches. 

The  last  seven  years  have  been  devoted  to  developing  and 
perfecting  this  course.  A  kindergarten  is  in  operation.  A 
course  of  music  comprising  one  required  term  of  sixty  lessons 
and  additional  courses  in  quartet  and  chorus  singing  is  in  op- 
eration. The  drawing  course  contains  three  regular  terms  with 
several  electives.  Instruction  in  manual  training  has  been  in- 
troduced. Latin  and  German  are  electives.  In  all  forty-nine 
different  elective  courses  are  offered  to  those  who  desire  to 
prepare  themselves  for  work  in  particular  grades  or  in  par- 
ticular subjects.  Regular  instruction  is  offered  in  public  speak- 
ing, all  students  being  required  to  carry  a  line  of  rhetorical 
work.  In  this  development  we  trace  the  enlarging  conception 
of  the  common  school  as  a  means  of  social  uplift.  It  is  no 
longer  possible  to  provide  a  three-year  course  in  variety  and 
extent  equal  to  the  demands  of  the  public  school  curriculum. 
Hence  the  majority  of  the  students  by  means  of  electives  are 
preparing  for  work  in  particular  grades,  or  for  teaching  special 
subjects  in  higher  grades. 


CHAPTER  V 


BY  PROFESSOR  JOHN  G.  COULTER 

JOHN  W.  PowEUv,  1867-1872. 
GEORGE  VASEY,  1868-1872. 
STEPHEN  A.  FORBES,  1872-1884. 


JOSEPH  A.  SEWEU,,  1861-1877. 
MINOR  L.  SEYMOUR,  1878-1888. 
BUEL  P.  COLTON,  1888-1906. 

These  are  the  men  to  whose  records  chiefly  we  must  look 
for  a  history  of  the  science  department.  These  are  the  men 
who,  in  the  periods  indicated,  contributed  notably  to  that  large 
part  of  the  history  of  this  institution  which  this  chapter  can  do 
little  more  than  suggest  in  outline.  The  record  of  their  activi- 
ties furnishes  an  admirable  epitome  of  the  progress  of  science 
in  education,  not  only  in  the  institution  which  primarily  they 
served,  but  thruout  the  Middle  West  in  the  last  half-century. 
For  in  this  larger  field  we  find  that  they,  with  scattered  col- 
leagues here  and  there  preaching  the  same  gospel,  were  path- 
breakers,  and  that  the  "Old  Normal,"  in  science  not  less  than 
in  any  other  department,  was  a  veritable  beacon  light  upon  the 
prairies. 

It  is  a  record  singularly  full  of  interest  to  the  scientist  as 
well  as  to  the  schoolmaster,  and  we  may  feel  a  thrill  of  pride 
that  alma  mater  has  contributed  so  notably  to  the  advance  of 
the  teaching  of  science.  In  no  department  is  there  record  of 
greater  alertness  to  perceive  the  sure  path  of  educational  pro- 
gress, nor  of  greater  service  in  the  blazing  of  the  way.  The 
writer  records  regret  that  time  and  space  do  not  permit  of  an 


64  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

account  of  this  subject  in  any  way  adequate  to  the  value  of  the 
services  which  it  comprises  or  to  its  proper  importance  in  the 
history  of  education  in  Illinois.  It  is  a  subject  eminently  fit 
for  some  careful  memoir. 

Although  Powell,  Vasey,  and  Forbes  were  not  related  to 
the  work  of  the  University  in  a  way  at  all  identical  with  the 
relationship  of  Sewell,  Seymour,  and  Colton,  yet  there  is 
abundant  reason  for  considering  them  in  this  connection.  This 
is  especially  true  of  Stephen  A.  Forbes  who,  during  the  twelve 
years  of  his  residence  at  Normal  as  director  of  the  State  Lab- 
oratory of  Natural  History,  exerted  an  influence  upon  the 
teaching  of  Natural  Science  in  the  state  as  well  as  in  the 
Normal  University  which  can  hardly  be  overestimated.  In  his 
report  to  the  State  Board  of  Education  in  January,  1883,  Pro- 
fessor Forbes  characterized  the  relation  of  the  State  Laboratory 
to  the  Normal  University  as  follows,  "It  furnishes  all  the  pur- 
poses of  a  museum  and  a  natural  history  laboratory  as  com- 
pletely at  the  service  of  the  pupils  and  teachers  of  the  Normal 
University  as  if  this  were  its  only  function."  And  there  is  no 
question  but  that  this  intimate  relationship  between  the  two 
institutions  continued  up  till  the  time  of  Professor  Forbes' 
resignation  and  the  transfer  of  the  bulk  of  the  museum  to  the 
State  University. 

Four  dates,  1858,  1872,  1875,  and  1888,  stand  out  with 
special  significance  as  we  look  back  over  the  records  of  labora- 
tory, lecture  room,  and  museum,  and  the  limitations  of  this 
chapter  have  suggested  the  use  of  these  dates  as  headings  for 
the  material  presented  herewith.  If  one  has  a  fair  idea  of  the 
significance  of  these  four  dates  in  this  history,  one  has  a  fair 
idea  of  the  whole  matter. 

THE  NATURAL  HISTORY  SOCIETY,  1858 

To  this  old  Natural  History  Society  we  are  indebted  for  the 
maintenance  at  Normal  for  twenty-seven  years  of  a  Natural 
History  Museum,  endowed  by  the  state  and  unexcelled  by  any- 
thing of  its  kind  in  the  West.  In  the  latter  part  of  its  career 
at  Normal  this  institution  became  the  State  Laboratory  of 
Natural  History  and  was  even  more  effective  in  this  capacity 
in  its  relation  to  the  development  of  the  science  teaching  in 
the  school.  Thruout  this  period,  in  fact,  the  State  Museum 
and  then  the  State  Laboratory  were  fundamentally  part  and 
parcel  of  the  science  department  whose  history  we  are  tracing. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  65 

But  more  than  with  the  concrete  evidences  of  the  activity 
of  this  society,  whose  early  collections  were  truly  remarkable, 
we  are  concerned  with  the  sudden  and  lively  interest  in  natural 
history  widespread  among  prominent  men  thruout  the  state 
which  the  very  existence  of  such  a  society  indicates.  Its  birth 
was  almost  coincident  with  that  of  the  Normal  University.  Its 
early  roster  reads  like  a  roll  of  those  who  were  primarily  in- 
terested in  the  organization  of  Normal  education  in  Illinois. 
Herein  at  once  we  find  sufficient  evidence  that  the  history  of 
science  and  science  teaching  in  this  institution  was  to  bear  no 
resemblance  to  the  slow  and  tedious  and  often  bitterly  opposed 
progress  which  it  made  in  similar,  but  sectarian,  institutions 
at  the  same  time.  Science  teaching  in  the  I.S.N.U.  stood  full- 
fledged  at  the  very  start,  so  far  as  concerned  the  granting  place 
to  it  among  its  sister  subjects  in  the  curriculum.  From  this 
admirable  beginning  perhaps  it  is  small  wonder  that  the  work 
developed  by  leaps  and  bounds.  While  science  teachers  in 
neighboring  colleges  were  still  either  non-existent  or  hampered 
(to  the  point  of  ineffectiveness)  by  delicate  and  serious  ques- 
tions of  the  orthodoxy  of  their  subject,  the  science  work  here 
at  Normal  was  fast  making  a  reputation  for  the  institution  as 
one  of  the  very  few  places  in  the  whole  Mississippi  valley 
where  scientific  training  in  science  subjects  was  to  be  had  at 
any  price. 

So  there  is  a  double  debt  of  gratitude  to  the  old  Natural 
History  Society,  not  only  for  the  splendid  material  equipment 
for  the  work  which  its  existence  brought  about  and  brought  to 
Normal,  but  quite  as  much  for  the  equally  splendid  spirit  of 
tolerance,  mental  fearlessness,  and  intellectual  honesty  which 
its  existence  and  activity  fifty  years  ago  indicated  in  a  way 
which  can  hardly  be  appreciated  today.  The  Natural  History 
Society  determined  in  advance  what  place  should  be  given  to 
science  in  the  training  teachers  at  the  Normal.  The  science 
department  of  I.S.N.U.  never  had  to  make  a  plea  for  proper 
recognition.  From  the  very  first  the  fullest  recognition  which 
could  be  asked  was  freely  granted.  The  old  Natural  History 
Society  stood,  in  a  sense,  its  sponsor,  bidding  it  godspeed  upon 
the  task  which  loomed  large  before  it;  the  fulfillment  of  a 
great  educational  opportunity. 

Hence,  properly  to  consider  the  development  of  our  Science 
Department  we  must  consider  first  the  development  of  the  State 
Laboratory  of  Natural  History  from  its  beginnings  as  the 
Museum  of  the  State  Natural  History  Society  in  1858  up  till 
its  removal  from  Normal  in  1885.  Professor  Forbes  has  called 


66  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

the  history  of  this  institution  "a  metamorphosis  as  well  as  a 
growth."  It  began  with  the  formation  of  the  old  "State  Nat- 
ural History  Society  of  Illinois,"  which  "had  its  origin  in  the 
same  general  progressive  impulse  which  gave  rise  to  the  Nor- 
mal University."  Also,  it  is  significant  that  the  formation  of 
this  society  was  an  outgrowth  of  discussions  at  the  convention 
of  1857  of  the  State  Teachers'  Association.  It  was  in  no  sense 
an  organization  of  professional  scientists,  and,  tho  it  numbered 
among  its  members  many  outside  the  teachers'  profession,  yet 
it  was  primarily  an  organization  of  teachers.  The  society  was 
organized  at  a  convention  held  in  Bloomington,  June  30,  1858. 
The  first  officers  were  Prof.  J.  B.  Turner,  of  Jacksonville, 
president;  Dr.  E.  R.  Roe,  of  Bloomington,  who  was  in  that 
year  professor  of  anatomy  and  physiology  in  the  Normal  Uni- 
versity, treasurer;  Gen.  Charles  E.  Hovey,  then  principal  of 
the  Normal  University,  secretary;  and  C.  D.  Wilbur,  Esq.. 
general  agent. 

In  the  year  of  its  formal  organization  a  statement  of  the 
work  undertaken  by  the  society  was  prepared  by  its  general 
agent,  Mr.  Wilbur,  and  given  extensive  circulation.  Herein 
it  is  stated  that  the  ambition  of  the  society  was  nothing  less 
than  the  completion  of  a  natural  history  survey  of  the  state, 
as  well  as  affording  a  means  for  the  proper  presentation  of  oc- 
casional contributions  of  its  members,  and  conducting  a  vig- 
orous campaign  of  education  as  to  the  real  value  of  such 
knowledge  and  its  proper  place  in  the  educational  scheme.  Mr. 
Wilbur's  circular  ends  with  the  following  paragraph,  which 
gives  some  little  insight  into  the  quality  of  enthusiasm  which 
animated  those  men  who  for  many  years,  in  lives  filled  with 
professional  duties  of  dissimilar  character,  found  time  to  carry 
forward  with  unabated  zeal  such  work  upon  the  flora  and 
fauna  of  the  State  as  now  finds  attention,  with  rare  exceptions, 
only  among  those  with  direct  professional  interest  in  such 
problems. 

"In  this  noble  enterprise  we  ask  the  earnest  co-operation  of 
every  friend  of  science  and  humanity  to  aid  us  in  making  col- 
lections and  recording  such  facts  as  relate  to  any  of  the  de- 
partments of  Natural  History.  The  State  of  Illinois  is  rich 
beyond  description  in  the  treasures  of  animate  and  inanimate 
nature.  The  great  distance  between  our  northern  and  south- 
ern limits  affords  a  large  number  of  species  of  plants,  trees, 
and  animals.  Bounded  and  intersected  by  large  rivers,  our 
geology  and  zoology  are  easily  determined.  The  marble  un- 
derfloor  of  the  prairie  state  is  as  thickly  inlaid  with  the  mar- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  67 

velous  medals  of  creation  as  is  the  floor  of  heaven  with  'patins 
of  bright  gold.' ' 

"The  early  promise  of  the  Society  was  abundantly  fulfilled 
for  several  years.  The  annual  meetings  steadily  increased  in 
numbers  and  interest,  and  the  work  became  of  continually 
higher  character  as  shown  by  the  papers  contributed  and  by 
the  large  collection  of  specimens  accumulated.  The  collections 
were  placed  in  rooms  of  the  State  Normal  University,  especi- 
ally set  aside  for  the  use  of  the  society  by  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion." These  rooms  were  in  the  east  end  of  the  third  floor, 
now  occupied  by  the  Philadelphian  Society,  and  it  was  here 
that  the  work  in  science  mainly  continued  until  its  removal  to 
the  new  building  in  1892. 

The  principal  donations  of  specimens  made  by  members 
were  those  of  Illinois  birds  by  R.  H.  Holder,  of  Illinois  fossils 
by  C.  D.  Wilbur,  of  shells  and  fossils  by  J.  W.  Powell,  and  a 
fine  series  of  Illinois  plants  by  Dr.  George  Vasey.  Many  of 
these  yet  remain  in  our  museum. 

In  1862  the  society  was  formally  chartered  by  the  legisla- 
ture. The  museum  was  at  first  entirely  supported  by  the  con- 
tributions of  members,  but  in  1867,  by  section  four  of  "An  Act 
concerning  the  Board  of  Education  and  the  Illinois  Natural 
History  Society"  an  annual  appropriation  of  $2500  was  made 
for  the  salary  of  a  curator  and  the  improvement  of  the  mu- 
seum. It  was  provided  that  this  money  should  be  expended 
under  the  direction  of  the  Board  of  Education,  by  whom,  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  directors  of  the  Natural  History 
Society,  said  curator  should  be  appointed. 

Prof.  John  W.  Powell  was  appointed  curator  in  the  same 
year  and  promptly  set  out  upon  his  famous  expedition  to  the 
valley  of  the  Colorado  River.  The  Chicago  Academy  shared  in 
the  financing  of  this  expedition  and  shared  in  the  Powell  col- 
lections. 

An  acting  curator  was  appointed  in  Professor  Powell's  ab- 
sence, and  it  was  as  "acting  curator"  that  Dr.  Vasey  developed 
very  greatly  the  botanical  value  of  the  museum.  This  was  the 
condition  of  the  museum  immediately  prior  to  1872,  which 
marked  the  resignation  of  Professor  Powell  and  the  appoint- 
ment of  Professor  Forbes. 

THE  NATURAL  HISTORY  ACT,    1872 

The  second  of  these  salient  dates,  1872,  marks  the  enact- 
ment of  a  law  requiring  the  teaching  of  four  branches  of  nat- 
ural science  in  the  public  schools  of  the  state  and  the  examina- 


68  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

tion  in  these  subjects  of  all  holders  of  teachers'  certificates. 
Never  has  there  been  a  bit  of  educational  legislation  more  com- 
pletely subversive  than  this  was  of  the  status  of  the  whole 
mental  outfit  which  had  heretofore  been  regarded  perfectly 
satisfactory  for  the  holding  of  teachers'  certificates.  The  con- 
sternation of  teachers  at  large  may  be  more  easily  imagined 
than  described.  Natural  History  for  teaching  purposes  was 
about  as  definitely  comprehended  among  the  teachers  of  the 
state  at  that  time  as  marine  navigation  is  today. 

Nor  could  law  have  been  more  cunningly  devised  to  test 
to  the  utmost  the  capabilities  of  the  science  department  of  the 
one  State  Normal.  If  there  ever  was  a  strain  put  upon  that 
department  it  was  to  come  now.  And  with  the  strain  was  to 
come  a  man  singularly  endowed  to  bear  it.  He  put  his  shoul- 
der to  the  wheel  with  others  and  did  much  in  the  next  few 
years  to  enhance  the  reputation  of  the  Normal  as  a  place  of 
rare  opportunity  for  science  study ;  especially  for  the  study  of 
the  flora  and  fauna  of  Illinois. 

That  man  was  Stephen  A.  Forbes,  and  it  is  his  coming  to 
Normal  as  "Professor  of  Geology  and  Curator  of  the  Mu- 
seum" which,  equally  with  the  passage  of  the  Natural  History 
Act,  makes  1872  a  notable  year. 

Thruout  the  twelve  years  of  his  residence  at  Normal,  Pro- 
fessor Forbes  contributed  far  more  than  any  other  research 
worker  in  science  in  the  state  directly  to  the  cause  of  the 
popularization  of  his  subject.  True  enough  it  was  a  part  of 
the  duty  of  his  position  to  furnish  to  high  schools  of  the  state 
specimens  to  be  used  in  connection  with  their  work  in  natural 
history,  but,  this  apart,  his  was  not  a  teaching  position.  It 
does  not  appear  that  he  ever  was  called  upon  to  give  the 
courses  in  geology  which  his  title  suggests.  For  a  man  whose 
chief  attention  was  given,  then,  to  contributions  to  the  organi- 
zation of  his  subject  rather  than  to  teaching  about  it  in  the 
class  room  we  find  Professor  Forbes  singularly  eager  to  give 
very  largely  of  his  time  to  all  means  which  would  legitimately 
advance  general  knowledge  of  biology. 

Professor  Forbes  was  one  of  the  pioneer  advocates  of  nature 
study  in  the  grades.  He  did  not  use  that  expression,  but  he  did 
thoroly  believe  in  giving  a  large  place  in  elementary  education 
to  adequate  instruction  about  familiar  plants  and  animals.  In 
1867  zoology  had  been  made  an  optional  study  in  the  Normal 
course  which  practically  eliminated  it  from  the  regular  student 
work.  Far  from  being  content  with  such  an  arrangement,  which 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  69 

would  give  him  more  time  for  his  own  research,  we  find  Profes- 
sor Forbes  arguing  strenuously  and  unceasingly  for  the  resto- 
ration of  zoology  to  a  regular  place  in  the  program.  This  tem- 
porary elimination  of  zoology  from  the  regular  program  is,  by 
the  way,  the  only  thing  in  the  program  which  may  be  consid- 
ered in  any  sense  a  step  backward  with  reference  to  the  devel- 
opment of  the  science  department.  And,  we  find  zoology  re- 
stored to  its  original  place  in  1876.  The  record  of  Professor 
Forbes'  arguments  in  this  connection  in  his  reports  to  the 
Board  of  Education  must  be  reckoned  with  in  making  up  any 
account  of  the  development  of  nature  study  in  the  schools. 
This  appears  to  be  the  very  beginning  of  that  movement,  and 
many  paragraphs  in  the  Forbes'  reports  read  like  the  latest 
advocacy  of  nature  study  as  a  thing  perceived  only  now  as  to 
its  importance  in  the  school  program. 

Space  does  not  permit  any  full  statement  of  the  contribu- 
tion of  Mr.  Forbes  to  the  progress  of  high  school  science  in 
the  state,  but  the  extent  of  that  contribution  may  be  easily 
imagined  when  it  is  stated  that  the  following  announcement 
made  in  the  catalog  of  1872  was  amply  fulfilled : 

"The  large  and  splendid  Museum  of  Natural  History  is  now 
well  provided  for.  The  contents  are  nearly  all  catalogued  in  a 
manner  most  convenient  for  reference.  Prof.  S.  A.  Forbes, 
the  curator,  is  also  making  constant  addition  to  the  specimens. 

"Attention  is  respectfully  solicited  to  the  following  cir- 
cular recently  issued  by  Professor  Forbes :  "The  recent  intro- 
duction of  the  natural  sciences  into  our  common  school  course 
of  study  has  developed  a  general  demand  for  specimens  in 
natural  history  which  I  am  trying  to  supply.  It  is  designed 
to  furnish,  in  time,  to  every  school  in  the  state  which  will  use 
and  properly  care  for  it,  a  small  collection  so  selected  as  to 
illustrate  in  the  best  possible  manner,  the  branches  required  to 
be  taught.  The  time  and  resources  at  my  command  are  quite 
insufficient  for  this ;  and,  as  it  is  a  work  undertaken  solely  for 
the  benefit  of  the  public  schools,  I  make  this  call  upon  their 
officers  and  members  for  aid.  The  schools  will  encounter  great 
difficulties  in  the  attempt  to  form  good  cabinets  unaided,  each 
for  itself.  Among  others  will  be  that  of  getting  specimens  cor- 
rectly named,  and  that  of  securing  in  a  single  circumscribed 
locality,  a  sufficient  variety  to  cover  the  whole  field  of  study. 
It  will  be  an  easy  matter,  however,  for  the  teachers  and  pupils 
of  the  state  to  collect  and  send  to  this  museum,  in  one  or  two 
seasons,  a  sufficient  number  and  variety  of  specimens  liberally 


70  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

to  supply  all  our  schools ;  and  these  I  will  undertake  to  name, 
select,  arrange,  and  redistribute  in  such  a  manner  as  to  give 
to  each  school  participating  in  the  work  the  benefit  of  a  judi- 
cious selection  from  the  whole  number  sent  by  all.  Good  speci- 
mens in  all  branches  of  natural  history  will  be  acceptable,  and 
directions  for  preparing  and  shipping  them  will  be  sent  on  ap- 
plication." 

THE  VACATION  SCHOOL  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY,  1875 

The  third  epoch-making  date  in  the  development  of  the 
science  department  is  equally  epoch-making  in  the  develop- 
ment of  science  teaching  thruout  the  state.  In  1873  a  second 
natural  history  society  had  been  formed  in  connection  with 
the  State  Teachers'  Association  whose  primary  purpose  was 
to  obtain  for  the  schools  with  which  its  members  were  con- 
nected "suitable  cabinets  of  natural  history  specimens  for  study 
and  reference,  and  to  encourage  and  assist  the  rational  study 
of  nature  by  the  pupils  of  our  schools."  Of  course  the  activity 
of  such  a  society  and  the  large  participation  in  its  work  was 
directly  due  to  the  Natural  History  act  of  the  year  before. 

Under  the  auspices  of  this  association  a  vacation  school  of 
natural  history  was  held  at  Normal  in  July  and  August,  1875. 
A  most  interesting  account  of  the  work  of  this  summer  school 
is  found  in  Professor  Forbes'  contribution  to  the  earlier  his- 
tory of  this  institution.  He  states,  in  part,  "Instruction  of  a 
high  grade  and  good  facilities  for  work  and  study  both  ele- 
mentary and  advanced  were  provided  in  the  following 
branches :  Cryptogamic  botany  with  especial  reference  to 
mosses  and  fungi,  systematic  and  structural  zoology,  illus- 
trated by  mounted  skeletons  and  by  other  preparations,  and  by 
series  of  dissections  made  by  the  students  under  the  eye  of  com- 
petent instructors;  and  systematic  and  structural  botany  of 
the  flowering  plants."  Wilder,  Barnard,  Burrill,  Thomas  Sew- 
ell,  and  Forbes  are  the  names  we  find  on  the  record  of  the  in- 
structional force  for  that  famous  summer  term.  It  was  neces- 
sary to  limit  the  attendance  to  fifty  and  much  difficulty  was 
experienced  in  selecting  the  best  fifty  from  the  many  applica- 
tions which  were  sent  in. 

It  is  perhaps  a  little  difficult  to  realize  now  the  conditions 
under  which  this  summer  school  worked ;  to  realize  what  new 
ground  they  were  then  breaking,  and  with  what  zeal  their 
earnest  followers  responded  to  this  altogether  new  and  fas- 
cinating form  of  school  work.  Professor  Forbes,  always  very 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  71 

temperate  in  his  statements,  writes  of  the  work  of  the  school, 
"The  amount  of  work  done  was  tremendous ;  and  yet  it  was 
so  new,  so  varied,  and  intrinsically  so  interesting  that  the  stu- 
dents found  themselves  refreshed  and  rested  rather  than  worn 
out  at  the  end  of  the  term.  The  class  separated  delighted  with 
the  result  of  their  studies,  and  expressing  a  lively .  desire  to 
continue  the  summer  school  in  the  future."  Its  continuance, 
however,  at  least  upon  this  generous  scale,  was  not  practicable. 

THE  COMING  OF  COI/TON,  1888 

The  last  of  the  four  dates  which  must  be  specially  consid- 
ered for  the  saliency  of  events  connected  with  it  was  that 
which  marked  the  election  to  the  chair  of  biology  of  Buel 
Preston  Colton.  It  was  in  1888  that  Professor  Col  ton  was 
called  from  the  Ottawa  Township  High  Schol  to  the  position 
which  he  filled  so  notably  until  his  untimely  death  in  the  fall 
of  1906.  Professor  Colton's  work  at  Ottawa  had  marked  him 
as  one  of  the  best  teachers  of  science  in  the  Middle  West.  In 
the  words  of  one  most  competent  to  judge,  "The  place  at  Nor- 
mal was  his  as  much  by  manifest  fitness  as  by  the  vote  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  For  eighteen  years  a  steady  stream  of 
students  passed  thru  his  class  room  to  the  teacher's  desk.  They 
have  been  illumined  by  his  thought  and  touched  by  his  spirit." 

Professor  Colton's  impress,  not  only  upon  the  science  de- 
partment, but  upon  the  teaching  of  science  wherever  the  in- 
fluence of  the  Normal  extends,  and  wherever  his  widely  used 
textbooks  have  gone,  has  been  deep  and  permanent.  Some 
conception  of  the  character  of  the  man  and  of  his  influence 
may  be  gleaned  from  a  little  account  of  his  first  and  perhaps 
most  conspicuous  book,  his  Practical  Zoology  which  was 
hailed  as  a  godsend  by  science  teachers  thruout  the  west;  it 
was  "epoch-marking"  in  no  doubtful  way. 

One  of  Mr.  Colton's  books,  the  Practical  Zoology,  re- 
quires special  mention  in  any  summary  of  the  progress  of  sci- 
ence in  education  in  the  west.  It  appeared  in  1886,  while  he 
was  still  at  the  Ottawa  Township  High  School.  The  following 
very  just  estimate  of  the  value  of  this  book  has  been  made  by 
one  of  Mr.  Colton's  colleagues  and  similar  comment  by  science 
teachers  of  high  rank  who  had  no  personal  acquaintance  with 
Mr.  Colton  has  been  heard  by  the  writer  many  times. 

"To  understand  the  great  success  and  merit  of  this  book 
one  needs  to  know  something  of  the  condition  of  science  teach- 
ing as  it  was  in  Illinois  at  that  time.  Books,  the  literature  of 


72  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

science,  were  studied  instead  of  the  facts  of  science  themselves. 
In  botany  Asa  Gray  had  produced  textbooks  which  were  in 
general  use,  but  in  zoology  the  available  literature  consisted 
partly  of  books  like  Goldsmith's  Animated  Nature  abounding 
in  sailor's  tales  and  entertaining  anecdotes,  and  partly  of  those 
with  some  pretense  of  scientific  accuracy  like  Tenney  and 
Steele,  presenting  the  four-jointed  and  six-jointed  nomencla- 
ture of  Cuvier  and  external  descriptions  of  various  animals. 
These  books  had  evidently  been  written  among  the  dried  and 
stuffed  specimens  of  a  museum;  there  was  little  attempt  to 
show  how  animals  live,  what  are  the  conditions  of  their  en- 
vironment, what  the  problems  presented  in  the  struggle  for 
existence,  or  by  what  adaptations  of  form,  structure,  and  habits 
the  animal  is  enabled  to  survive. 

"Under  pressure  of  the  law  of  1872  zoology  took  an  imme- 
diate place  in  the  curricula  of  the  high  school,  the  normal 
school,  and  the  college;  the  instruction,  however,  was  un- 
scientific and  bookish.  Students  glibly  recited  descriptions  of 
animals  that  neither  students  nor  teachers  could  recognize  if 
they  saw  them.  The  friends  of  science  education  felt  that  this 
was  hollow  mockery.  In  1879  A.  S.  Packard,  of  Brown  Uni- 
versity, produced  a  textbook  of  zoology  of  some  merit,  but  it 
was  written  at  the  seaside  and  largely  devoted  to  marine  forms. 
In  our  best  high  schools  during  the  early  eighties  we  could  find 
pupils  of  our  prairies  copying  the  drawings  of  internal  struc- 
ture with  which  Packard's  book  abounded,  and  handling  sea- 
urchins  whose  lively  smell  was  the  only  suggestion  that  biol- 
ogy is  the  science  of  life. 

"At  this  time  Mr.  Colton's  Practical  Zoology  appeared.  It 
was  based  upon  the  belief  that  scientific  knowledge  and  train- 
ing must  rest  upon  the  study  of  data  gathered  at  first  hand, 
and  that  the  animals  to  be  studied  by  the  children  of  Illinois  are 
the  animals  of  their  own  fields,  woods,  and  streams.  There 
was  not  an  illustration  in  the  book,  and  very  few  statements  of 
fact  or  even  of  conclusions  to  be  drawn  from  observation. 
There  was  hardly  a  trace  of  the  old  terminology.  It  consisted 
of  questions  and  directions  so  plain  and  practical  that  any  class 
of  boys  and  girls  under  the  leadership  of  a  wide-awake  teacher 
might  become  acquainted  with  the  mode  of  life  and  structural 
adaptations  of  all  the  typical  forms  of  life  about  them.  It  is 
needless  to  say  that  the  book  met  a  long-felt  want  and  revolu- 
tionized scientific  instruction  in  Illinois." 

It  might  be  expected  that  even  a  fragmentary  record  such 
as  this  of  the  development  of  a  science  department  would  be 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  73 

replete  with  mention  of  the  increase  in  material  equipment  of 
the  laboratories,  library,  and  museum.  But  this  record  of  de- 
velopment is  much  more  concerned  with  men  than  with  things, 
just  as  the  work  of  the  department  has  ever  been  as  independ- 
ent of  expensive  equipment  as  it  is  possible  to  make  it  consist- 
ently with  its  purpose.  Professor  Colton  had  a  righteous  im- 
patience with  that  sort  of  science  teaching  which  regards  elab- 
orate mechanical  accessories  indispensable.  He  made  a  point 
of  conducting  his  elementary  courses  with  no  more  expensive 
equipment  than  any  high  school  might  reasonably  be  expected 
to  provide.  He  carefully  eliminated  that  frequent  source  of 
discouragement  to  the  young  science  teacher — the  feeling  that 
science  teaching  without  a  well-equipped  laboratory  is  well- 
nigh  fruitless.  He  went  straight  to  the  things  themselves ;  the 
common  things  of  the  immediate  environment,  and  these  he 
made  luminous  and  fascinating  indeed.  Otherwise,  requiring 
expensive  and  elaborate  equipment,  he  might  not  have  attained 
the  great  success  which  he  did  attain  in  sending  out  from  his 
classes  hundreds  of  enthusiastic  young  men  and  women  ready 
to  attack  the  science-teaching  problem  with  zeal  and  assurance 
of  success  under  whatever  conditions  it  might  confront  them. 
In  order  to  summarize  quite  definitely  the  general  drift  of 
the  development  of  the  Science  Department,  there  is  appended  a 

CHRONOLOGICAL  SUMMARY 

1858 — Establishment  of  the  State  Natural  History  Society  of  Illinois  with 

museum  and  general  headquarters  at  I.S.N.U. 

Dr.  E.  R.  Roe,  of  Bloomington,  announced  as  lecturer  in  chemistry 
and  physiology.  No  detailed  announcement  of  the  character  of 
these  courses. 

1860 — Catalog  announces  "Mr.  Joseph  A.  Sewell  has  been  appointed  to 
the  chair  of  Natural  Science  for  the  coming  year,  but  the  courses 
have  not  yet  been  determined  upon." 

1861 — The  teaching  of  science  organized  as  a  required  part  of  the  work  of 
the  school  upon  the  following  basis :  chemistry,  winter  term  of  the 
second  year ;  botany,  spring  term  of  the  second  year ;  anatomy 
and  physiology,  fall  term  of  the  third  year;  zoology,  spring  term 
of  the  third  year. 

1867 — Prof.    John   W.    Powell   announced   in   the   catalog   as    "Professor 

of  Geology  and  Curator  of  the  Museum." 

Zoology  made  an  optional  study  resulting  in  its  practical  discon- 
tinuance as  a  subject  in  the  curriculum. 

State  appropriation  of  $2,500  per  annum  to  be  expended  under  the 
direction  of  the  Board  of  Education  for  the  curatorship  and  main- 
tenance of  the  museum  of  the  Natural  History  Society.  Prof. 
John  W.  Powell  appointed  curator.  He  promptly  departed  upon 
an  expedition  of  exploration  and  collection  into  the  valley  of  the 
Colorado  River,  appointing  a  curator  to  act  for  him  in  his  absence. 
Abstract  from  catalog:  "The  large  and  splendid  Museum  of  Nat- 
ural History  is  now  abundantly  provided  for.  Professor  Powell, 


74  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

the  curator,  is  now  conducting  an  expedition  to  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains from  which  large  additions  are  expected."  Added  in  1869, 
"A  great  number  of  specimens  have  already  arrived." 

1871 — The  State  appropriation  made  subject  to  the  condition  that  the 
collections  of  the  society  be  made  over  to  the  State  in  a  way  sat- 
isfactory to  the  Governor. 

Formal  transfer  of  the  property  of  the  State  Natural  History  to  the 
State  of  Illinois,  Joseph  A.  Sewell  acting  as  agent. 

1872 — The  introduction  into  the  common  school  course  of  Illinois  of  physi- 
ology, chemistry,  botany,  and  zoology  by  act  of  legislature.  Knowl- 
edge of  these  subjects  required  of  candidates  for  teachers'  cer- 
tificates. 

The  museum  estimated  as  being  worth  nearly  $100,000.  The  first 
collections  were  made  by  Prof.  C.  D.  Wilbur  who  had  charge  for 
several  years.  He  was  followed  by  Maj.  John  W.  Powell  whose 
explorations  of  the  Colorado  River  have  since  become  so  famous. 
In  1873  Stephen  A.  Forbes  was  appointed  curator.  He  added  very 
much  to  the  value  of  the  museum,  both  by  arranging  the  mass  of 
material  already  collected,  and  by  adding  greatly  to  the  number 
of  specimens. 

Large  additions  made  to  the  museum  by  Dr.  George  Vasey,  acting 
curator,  and  the  work  of  distribution  of  specimens  to  the  high 
schools  of  the  state  begun. 

Resignation  of  Prof.  John  W.  Powell  and  the  appointment  of 
Stephen  A.  Forbes  as  his  successor. 

1873 — The  organization  of  a  new  Society  of  Natural  History  in  connection 
with  the  State  Teachers'  Association  having  as  its  leading  pur- 
pose the  supply  of  working  collections  to  the  schools ;  organized 
at  Bloomington  in  the  Christmas  holidays  and  the  following  offi- 
cers elected :  Dr.  Richard  Edwards,  president ;  S.  A.  Forbes, 
curator;  Aaron  Gove,  secretary. 

1875 — Resolutions  passed  by  the  State  Board  of  Education  defining  the 
purposes  of  the  museum  and  giving  it  the  name  "The  Illinois  Mu- 
seum of  Natural  History." 

A  vacation  school  of  Natural  History  held  at  Normal  in  July  and 
August,  with  the  following  corps  of  instructors:  Prof.  B.  G. 
Wilder,  of  Cornell;  Prof.  W.  S.  Barnard,  Prof.  T.  J.  Burrill  of 
the  State  Industrial  University,  Prof.  Cyrus  Thomas,  State  En- 
tomologist, Dr.  J.  A.  Sewell,  and  S.  A.  Forbes. 

1876 — Zoology  restored  to  its  original  place  among  the  required  studies 
for  graduation,  being  required  in  addition  to  bookkeeping,  draw- 
ing, and  the  school  laws  of  Illinois  in  the  spring  term  of  the  se- 
nior year.  Apparently  nothing  was  dropped  in  order  to  make  place 
for  it;  it  was  merely  additional  work  required  of  the  seniors. 
Coincident  with  this  restoration  of  zoology  to  a  place  in  the  re- 
quired work,  a  new  statement  of  the  course  appears  in  the  catalog. 
This  is  the  first  alteration  in  the  statements  of  the  science  courses 
since  their  first  announcement  in  1860.  Botany,  physiology,  and 
chemistry  remain  unchanged  in  character  so  far  as  the  catalog 
announcements  throw  light  upon  this  point,  save  only  that  this  sen- 
tence is  added  to  the  announcement  for  chemistry.  "Provision 
is  now  made  for  an  abundant  supply  of  materials  in  this  depart- 
ment." 

Abstract  from  catalog:  "The  advantages  offered  for  the  study  of 
science  at  this  institution  are  unusual  and  deserve  the  attention 
of  all  who  wish  either  thoro  general  instruction  in  science  or  op- 
portunities for  special  study  of  the  natural  history  of  Illinois. 
Students  desiring  to  give  all  or  much  of  their  time  to  the  pursuit: 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  75 

of  special  subjects  will  hereafter  be  received  by  Professor  Forbes 
at  a  charge  of  three  dollars  a  term  for  incidental  expenses.  Such 
special  students  will  be  permitted  to  elect  their  own  course,  but 
will  be  expected  to  adhere  to  it  when  once  laid  down.  All  speci- 
mens, books,  and  field  and  laboratory  appliances  needed  for  the 
prosecution  of  their  work,  except  the  common  textbooks  and 
ordinary  collecting  and  dissecting  instruments  and  hand  magnifiers, 
will  be  furnished  for  their  use,  and  such  amount  and  kind  of  in- 
dividual instruction  will  be  afforded  as  each  seems  to  require. 
No  student  wishing  to  make  a  detailed  study  of  any  branch  of  the 
natural  history  of  Illinois  need  hesitate  to  come  here  with  that 
design.  If  anything  be  found  lacking  for  his  purpose  the  authori- 
ties of  the  institution  stand  ready  promptly  to  supply  it. 
"The  Museum  in  the  University  building,  formerly  the  property  of 
the  State  Natural  History  Society,  now  comprises  about  150,000 
specimens.  Besides  containing  material  sufficient  for  purposes  of 
general  illustration  it  represents  with  fullness  the  botany  and 
zoology  of  the  State,  and  is  now  growing  at  the  rate  of  about 
10,000  specimens  a  year.  Nearly  all  this  material  is  named,  ar- 
ranged, and  catalogued  in  the  most  convenient  manner,  and  is  en- 
tirely available  for  use. 

"The  Library,  altho  small,  has  been  selected  with  reference  to  use 
in  connection  with  the  museum  collections,  and  answers  its  pur- 
pose well.  It  is  increased  as  rapidly  as  the  necessities  of  the 
work  require. 

"The  zoological  laboratory  will  accommodate  fifty  or  sixty  students. 
It  is  furnished  with  dissecting  tables,  stools,  trays,  sinks  and  wash- 
ing conveniences,  and  it  is  well  fitted  in  every  way  for  either  gen- 
eral or  special  work.  The  chemical  laboratory,  in  charge  of  Pro- 
fessor Sewell,  will  accommodate  forty  students  and  is  fully  fur- 
nished with  apparatus  for  practical  work  in  analytical  chemistry. 
Further  particulars  concerning  this  department  may  be  had  upon 
application  to  the  Curator  of  the  Museum,  Professor  S.  A.  Forbes." 

1877 — Resignation  of  Dr.  Sewell  to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  Colorado 
State  University.  Minor  L.  Seymour,  of  Blue  Island,  elected  as 
his  successor.  With  the  coming  of  Professor  Seymour  chemistry 
and  physiology  exchanged  places  in  the  program  and  the  instruc- 
tion in  chemistry  was  reorganized. 

Metamorphosis,  by  act  of  legislature,  of  the  Illinois  Museum  of  Nat- 
ural History  into  the  Illinois  State  Laboratory  of  Natural  His- 
tory, a  State  Museum  having  been  provided  for  at  Springfield  in 
connection  with  the  State  Geological  Survey.  First  duty  of  the 
new  "Director  of  the  Laboratory"  to  be  to  furnish  zoological  and 
botanical  material  needed  by  the  State  educational  institutions. 

1878 — Abstract  from  catalog:  "The  recent  reorganization  of  the  Illinois 
Museum  of  Natural  History  in  the  University  Building  as  a 
Biological  Laboratory,  and  its  elaborate  furnishing  and  equipment 
for  all  kinds  of  botanical  and  zoological  work  have  greatly  in- 
creased the  resources  of  this  department.  The  very  unusual  ad- 
vantages now  afforded  here,"  etc. 

1880 — Reorganization  of  the  courses  in  botany  and  chemistry. 

1883 — Reorganization  of  the  course  in  zoology. 

1884 — Resignation  of  Professor  Forbes  and  transfer  of  the  State  Labora- 
tory to  the  State  University. 

1885 — Abstract  from  catalog :  "The  room  formerly  known  as  the  Museum, 
and  later  as  the  Laboratory  of  the  Natural  History  Society  is  now 
used  as  a  class  room  for  science  work.  It  is  still  a  museum  for 
the  exhibition  of  the  collections  in  zoology,  botany,  and  miner- 


76  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

alogy.  The  objects  in  these  departments  of  science  have  been 
rearranged  for  exhibition,  and  most  of  them  are  labeled,  showing 
the  scientific  and  common  names.  They  are  open  for  examination 
to  students  and  visitors  during  the  sessions  of  the  school.  For 
the  purposes  of  class  work,  including  recitation,  writing,  and  dis- 
section, tables  and  chairs  have  been  arranged  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  fifty  students.  The  room  is  one  of  the  cheeriest  in  the 
building,  being  ample,  well-lighted  and  attractive. 

"The  office  has  been  refitted  and  furnished  for  special  work.  Nine 
microscopes  with  accessories,  excellent  desks  for  microscopic  work, 
furnished  with  staining  glasses  and  fluids,  injecting  apparatus, 
and  microtomes,  constitutes  a  portion  of  the  new  outfit  for  work 
in  histology.  The  laboratory  has  the  use  of  a  new  automatic 
Schanze  microtome,  imported  from  R.  and  J.  Beck,  London.  The 
library  contains  some  of  the  best  works  on  embryology,  histology, 
pathology,  comparative  anatomy,  and  microscopic  technique. 

"The  books  pertaining  to  birds  are  from  the  latest  authors,  and  in 
this  department  are  the  most  valuable  published  in  this  country. 
Material  for  general  and  specific  work  in  zoology  can  be  furnished 
to  any  persons  desiring  a  special  course. 

"Hereafter  the  work  in  the  department  of  physics  will  be  conducted 
in  the  natural  history  room,  the  apparatus  having  been  conven- 
iently arranged  in  two  alcove  cases.  The  work  in  botany  and 
physiology  has  been  likewise  transferred  to  this  room. 

"The  workers  in  chemistry  now  have  exclusive  use  of  the  laboratory 
in  the  basement,  of  the  lecture  room  adjoining,  and  of  all  the 
cases  in  each.  The  laboratory  is  well  furnished,  the  apparatus  be- 
ing modern,  and  sufficient  for  the  fullest  illustration  in  general  and 
analytical  chemistry.  Students  of  the  University  and  teachers  in 
the  public  schools  taking  such  science  work  as  belong  to  the  reg- 
ular Normal  course  of  study  are  at  no  expense  for  chemicals  and 
apparatus.  To  such  as  wish  to  take  extra  or  special  work  in  this 
department  tuition  and  a  fee  for  incidentals  will  be  charged.  For 
particulars  concerning  the  work  indicated  in  the  Scientific  De- 
partment address  Professor  Seymour." 

1888 — Resignation  of  Prof.  M.  L.  Seymour  and  the  appointment  of  Prof. 
Buel  P.  Colton  as  his  successor. 

Reorganization  of  the  work  in  physiology  and  zoology. 
1890 — Transference  of  physics  from  the  division  of  mathematics  to  that 
of  science  involving  its  complete  reorganization. 

Dudley  G.  Hayes,  first  instructor  in  physics  and  chemistry. 
1892 — Arthur  O.  Norton  appointed  assistant. 

1894 — Statement  of  physiology  course  completely  reorganized  and  elab- 
orated. Over  a  full  page  of  the  catalog  given  to  an  analysis  of 
the  course.  Martin's  Human  Body  now  used  as  a  text. 

Joseph  G.  Brown  succeeded  A.  O.  Norton  as  assistant  in  chemistry 

and  physics. 
1898 — Fred  D.  Barber  succeeded  Joseph  G.  Brown. 

Biology  and  physics  moved  to  new  building. 

1899— Colton's  Physiology  replaced  Martin's  Human  Body  in  Physiology 
courses. 

Bergen's  Elements  replaced  Gray's  School  and  Field  Book  of  Botany. 
1900 — Physics  and  chemistry  organized  as  separate  department  in  charge 

of  Fred  D.  Barber. 
1906— Death  of  Buel  P.  Colton. 

Appointment  of  John  G.  Coulter  as  Professor  of  Biology. 


RICHARD   EDWARDS 
President,  1862-1876. 


CHAPTER  VI 

THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  MODEL 

SCHOOL 

BY  JOHN  A.  H.  KEITH,  CLASS  OF  1894 


The  development  of  the  Model  School  has  for  fifty  years 
been  a  phase  of  the  development  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal 
University,  for  when  the  latter  began  its  constructive  career 
in  Major's  Hall,  the  Model  School  also  began  with  a  total  at- 
tendance of  seven  for  the  first  term.  Another  thing  that  has 
kept  the  development  close  to  the  line  of  the  University's  de- 
velopment is  that  the  State  Board  of  Education  has  wisely 
allowed  the  successive  presidents  of  the  school  to  carry  out, 
both  in  the  Normal  Department  and  in  the  Model  School, 
their  distinctive  ideas.  The  changes  thus  introduced  have  been 
marked  but  not  violent. 

Within  less  than  three  months  after  the  passage  of  the 
legislative  act  establishing  the  University,  the  State  Board  of 
Education  appointed  Messrs.  Hovey  and  Rex  to  visit  other 
normal  and  high  schools  and  "report  to  the  board  upon  the 
subject  of  buildings,  internal  arrangements,  etc."  Seven  weeks 
later  (June  23,  1857),  having  made  a  tour  of  the  east,  this 
committee  reported  in  part  as  follows,  "The  third  step  is  *  *  * 
to  give  (to  Normal  School  students)  practical  skill  by  actual 
service  under  instruction  in  the  school  of  practice,  or  model 
school.  They  should  here  be  taught  that  there  can  be  no  real 
success  in  practice  without  a  rational  theory  to  which  such 
practice  can,  at  every  step,  be  referred.  They  should  be  made 
to  see  and  feel  that  there  must  be  a  reason  for  every  process  in 
education,  as  well  as  in  medicine,  or  engineering,  or  me- 
chanics."* 


*Proceedings  State  Board  of  Education,  June  23, 1857,  p  10. 


78  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

At  the  meeting  of  the  board  at  which  the  above  report  was 
made,  Richard  Hovey  was  elected  principal  of  the  Illinois  State 
Normal  University.  Two  months  later,  August  18,  1857,  the 
board  voted,  "That  the  principal,  should  it  be  necessary,  be 
authorized  to  employ  a  principal  teacher  in  the  Model  School." 
Mr.  Hovey  deemed  it  necessary.  Mary  M.  Brooks,  a  success- 
ful primary  teacher  of  Peoria,  was  employed  as  the  first  prin- 
cipal of  the  Model  School. 

THE  PIONEERING  PERIOD    (1857-62) 

The  first  three  years  in  Major's  Hall  and  the  first  two  years 
after  the  building  in  Normal  was  occupied  may  well  be  called 
the  period  of  pioneering.  Private  schools  were  in  existence  and 
school  patrons  were  accustomed  to  them.  The  Model  School 
had  little  more  than  won  its  way  in  Bloomington  when  it  was 
moved  to  Normal,  thus  losing  the  larger  part  of  the  patronage 
it  had  built  up.  Normal  was  more  nearly  a  hamlet  than  a 
village  at  that  time.  The  war  depopulated  the  University — 
both  faculty  and  students.  No  one  could  tell  what  the  fate  of 
school  might  be. 

Miss  Brooks,  in  the  first  term  of  the  school's  history,  en- 
rolled, as  has  been  stated,  seven  pupils.  The  second  term, 
there  was  "a  room  full,  and  fifty  that  had  to  be  turned  away." 
The  more  advanced  pupils  taken  into  the  school  were  classified 
as  belonging  to  the  intermediate  grade.  So  long  as  this  class 
did  not  exceed  twelve  in  number,  it  was  kept  in  the  Normal 
School.  It  had  finally  to  be  turned  over  to  a  Mr.  Thayer,  who 
conducted  a  private  school,  or  "seminary,"  in  Bloomington.  It 
appears  from  the  records  that  the  "members  of  Section  A  spent 
considerable  time  in  the  Model  School  as  observers  and 
teachers." 

The  first  idea  was  to  have  a  model  school.  President  Hovey 
wrote  in  1882,  "When  a  model  school  was  determined  upon 
as  an  incident  and  annex  to  the  Normal  University,  the  Board 
of  Education,  on  the  advice  of  the  principal,  invited  Miss  Mary 
Brooks  to  take  charge  of  it.  *  *  *  It  was  intended  at  that 
time  chiefly  as  a  model,  and  not  as  a  school  of  practice  for 
pupil-teachers." 

Miss  Brooks  seems  to  have  been  a  remarkable  teacher,  hav- 
ing possessed  to  an  unusual  degree  the  power  to  win  the  con- 
fidence of  children  and  also  the  power  to  instruct  them. 

For  the  first  two  years  Miss  Brooks  had  no  regular  assist- 
ants, but  in  1859-60,  she  seems  to  have  had  four,  J.  G.  Howell, 

*History  of  :the  I.  S.  N.  U.  (1882),  p.  227. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  79 

J.  H.  Burnham,  Edwin  Philbrook,  and  Aaron  Gove — all  of 
whom  were  students  in  the  Normal  School.  At  the  end  of 
three  years'  service,  Miss  Brooks  resigned  and  the  greatly 
loved  Howell  was  elected  to  her  position.  In  addition  to  the 
difficulties  incident  to  gathering  together  a  new  group  of  pu- 
pils in  Normal,  Howell  left  for  the  war,  being  mustered  in 
April  25,  1861.  J.  H.  Burnham  finished  out  the  year.  The 
other  persons  connected  with  the  school  during  this  year 
( 1 860-61)  were  Oliver  Libbey,  Frances  A.  Peterson,  Mary 
F.  Washburn.  Misses  Peterson  and  Washburn  remained  the 
following  year,  and  were  assisted  by  Misses  Livonia  E. 
Ketcham,  Marian  Goodrich,  and  Mary  E.  Baker.  The  tal- 
ented Norton  remained  for  only  one  term  of  this  year  (1861- 
62),  his  place  being  taken,  January  1862,  by  Charles  F.  Childs, 
of  St.  Louis,  who  became  the  principal  of  the  Model  School 
and  also  principal  of  the  high  school  that  was  to  be  established. 
Principal  Perkins  Bass,  who,  as  acting  president,  succeeded 
Richard  Hovey,  seems  to  have  thought  that  the  best  way  to 
build  up  the  Model  School  was  to  begin  at  the  top  as  well  as 
the  bottom.  A  High  School  would  be  an  inducement  to  those 
in  the  lower  grades  to  remain  in  school,  and  it  would  also 
attract  some  who  were  not  quite  prepared  to  do  its  work.  In 
these  two  ways,  then,  the  gap  between  the  grades  already  rep- 
resented in  the  Model  School  and  the  High  School  would  be 
filled  up. 

Mr.  Bass,  who  had  formerly  been  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education,  had  consented  to  act  until  a  suitable  suc- 
cessor could  be  found.  This  suitable  successor  was  Richard 
Edwards  who  was  a  gradute  of  the  famous  Bridgewater, 
Mass.,  Normal  School.  Dr.  Edwards  was  principal  and  presi- 
dent (the  title  being  changed  in  1866)  from  1862  till  1874. 
He  was  followed  by  Edwin  C.  Hewett,  a  graduate  of  the  same 
school,  who  was  president  from  1874  till  1890.  The  adminis- 
trations of  these  two  men  cover  a  span  of  twenty-eight  years. 
When  to  this  fact  is  added  another,  viz. :  that  for  sixteen  years 
of  this  time  Thomas  Metcalf,  also  a  Bridgewater  graduate, 
was  the  active  head  and  front  of  all  of  the  Model  School  ex- 
cept the  High  School,  it  becomes  evident  that  it  is  appropriate 
to  call  this  span  of  twenty-eight  years 

THE  PERIOD  OF  THE  BRIDGEWATER  IDEA 

Dr.  Edwards  believed  that,  according  to  the  terms  of  the 
legislative  act  of  February  18,  1857,  the  Model  School  was  an 
"auxiliary  school"  and  must  not,  therefore,  be  a  charge  upon 


80  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

the  state :  Tuition  was  charged  all  pupils  who  lived  outside  of 
the  Normal  school  district,  and  an  arrangement  was  entered 
into  whereby  the  money  raised  by  taxation  in  Normal  school 
district  was  turned  over  to  the  University  in  payment  for  the 
instruction  of  the  pupils  in  the  Model  School. 

It  has  never  been  shown  that  the  tuition  from  the  Model 
School  ever  paid  the  teachers'  salaries  and  the  expense  of 
housing  it.  The  total  tuition  receipts  for  the  first  year  were 
$439.50,  and  this  is  obviously  less  than  the  salary  of  the  ac- 
complished Miss  Brooks.  Nevertheless,  the  plan  of  charging 
a  tuition  fee  continued  till  1901,  when  a  union  with  the  city 
school  was  established. 

In  the  year  1861-62,  the  Model  School  had  an  attendance 
of  133.  The  following  year  the  attendance  rose  to  226.  This 
increase  was  almost  wholly  due  to  the  growth  of  the  town's 
population.  Mr.  Childs  and  Miss  Ketcham  left  the  school  at 
the  end  of  this  year,  and  the  following  year,  1863-4,  found  a 
new  set  of  teachers  in  the  Model  School.  Air.  William  L. 
Pillsbury,  a  recent  graduate  of  Harvard,  was  elected  principal 
of  the  Model  School,  having  for  his  assistants,  Miss  Marion 
Hammond,  of  St.  Louis,  in  the  primary  department;  Miss 
Bandusia  Wakefield,  assistant  in  the  primary  department ;  and 
Mr.  Lyman  B.  Kellogg,  an  additional  instructor.  The  great 
purpose  of  the  Model  School,  according  to  Dr.  Edwards,  was 
"the  thorough  fitting  of  boys  for  the  best  colleges  of  the  coun- 
try."* The  realization  of  this  purpose  required  a  continuous 
series  of  grades  from  the  primary  through  the  high  school. 
Accordingly,  in  1864,  Mr.  Lyman  Hutchinson  was  secured  to 
have  charge  of  pupils  of  grammar  school  grade.  It  should  be 
borne  in  mind  that  Dr.  Edwards  came  from  Massachusetts 
where  below  the  high  school  they  have,  to  this  day,  only  pri- 
mary schools  and  grammar  schools.  It  required  an  additional 
two  years  to  introduce  the  idea  of  an  Intermediate  Depart- 
ment. Consequently,  in  1866,  we  find  Miss  Edith  T.  Johnson 
in  full  charge  of  the  Primary  Department;  Olive  A.  Rider, 
in  charge  of  the  Intermediate  Department;  John  W.  Cook, 
in  charge  of  the  Grammar  School  Department;  and  Mr.  W. 
L.  Pillsbury  nominally  in  charge  of  all  of  the  Model  School 
and  really  in  charge  of  the  High  School  Department. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  year  1868-9,  the  public  school  was 
established  separately.  This  action  reduced  the  attendance  of 
the  Model  School  from  630  to  318.  In  consequence,  we  find 


"History  of  I.  S.  N.  U.  (1882),  p.  197. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  81 

that  from  1868  to  1894  (twenty-six  years!),  there  were  prac- 
tically only  three  departments  in  the  Model  School,  the  Pri- 
mary Department,  the  Grammar  Department,  and  the  High 
School  Department.  To  this  must  be  added  the  additional 
fact  that  the  heads  of  these  departments  were  teaching  most 
of  the  time.  It  had  also  been  conceded  that  the  students  in 
the  Normal  School  should  "learn  to  teach  by  teaching."  But 
blind  experience  is  of  little  avail.  Supervision  and  criticism 
are  necessary.  How  were  these  secured  ? 

From  1862  to  1874,  it  was  assumed  that  the  president  of 
the  school  could  and  would  do  all  the  supervision  and  criticism 
that  was  necessary.  Seniors  were  required  to  bring  their 
classes  in  the  Model  School  before  their  classmates  and  the 
president  for  an  occasional  exercise.  The  president  spent  what 
time  he  could  in  visiting  classes,  but  found  that  he  could  not 
do  all  that  ought  to  be  done.  Accordingly,  in  1874,  Prof. 
Thomas  Metcalf  was  transferred  from  his  position  as  profes- 
sor of  mathematics  and  made  supervisor  of  the  training  de- 
partment. This  relation  continued  from  1874  to  1894, — a 
fifth  of  a  century  of  consecrated  work. 

Prior  to  1874,  the  High  School  had  had  as  principals, 
Charles  F.  Childs,  1862-3;  W.  L.  Pillsbury,  1863-70;  Mary 
E.  Horton,  1870-71 ;  E.  W.  Coy,  1871-73.  The  Grammar 
Department  grew  out  of  the  appointment  of  L.  B.  Kellogg  as 
an  assistant  in  the  Model  School  in  1863.  The  successive 
principals  of  this  department  were  Lyman  Hutchinson,  1864- 
66;  John  W.  Cook,  1866-68;  Joseph  Carter,  1868-70;  B.  W. 
Baker,  1870-74.  In  addition  to  the  ones  already  mentioned, 
the  primary  department  had  known  Miss  Lucia  Kingsley  and 
Miss  Gertrude  K.  Case.  The  latter  remained  till  1875. 

This  little  summary  will,  by  collecting  the  data,  allow  us 
to  follow  more  readily  the  course  of  the  Bridgewater  Idea 
under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Hewett. 

Dr.  Hewett  became  president  in  1876, — two  years  after 
Professor  Metcalf  assumed  charge  of  the  Training  Depart- 
ment. The  title  itself  is  suggestive  of  what  was  expected, 
viz.,  that  the  students  of  the  Normal  Department  were  to  be 
trained  in  actual  teaching.  This  involved,  in  a  way,  the  con- 
tinuance of  the  same  general  plan  that  President  Edwards  had 
established.  In  addition  it  involved  ( i )  the  separation  of  the 
High  School  from  the  rest  of  the  Model  School  under  strong 
teachers  and  assistants;  (2)  the  making  of  the  regular  teach- 
ers in  the  grades  of  the  Model  School  into  assistant  training 


82  SKMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

teachers;  (3)  a  more  effective  preparation  for  teaching  earlier 
in  the  course  of  the  Normal  School  students. 

This  more  effective  preparation  was  provided  for  by  "Ele- 
ments" in  the  first  term's  work  and  "Observation"  in  the  sec- 
ond term.  About  this  time,  Dr.  Hewett  published  his  Peda- 
gogy and  Psychology.  These  books  were  usually  studied  in 
the  third  and  fourth  terms  of  a  student's  work.  The  philoso- 
phy of  education  was  studied  in  the  senior  year. 

As  the  school  grew  in  numbers,  there  were  more  people 
"due  in  teaching."  Professor  Metcalf  found  it  impossible  to 
supervise  all  of  the  students  who  were  learning  to  teach.  In 
consequence  the  persons  in  charge  of  the  departments  became 
in  fact,  if  not  in  name,  assistants  to  Professor  Metcalf.  Miss 
Jane  Pennell  (Carter)  was  at  the  head  of  the  Primary  De- 
partment 1875-76.  Miss  Armada  Paddock,  1876-79;  Miss 
Julia  E.  Kennedy,  1879-1889;  Miss  Ruth  Morris  (Kersey), 
1889-91.  In  the  Grammar  Department,  Mr.  W.  S.  Mills 
served  1875-76;  Charles  DeGarmo,  1876-83;  R.  R.  Reeder, 
1883-1890.  Messrs.  De  Garmo  and  Reeder  were  really  very 
strong  training  teachers  in  the  Grammar  Department. 

The  High  School  was  under  strong  men,  L.  L.  Burrington, 
1874-79;  E.  J.  James,  1879-82;  J.  D.  H.  Cornelius,  1882-3; 
H.  J.  Barton,  1883-1890.  They  had  for  assistants,  Fannie 
Fell,  Frances  Ohr,  Ida  M.  Hollis,  and  Edward  Manley.  Un- 
der such  teachers  the  High  School  became  an  exceedingly  ef- 
fective school  and  its  fame  spread  over  the  State.  The  course 
of  study  in  the  High  School  was  a  very  strong  college  pre- 
paratory course,  the  languages  being  taught  by  the  teachers 
mentioned  while  the  history,  literature,  mathematics,  and  sci- 
ence were  taken  by  High  School  pupils  with  the  regular  Nor- 
mal classes.  This  part  of  the  Model  School  remained  model, 
and  the  grades  below  the  High  School  were  the  real  Training 
School. 

By  the  year  1890,  the  newer  ideas  of  education  that  had, 
in  a  way,  been  the  outgrowth  of  the  theory  of  evolution,  were 
attracting  a  great  deal  of  attention.  The  influence  of  German 
philosophy  also  had,  thru  such  men  as  Dr.  W.  T.  Harris,  Geo. 
P.  Brown,  Charles  DeGarmo,  and  others,  made  an  impress 
upon  many  members  of  the  faculty.  In  the  80' s  there  was  a 
"Philosophy  Club"  in  Bloomington  that  sought  to  work  out 
the  educational  significance  of  some  of  the  writings  of  Kant 
and  Hegel.  All  this  philosophizing  tended  to  reveal  defects 
in  education.  And  these  defects  were  found  in  the  Model 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  83 

School  as  well  as  in  the  Normal  Department.  To  this  period 
of  criticism  and  the  experimentation  which  it  involved  we 
may  give  the  title 

THE  MODERN  TRANSITION 

In  1890,  John  W.  Cook,  became  president.  The  work  in 
"Elements"  was  dropped  and  pedagogy,  in  the  form  of  lectures 
based  on  the  history  of  education,  took  its  place.  This  was  to 
be  followed  by  special  method  courses,  involving  some  obser- 
vation, in  the  place  of  the  regular  Observation  of  the  former 
years.  Dewey's  Psychology,  with  its  strong  philosophic  basis, 
was  put  with  Rosenkranz'  Philosophy  of  Education  as  a  senior 
study.  A  greater  emphasis  was  placed  on  illustrative  lessons 
(from  which  a  philosophy  of  teaching  was  to  be  deduced),  and 
the  practice  teaching  before  one's  classmates,  that  had  been 
used  in  the  time  of  Dr.  Edwards,  was  revived  and  slightly 
changed  under  the  term  in  use  in  Germany, — viz. :  "Critiques." 

Frank  and  Charles  McMurry,  fresh  from  the  study  of  ed- 
ucation under  the  famous  Dr.  Rein — the  successor  of  Herbart 
in  Germany — brought  their  rich  ideas  regarding  the  materials 
and  the  methods  of  elementary  education  into  the  Model 
School.  Excursions  to  planing  mills,  houses  in  process  of 
construction,  the  city  hall,  the  campus,  the  cupola  of  the  main 
building;  work  in  sand  and  clay  to  reveal  what  was  known 
and  to  learn  new  things ;  fairy  stories,  myths,  legends,  heroes 
of  pioneer  times, — these  were  simply  evidences  that  there  was 
a  great  change  in  material  and  in  methods. 

The  Herbartian  influence  was  felt  most  in  the  literature, 
history,  geography,  and  science.  For  a  time,  this  led  to  a 
slighting  of  spelling  and  arithmetic  and  penmanship,  but  no 
serious  harm  resulted. 

There  was,  however,  a  change  in  organization.  At  first 
the  McMurrys  were  assistant  training  teachers  and  worked 
chiefly  in  the  first  six  grades.  In  1894,  Professor  Metcalf 
resigned  and  Charles  A.  McMurry  was  made  supervisor  of 
practice.  Grades  one,  two,  and  three  were  called  the  Primary 
Department  and  were  under  Mrs.  Lida  B.  McMurry  from 
1891  to  1900,  with  Mary  Hall  (Husted)  as  assistant  from 
1888  to  1893.  In  1894,  grades  four,  five,  and  six  were 
grouped  as  the  Intermediate  Department  and  were  placed  un- 
der Miss  Maud  Valentine,  who  remained  till  1900.  In  each 
of  these  departments  the  training  teachers  had  assistants  to 
care  for  the  pupils  in  the  rooms.  Grades  seven  and  eight  and 


84  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

the  preparatory  classes  were  grouped  under  the  Grammar  De- 
partment. In  this  department  there  was  a  principal  who 
taught  most  of  the  time  and  looked  after  the  discipline  of  the 
group,  and  also  a  training  teacher  whose  function  it  was  to 
look  after  the  teaching  work  of  the  students  of  the  Normal 
Department.  As  principals  of  the  Grammar  Department, 
there  were:  John  W.  Hall,  1890-92;  S.  F.  Parson,  1892-94; 
John  A.  Keith,  1894-96;  Andrew  Melville,  1896-1899;  F.  S. 
Bogardus,  1899-1903.  As  training  teachers  there  were:  Cora 
M.  Dodson  (Graham),  1894-5;  Kate  Mavity  (Martin), 
1895-6;  Anne  A.  Stanley,  1896-1900. 

Dr.  C.  A.  McMurry  remained  until  1899.  He  was  fol- 
lowed by  J.  J.  Wilkinson,  who  remained  for  the  year  1899- 
1900. 

All  this  while  the  conviction  that  the  true  function  of  a 
normal  school  is  to  train  teachers  for  the  public  schools  of  the 
State  was  growing.  The  attendance  of  the  Normal  depart- 
ment was  growing  also.  The  High  School  offered  little  op- 
portunity for  the  training  of  teachers  and  it  was  doubtful 
whether  it  paid  for  itself.  Governor  Altgeld  was  anxious  to 
do  what  he  could  for  the  betterment  of  the  state  educational 
institution.  All  sorts  of  arguments  pro  and  con  were  heard. 
There  are  very  few  people  who  really  know  just  why  it  was 
done  (and  they  keep  their  knowledge  to  themselves  very  ef- 
fectively), but  at  the  June  meeting  in  1895,  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation formally  abolished  the  High  School  that  had  been 
started  in  1861-2  by  Norton  and  Childs.  The  former  students 
of  the  High  School  who  so  desired  and  who  had  not  taken 
part  in  a  "midnight  burial  of  the  High  School"  were  allowed 
to  finish  the  course  they  had  entered  upon,  but  there  was  no 
longer  an  organized  group  having  a  home  in  room  12. 

O.  L.  Manchester  was  principal  of  the  High  School  from 
1890  till  1895,  the  date  of  its  abolishment. 

During  this  period  President  Cook,  who  had  taught  classes 
in  the  Model  School  in  the  8o's,  endeavored  to  get  the  different 
members  of  the  faculty  to  observe  the  work  of  their  depart- 
ments in  the  Model  School,  to  supervise  it,  to  teach  classes, 
and  to  help  in  formulating  the  course  of  study  for  the  grades. 
To  the  extent  that  this  was  done,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  both  the 
Model  School  and  the  classes  in  the  Normal  Department 
profited. 

In  1892,  the  legislature  appropriated  money  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  training  school  building.  The  completion  of  this 
building  allowed  the  grades  of  the  Model  School  to  expand 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  85 

and  to  assume  the  proportions  and  activities  of  an  ordinary 
graded  school. 

The  recital  that  has  just  been  given  is  sufficient  proof  that 
the  period  was  one  of  transition.  And  the  transition  was  in- 
creased rather  than  retarded  by  the  forces  that  were  set  in 
operation  by  President  Tompkins  in  the  year  1899-1900.  The 
organization  remained  as  it  had  been  under  President  Cook, 
but  the  discussions  led  by  President  Tompkins  in  the  faculty 
meetings  paved  the  way  for  a  great  change  in  organization  in 
the  year  following.  President  Tompkins  succeeded  in  getting 
the  teachers  of  the  Normal  Department  to  work  out  a  course 
of  study  for  the  grades  of  the  Model  School,  and  to  assume 
some  responsibility  for  the  work  of  their  respective  depart- 
ments in  the  training  school. 

This  account  has  now  been  brought  down  to  1900,  the  time 
at  which  David  Felmley  became  president  of  the  school.  What 
remains  to  be  said  belongs  under  the  heading 

THE  PRESENT  TENDENCIES 

Following  the  lead  opened  by  President  Tompkins,  the 
organization  of  the  Model  School  has  been  changed  so  that 
there  is  a  training  teacher  for  each  grade.  This  makes  it  pos- 
sible to  keep  the  school  model  and  to  provide  for  training  stu- 
dents to  teach.  Above  all,  it  makes  it  possible  for  student 
teachers  to  "catch  on"  to  the  actual  situation  in  a  given  grade 
before  they  "take  hold."  This  plan  is  supplemented  by  the 
co-operation  of  the  Normal  School  teachers  regarding  both 
the  course  of  study  and  the  supervision.  The  students  are  to 
have  had  three  terms'  work  in  psychology  and  pedagogy  be- 
fore they  begin  teaching  at  all. 

In  1901  a  union  with  the  village  schools  of  Normal  was 
effected  with  the  belief  that  it  would  be  mutually  advanta- 
geous. It  is  the  general  opinion  that  the  results  justified  the 
belief,  but  there  was  constant  objection  on  the  part  of  some 
taxpayers.  Finally,  in  1906,  the  union  was  dissolved  by  a 
decision  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  consequence,  the  plan  of  a 
private  school  has  been  resorted  to  again,  but  the  tuition  fea- 
ture has  been  given  up  on  the  ground  that  a  training  depart- 
ment is  as  essential  a  part  of  a  normal  school  as  is  a  depart- 
ment of  mathematics,  science,  or  psychology;  and,  therefore, 
it  need  not  be,  under  the  charter,  self-supporting. 

The  Lindley  Bill  of  1905,  has  rendered  necessary  the  or- 
ganization of  a  department  to  take  care  of  the  graduates  of 


86  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

the  eighth  grade  who  come  with  scholarships  and  who  do  not 
wish  to  take  the  pledge  to  teach.  Such  a  department  was  or- 
ganized by  the  Board  of  Education  at  its  meeting  in  June, 
1906,  under  the  name  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University 
High  School.  Just  what  form  this  new  High  School  will 
take,  no  one  can  tell;  but  the  indications  are  that  it  will  be- 
come a  school  especially  strong  in  manual  training  and  science. 
And  such  a  high  school  will  afford  an  opportunity  to  prepare 
young  men  and  young  women  for  effective  teaching  in  what 
is  really  "the  advanced  classes  in  the  people's  college." 

In  the  years  since  1900,  the  organization  of  the  Model 
School  has  brought  many  teachers  into  connection  with  it. 
Elizabeth  Mavity  (Cunningham)  was  supervisor  of  practice 
from  1901  to  1906.  In  1906,  the  writer  of  this  article  became 
her  successor  as  Head  of  the  Training  Department.  In  the 
Primary  Department,  there  have  been  as  training  teachers, 
Anna  King,  1900-03;  Jessie  Cunningham  (Whitten),  1900- 
03;  Will  Johnson,  1900-02;  Lura  M.  Eyestone,  1901-05; 
Lora  M.  Dexheimer,  1902-07;  Florence  G.  Stevens,  1903- 
04;  Lora  Peck,  1904-07;  Miss  Fraser,  1907.  In  the  Inter- 
mediate Department,  there  have  been  as  training  teachers, 
Genevieve  Clarke,  1900-01 ;  Clara  Snell,  1900-01 ;  Eleanor 
Hampton,  1900-04;  Jessie  M.  Dillon,  1901-07;  Clara  Trim- 
ble, 1902-03;  Marien  C.  Lyon,  1903-04;  Rebekah  Lesem, 
1904-07;  Helen  Purcell,  1906-07.  In  the  Grammar  Grades' 
Department,  there  have  been  as  training  teachers,  F.  S.  Bo- 
gardus,  1899-1903;  Rose  Bland,  1901-06;  I.  N.  Warner, 
1903-07;  Alice  Perle  Watson,  1904-06;  Herbert  Dixon^ 
1906;  George  B.  Kendall,  1906-07;  Olive  L.  Barton, 
1906-07. 

A  kindergarten  was  established  in  1902  and  has  been  under 
the  direction  of  Miss  Caroleen  Robinson  to  the  present  time. 
It  has  proved  especially  profitable  to  those  who  are  preparing 
for  teaching  in  the  primary  grades. 

No  one  can  properly  estimate  the  influence  the  Model 
School  has  had  upon  those  who  have  been  touched  by  it.  Its 
thousands  of  pupils  are  scattered  all  over  the  land.  Thousands 
of  students  in  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University  have 
learned  in  it  not  only  the  technique  of  teaching,  but  also  the 
fine  art  of  inspiring  boys  and  girls  with  high  ideals.  And  the 
teachers  who  have  labored  in  it  have  had,  without  exception, 
I  believe,  the  desire  to  be  of  genuine  service  to  those  who  were 
learning  to  teach  and  to  the  children  who  were  learning  to  live. 


JOSEPH  ADDISON  SEWEU, 
1860-1877. 


THOMAS   METCALF 
1862-1894. 


ALBERT  STETSON  HENRY  McCoRMicK 

1862-1887.  1869-1907. 

A  GROUP  OK  GREAT  TEACHERS 

These  four  men  taught  a  total  of  one  hundred  twelve  years  in  the 
Illinois  State  Normal  University 


CHAPTER  VII 
HISTORY  OF  THE  FACULTY 

BY  JOHN  WILLISTON  COOK,  CLASS  OF  1865 


I  entered  the  Normal  School  in  September,  1862,  at  the  be- 
ginning of  its  sixth  year.  The  new  building  had  been  in  use 
two  years.  It  had  not  yet  worn  off  the  first  gloss  and  to  my 
inexperienced  eyes  it  was  a  majestic  structure.  It  stood  then, 
as  now,  four-square  to  the  world,  not  obtrusive  and  self-assert- 
ive, but  modestly  uncompromising  with  regard  to  all  matters 
pertaining  to  sincerity  of  purpose  and  thoroness  of  scholar- 
ship. From  the  day  of  my  admission  until  the  first  day  of 
September,  1899,  with  the  exception  of  the  school  year,  '65-6, 
I  was  connected  with  the  institution  as  pupil  or  teacher.  The 
only  teachers  of  the  first  forty-two  years  of  the  life  of  the 
school  with  whom  I  was  not  associated  personally  were  those 
of  the  first  five  years  whose  service  ended  before  the  beginning 
of  the  sixth  year.  With  nearly  all  of  these  I  became  acquainted 
subsequently.  It  was  a  notable  company.  In  the  group  were 
several  teachers  whose  superiors  I  have  never  seen.  If  in  the 
following  pages  there  shall  appear  occasionally  what  may  seem 
to  be  extreme  praise,  it  is  to  be  understood  that  it  is  written 
with  the  calmest  deliberation  and  with  the  purpose  of  telling 
nothing  but  the  truth. 

CHARLES   EDWARD    HOVEY 

The  most  interesting  man  connected  with  the  school  before  1861  was 
Charles  Edward  Hovey,  the  first  president.  He  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Thetford,  Vermont,  on  the  26th  day  of  April,  1827.  He  was  one  of  eleven 
children,  four  of  whom  were  girls.  They  were  a  wiry,  long-lived  race, 
with  no  end  of  endurance  and  pluck.  At  the  age  of  seven  he  was  sent  to 
the  public  school,  a  couple  of  miles  away,  and  was  soon  made  acquainted 
with  the  "fragrant  birch."  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  he  alternated 
the  labors  of  the  farm  with  an  occasional  term  of  school  until  he  was 
fifteen,  when  he  began  his  career  as  a  teacher. 

He  was  soon  at  the  head  of  a  village  school  with  a  salary  of  twenty 
dollars  a  month  and  began  to  believe  in  himself  and  in  the  future.  His  sec- 
ond effort  was  less  successful  than  the  first,  however,  and  while  waiting  for 


88  SEMI-CENTENNIAL,  HISTORY 

destiny  to  show  her  hand  he  "took  to  the  woods"  and  became  a  lumber- 
man. But  the  love  of  culture  pursued  him  into  the  solitudes  and  in  1848 
he  bade  farewell  to  the  logging  camp  and  entered  Dartmouth  college, 
from  which  institution  he  graduated  in  1852,  supporting  himself  thruout 
his  whole  course  by  teaching  school. 

.  With  the  long-coveted  diploma  in  hand  the  great  question  of  choosing 
a  profession  could  no  longer  be  deferred.  Like  many  before  him  and  since, 
he  became  a  teacher  without  intending  it.  He  drifted  down  to  Framing- 
ham,  Massachusetts,  and  became  the  principal  of  the  Academy  and  High 
School.  He  describes  the  "Preceptress"  as  a  paragon  of  grace  and  beauty. 
An  acquaintance  of  more  than  forty  years  with  her  convinces  me  that  his 
judgment  was  not  in  fault. 

In  1854  an  association  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Peoria,  Illinois,  deter- 
mined to  establish  a  school  for  boys  and  young  men  in  their  growing  young 
city.  In  casting  about  for  a  principal  they  heard  of  the  young  man  at  the 
Framingham  school.  They  invited  him  to  come  west  and  take  charge  of 
their  new  enterprise.  Accompanied  by  the  "Preceptress"  he  arrived  in 
Peoria  late  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year. 

The  dominating  sentiment  of  the  town  was  essentially  southern,  which 
is  but  another  way  of  saying  that  there  was  little  sentiment  favorable  to 
public  schools.  The  newcomer  had  imported  his  ideas  on  that  subject, 
along  with  his  other  belongings,  and  was  not  slow  in  giving  them  an 
airing.  The  effect  was  to  set  the  conservatives  buzzing  about  his  ears 
like  angry  hornets  whose  nest  had  been  disturbed. 

The  story  were  long  to  tell.  It  is  enuf  to  say  that  the  sleepy  town 
awoke  one  morning  to  a  genuine  sensation.  The  pestilent  fellow  from 
New  England,  along  with  a  few  other  pestilent  fellows  of  his  ilk,  had  con- 
cocted a  conspiracy  and  had  actually  secured  the  passage  of  an  act  by  the 
General  Assembly  which  amended  the  city  charter  and  left  the  chivalry 
in  a  condition  of  hopeless  paralysis;  like  Braddock's  unfortunate  army, 
of  which  the  genial  Autocrat  sings : 

«*    *    *    Tjone  so  brown 

Left  without  a  scalp  to  its  crown." 

And  this  was  really  the  beginning  of  the  great  public  school  system, 
of  which,  along  with  her  big  distilleries,  Peoria  is  so  proud. 

So  it  was  that  the  private  schools  came  to  a  happy  death  and  lived 
again  in  the  new,  public,  common  schools,  with  their  principal  as  the  head 
of  the  high  school  and  superintendent  of  the  system. 

Meanwhile  other  schemes  were  astir.  It  must  suffice  to  say  that  there 
was  a  "fund,"  a  snug  and  substantial  "fund,"  at  the  disposal  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  and  that  the  schoolmasters  and  the  college  people  had  wind 
of  it  and  that  both  parties  were  waiting  with  such  patience  as  they  could 
command  until  the  strong  box  of  the  state  had  enuf  in  it  to  make  an 
assault  upon  it  worth  while.  The  State  Teachers'  Association  meetings 
made  a  rallying  place  for  the  clans  and  memorable  were  the  discussions  of 
the  hostile  camps.  The  college  men  were  calling  loudly  for  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  funds  among  their  institutions.  Not  a  few  of  the  public  school 
men  were  disposed  to  favor  their  scheme.  A  party  headed  by  Professor 
Turner,  of  Jacksonville,  advocated  the  establishment  of  an  industrial  uni- 
versity and  the  application  of  the  funds  to  that  highly  respectable  purpose. 
The  leading  public  school  men,  however,  wanted  a  Normal  School  and  laid 
their  wires  accordingly. 

In  1854  the  Association  met  in  Peoria.  It  was  Hovey's  introduction 
to  the  Illinois  Schoolmasters.  Guessing  as  to  the  crowd  into  which  his 
sympathies  would  take  him  was  an  easy  matter.  He  went  to  the  Normal 
School  contingent  with  all  of  his  heart  and  he  was  a  big  re-enforcement. 
Tireless,  full  of  resources,  and  pluck  to  the  backbone,  he  went  into  the 
fight  for  the  education  of  teachers  for  the  common  schools  with  all  of  his 
characteristic  energy  and  enthusiasm. 


STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  89 

It  was  soon  apparent  that  there  was  great  need  of  an  "organ"  for 
the  purpose  of  keeping  the  project  on  the  go  the  year  around,  so  The  Illi- 
nois Teacher  was  soon  launched  upon  the  unchartered  sea  of  educational 
journalism.  Hovey  took  hold  of  the  enterprise  and  assumed  the  editorial 
and  business  management.  "The  Preceptress"  handled  the  subscription 
list  and  personally  mailed  the  magazines.  In  a  year  the  circulation  ran  up 
to  fifteen  hundred  and  in  another  it  touched  the  two  thousand  mark. 

But  the  editor  had  larger  fish  to  fry  and  left  The  Teacher  to  other 
hands  after  the  close  of  the  second  year.  He  had  made  good  use  of  his 
opportunity.  He  had  found  an  audience  and  had  kept  the  normal  school 
idea  before  the  people.  At  last  Professor  Turner  and  his  followers  came 
into  the  normal  camp  and  the  battle  was  won. 

The  chronicler  is  sorely  tempted  to  turn  aside  at  this  point  and  recount 
the  main  features  of  that  historic  fight.  Space  will  not  permit  the  digres- 
sion, however,  and  it  must  suffice  to  remark  that  Hon.  S.  W.  Moulton,  of 
Shelbyville,  had  charge  of  the  bill  in  the  House,  and  Captain  J.  S.  Post, 
of  Decatur,  in  the  Senate.  The  State  Teachers'  Association  had  appointed 
a  legislative  committee  consisting  of  Simeon  Wright,  Charles  E.  Hovey, 
and  Daniel  Wilkins.  They  were  intensely  active  members  of  "The  Third 
House"  during  that  session.  The  Senate  entered  into  the  spirit  of  the 
movement  in  a  very  cordial  manner  and  passed  the  bill  with  but  four  dis- 
senting votes.  The  House,  however,  was  less  complaisant  and  the  struggle 
was  intensely  animated.  Thirty-eight  votes  were  needed  to  pass  the 
measure;  thirty-nine  \vere  finally  secured.  Of  course  thirty-eight  were 
as  good  as  seventy-five,  in  the  eyes  of  the  constitution,  but  the  margin  seems 
pretty  narrow  when  there  is  but  one  to  spare.  The  act  contained  the 
names  of  the  first  board  and  in  the  list  will  be  found  that  of  Charles  E. 
Hovey.  When  it  is  understood  that  there  was  then  but  one  Normal  School 
in  the  Northwest  and  that  the  first  American  Normal  School  was  but 
eighteen  years  old,  it  will  be  conceded  that  the  victory  was  a  notable  one. 

You  have  read  in  an  earlier  chapter  of  this  history  all  about  Major's 
Hall  and  the  memorable  opening  with  Mr.  Hovey  and  Mr.  Moore  and 
Miss  Mary  Brooks  as  the  faculty.  The  latter  had  been  engaged  as  the 
teacher  of  the  Model  School.  Doubtless  you  have  also  read  the  names  of 
the  six  young  men  and  the  thirteen  young  women  who  made  a  place  for 
themselves  in  history  by  being  present  on  the  first  day.  The  numbers  do 
not  seem  especially  encouraging  in  these  days  of  large  attendance  yet  it 
is  worth  mentioning  that  they  were  six  times  the  number  that  greeted 
Cyrus  Pierce  at  Lexingon  on  his  opening  day. 

And  now  began  the  construction  of  the  building  that  was  to  house  the 
new  institution.  The  cornerstone  was  laid  September  29,  with  imposing 
ceremonies.  A  cannie  Scot,  one  Robert  Burns  by  name,  has  shrewdly  re- 
marked, "There's  many  a  slip  'twixt  the  cup  and  the  lip."  Laying  corner- 
stones is  a  mere  holiday  matter.  Building  hundred-thousand  dollar  struc- 
tures on  doubtful  subscriptions  and  in  times  of  financial  disaster  is  quite 
another  proposition.  Three  years  were  to  pass  before  the  building  should 
be  completed,  and  they  were  years  of  panics  and  failures,  years  that  fur- 
rowed lines  of  care  in  the  faces  of  business  men  who  saw  their  fortunes 
swept  away  in  a  night.  But  the  contract  was  let  and  the  work  begun. 
The  frosts  of  December,  however,  almost  killed  the  tender  plant.  Work 
was  suspended  for  lack  of  funds  and  the  suspension  continued  for  a  year 
and  a  half.  Meanwhile  many  of  the  subscribers  became  insolvent  and 
others  were  seriously  crippled.  Some  substantially  repudiated  their  prom- 
ises and  there  was  trouble  enuf.  You  will  find  it  all  written  in  the 
former  History  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University  and  in  the  charm- 
ing style  of  Mr.  Hovey  himself.  But  what  he  would  not  say  others  were 
willing  to  testify.  I  have  heard  Mr.  Fell  remark  many  times  that  the  en- 
terprise would  have  been  a  disastrous  failure  but  for  the  dauntless  courage, 
the  untiring  energy  and  the  unconquerable  will  of  Charles  E.  Hovey.  By 


90  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

dint  of  borrowing  on  his  own  name,  and  upon  those  of  such  of  his  friends 
as  would  hazard  their  property  in  a  doubtful  enterprise,  by  begging  from 
every  available  person  who  seemed  to  have  anything  to  give,  by  fighting 
off  the  contractors,  discouraging  suits,  dodging  executions  and  perform- 
ing other  marvels,  he  finally  carried  his  enterprise  thru  and  saw  the  first 
class  graduate  in  the  unfinished  building  in  June,  1860.  There  was  a 
colossal  debt  remaining  but  he  did  not  care  for  that.  He  knew  that  the 
General  Assembly  would  never  let  the  school  die  now  that  it  was  so  well 
established.  At  the  next  session,  in  1861,  he  organized  an  excursion  and 
brought  all  of  the  members  up  from  Springfield  and  entertained  them  with 
a  great  dinner  in  the  school  building.  I  well  remember  the  night.  My 
father  was  one  of  the  visiting  "statesmen."  We  lived  a  few  miles  up  the 
country  and  sat  up  to  await  his  return  home.  His  recital  of  the  events  at 
the  banquet  on  that  stormy  February  night  nearly  fifty  years  ago  is  one 
of  my  earliest  recollections  of  the  normal  school. 

While  the  new  school  was  getting  upon  its  feet  and  struggling  with 
its  many  difficulties  our  great  national  conflict  was  rapidly  approaching. 
The  air  was  full  of  angry  declamation.  Men  went  about  with  faces  full 
of  care,  for  no  one  could  tell  what  dreadful  disaster  was  impending.  The 
school  was  greatly  disturbed.  The  young  men  were  beginning  to  drill 
upon  the  open  prairie.  Several  enlistments  indicated  plainly  that  unless 
something  was  done  promptly  there  would  be  no  young  men  in  the  gradu- 
ating class.  Mr.  Hovey  told  the  boys  that  if  they  would  wait  until  the  end 
of  the  year  he  would  go  with  them  into  the  army.  There  were  no  further 
enlistments.  Companies  were  formed  for  drill  and  a  martial  spirit  per- 
vaded the  institution.  Every  day  at  the  close  of  school  the  splendid  young 
fellows,  burning  with  patriotic  ardor,  shouldered  their  wooden  muskets 
and  repaired  to  the  parade  ground.  And  the  splendid  young  women,  moved 
by  a  kindred  enthusiasm,  made  flags  for  them,  watched  their  evolutions, 
and  fed  the  fires  of  their  enthusiasm  with  encouraging  smiles  and  words 
of  praise.  At  the  end  of  the  school  year  a  class  of  six  young  men  and 
two  young  women  received  their  diplomas.  Five  of  the  six  were  to  enter 
the  army  and  were  to  be  followed  by  many  of  the  undergraduates. 

Mr.  Hovey  determined  to  go  to  Washington  City  to  do  some  recon- 
noitering  on  his  own  account.  He  and  Mr.  Jesse  W.  Fell  reached  the  city 
just  in  time  to  hear  very  disquieting  rumors  from  the  front.  It  was  re- 
ported that  a  great  battle  had  been  fought  and  lost.  In  a  few  hours  strag- 
glers began  to  pour  into  Washington,  confirming  the  rumors  of  a  dreadful 
defeat.  Mr.  Fell  and  Mr.  Hovey,  burning  with  a  desire  to  ascertain  the 
truth  for  themselves,  applied  for  passes  to  cross  the  Potomac.  They  were 
refused.  Getting  possession  of  a  boat  they  made  their  own  way  to  Alex- 
andria, where  they  found  a  train  of  flat  cars  pulling  out  with  re-enforce- 
ments for  the  front.  They  mounted  the  cars  with  the  soldiers  and  were 
soon  at  the  end  of  their  journey  by  rail.  Everywhere  there  were  unmis- 
takable indications  that  the  battle  was  on.  Mr.  Fell,  true  to  his  primary 
instincts,  stopped  at  the  first  field  hospital,  threw  off  his  coat,  and  gave 
his  services  to  the  surgeons.  Mr.  Hovey  pushed  on.  When  the  road  filled 
with  a  retreating  column  he  retired  to  the  woods  and  waited  until  it  had 
passed.  He  continued  his  advance  until  he  had  reached  the  line  where 
the  men  were  engaged.  He  was  one  of  the  few  civilians  who  witnessed  at 
least  a  part  of  the  battle  of  Bull  Run. 

His  reconnoitering  satisfied  him  that  there  was  going  to  be  more  than 
a  three  months'  war.  He  called  upon  the  president  and  tendered  his  ser- 
vices. They  were  accepted.  The  order  was  transmitted  to  Governor 
Yates  by  the  Secretary  of  War.  Mr.  Hovey  came  home  and  raised  the 
Thirty-third  Regiment  of  Volunteers.  The  companies  were  made  up  from 
the  students  of  the  Normal  School,  of  Knox  College,  of  Illinois  College, 
and  from  such  friends  of  those  students  as  desired  to  join  the  regiment. 
In  August  they  were  in  Camp  Butler,  near  Springfield.  Here  they  elected 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  91 

their  officers,  all  of  whom  were  approved  by  the  governor  except  the  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, and  were  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States 
for  a  term  of  three  years. 

Immediately  after,  they  joined  General  Fremont  and  found  their  first 
service  in  guarding  the  railroad  bridges  from  the  torch  of  the  enemy. 
Their  winter  quarters  were  at  Arcadia,  Missouri.  On  the  2ist  of  March, 
1862,  they  broke  camp  and  started  south.  "The  Preceptress"  was  there 
and  saw  the  boys  march  away  in  a  furious  snowstorm.  She  left  the  regi- 
ment, whose  guest  she  had  been  for  several  months,  and  returned  to  her 
home  in  Normal  to  await  the  uncertain  issues  of  war.  A  gray-haired  vet- 
eran once  told  me  how  he  looked  in  through  the  window  where  she  and 
some  of  the  wives  of  the  other  officers  were  contributing  to  the  festivities 
of  the  camp  in  order  that  he  might  get  another  glimpse  of  "Dot"  Hovey 
before  they  marched  away  for  the  serious  business  that  awaited  them  in 
Mississippi. 

There  was  constant  skirmishing  but  no  serious  engagement  until  the 
battle  of  the  Cache.  There  Colonel  Hovey  with  his  regiment  met  a  force 
of  twelve  times  his  number  and  administered  to  them  a  most  demoralizing 
defeat.  For  his  gallant  conduct  in  this  most  unevenly  matched  engage- 
ment he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brigadier  general. 

After  the  battle  the  army  proceeded  to  Helena  where  General  Hovey 
left  the  33rd  regiment,  having  been  ordered  to  join  General  Halleck.  He 
was  assigned  to  a  brigade  and  went  to  Vicksburg  with  Sherman  and  par- 
ticipated in  the  capture  of  Chickasaw  Bayou.  From  there  he  returned 
up  the  Mississippi  River  to  the  Arkansas  River  and  participated  in  the  cap- 
ture of  Arkansas  Post  where  he  was  twice  wounded.  He  then  returned 
to  Vicksburg  where  Grant  was  in  command. 

Not  long  after  these  events,  so  imperfectly  told  because  of  the  lack 
of  adequate  space,  General  Hovey  left  the  army.  His  reasons  were  per- 
sonal, at  least  in  part.  He  felt  that  an  injustice  had  been  done  him  and 
that  he  could  not  honorably  remain.  The  president  had  nominated  from 
Illinois  more  brigadier  generals  than  the  state  was  entitled  to  and  when 
the  Senate  met  and  the  question  of  their  confirmation  came  up,  an  influential 
friend  of  the  president  secured  the  confirmation  of  a  later  appointee.  This 
would  have  resulted  in  making  General  Hovey  subordinate  to  some  men 
whom  he  had  previously  ranked,  if  he  should  remain  in  the  army,  for  the 
president  urged  him  to  remain  and  promised  to  re-appoint  him.  Doubtless 
a  splendid  career  was  open  to  him.  That  he  would  have  ranked  with 
McPherson,  Logan,  and  the  other  volunteer  generals  who  attained  such 
honorable  fame  no  one  who  knew  him  doubted.  He  was  the  peer  of  any 
of  the  officers  with  whom  he  was  associated  and  was  so  recognized  by  the 
head  of  the  department  to  which  he  belonged. 

After  leaving  the  army  he  remained  for  a  time  in  the  south  but  in 
1865  he  removed  to  Washintgon  City  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the 
law.  In  1882  he  came  out  to  celebrate  with  us  our  twenty-fifth  anniver- 
sary. What  he  had  to  say  on  that  occasion  can  be  found  in  the  first 
history  of  the  school. 

For  several  years  General  Hovey  was  in  delicate  health.  In  the 
spring  of  '97  I  invited  him  to  come  again  and  participate  in  the  exercises 
of  our  fortieth  anniversary  celebration.  No  other  person  of  my  acquaint- 
ance would  have  thought  for  a  moment  of  undertaking  the  trip  in  the 
condition  in  which  he  was.  On  the  i8th  day  of  June  I  met  him  on  the 
platform  in  Bloomington  but  was  not  prepared  for  the  merest  shadow  of 
his  former  self  that  staggered  toward  me  when  he  alighted  from  the  train. 
He  was  barely  able  to  walk,  from  excessive  weakness  and  from  the  weari- 
ness of  his  long  trip.  My  salutation  was  greeted  with  his  characteristic 
grit — "Tough  as  a  bear."  He  went  to  my  home  and  to  his  bed.  He  was 
able  to  attend  two  or  three  of  the  meetings  and  to  speak  once  or  twice. 
It  was  a  hundred  days  before  he  could  undertake  his  return  trip.  It  was 


92  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

a  summer  of  almost  unexampled  heat  but  he  bore  the  confinement  of  his 
sick  room  without  a  murmur.  At  last  we  seized  what  seemed  to  be  a 
fairly  favorable  opportunity ;  he  nerved  himself  for  the  trial  and  succeeded 
in  reaching  his  home  accompanied  by  his  faithful  wife  and  her  sister.  He 
rallied  a  little  for  a  time,  but  on  November  17  he  died. 

A  short  stone's  throw  from  the  main  driveway  and  a  little  west  of  the 
old  Lee  mansion  at  Arlington  there  is  a  simple  stone  bearing  this  in- 
scription : 

GENERAL  CHARLES  EDWARD  HOVEY 
1827-1897 

Founder  and  First  Principal  Illinois  State  Normal  University. 

Private  and  Colonel  Thirty-Third  Illinois  Infantry. 

Brigadier  and  Bvt.  Major  General  U.S.V. 

Member  of  Bar,  Supreme  Court  U.S. 

Education — Arms — Law. 

Three  sons  were  born  to  Charles  E.  Hovey  and  Harriette  Spofford 
Hovey:  Edward,  who  died  in  his  early  childhood  and  is  buried  in  the 
Bloomington  cemetery;  Fred,  who  now  resides  in  Idaho;  Richard,  widely 
known  as  one  of  our  younger  American  poets  and  who  died  about  eight 
years  ago  and  who  is  buried  in  North  Andover,  Mass.  Mrs.  Hovey  lives 
in  Washington  City. 

General  Hovey  was  a  man  of  striking  appearance.  He  was  a  born 
leader  of  men.  Often  reticent,  singularly  impenetrable  so  far  as  his  plans 
were  concerned,  he  was  still  a  most  fascinating  talker  and  a  most  delight- 
ful companion.  Pages  might  be  written  respecting  his  indomitable  will 
and  his  unfailing  courage  and  hope.  His  generosity  was  unbounded.  He 
made  a  most  profound  impression  upon  the  young  people  who  came  within 
the  sphere  of  his  influence.  The  story  of  his  life  should  be  repeated  and  re- 
repeated  until  to  all  of  the  sons  and  daughters  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal 
University  his  name  shall  become  a  household  word. 

"Bugles ! 

And  in  my  heart  a  cry, 

Like  a  dim  echo  far  and  mournfully, 

Blown  back  to  answer  them  from  yesterday ! 

A  soldier's  funeral! 

November  hillsides  and  the  falling  leaves, 

Where  the  Potomac  broadens  to  the  tide — 

The  crisp  autumnal  silence  and  the  gray 

(As  of  a  solemn  ritual 

Whose  congregation  glories  as  it  grieves 

Widowed,  but  still  a  bride)  — 

The  long  hill  sloping  to  the  wave 

And  the  lone  bugler  standing  by  the  grave ! 

"Taps ! 

The  lonely  call  over  the  lonely  woodlands — 

Rising  like  the  soaring  of  wings, 

Like  the  flight  of  an  eagle, — 

Taps! 

They  sound  forever  in  my  heart." 

RICHARD  HOVEY,  in  Bugles. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  93 

IRA   MOORE. 

The  name  of  Ira  Moore  is  a  familiar  one  to  the  students  of  the  first 
ten  years  of  the  school.  He  was  Mr.  Hovey's  assistant  on  the  historic 
first  day  at  Major's  Hall  and  continued  as  teacher  until  the  organization 
of  the  33rd  Regiment,  in  1861.  Althp  he  was  connected  with  the  institu- 
tion but  four  years  his  work  was  so  distinctive  in  its  character  that  it  made 
a  lasting  mark  upon  the  method  of  instruction.  He  had  been  a  student  at 
Bridgewater  and  had  been  influenced,  doubtless,  by  the  traditional  thoro- 
ness  of  that  remarkable  school.  They  were  still  talking  about  him  when 
I  entered  the  Normal  School  altho  he  had  been  gone  for  a  year.  It  was 
said  of  him  that  there  was  no  comfort  for  any  student  in  his  classes  who 
did  not  do  his  work  in  a  creditable  manner. 

I  remember  when  I  first  saw  him.  On  March  14,  1864,  the  33rd  Regi- 
ment reached  Bloomington  on  a  thirty-day  furlough,  having  re-enlisted 
for  veteran  service.  I  recall  the  intense  enthusiasm  with  which  they  were 
received.  They  marched  thru  the  old  court  house  and  gave  a  dress  parade 
in  the  back  yard.  Only  a  portion  of  the  regiment  was  present  but  the  city 
outdid  itself  in  making  them  welcome.  Colonel  Potter  was  in  command 
and  Captain  Moore  was  at  the  head  of  Company  G.  He  returned  with 
his  company  for  veteran  service  but  was  obliged  to  resign  shortly  after 
because  of  ill  health. 

After  a  year  of  rest  he  resumed  teaching,  becoming  Professor  of 
Mathematics  in  the  University  of  Minnesota.  Later  he  was  for  six  years 
president  of  the  St.  Cloud  Normal  School.  In  18/5  he  went  to  Los  An- 
geles and  became  president  of  the  State  Normal^  School  located  at  that 
place.  He  made  a  notable  record,  remaining  in  tHe  school  until  1893.  He 
died  in  1895  and  was  buried  at  San  Jose. 

MARY  BROOKS 

Mary  Brooks,  the  first  principal  of  the  Model  School,  came  from  Peo- 
ria  where  she  had  been  teaching  with  Mr.  Hovey.  He  writes  of  her,  "She 
was  of  the  usual  height,  of  rather  large  frame,  a  little  gaunt  or  poor  in 
flesh,  with  a  head  to  delight  an  artist  and  with  a  face  so  sincere  and  win- 
ning as  to  greatly  impress,  I  will  not  say  to  fascinate  the  beholder.  Chil- 
dren loved  her  at  sight  and  the  love  was  returned.  It  was  genuine  and  I 
think  quite  involuntary  on  both  sides.  She  had,  or  seemed  to  have,  an 
intuitive  knowledge  of  a  child's  mind  at  different  stages  of  development 
and  a  genius  for  inventing  methods  to  aid  its  growth.  I  call  this  power 
intuition,  genius,  but  I  do  not  mean  that  it  came  to  her  without  effort. 
She  was  a  hard  student  of  books  and  of  nature.  When  a  model  school 
was  determined  upon  as  an  incident  and  an  annex  to  the  Normal  Univer- 
sity the  Board  of  Education,  on  the  advice  of  the  principal,  invited  Miss 
Brooks  to  come  and  take  charge  of  it.  Her  class  was  composed  of  chil- 
dren. It  was  intended  at  that  time  as  a  model  and  not  as  a  practice 
school  for  pupil-teachers.  I  shall  not  soon  forget  how  Mary  and  her 
little  friends  got  on  together  in  their  cramped  and  unsuitable  room  under 
a  corner  of  Majors  Hall,  nor  how  the  most  learned  man  of  the  Board, 
Dr.  Bunsen,  used  to  sit  for  hours,  sometimes  whole  days,  watching  Mary's 
work,  as  pleased  as  any  of  the  children,  and  apparently  unconscious  of 
the  lapse  of  time.  After  three  years  of  labor  the  first  teacher  in  the 
Model  School  resigned  to  become  Mrs.  James  Wiley,  of  Brimfield,  111. 
She  died  January  9,  1868." 

It  was  my  fortune  to  begin  my  teaching  as  principal  of  the  Brimfield 
schools.  I  was  greatly  surprised  to  find  the  Mary  Brooks  of  whom  I  had 
heard  so  much  a  resident  of  the  village.  She  was  in  all  ways  the  most 
influential  woman  in  the  community.  The  regard  in  which  she  was  held 
was  due  to  her  remarkable  qualities  as  a  mother  and  as  a  teacher  in  the 
Sunday  school.  She  was  at  once  so  charming  and  benignant  in  her  man- 


94  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

ners  that  all  acknowledged  her  gentle  sway,  and  her  own  utter  uncon- 
sciousness of  the  esteem  in  which  she  was  held  was  delightful.  I  could 
well  imagine  what  she  had  been  to  the  Model  School  five  years  before. 
She  set  the  standard  for  that  department  of  the  institution  and  thus  per- 
petuated her  own  skill  and  spirit. 

LEANDER  H.  POTTER 

Another  name  that  was  often  mentioned  in  my  hearing,  when  I  first 
went  to  the  Normal  School,  was  that  of  Leander  H.  Potter.  He  was  one 
of  the  early  teachers  who  left  with  the  Normal  regiment  in  the  summer 
of  '61.  The  students  who  were  under  his  instruction  always  expressed 
great  respect  and  affection  for  him.  He  occupied  the  chair  of  English 
Literature.  He  was  an  extremely  modest  and  quiet  man,  and  it  was 
necessary  to  be  in  somewhat  close  relations  with  him  to  discover  his  su- 
perior qualities.  A  brief  but  interesting  sketch  of  his  life  is  found  in 
The  History  of  the  Thirty-Third  Illinois  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry.  I 
quote  the  following : 

"Upon  the  organization  of  Company  A  he  was  chosen  to  be  its  chief 
without  question.  He  was  perhaps  the  best  captain  in  the  33rd.  His  com- 
pany was  always  soldierly  and  efficient,  and  he  took  his  executive  qualities 
with  him  when  he  became  Major  and  Lieutenant-Colonel.  Officers  and 
men  had  great  respect  for  him  at  all  .times,  and  great  confidence  in  him  as 
an  officer.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale,  a  gentleman  and  a  scholar,  and 
our  referee  in  all  matters  literary  and  historical  that  were  discussed  around 
the  camp  fires.  At  times  he  was  melancholy,  almost  taciturn,  but  generally 
genial  and  most  companionable.  He  was  brave  and  level-headed  in  battle, 
and  I  regarded  him  as  the  best  executive  and  disciplinarian  of  the  officers 
who  commanded  the  regiment.  The  splendid  drill  and  discipline  of  the 
33rd  were  largely  due  to  him.  He  was  twice  wounded  in  battle  and  his 
character  and  soldierly  qualities  made  him  a  great  honor  to  the  regiment" 

Colonel  Potter  resigned  in  September,  1864,  and  returned  to  Bloom- 
ington.  I  formed  his  acquaintance  at  that  time.  He  was  in  reduced  cir- 
cumstances financially  and  his  extreme  modesty  in  urging  his  fitness  for 
a  suitable  position  made  a  combination  of  circumstances  that  offered  grave 
practical  difficulties.  He  had  at  Normal  a  most  devoted  friend  in  the 
person  of  Dr.  Joseph  Addison  Sewell,  then  professor  of  natural  sciences 
at  the  Normal  School.  Dr.  Sewell  left  no  stone  unturned  until  Colonel 
Potter  was  agreeably  employed  at  his  old  work  of  teaching.  He  taught 
in  the  Beloit  High  School,  was  for  several  years  president  of  the  Illinois 
Soldiers'  College,  at  Fulton,  was  employed  for  a  time  in  the  Chicago 
schools  and  at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1879,  was  professor  of  literature 
in  Knox  College. 

Colonel  Potter's  splendid  culture,  his  rare  refinement  and  gentle  man- 
ners, did  wonders  for  the  boys  and  girls  from  the  villages  and  farms,  the 
large  majority  of  whom  were  in  especial  need  of  such  a  model  of  courtesy 
and  university  disciplines. 

If  space  permitted  it  would  be  a  pleasure  to  write  of  the  erudite  Lewis 
and  of  his  career  as  scholar  and  man  of  affairs ;  of  the  genial  and  lovable 
Dr.  Willard,  who  was  also  a  teacher  of  history  for  twenty-four  years  in 
one  of  the  Chicago  High  Schools;  of  Howell,  the  first  principal  of  the 
High  School,  whose  worth  as  a  man  and  as  a  teacher  and  whose  death  on 
the  field  of  Donelson  are  inscribed  on  the  tablet  erected  to  his  memory  in 
the  room  where  he  wrought  so  faithfully;  of  Messer,  the  singer  and  mu- 
sic teacher  and  lover  of  art  and  of  all  good  and  beautiful  things ;  of  Henry 
Norton,  affectionately  surnamed  "The  Sage"  by  his  admiring  schoolmates, 
a  prophet  and  seer  in  education  and  religion,  who  sleeps  on  the  Santa 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  95 

Cruz  Mountains  near  the  scene  of  his  loving  labors ;  and  there  were  others 
whose  connection  began  and  closed  before  1862  whose  memories  are  still 
green  in  the  hearts  of  the  surviving  students  of  those  far  away  days. 

At  the  beginning  of  that  school  year  the  faculty  consisted  of  six  teach- 
ers: President  Edwards,  Mr.  Hewett,  Dr.  Sewell,  Mr.  Metcalf,  Mr.  Stet- 
son, and  Miss  Margaret  Osband.  The  principal  of  the  High  School  was 
Charles  F.  Childs.  Mr.  Hewett  had  been  in  the  school  four  years,  Dr. 
Sewell  two  years,  Miss  Osband  one  year,  President  Edwards  and  Mr.  Met- 
calf a  few  months,  and  Mr.  Stetson  came  two  or  three  weeks  after  the  be- 
ginning of  the  term.  Mr.  Metcalf  was  destined  to  continue  thirty-two 
years  longer,  Mr.  Hewett  twenty-eight,  Mr.  Stetson  twenty-five,  Dr. 
Sewell  fifteen,  President  Edwards  something  more  than  fourteen,  Miss 
Osband  two,  and  Mr.  Childs  one. 

The  following  sketch  of  Mr.  Hewett  is  condensed  from  a  memorial 
address  prepared  by  the  writer  for  the  Asbury  Park  meeting  of  the  Na- 
tional Council  of  Education. 

EDWIN  C.   HEWETT 

Edwin  C.  Hewett  was  the  son  of  Timothy  and  Levina  Leonard  Hewett, 
of  East  Douglas,  Worcester  county,  Mass.  His  parents  were  working- 
people  of  small  means,  but  had  slight  need  of  worldly  goods  to  commend 
them  to  the  esteem  of  their  neighbors.  Into  the  simple  life  of  a  frugal, 
industrious,  resolute,  liberty-loving,  God-fearing  people,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  November  i,  1828.  He  was  always  grateful  for  the  con- 
ditions that  surrounded  his  childhood.  How  profoundly  they  colored  his 
character  all  who  knew  him  intimately  clearly  understood.  Indeed,  it  was 
impossible  to  interpret  him  without  a  knowledge  of  his  forbears.  His  Puri- 
tan inheritance  was  the  dominating  energy  of  his  interesting  life. 

At  thirteen  he  was  learning  a  trade  on  the  bench  of  the  journeyman 
shoemaker.  This  experience  was  a  significant  factor  in  his  education.  He 
often  referred  to  it,  and  drew  upon  its  disciplines  for  apt  illustration  in 
his  classes  in  psychology  and  pedagogy.  But  the  school  was  dear  to  the 
Puritan  heart,  and  labor  was  always  made  to  yield  a  place  for  learning. 
So  to  the  common  school  he  went,  and  later  to  the  local  academy.  At 
twenty-one,  Mr.  Hewett  became  a  teacher,  receiving  for  his  services  thir- 
teen dollars  a  month.  Soon  dissatisfied  with  his  meager  attainments,  he 
entered  the  Bridgewater  State  Normal  School  on  March  26,  1851.  Altho 
the  course  was  brief,  he  was  mature  enuf  to  make  the  most  of  it.  The 
school  was  in  charge  of  Nicholas  Tillinghast,  a  West  Point  graduate,  and 
a  man  whose  rigid  methods  and  sterling  character  exactly  fitted  into 
Hewett's  half-conscious  scheme  of  life.  Here  he  also  found  Richard  Ed- 
wards, that  ardent  enthusiast  with  a  prophet's  zeal  for  popular  education, 
who  was  an  assistant  to  the  principal.  They  were  to  meet  again  in  the 
new  West  eleven  years  later.  These  influences  wrought  mightily  upon  this 
earnest  poet-Puritan,  with  his  surface  play  of  wit  and  anecdote,  and  a 
background  colored  with  a  disposition  toward  a  tender  melancholy. 

After  completing  the  course,  which  was  about  one  year,  he  was  en- 
gaged at  Pittsfield  as  high-school  assistant;  but  was  recalled  to  Bridge- 
water  the  succeeding  year,  where  he  remained  four  years,  intensifying  in 
its  congenial  atmosphere  the  well-defined  features  of  his  marked  individ- 
uality. A  more  liberal  salary  then  took  him  to  a  Worcester  grammar 
school ;  but  he  was  soon  to  have  a  wider  field  for  the  exercise  of  his  rare 
talents.  Charles  E.  Hovey,  principal  of  the  new  Illinois  State  Normal 
School,  tendered  him  a  place  in  the  faculty  of  that  institution,  and  in  Oc- 
tober, 1858,  he  was  installed  as  teacher  of  geography  and  history — a  posi- 
tion which  he  continued  to  hold  until  his  elevation  to  the  head  of  the 
school  in  January,  1876. 


96  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

Supt.  P.  R.  Walker,  of  Rockford,  111.,  was  a  student  in  the 
institution  when  Mr.  Hewett  assumed  his  new  duties.  At  the  memorial 
exercises  held  at  the  school  he  gave  an  interesting  description  of  the  im- 
pression made  upon  the  class  by  the  first  geography  assignment  by  the 
teacher,  who  had  come  to  succeed  an  unsatisfactory  instructor.  The  effect 
was  electric.  It  was  recognized  as  the  beginning  of  a  new  epoch  in  the 
schools  of  Illinois. 

Mr.  Hewett  did  not  possess  a  commanding  personal  appearance.  He 
was  of  slight  figure,  weighing  rarely  more  than  one  hundred  and  twenty 
pounds.  Altho  his  figure  was  slight,  it  was  extremely  symmetrical,  and 
always  suggestive  of  great  intellectual  alertness  and  vigor.  As  might  be 
surmised,  his  temperament  was  nervous  and  highly  energetic.  He  coupled 
with  these  qualities  great  industry  and  an  ox-like  patience  in  working  out 
details.  He  well  understood  his  physical  limitations,  however,  and  would 
balk  with  a  most  interesting  obstinacy  when  he  felt  that  he  was  approach- 
ing them.  But  his  energy  so  happily  combined  with  his  industry  that  he 
quite  invariably  carried  his  plans  to  a  triumphant  success,  whatever  may 
have  been  the  opposition  which  he  encountered. 

As  a  teacher  he  is  thoroly  individualized  and  most  clearly  defined  in 
the  memory  of  the  thousands  of  pupils  who  came  under  his  instruction. 
He  had  no  neutral  tints.  There  was  nothing  vague  or  uncertain  about 
him  or  his  methods.  First  of  all,  there  was  the  most  transparent  and  un- 
mistakable intellectual  honesty.  He  was  on  the  hunt  for  truth.  I  never 
knew  another  who  drew  the  line  more  sharply  between  what  he  held 
tentatively  and  what  he  regarded  as  settled.  I  have  no  better  description 
of  his  intellectual  quality  than  to  characterize  him  as  "the  man  who  de- 
fines." He  loved  a  fine  sincerity  of  speech,  and  sought  the  rugged  Saxon 
with  its  limited  synonyms  rather  than  the  more  equivocal  vocabulary  of 
classic  tongues.  He  would  pare  his  sentences  until  they  were  like  a  row 
of  bayonets,  and  would  manifest  especial  satisfaction  with  every  possible 
elimination.  He  loved  the  words  that  bear  their  meaning  on  their  faces, 
and  would  disdainfully  discard  an  ostentatious  polysyllable  for  the  terse- 
ness of  monosyllabic  speech,  wherever  it  was  possible. 

As  a  consequence  of  his  own  essential  honesty,  he  was  extremely  in- 
tolerant of  anything  approaching  pretense  on  the  part  of  the  pupil.  Noth- 
ing else  so  excited  his  hot  indignation.  For  the  dull  but  faithful  he  had 
boundless  patience.  For  the  sharper  and  the  pretender  his  keen  arrows 
were  dipped  in  gall.  It  was  this  quality  that  explained  the  rigor  of  his 
recitations.  His  thoroness  was  a  household  word.  His  pupils  always  held 
themselves  higher  in  their  own  genuine  regard  after  completing  his  work. 

Mr.  Hewett  never  made  the  slightest  effort  to  win  popularity.  That  he 
was  not  indifferent  to  praise  I  well  know.  But  he  absolutely  lost  sight  of 
such  considerations  when  on  the  trail  of  truth.  He  had  no  favorites,  and 
held  all  equally  responsible  for  intellectual  and  moral  results.  And  he  was 
never  effusive  in  his  praise.  He  was  rarely  fortunate  who  won  more  than 
quiet  approval.  "He  knows  what  he  is  about,"  was  an  expression  of  quite 
extreme  commendation.  He  understood  the  peculiar  force  of  understate- 
ment. In  consequence,  his  influence  as  a  class-room  teacher  was  most 
healthfully  inspiring.  He  won  my  ardent  admiration  when  I  sat  in  his 
classes,  and  the  tempering  experiences  of  twoscore  years  approve  the  in- 
stinctive wisdom  of  my  youth.  I  dwell  with  fondness  upon  this  feature 
of  his  career,  because  it  was  rather  as  a  teacher  than  as  a  president  that 
his  greatest  work  was  done. 

He  came  to  the  presidency  of  the  Normal  School  in  January,  1876, 
upon  the  resignation  of  Richard  Edwards.  In  this  capacity  his  crowning 
merit  was  the  freedom  which  he  permitted  to  his  subordinates.  He  was 
not  then  in  especial  sympathy  with  much  of  the  objective  method  of  mod- 
ern physical  science,  declaring  that  the  imagination  could  furnish  its  own 
experiments;  but  he  was  an  easy  convert  later,  and  gave  most  cordial 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  -    97 

support  to  the  innovations.  While  he  was  a  very  positive  and  uncompro- 
mising man  where  his  mind  had  settled  upon  certain  convictions,  his  con- 
clusions were  for  himself;  he  imposed  them  upon  no  one.  He  was  natur- 
ally indisposed  to  change,  for  there  was  a  strong  element  of  conservatism 
in  his  nature;  but  the  door  of  opportunity  was  open  to  his  subordinates, 
and  he  was  not  slow  to  recognize  whatever  there  was  of  good  that  came 
out  of  our  excursions  into  the  region  of  experiment.  Colonel  Parker  was 
fond  of  saying  that  one  should  never  do  a  thing  twice  in  the  same  way, 
while  Dr.  Hewett  was  rather  disposed  to  seek  for  finalities  in  method, 
something  upon  which  one  could  really  rest  and  thus  quench  his  wander 
thirst 

He  was  not  averse  to  praise,  but  he  never  sought  it.  More  should  be 
said  of  this  aspect  of  his  character.  He  was  always  ready  to  part  company 
with  the  world  and  walk  uncomplainingly  alone,  rather  than  to  swerve  in 
the  slightest  degree  from  what  he  regarded  as  the  clear  leadings  of  truth 
and  duty.  The  iron  of  the  Puritan  was  in  his  blood.  He  would  not  go 
with  the  crowd  unless  convinced  that  the  crowd  was  right.  He  was  never 
swept  away  by  any  sudden  enthusiasms.  He  held  his  balance  with  a  cer- 
tain reserve  even  against  his  closest  friends.  He  invariably  considered  be- 
fore he  assented.  He  belonged  to  the  group  that  never  can  be  accounted 
"with  us"  until  we  have  stated  our  case  and  it  has  commended  itself 
to  their  sober  judgment. 

He  never  wore  his  heart  upon  his  sleeve,  yet  he  was  thoroly  sympa- 
thetic and  approachable.  There  was  no  student  so  humble  but  found  ready 
access  to  his  heart.  His  test  of  merit  was  substantial  worth,  and  all  other 
distinctions  were  to  him  matters  of  supreme  indifference.  His  mind  cen- 
tered upon  consideration  of  ultimate  value,  of  fundamental  and  abiding 
consequence,  and  for  them  he  looked  when  estimating  the  real  value  of  men 
and  women.  He  was  a  trifle  slow  in  making  friends,  but  he  rarely  lost  one. 
It  sometimes  seems  to  me  a  matter  of  surprise  that  he  was  so  tenderly 
loved  by  so  many,  and  he  so  undemonstrative  and  so  little  given  to  ex- 
pressions of  affection.  Aaron  Grove  wrote  of  him :  "He  was  at  first  one 
of  the  idols  of  my  young  manhood;  as  years  passed  and  we  were  heart  to 
heart,  I  loved  him.  Integrity,  watchfulness,  devotion  to  friends,  independ- 
ence in  analysis ;  a  sweet  confidant  and  an  absolutely  upright  man,  I  count 
his  going  as  a  personal  loss ;  the  vacancy  can  never  be  filled,  neither  for 
me  nor  for  what  is  greater,  the  world  in  which  we  live."  The  gifted  ex- 
President  Sewell,  of  Denver,  for  years  associated  with  him  in  the  Normal 
School,  concludes  a  beautiful  tribute  to  his  memory  as  follows :  "He  was, 
taking  him  all  in  all,  what  the  world  most  needs  today,  and  what  the  world 
mourns  when  such  a  one  is  gone — a  man,  a  nobleman.  This  too  brief 
statement  I  do  not  count  as  a  crown  to  wreathe  his  brow.  His  life-work 
wrought  and  placed  the  crown.  I  humbly,  reverently,  lay  this  tribute  at 
his  feet."  Dr.  Boyden,  who  was  a  teacher  at  Bridgewater  when  Mr.  Hewett 
entered  the  school,  writes  of  him :  "In  these  early  years  he  gave  full  as- 
surance of  the  richness  and  fullness  of  his  subsequent  life.  He  has  been 
a  great  blessing  to  many  lives ;  he  has  wrought  a  great  work ;  his  life  is  a 
great  legacy;  he  leaves  a  fragrant  memory  that  shall  not  perish."  In  a 
similarly  affectionate  vein  write  Dr.  Richard  Edwards,  Hon.  Hiram  Hadley, 
Dr.  Canfield,  George  P.  Brown,  and  others. 

Socially,  he  was  a  rare  companion.  He  loved  a  good  story,  was  a  con- 
summate wit,  excelled  at  repartee,  and  was  able  to  hold  his  own  with  the 
best  in  heightening  the  merriment  of  an  occasion.  Who  can  ever  forget 
his  quaint  grotesqueness  as  he  occasionally  sang  with  appropriate  action 
some  of  the  old  songs  that  were  current  in  his  boyhood?  But  for  society  in 
the  strictest  sense  he  had  no  fondness.  Its  formal  conventionalities  were 
offensive  to  him,  and  jts  "fuss  and  feather"  were  often  the  object  of  his 
unsparing  satire.  He  was  a  lover  of  solitude.  The  little  study  at  the  head 
of  the  stairs,  barely  large  enuf  for  his  books,  his  table,  and  his  chair,  was 


98  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

his  favorite  resort.  There  I  often  found  him  as  I  entered,  an  unannounced 
visitor.  There  he  read  and  rested,  and  it  was  also  his  "growlery"  when 
the  wind  was  in  the  east.  Withal  he  had  a  poetic  temperament,  and  there, 
like  a  bird  in  its  leafy  covert,  that  sings  for  the  dear  delight  of  singing 
and  with  no  care  for  the  listening  ear,  he  uttered  the  burden  of  his  deeper 
thought  in  an  occasional  poem  which  invariably  had  for  its  theme  the  pro- 
founder  problems  of  life  and  destiny.  I  have  spoken  of  his  disposition  to 
dwell  upon  the  shadowy  side  of  life.  This  became  apparent  while  he  was 
still  a  young  man,  and  was  deepened  by  the  later  experiences  of  life.  It 
is  especially  evidenced  in  poems  written  as  early  as  1854,  while  he  was 
yet  at  Bridgewater.  The  sense  of  individualism  and  of  loneliness  in  the 
midst  of  life,  which  expressed  itself  in  hours  of  especial  intimacy,  appears 
in  the  following  stanza : 

Borne  onward  by  the  swelling  flood, 

Each  steers  his  little  bark  alone; 
Tho  numberless  the  passing  crowd, 

Each  tiny  vessel  holds  but  one. 

Was  it  his  Puritan  inheritance  that  led  him  to  brood  so  persistently 
over  these  somber  themes?  In  1870  he  experienced  a  peculiar  sorrow  in 
the  death  of  little  Paul,  his  infant  son,  who  passed  away  while  Mr.  Hewett 
was  absent  from  home.  He  rarely  spoke  of  the  child,  but  his  faithful 
diary,  in  which  he  made  a  daily  record  for  many  years,  discloses  the  secret 
sorrow  that  shadowed  his  life.  In  1871  he  wrote : 

There's  a  little  mound  where  the  maple  waves, 
Where  the  grass  and  the  flowers  are  fair; 

'Tis  a  quiet  spot  in  a  "garden  of  graves," 
And  our  thoughts  turn  sadly  there. 

The  little  lad's  birthdays  are  noted  as  the  years  slip  by,  and  much  of  the 
pensive  tenderness  of  later  years  finds  its  explanation  in  the  pages  of  the 
little  book  to  whose  sacred  confidence  he  intrusted  the  secret  story  of  his 
heart 

With  such  characteristics  the  deep  religious  vein  which  gave  a  marked 
coloring  to  his  nature  was  naturally  associated.  The  harmonies  of  the 
world,  as  manifested  in  the  invariable  laws  of  nature,  appealed  mightily 
to  the  characteristic  quality  of  his  intellect.  His  mind  could  not  rest 
short  of  a  self-conscious  First  Cause  who  holds  the  universe  in  the  hollow 
of  his  hand,  and  who  directs  its  manifestations  with  the  sublime  authority 
of  an  inerrant  reason.  In  consequence,  religion  was  a  necessity  to  his 
intellect.  But  his  emotional  nature  no  less  craved  self-conscious  love  as 
the  motive  of  the  universe.  While  in  no  sense  illiberal  with  regard  to  the 
opinions  of  others,  he  strongly  inclined  to  the  stricter  theological  views  of 
his  Puritan  ancestors. 

Both  his  rigorous  sense  of  duty  and  his  natural  inclination  led  him 
to  give  much  of  his  time  and  his  means  to  religious  work.  He  was  a  re- 
markable teacher  of  the  Bible,  and  was  always  engaged  in  the  work  of  the 
Sunday  school.  Indeed,  religious  contemplation  and  religious  service  were 
especially  congenial  employments.  His  poetic  gift  was  exercised  in  the 
composition  of  several  hymns,  two  of  which  were  sung  at  his  funeral. 

As  an  educational  writer  Mr.  Hewett  is  known  thru  two  books  on 
education,  a  treatise  on  elementary  pedagogy,  and  another  on  the  simpler 
phases  of  psychology.  He  is  also  the  author  of  a  series  of  arithmetics 
published  by  Rand  &  McNally.  He  was  associated  with  Mr.  Gove,  and 
later  with  the  author  of  this  paper,  in  the  editorship  of  the  Illinois 
Schoolmaster,  and  recently  with  Mr.  George  P.  Brown  in  the  editorship 
of  the  well-known  magazine,  School  and  Home  Education.  He  was  for 
many  years  prominent  in  Illinois  as  a  lecturer  and  educational  writer. 
With  the  exception  of  one  year  spent  in  travel,  he  was  connected  with 


' 


EDWIN  CRAWFORD  HEWETT 
President,  1876-1890. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  99 

the  Illinois  State  Normal  University  for  thirty-two  years.  For  sixteen 
and  a  half  years  he  was  professor  of  geography  and  history,  and  for  four- 
teen and  a  half  years  president. 

In  August,  1857,  Mr.  Hewett  was  married  to  Angelina  N.  Benton,  of 
Sublette,  111.  They  had  two  children,  Mrs.  R.  R.  Reeder,  born  in  1860,  and 
Paul,  born  in  1870.  Mrs.  Reeder  resides  in  New  York,  where  her  husband 
is  at  the  head  of  a  prominent  orphan  asylum.  As  was  previously  stated, 
Paul  died  in  1870.  Mrs.  Hewett,  a  most  estimable  woman,  passed  away, 
after  some  years  of  delicate  health,  on  November  21,  1895.  On  August  31, 
1898,  Mr.  Hewett  was  united  in  marriage  to  Mrs.  Helen  E.  Paisley,  long 
a  resident  of  Normal  and  formerly  a  student  in  the  Normal  School.  Dr. 
Hewett  died  on  March  i,  1905. 

DR.  JOSEPH  ADDISON  SEWEIi 

Among  all  of  the  men  connected  with  the  Normal  School  there  has 
never  been  a  more  unique  personality  than  Dr.  Sewell.  He  was  born  on 
April  20,  1830.  He  attended  the  district  school  until  he  was  fifteen  when 
he  took  his  first  school  to  "keep."  Later  he  attended  the  Biddeford  High 
School  for  two  years  and,  in  his  own  phrase,  had  some  Latin  and  mathe- 
matics pounded  into  him.  Determined  to  become  a  doctor,  he  "read 
medicine"  with  Dr.  Nathaniel  Brooks,  of  Saco,  Maine,  and  taught  school 
thru  the  winters  to  keep  the  pot  boiling.  He  took  his  degree  in  medicine 
in  1852  and  practiced  in  Bangor  for  nearly  two  years.  But  his  health 
failed  and  he  came  to  Illinois  in  October,  1854,  stopping  at  Dover,  where 
he  had  an  uncle.  He  taught  in  Dover  that  winter  and  the  succeeding 
year  he  went  to  Peoria.  It  was  there  that  he  met  Mr.  Hovey  of  whom 
he  always  speaks  in  terms  of  the  warmest  affection.  Soon  after,  he  had 
a  call  to  the  Union  School,  at  Princeton,  where  he  received  a  salary  of 
twelve  hundred  dollars  a  year,  an  extremely  flattering  recognition  of 
his  services. 

But  his  health  broke  down  again.  He  came  from  a  consumptive  fam- 
ily, his  three  brothers  and  two  sisters  dying  of  that  dreadful  malady.  He 
concluded  to  go  to  the  town  of  Tonica,  in  LaSalle  county,  and  enter  the 
drug  business.  He  tried  it  for  awhile  but  he  did  not  like  it.  He  had 
abandoned  the  practice  of  medicine  because  of  his  growing  aversion  to 
drugs  and  he  got  on  no  better  with  them  in  selling  them  than  he  did  in 
administering  them.  It  was  very  hard  for  him  to  sell  what  he  could  not 
conscientiously  advise  people  to  take.  One  day  he  went  down  to  Decatur 
to  see  an  old  friend.  Upon  his  return  trip  he  stopped  off  at  Bloomington 
to  see  his  friend  Hovey.  This  was  in  1858  while  the  school  was  yet  in 
Major's  Hall  and  Mr.  Hovey  was  exhausting  every  possible  scheme  to  go 
forward  with  a  partially  finished  building  out  on  the  prairie  near  "the 
junction."  The  Doctor  had  no  sooner  met  him  than  he  was  warmly 
greeted  with,  "You  are  the  very  man  I  want  to  see."  After  a  long  talk 
over  the  Normal  School  situation,  Mr.  Hovey  expressed  the  desire  to 
have  him  take  the  position  of  teacher  of  natural  sciences.  Doctor  Sewell 
felt  that  he  was  not  prepared  for  such  a  position  but  he  assured  Mr.  Hovey 
that  if  the  place  could  be  held  for  him  he  would  get  ready  for  it.  The 
arrangement  was  agreed  to  and  the  Doctor  went  to  Tonica,  closed  his 
drug  store  and  went  to  Yale.  There  he  took  a  course  of  lectures  on 
"agricultural  chemistry."  (Was  it  to  satisfy  the  conditions  of  the  Bake- 
well  gift?)  From  there  he  went  to  Harvard  and  entered  the  Lawrence 
Scientific  School,  taking  chemistry  with  Horsford,  Botany  with  Gray,  and 
lectures  with  Agassiz.  He  returned  to  Tonica  in  July,  1860,  and  went  to 
Normal  in  September  following.  On  February  n,  1858,  he  was  married 
to  Ann  E.  Weston. 

Dr.  Sewell  was  a  teacher  in  the  Normal  School  for  eighteen  years. 
In  1878  he  was  elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  New  University  of  Col- 


100  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

orado,  at  Boulder,  and  began  his  duties  there  in  September  of  that  year. 
This  position  he  held  for  several  years  and  until  the  university  was  well 
established  in  the  confidence  of  the  people  of  the  State.  He  then  removed 
to  Denver  and  to  a  professorship  in  the  University  bearing  the  name  of 
the  city.  A  few  years  ago  he  retired  from  that  position  and  since  then 
has  been  city  chemist  in  Denver.  He  resides  at  356  South  Broadway  and 
any  Normal  student  can  always  find  a  warm  welcome  at  his  attractive 
home. 

Dr.  Sewell  is  easily  characterized.  He  was  first  of  all  a  thinker.  The 
reflective  habit  was  as  natural  to  him  as  breathing.  He  came  of  a  gifted 
family.  The  Sewells,  of  Massachusetts,  were  always  in  evidence  in  some 
conspicuous  way.  There  were  three  chief  justices  of  the  Old  Bay  State, 
all  Sewells,  one  of  whom  assisted  in  trying  the  witchcraft  cases  and  la- 
mented his  part  in  it  later  and  until  the  close  of  his  life.  And  there  was 
another,  a  poet,  who,  in  his  epilogue  to  Cato,  wrote  those  familiar  lines : 

"No  pent  up  Utica  contracts  your  powers, 
But  the  whole  boundless  continent  is  yours." 

As  a  teacher  the  Doctor  was  in  no  sense  a  drill  master.  It  was  aside 
from  his  inclinations  and  not  at  all  in  line  with  his  pedagogical  doctrine. 
He  exercised  the  function  ascribed  to  Socrates ;  he  assisted  in  giving 
birth  to  ideas.  As  Doctor  Hewett  might  be  characterized  as  the  man 
who  defines,  so  Doctor  Sewell  might  be  as  adequately  described  as  the 
man  who  illustrates.  Few  men  that  I  have  ever  known  could  equal  him 
in  making  a  conception  clear  if  it  was  capable  of  concrete  treatment.  He 
would  seize  the  simplest  thing  at  hand  and  make  the  most  remarkable  use 
of  it  in  conveying  correct  notions  of  conditions  that  could  not  be  revealed 
without  dissection.  He  was  also  one  of  the  very  early  teachers  of  botany 
who  believed  in  studying  plants  themselves  in  order  to  find  out  about 
them.  How  often  I  have  heard  him  repeat  the  injunction  from  the  Ser- 
mon on  the  Mount,  "Consider  the  lilies  of  the  field,  how  they  grow,"  with 
his  peculiar  emphasis  on  the  last  three  words. 

I  have  said  that  he  was  a  thinker,  and  this  quality  suffused  his  class 
room  work.  I  think  that  his  pupils  will  never  forget  him  for  he  was  al- 
ways dealing  with  a  rich  content  and  in  a  way  to  make  them  discontented 
with  anything  less.  He  was  very  popular  as  a  lecturer  on  scientific  sub- 
jects and  was  constantly  engaged  in  picking  at  difficult  problems  and  then 
trying  his  conclusions  upon  one  and  another  for  the  purpose  of  testing 
their  validity.  He  was  as  free  from  scholastic  narrowness  as  it  was  pos- 
sible for  one  to  be,  for  his  whole  attitude  was  that  of  the  simple  learner, 
as  willing  to  be  taught  by  a  child  as  by  a  sage.  Indeed,  he  was  in  all  ways 
large  and  catholic  spirited.  What  was  true  of  him  as  a  scholar  was  as 
strikingly  characteristic  of  him  in  all  other  respects.  The  only  exaggera- 
tion in  applying  to  him  the  oft-quoted  remark  that  he  would  share  his 
last  crust  with  a  needy  friend  lies  in  the  word  share,  for  the  self-forgetful 
Doctor  would  not  keep  any  for  himself.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  he  had 
a  very  warm  place  in  the  hearts  of  many. 

Dr.  Sewell's  lectures  were  strikingly  original  and  interesting.  I  well 
recall  the  impression  that  they  made  upon  my  mind.  There  was  one  about 
"The  Leaf,"  and  for  a  third  of  a  century  it  has  kept  recurring  again  and 
again  to  my  thought,  for  it  led  me  to  regard  the  little  commonplace  thing 
as  one  of  the  most  marvelous  of  the  workers  of  the  world.  There  was 
another  about  "Sand,"  and  when  one  heard  it  he  straightway  concluded 
that  the  good  Doctor  had  discovered  what  everything  is  made  of.  In- 
deed, he  quote  Shakespeare  in  proof  his  contention,  for  the  great  drama- 
tist has  one  of  his  characters  remark: 

"Sans  teeth,  sans  eyes, sans  everything." 

And  there  was  another  lecture  that  disturbed  some  people  not  a  little — 
"No  Dirt,  No  Death,  No  Devil." 


ILUNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  101 

I  am  reminded  of  the  limitations  of  space,  but  the  theme  is  a  very 
inviting  one.  A  brief  incident  must  have  place.  One  day  I  came  upon  a 
charming  paragraph,  wonderfully  revealing  in  its  insight,  exquisitely  ex- 
pressed, and  full  of  the  deepest  feeling.  It  had  been  caught  out  of  a 
larger  whole  some  years  before  and  had  found  a  place  among  the  mis- 
cellany of  a  magazine.  I  thought  that  it  would  please  Dr.  Sewell  and  I 
read  it  to  him.  He  was  deeply  touched  by  the  sentiment,  he  admired  the 
style  and  felt  grateful  for  the  thought  which,  he  said,  was  new  to  him. 
"By  the  way,"  said  he,  as  the  caller  was  going,  "who  wrote  the  little 
clipping?"  "Yourself,"  was  the  reply. 

As  I  close  this  altogether  inadequate  sketch  of  a  very  delightful  man 
my  eyes  fall  upon  a  letter  only  nine  days  old  and  in  his  unmistakable 
chirography:  "My  life  up  to  1860  was  a  constant  struggle  with  poverty, 

ill-health,  and  sore  affliction Yet  now  I  am  in  good  health,  good 

natured,  and  far  from  despondency.  I  like  the  world  in  which  I  live. 
I  have  had  much  to  make  life  pleasant  and  I  count  the  companionship  and 
loving  remembrance  of  my  friends  as  among  the  best  of  God's  gifts  to  me." 

The  Normal  students  of  the  seventies  and  earlier  will  be  glad  to  know 
that  the  Doctor  and  Mrs.  Sewell  have  their  son,  a  grandson,  and  two  of 
their  daughters  with  them  and  that  all  are  in  excellent  health.  The  eldest 
daughter  is  the  wife  of  Rev.  Thomas  Van  Ness,  pastor  of  the  First  Uni- 
tarian Church,  Boston. 

ALBERT    STETSON 

One  evening  in  the  early  part  of  September,  1862,  a  group  of  Normal 
students  sat  on  the  porch  of  the  "Pearce  House"  at  the  corner  of  Fell  ave- 
nue and  Ash  street,  settling  some  of  the  vexed  questions  of  pedagogy  but 
especially  venturing  predictions  as  to  the  whereabouts  of  a  delayed  teacher, 
one  Professor  Stetson,  who  had  been  expected  since  the  beginning  of  the 
term.  In  the  midst  of  the  conversation  some  one  pointed  out  a  vigorous 
pedestrian,  who  evidently  had  walked  out  from  the  city,  striding  by,  and 
guessed  him  off  as  the  expected  increase  to  the  faculty.  He  was  a  wiry, 
nervous,  energetic  young  man  of  thirty  or  thereabouts,  and  with  a  com- 
plexion suggesting  plenty  of  fire  and  steam.  The  next  morning  found  the 
stranger  seated  on  the  platform  and  ready  for  business. 

He  was  a  native  of  Kingston,  Massachusetts,  and  was  born  in  1834. 
One  year  of  his  boyhood  was  spent  in  pegging  shoes  and  during  the  sum- 
mers of  his  fourteenth  and  fifteenth,  years  he  worked  in  a  tack  factory. 
He  took  the  Bridgewater  Normal  School  course  in  1852-3.  The  next  year 
he  had  charge  of  a  grammar  school  at  the  extreme  end  of  Cape  Cod.  He 
has  some  very  interesting  reminiscences  of  his  experiences  with  the  rather 
boisterous  young  fishermen  of  the  Cape. 

The  following  year  he  entered  the  preparatory  department  of  Antioch 
College  at  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio.  The  president  of  the  college  was  the 
distinguished  Horace  Mann,  the  father  of  the  Normal  School  movement 
in  Massachusetts.  Peculiar  circumstances  threw  him  into  somewhat  inti- 
mate relations  with  President  Mann  for  which  he  was  especially  grateful. 

In  July,  1858,  Mr.  Stetson  was  admitted  to  Harvard  College.  He  shut 
himself  up  in  his  room  for  the  summer  and  in  September  he  was  admitted 
to  the  sophomore  class.  With  the  exception  of  some  small  assistance 
from  the  college  he  maintained  himself  thruout  his  course.  He  was  one 
of  the  editors  of  the  Harvard  Magazine,  a  tribute  to  his  literary  ability 
which  should  have  been  especially  gratifying  to  him. 

In  September,  1862,  as  has  been  related,  he  went  to  Normal  as  teacher 
of  literature  in  the  Normal  University.  He  remained  in  that  position  for 
the  succeeding  twenty-five  years.  Just  across  the  hall  the  preceptress, 
Miss  Osband,  inducted  the  Normal  freshmen  into  the  mysteries  of  Mulli- 
gan's grammar.  What  more  natural  than  what  happened.  Some  two  years 
after  he  arrived  he  was  married  to  Miss  Margaret  E.  Osband.  for  three 
years  teacher  of  grammar  and  drawing. 


102  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

Mr.  Stetson  had  the  misfortune  to  write  a  beautiful  hand.  In  conse- 
quence he  was  condemned  to  keep  the  records  of  the  school.  How  he  en- 
dured the  drudgery  of  it  so  amiably  is  difficult  to  explain.  He  filled  vol- 
ume after  volume  with  his  copper  plate  chirography  and  they  will  remain 
forever  and  a  day  as  silent  witnesses  of  his  accuracy  and  faithfulness  in 
doing  what  must  have  been  a  disagreeable  duty.  In  responding  to  a  feel- 
ing address  made  by  a  student  in  behalf  of  the  school,  as  he  was  retiring 
from  the  institution,  he  half-humorously  remarked,  as  he  pointed  to  a  for- 
midable pile  of  records  lying  on  his  table,  "When  I  came  to  Normal  it  was 
my  ambition  to  write  books.  Behold  the  results." 

He  entered  into  the  life  of  the  literary  societies  more  heartily  and 
more  helpfully,  I  think,  than  any  other  one  of  us.  He  even  acted  as 
president  and  for  more  than  one  term  and  gave  to  the  young  people  the 
advantage  of  his  many-sided  experience  in  a  variety  of  ways. 

Mr.  Stetson  was  one  of  the  tidiest  of  men.  His  class  room  was  a 
model  of  attractiveness.  The  boards  were  illuminated  by  the  lessons  that 
he  assigned  with  neatness  and  precision.  He  was  a  constant  reproach  to 
the  careless  and  untidy. 

His  duties  extended  over  a  considerable  field,  including  the  main 
subject  of  his  department  and,  in  addition,  some  work  in  reading  and 
Latin.  He  demanded  prompt  and  vigorous  recitations  and  his  insistence 
was  never  uncertain.  He  brought  into  the  school  an  added  increment  of 
the  old  Bridgewater  school  which  had  so  much  to  do  with  a  determination 
of  the  character  of  the  institution.  He  enriched  his  culture  by  foreign 
travel  while  here  and  gave  the  students  abundant  opportunity  to  profit  by 
his  advantages. 

In  1887  he  removed  to  Southern  California,  teaching,  for  a  time,  in  a 
college  but  he  soon  went  to  San  Francisco  and  entered  the  service  of  the 
Cable  Car  Company,  of  which  a  relative  was  a  prominent  official.  He 
continued  in  that  capacity  for  a  number  of  years.  It  was  while  he  was 
living  in  San  Francisco  that  he  lost  his  wife.  For  the  last  few  years  he 
has  resided  in  Los  Angeles. 

THOMAS   METCALF 

Thomas  Metcalf  died  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1895,  in  his  seven- 
tieth year.  His  birthday  was  June  19.  The  picture  in  the  "Reception 
Room"  is  as  near  a  perfect  presentment  of  his  face  as  the  painter's  art 
can  hope  to  achieve.  It  is  hard  to  speak  in  terms  of  moderation  when 
contemplating  this  beautiful  character. 

He  was  born  in  West  Wrentham,  Massachusetts.  As  the  story  runs, 
he  was  working  in  his  father's  field  on  a  summer  day  in  his  sixteenth  year. 
The  village  teacher  had  gone  to  her  home  on  the  preceding  Saturday  and 
for  some  unknown  reason  had  failed  to  return.  His  father  was  one  of 
the  school  officials  and  ventured  to  let  the  lad,  who  was  eager  for  the 
opportunity,  try  to  keep  the  children  quiet  until  the  teacher  should  return. 
This  was  his  introduction  to  a  calling  which  he  followed  for  a  half  a 
century.  After  teaching  school  for  four  years,  spending  three  terms  in 
the  Wrentham  Academy  and  one  year  in  the  Bridegwater  Normal  School, 
he  was  elected  sub-master  of  the  Warren  school  in  Charlestown,  Massa- 
chusetts. Two  years  later  he  became  principal  of  the  West  Roxbury 
grammar  school.  In  1857  he  went  to  St.  Louis  to  take  a  position  in  the 
city  High  School  and  remained  there  until  1862,  for  the  last  five  months 
acting  as  principal  of  the  combined  Normal  and  High  School.  His  de- 
cision to  leave  New  England  was  largely  determined  by  the  dreadful 
affliction  which  he  and  his  wife  had  undergone  in  the  almost  simultaneous 
death  of  two  of  their  children,  a  son  and  a  daughter.  He  declined  to  con- 
tinue in  St.  Louis  because  of  the  unfavorable  climate  and  went  to  the 
Normal  School  at  Normal  at  a  salary  materially  less  than  he  would  have 
received  if  he  could  have  been  induced  to  remain.  He  began  his  work  at 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  103 

Normal  as  teacher  of  mathematics.  He  was  thirty-six  years  old.  The 
clear-cut,  scholarly  face;  the  spare,  trim  figure;  the  exquisite  neatness  of 
his  dress;  the  precise  accuracy  of  his  speech;  the  extreme  earnestness  of 
his 'manner  and  the  exacting  requirements  of  his  class  work  made  a  pro- 
found impression  upon  all  who  were  privileged  to  sit  under  his  instruc- 
tion. Who  that  came  into  such  relations  with  him  can  ever  forget  the 
enthusiastic  delight  with  which  he  dug  out  the  mathematical  "nuggets," 
as  he  aptly  called  them,  or  the  appreciative  approval  with  which  he  greeted 
the  faintest  spark  of  originality?  How  scrupulously  tidy  he  was  in  all  of 
his  mechanical  manipulations  and  how  snug  and  accurate  in  his  thinking! 
He  was  so  faultless  and  delicate  in  his  manner;  so  elegant  and  chaste  in 
his  diction,  and,  withal,  so  sympathetic  with  the  crudeness  and  lack  of  cul- 
ture of  his  pupils  that  he  was  singularly  potent  in  shaping  their  lives. 

The  demands  that  he  made  upon  his  classes  were  extraordinary  but 
they  were  no  greater  than  he  made  upon  himself.  Personal  worth  was 
the  uncompromising  standard  by  which  he  measured  everyone  and  he 
constantly  applied  it  to  himself.  The  habit  of  self  scrutiny  was  a  primal 
impulse  with  him.  But  there  was  nothing  morbid  about  it.  It  was  natural 
and  thoroly  healthful. 

The  philosophic  Herbart  sets  up  character-building  as  the  true  aim 
of  every  activity  of  the  school.  Mr.  Metcalf  never  thot  of  the  school  in 
any  other  way.  He  loved  the  knowledges ;  the  purely  intellectual  phases 
of  any  subject  intensely  attracted  him;  but  they  seemed  partial  and  in- 
complete if  they  lacked  an  ethical  content  or  did  not  stimulate  distinctly 
to  fine  living.  The  formulae  of  mathematics  found  in  him  a  peculiarly 
hospitable  friend,  because  of  their  definiteness  and  clearness,  and  mainly 
because  of  the  training  which  they  give  in  sharp  discrimination  between 
the  false  and  the  true.  The  multiplication  table  was  to  him  far  more  than 
a  calculus;  it  expressed  the  unvarying  universality  of  law  as  opposed  to 
the  shifting  compromises  of  expediency.  It  was  often  remarked  that  his 
arithmetic  classes  had  a  richer  ethical  outcome  than  the  majority  of  spe- 
cific lessons  on  morality  or  religion.  There  was  never  the  slightest  trace 
of  disease  in  his  introspective  habit.  It  was  the  very  opposite  of  an 
affected  self-abasement.  He  was  fundamentally  cheery  and  sunny.  He 
loved  the  light  and  had  withal  a  fine  vein  of  mirthfulness.  He  was  not 
lacking  in  jest  and  it  was  always  delicate  and  sweet.  On  several  occa- 
sions, in  the  conversations  incident  to  a  close  companionship,  he  deplored 
a  certain  scholasticism  of  manner  which,  he  fancied,  shut  him  away  some- 
what from  the  trustfulness  of  the  young.  But  he  thereby  did  himself  in- 
justice. The  children  who  knew  him  turned  toward  him  with  instinctive 
confidence,  especially  in  his  later  years. 

His  habit  of  self-examination  resulted  in  a  character  of  remarkable 
harmony  and  balance.  He  was  self-poised  to  a  degree  that  I  have  never 
seen  surpassed,  yet  he  had  a  peculiarly  distinctive  coloring.  He  stood 
most  characteristically  for  kindness,  for  Christian  charity — for  more,  for 
sympathy  and  love.  No  other  poet  touched  him  as  did  the  saintly  Whit- 
tier,  and  no  other  utterance  of  that  sweet  singer  was  so  frequently  upon 
his  lips  as  "The  Eternal  Goodness."  It  was  the  severer  side  of  the 
theology  of  New  England  that  drove  him  to  the  companionship  of  the 
Universalists.  He  could  not  think  that  God  would  be  other  than  tender 
and  loving  to  the  most  wayward  of  his  children.  He  often  said,  "They 
cannot  escape  His  love.  At  some  time  they  will  all  return  to  the  Father's 
house." 

He  would  have  been  a  teacher  wherever  his  lot  might  have  been  cast 
for  his  life  was  a  perpetual  sermon  on  the  Beatitudes.  When  he  turned 
to  the  schoolroom  it  was  a  specific  consecration.  Dr.  Edwards  had  no 
ordinary  insight  when  he  called  him  to  his  side  in  the  days  of  struggle 
and  discouragement  that  witnessed  the  beginnings  of  the  Normal  School. 
And  his  choice  was  not  less  felicitous  when  he  assigned  him  to  the  deli- 


104  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

cate  task  of  training  teacher,  some  years  later.  It  was  in  this  position 
that  he  returned  to  the  companionship  of  childhood.  How  patiently  and 
faithfully  he  guarded  them  and  how  sympathetically  and  patiently  he  dealt 
with  the  ignorance  and  inexperience  of  the  hundreds  of  pupil-teachers 
under  his  charge,  I  have  no  space  to  relate.  It  is  enuf  to  say  that  the 
man  and  the  duties  met  in  the  happiest  harmony.  Where  could  such  a 
soul  find  so  suitable  a  center  from  which  to  touch  the  world?  In  countless 
school  houses  in  crowded  cities,  in  scattered  hamlets,  in  the  silences  of 
obscure  districts,  apart  from  the  noisy  competition  of  the  world's  market 
places,  that  serene  ministry  has  multiplied  its  benefactions  to  little  chil- 
dren. How  often  the  memory  of  his  gracious  forbearance  has  shamed 
impatient  voices  into  silence !  How  often  the  recollection  of  his  tireless 
toil  has  renewed  the  flagging  zeal  of  weary  teachers !  How  often  the 
eloquence  of  his  life  has  rebuked  the  low  ideals  of  the  leaders  of  the 
young  and  reinforced  a  fading  faith  in  the  divinity  of  man ! 

Mr.  Metcalf  was  an  active  member  of  the  liberal  church  in  Blooming- 
ton  during  all  of  his  residence  in  Normal.  His  financial  contributions 
were  out  of  all  proper  ratio  to  his  financial  condition  as  such  things  are 
ordinarily  estimated.  But  best  of  all,  he  gave  himself  in  large  and  un- 
stinted measure.  For  more  than  twenty  years  he  was  the  most  significant 
feature  of  the  Sunday  school.  It  did  not  matter  so  much  to  him  who 
did  not  come ;  Ije  was  always  there  with  the  sunshine  in  his  face.  From 
those  far-away  days  of  civil  strife  when  that  poet  philosopher,  Charles  G. 
Ames,  thrilled  his  people,  in  old  Phoenix  Hall,  the  pastors  who  minis- 
tered to  that  people  were  sure  of  one  constant  and  sympathetic  listener. 
His  quick  face  mirrored  every  inspiring  thot.  The  singer  needed  but  to 
turn  to  him  to  get  his  sure  reward  from  a  shining  countenance.  To  those 
who  were  accustomed  to  sit  near  him  his  place  can  never  be  vacant.  The 
subtle  interchange  of  approving  smiles  when  the  thought  came  quick  and 
rich  from  the  pulpit,  when  the  organ  harmonies  swept  us  all  away  upon 
the  waves  of  great  symphonies,  or  the  vibrating  melodies  of  the  singers 
touched  the  deep  places  of  our  lives,  are  permanent  possessions  of  those 
who  drew  so  largely  upon  the  rich  treasure  house  of  his  sensitive  nature. 

He  resigned  his  position  in  the  Normal  School  in  June,  1894.  It  was 
a  sad  day  to  teachers  and  pupils.  The  president  closed  his  baccalaureate 
address  in  the  following  words :  "There  will  go  with  you  on  Thursday 
next,  one  whose  name  will  not  appear  on  your  class  list,  nor  will  he  re- 
ceive from  official  hands  a  formal  acknowledgment,  inscribed  on  perish- 
able parchment,  that  his  work  in  this  institution  is  at  last  completed.  You 
go  forth  to  sow  while  he  will  sit  among  "his  sheaves.  More  than  half  a 
century  has  fled  into  the  past,  laden  with  his  gracious  toil,  since  he  first 
donned  the  modest  garb  of  the  teacher.  Would  you  seek  an  inspiration 
for  the  work  that  awaits  you,  I  point  you  to  the  record  of  his  life.  There 
is  no  page  that  is  not  writ  full  of  self-sacrificing  devotion  to  his  kind. 
Has  it  paid?  Ask  him.  Could  the  acclamations  of  the  noisy  multitudes, 
the  tinsel  of  wealth,  the  passing  glory  of  political  preferment,  fill  him  with 
a  tithe  of  the  happy  content  that  he  carries  to  his  well-earned  rest?  There 
can  be  no  sea  nor  shbre  where  our  grateful  love  will  not  follow  him.  May 
Heaven's  benedictions  fall  upon  him  and  may  the  afternoon  of  his  beauti- 
ful life  linger  long  and  lovingly  to  the  evening." 

When  he  left  his  work  at  the  Normal  School  there  was  little  thought 
that  only  a  few  months  of  life  were  left  to  him.  It  was  but  a  few  weeks 
before  his  death  that  his  intimate  friends  learned  for  the  first  time  that 
for  months  he  had  been  afflicted  with  a  fatal  disease.  With  his  customary 
regard  for  the  feelings  of  others  he  had  disguised  the  fact,  barely  men- 
tioning it  in  a  slighting  way  to  his  sons. 

There  was  no  shadow  in  impending  death  to  obscure  the  sunshine  of 
his  life.  While  he  remained  in  Normal  his  sick  room  was  filled  with 
flowers,  the  daily  remembrances  of  loving  friends.  With  his  customary 


JUDGE   W.    H.    GREEX 

Member  of  Board  of   Education   for   Forty-one   Years, 
and  President  of  the  Board  for  Fifteen  Years. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  105 

patience  and  fortitude  he  awaited  the  inevitable  end.  By  his  side  in  those 
days  of  affliction  stood  a  kindred  spirit  of  the  same  heroic  mould.  She  hid 
her  anguish  in  her  heart  and  supplemented  his  fading  strength  with  the 
marvelous  ministry  of  her  undaunted  courage.  Near  the  close  of  the  year 
he  went  to  Chicago  where  he  could  be  near  his  sons.  It  was  there  that 
he  passed  away  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1895. 

Jenkin  Lloyd  Jones  said  of  him,  "I  venture  the  opinion  that  in  the 
state  of  Illinois,  no  man  was  more  deeply,  beautifully,  widely  loved." 

Dr.  Edwards,  who  knew  him  so  intimately  for  forty  years  or  more, 
said  of  him :  "Who  can  calculate  the  amount  of  spiritual  and  moral  en- 
ergy that  he  imparted  to  the  thousands  of  students  who  have  been  moulded 
by  his  hand  in  the  Normal  University  and  to  hundreds  of  others  whom 
he  had  previously  led?" 

"He  had  learned  the  lesson  which  the  world  is  slow  to  accept,  that 
the  heart  is  more  powerful  for  good  than  the  head  or  hands." — Edwin 
C.  Hewett. 

"I  always  felt  that  life  to  him  was  a  sacred  trust." — M.  L.  Seymour. 

"He  seemed  to  live  nearer  and  follow  closer  the  teachings  of  the 
'Great  Master'  than  any  man  I  ever  knew." — Henry  McCormick. 

"He  set  the  world  an  example  in  gentleness,  neatness,  industry,  pur- 
ity of  thought  and  word  and  deed  and  nobility  of  purpose." — D.  C.  Smith. 

"His  was  an  exact  mind,  tempered,  sweetened,  and  made  lovable  by 
gracious  charity." — Charles  DeGarmo. 

"His  was  the  gentlest  and  the  sweetest  character  I  have  ever  known." 
— Sarah  C.  Brooks. 

RICHARD   EDWARDS. 

Richard  Edwards  is  a  Welshman.  He  was  born  in  Cardiganshire,  on 
the  23d  day  of  December,  1822.  One  of  the  diversions  of  his  childhood 
was  the  committing  to  memory  of  the  English  catechism  in  a  language  of 
which  he  knew  nothing,  an  incident  of  which  he  makes  an  occasional  men- 
tion as  an  illustration  of  the  current  pedagogy  in  the  early  thirties  of  the 
last  century. 

When  he  was  in  his  eleventh  year  his  parents  moved  to  America  and 
settled  in  Northern  Ohio.  He  had  the  advantage  of  the  training  of  intel- 
ligent and  pious  parents  but  his  school  opportunities  were  very  limited  in 
the  early  part  of  his  life.  He  had  a  few  terms  in  the  district  school  at 
Palmyra  and  afterward  a  few  months  in  a  high  school  at  Ravenna.  Like 
many  another  aspiring  youth  he  was  obliged  to  take  a  considerable  part 
of  his  education  into  his  own  hands.  Mr.  Edwards  had  three  endowments 
that  were  responsible  for  the  results  that  he  was  able  to  accomplish  with- 
out the  assistance  of  the  school.  These  were  an  unusual  intellectual  en- 
dowment, a  thirst  for  culture,  and  a  most  bountiful  supply  of  energy. 
The  first  implied,  as  it  usually  does,  a  retentive  memory.  Indeed,  that 
was  little  short  of  marvelous  as  estimated  by  the  common  standards. 

At  eighteen  he  became  a  carpenter  and  was  soon  advanced  to  the  re- 
sponsible position  of  "boss."  He  found  leisure  spaces,  as  one  always  can 
if  the  desire  js  strong  enough,  to  follow  up  his  reading  and  a  life  of  study 
was  so  enticing  that  he  abandoned  the  saw  and  the  plane  and  determined 
to  become  a  teacher. 

The  fall  of  the  year  1843  found  him  in  charge  of  a  district  school  near 
bis  home,  a  position  for  which  he  now  declares  himself  entirely  unfitted. 
The  salary  was  eleven  dollars  a  month  with  the  stipulation  that  he  was 
to  "board  Around."  His  certificate  bears  date,  November  10,  1843,  and  cer- 
tifies to  his  ability  to  "teach  reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic,  as  the  law 
requires,  also  geography  and  English  grammar."  With  regard  to  the 
two  latter  he  seems  not  to  have  been  cumbered  with  any  legal  restrictions. 

With  the  aid  of  a  few  friends  he  formed  a  debating  society  which  held 
its  meetings  in  the  school  house.  One  of  these  meetings  was  attended  by 


106  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

a  Rev.  Mr.  Hudson  who  had  recently  completed  his  studies  at  Harvard 
college.  He  was  greatly  surprised  at  the  ability  manifested  by  this  young 
man,  and  strongly  urged  him  to  go  east  and  get  an  education.  A  Mr. 
Samuel  B.  Greeley  was  another  man  to  whom  Mr.  Edwards  feels  greatly 
indebted.  He  seconded  the  suggestions  made  by  Mr.  Hudson  and  fur- 
nished not  only  inspiration,  but  counsel  and  money  and  a  letter  to  Mr. 
Samuel  J.  May,  then  at  Lexington,  Massachusetts.  There  were  others 
who  joined  their  advice  to  that  of  these  two  gentlemen  and  the  result 
was  that  in  October,  1844,  Mr.  Edwards  started  to  New  England  on  a 
mission  which  at  first  suggestion  seemed  to  him  to  be  the  most  Quixotic 
of  schemes. 

With  only  thirty  dollars  at  his  command  and  with  the  journey  from 
Ohio  to  Boston  before  him  he  made  the  venture.  He  employed  the  cheap- 
est transportation  available  and  finally  found  himself  at  the  end  of  his 
journey.  Mr.  May  gave  him  letters  to  Mr.  Tillinghast  then  principal  of 
the  State  Normal  School  at  Bridgewater,  and  called  with  him  upon 
"Father"  Pierce  at  West  Newton.  He  there  heard  of  a  school  that  was 
seeking  a  teacher,  so  he  declined  the  cordial  invitation  to  dinner,  walked 
back  to  Boston,  a  distance  of  five  miles,  paid  his  bill  out  of  the  meager 
remnant  of  his  capital,  and  started  to  secure  the  coveted  position.  He 
walked  eighteen  miles  further  that  night  and  the  next  morning  trudged 
on  to  Scituate.  There  he  was  kindly  entertained  by  a  hospitable  gentle- 
man who  saw  his  evident  desire  to  rise  in  the  world  and  furthered  his 
ambition  by  putting  him  in  the  attic  to  sleep.  The  reception  proved  to  be 
a  cold  one  for  the  night  ushered  in  a  genuine  northeaster  which  sifted 
the  snow  through  the  unplastered  walls  of  the  top  story.  The  situation 
was  a  disheartening  one  but  his  courage  proved  to  be  equal  to  the  oc- 
casion. The  next  day  he  was  so  fortunate  as  to  secure  the  position  at 
Hingham.  Thither  he  betook  himself  on  foot  but  the  distance  was  too 
great  to  be  accomplished  on  that  day.  The  night  and  a  drenching  rain 
overtook  him  and  he  was  again  obliged  to  seek  the  hospitality  of  a  dwel- 
ling. His  pedestrianism  had  not  improved  his  appearance  but  the  letter 
from  Mr.  May  insured  a  kind  reception.  The  next  morning  he  reached 
his  destination  and  began  his  work.  His  money  was  reduced  to  twenty- 
five  cents. 

He  taught  this  school  for  two  winters  and  worked  and  attended  school 
at  Bridgewater  the  intervening  summer.  The  next  year  he  finished  his 
course  at  the  Normal  School  and  in  the  fall  began  teaching  at  Waltham. 
President  Hill,  of  Harvard  College,  was  a  member  of  his  school  board. 
The  next  year  he  spent  at  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  at  Troy. 
He  afterward  finished  the  course  and  was  employed  in  a  subordinate  ca- 
pacity in  the  construction  of  the  Boston  water  works.  Soon  after  he  was 
called  to  a  position  at  the  Bridgewater  Normal  School  at  a  salary  of  three 
hundred  dollars  a  year.  His  fortunes  rapidly  brightened,  however,  and 
in  1854  he  was  made  temporary  principal  of  the  State  Normal  School  at 
Salem,  and  the  following  year  was  permanently  appointed,  with  a  salary 
of  $1500  a  year.  His  wisdom  in  seeking  an  education  was  now  abundantly 
verified. 

In  1856  he  was  called  to  St.  Louis  but  did  not  accept  the  call.  The 
following  year  he  received  a  second  call  and  wisely  determined  to  go 
west.  He  organized  and  started  the  city  Normal  School,  receiving  a  sal- 
ary of  $2500  a  year.  In  the  spring  of  1862  he  went  to  Normal  and  in  the 
month  of  September  began  his  work  there  as  principal  of  the  school.  As 
has  been  indicated,  it  was  at  this  time  that  I  entered  the  institution  as  a 
pupil  and  that  a  friendship  began  that  has  continued  to  the  present. 

There  was  great  need  of  a  head  to  the  institution.  As  has  been  nar- 
rated, the  most  of  the  young  men  had  entered  the  army  a  year  before. 
This  had  materially  diminished  the  attendance  of  the  school.  Further, 
the  nominal  principal  for  the  preceding  year  was  not  a  teacher  but  a 


IUJNOIS  STATS  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  107 

business  man.  There  were  a  few  of  the  students  of  the  Hovey  regime 
still  in  the  school.  They  were  devoutly  worshiping  the  former  organiza- 
tion and  methods.  This  was  a  source  of  some  embarrassment  to  Mr. 
Edwards  but  it  was  soon  forgotten.  As  a  newcomer  I  knew  nothing  of 
the  past  of  the  school  and  was  at  once  a  warm  partisan  of  the  management. 

Mr.  Edwards  remained  at  the  head  of  the  school  for  fifteen  years  and 
a  term.  It  is  hard  for  one  who  was  so  close  to  him  to  write  with  what 
might  be  deemed  becoming  moderation  of  his  administration.  In  general 
it  may  be  said  that  he  and  the  teachers  whom  he  guided  stamped  a  pe- 
culiar character  upon  the  school.  An  individuality  developed  here  as 
unique  as  it  is  interesting.  Owing  to  the  fact  that  slight  changes  were 
made  in  the  faculty  for  many  years  a  certain  policy  became  ingrained  in 
the  school  habits.  The  institution  retained  these  characteristics  for  many 
years  and  they  may  yet  be  recognized  by  anyone  who  attempts  a  study 
of  the  graduates. 

Mr.  Edwards,  first  of  all,  was  inspired  by  an  enthusiasm  for  teaching 
that  suffused  the  whole  institution.  The  atmosphere  was  surcharged  with 
life-giving  energy.  He  looked  upon  his  calling  as  something  sacred.  He 
poured  his  life  into  it  with  copious  prodigality.  He  was  one  of  the  old 
crusaders  back  again  out  of  the  past  and  gathering  his  followers  about 
his  standards.  And  everyone  of  them  must  have  the  glow  in  his  face. 
Indifference  was  intolerable.  Selfishness  was  not  one  of  the  "seven  deadly 
sins,"  it  was  all  of  them.  He  utterly  scorned  the  idea  that  one  should 
ever  think  of  himself  when  the  interests  of  childhood  were  in  the  scales. 
In  consequence  the  young  men  and  young  women  went  out  to  their  work 
with  a  self-denying  enthusiasm  that  was  something  to  reflect  upon. 

In  the  second  place,  Mr.  Edwards  was  a  remarkable  teacher.  His  tre- 
mendous energy  aroused  his  classes  to  intense  work.  His  skill  in  all  the 
varied  aspects  of  the  technic  of  the  recitation  was  quite  unsurpast.  He 
was  in  this  particular  an  artist.  Furthermore,  he  clothed  everything  that 
he  taught  with  a  dignity  that  won  for  it  the  warm  respect  of  his  pupils 
and  that  gave  a  cultural  value  to  it  that  few  of  them  had  ever  suspected. 
He  taught  reading  in  such  a  way  that  the  exercise  became  at  the  same 
time  a  careful  examination  of  literature.  It  is  not  too  much  to  assert  that 
he  revolutionized  the  teaching  of  the  subject  in  the  schools  of  Illinois. 
Altho  his  immediate  instruction  was  in  a  notable  way  an  explanation 
of  this  influence  it  was  far  more  widely  extended  by  a  series  of  readers 
of  which  he  was  the  author  and  which  had  a  very  extended  circulation. 
While  he  was  extremely  rigorous  in  his  requirements  there  was  a  geniality 
and  sympathy  that  were  in  all  ways  delightful. 

A  third  influence  that  counted  for  as  much  as  the  others  was  the  stimu- 
lation to  growth  which  every  Normal  student  who  caught  the  spirit  of  the 
school  carried  with  him  to  his  field  of  work.  It  was  a  matter  with  one's 
conscience.  Every  day  must  witness  some  conscious  expansion  of  knowl- 
edge and  power.  Was  he  out  for  an  evening  of  entertainment?  Before 
going  to  his  rest  he  must  read  at  least  one  more  page  of  Latin  or  one 
more  chapter  of  history — something  must  be  done  that  shall  make  him 
more  than  he  was  or  be  confronted  by  the  reproaches  of  his  high  ideal. 

There  is  no  adequate  space  here  for  what  requires  a  volume.  His 
faith  in  young  men  and  young  women  was  so  boundless  that  he  lost^no 
opportunity  of  advancing  them  to  places  of  great  responsibility.  His  tire- 
less labors  thru  the  round  year,  regardless  of  anything  like  adequate  com- 
pensation, was  so  familiar  as  to  be  a  common  place.  The  tremendous  fer- 
vor with  which  he  used  to  hold  us  up  and  shake  the  little  meannesses  of 
life  out  of  us  is  a  picture  against  that  background  of  forty  years  ago  that 
is  still  startling  in  its  vividness.  His  ringing  voice  with  the  thrill  in 
it,  his  impassioned  earnestness — but  I  must  forbear. 

Mr.  Edwards  was  very  greatly  in  demand  as  a  public  speaker  and  he 
enjoyed  work  of  that  character  to  the  full.  It  was  the  most  natural  thing 


108  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

in  the  world  for  churches  to  seek  him  as  a  pastor.  In  the  autumn  of 
1875  he  finally  concluded  to  accept  a  call  from  Owen  Lovejoy's  old  church, 
at  Princeton,  Illinois,  and,  in  consequence,  his  resignation  was  tendered 
to  the  Board  of  Education  at  its  December  meeting.  It  was  a  sorrowful 
time  at  the  school;  the  scene  is  as  clear  after  thirty  years  and  more  as 
if  it  were  yesterday.  Mr.  Hewett  succeeded  as  temporary  principal  for 
the  remainder  of  the  year  and  was  then  made  principal  permanently. 

Dr.  Edwards,  for  he  had  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.,  re- 
mained several  years  in  Princeton.  It  was  alike  delightful  for  him  and 
for  the  people  whom  he  served.  But  he  was  at  last  afflicted  with  grave 
eye  trouble.  He  felt  the  need  of  relief  from  the  cares  of  a  pastorate  and 
tendered  his  resignation.  He  next  became  the  field  man  for  Knox  Col- 
lege, as  he  had  been  on  the  board  of  the  institution  for  some  years.  But 
his  long  and  rich  experience  was  needed  in  a  broader  field  of  educational 
effort  and  in  1886  he  was  nominated  by  the  State  Republican  Convention 
for  the  office  of  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  He  was  elected 
and  made  a  most  honorable  record.  In  1890  he  was  re-nominated  but  a 
large  element  of  the  party  had  gone  wild  over  certain  legislation  for  which 
he  was  held  responsible.  It  mattered  not  at  all  that  he  was  not  the  au- 
thor of  the  "Edwards  Law;"  he  was  slaughtered  just  the  same,  for  an 
absurd  panic  had  seized  what  is  ordinarily  a  most  reasonable  and  stead- 
fast segment  of  that  political  faith. 

At  the  town  of  Carlinville  there  has  been  for  many  years  an  institu- 
tion of  higher  education  known  as  Blackburn  University.  The  release  of 
Dr.  Edwards  was  their  great  opportunity.  They  besought  him  to  come  to 
their  relief  if  only  for  a  year  or  two.  With  much  reluctance  he  consented 
to  do  so  and  carried  into  the  institution  the  methods  of  the  Normal 
School.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  it  was  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  Black- 
burn. 

After  a  service  of  two  years  he  retired  to  the  merited  rest  which  his 
physical  condition  rendered  imperative.  In  selecting  a  place  of  residence 
he  turned  quite  naturally  to  Bloomington,  near  the  scenes  of  his  early  la- 
bors in  the  Normal  School.  From  his  windows  he  can  see  the  buildings 
of  the  institution  where  his  great  work  was  done.  May  his  declining 
years  be  full  of  the  joy  of  noble  achievement.  From  those  whom  he  so 
bountifully  served  go  messages  of  loving  gratitude  that  must  bring  a 
rich  content. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Edwards  have  been  richly  blest  in  their  children.  There 
were  in  all  eleven  and  nine  of  them  are  still  living.  Their  family  reunions 
are  delightful  in-gatherings  from  wide  stretches  of  this  good  country  of 
ours. 

HENRY  MC  CORMICK 

The  Illinois  State  Normal  University  has  had  an  exceptional  history 
in  the  length  of  service  of  several  of  its  teachers.  Periods  of  twenty 
years  or  more  have  not  been  highly  exceptional.  Four  have  served  more 
than  thirty  years.  This  fact  accounts  in  large  measure  for  the  persistence 
of  policy  that  has  characterized  the  institution  and  has  something  to  do 
with  its  repute.  The  Grand  Patriarch  of  the  school,  however,  is  Dr. 
Henry  McCormick.  He  is  now  completing  the  thirty-eighth  year  of  con- 
secutive teaching  and  in  all  of  that  time  has  taken  no  vacation  beyond 
the  ordinary  summer  rest.  Even  this  statement  is  subject  to  modification, 
for  there  have  been  few  summers  in  which  he  has  not  been  engaged  the 
larger  part  of  the  time  in  teachers'  institutes. 

He  was  born  in  County  Mayo,  Ireland,  in  1837.  The  first  sixteen 
years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  his  native  country.  He  has  a  store  of  in- 
teresting reminiscences  connected  with  his  life  on  the  "Emerald  Isle,"  all 
of  which  heighten  his  regard  for  the  country  of  his  adoption.  It  may  be 
remarked  in  passing  that  he  permits  no  one  to  surpass  him  in  his  admi- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  109 

ration  and  affection  for  western  institutions.  In  1853  he  removed  to 
America.  He  spent  two  years  in  Ohio  and  one  in  West  Virginia  and 
then  went  to  Wisconsin.  He  worked  on  a  farm  in  the  summers  and 
went  to  school  in  the  winters  until  the  year  1859-60,  when  he  taught  his 
first  school.  For  his  services  he  received  sixteen  dollars  a  month  and 
was  past  around  the  community  as  a  boarder.  He  had  the  unusual  dis- 
tinction of  teaching  in  two  States,  as  his  school  house  was  on  tHe  bound- 
ary line.  This  necessitated  a  double  examination  as  two  certificates  were 
necessary.  The  second  year  he  was  honored  by  a  material  increase  in  his 
salary  as  he  received  twenty-three  dollars  a  month  and  he  had  the  further 
satisfaction  of  teaching  in  an  excellent  building.  This  school  he  taught 
for  four  months  of  every  year  until  1865,  when  he  went  to  Normal  and 
enrolled  as  a  student  in  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University.  He  was 
already  a  married  man  and  a  householder.  Tradition  has  it  that  his  good 
wife  had  much  to  do  with  his  abandonment  of  the  farm  and  with  his 
resumption  of  the  work  of  the  student. 

With  his  maturity  and  earnestness  of  purpose  it  was  merely  a  matter 
of  course  that  he  should  take  an  excellent  rank  and  that  he  should  win 
not  only  the  high  esteem  of  the  faculty  but  of  the  community  as  well.  He 
graduated  in  June,  1868,  and  was  immediately  employed  as  the  first  prin- 
cipal of  the  public  schools  of  Normal.  Previous  to  that  time  the  children 
of  the  village  were  provided  with  instruction  by  the  "Model  School,"  as 
it  was  then  called.  One  year  later  he  was  elected  to  a  professorship  in 
the  Normal  School  and  there  he  has  remained,  acting  also  in  the  capacity 
of  vice-president  for  many  years.  His  duties  at  first  were  in  two  or  three 
departments,  but  in  1876,  when  Dr.  Hewett  was  advanced  to  the  presi- 
dency of  the  school  he  succeeded  to  the  chair  of  geography  and  history. 
A  few  years  ago  the  work  of  his  department  was  divided  and  he  has  con- 
fined himself  to  history  and  civics  since  that  time.  In  1882  he  past  the 
examinations  for  the  degree  of  Ph.D.,  which  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University. 

It  is  not  a  simple  proposition  for  one  who  has  had  full  opportunity 
to  test  Dr.  McCormick's  loyalty  and  ability  to  moderate  his  phrases  to 
the  conventional  terms  of  a  formal  biography.  To  each  of  the  presidents 
under  whose  administration  he  has  served  he  has  been  a  source  of  un- 
mixt  satisfaction.  He  reflects  in  his  service  and  character  those  ele- 
ments which  have  given  to  the  Normal  School  the  repute  of  which  its 
friends  are  so  justly  proud.  If  in  all  of  his  thirty-eight  years  of  honor- 
able service  there  has  ever  been  a  neglected  duty  he  is  the  only  one  who 
knows  it.  If  he  has  ever  set  over  against  his  sense  of  obligation  to  the 
institution  any  thought  of  personal  ease  he  has  never  shared  a  knowledge 
of  it  with  another.  Untiring  devotion  and  simple-hearted  and  transparent 
fidelity  have  characterized  every  hour  of  his  connection  with  the  school. 
Simple  justice  demands  that  these  words  should  be  written  large.  They 
are  written  in  the  hearts  of  those  whom  he  has  taught  and  they  are  writ- 
ten larger,  if  possible,  in  the  hearts  of  those  who  have  taught  with  him. 

The  characteristic  qualities  of  Dr.  McCormick's  teaching  work  are 
widely  known.  It  is  not  aside  from  the  demands  of  absolute  accuracy  to 
say  that  he  has  met  a  larger  number  of  the  teachers  of  Illinois  in  county 
institutes  than  any  other  man.  This  has  given  him  an  influence  beyond 
the  immediate  circle  of  the  Normal  School  that  certainly  is  not  surpassed 
if  equaled  by  any  other  teacher.  When  the  two  spheres  of  activity  are 
united  it  is  easier  to  estimate  with  some  degree  of  accuracy  the  wide  ex- 
tent of  his  shaping  influence  A  large  element  in  his  method  is  his  in- 
teresting personality.  He  has  always  manifested  limitless  patience.  Thru 
all  of  his  work  there  has  been  the  play  of  a  pleasing  humor  for  which  he 
owes  no  small  obligation  to  his  racial  inheritance.  He  could  always  win 
the  confidence  of  the  shyest  country  schcolma'am  in  the  institute  and  have 
her  surprising  herself  with  her  boldness  and  freedom  before  the  close  cf 


110  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

the  first  day.  These  qualities  not  only  endear  his  pupils  to  him  but  con- 
tribute to  that  wide  popularity  as  an  institute  conductor  that  makes  the 
demand  for  his  services  far  beyond  his  ability  to  supply. 

The  subjects  of  his  department  make  large  demands  upon  the 
imaging  activities  of  the  student  if  they  are  properly  taught.  This  is  true 
in  largest  part  of  geography  but  is  also  true  in  generous  measure  of  his- 
tory. Recognizing  this  necessity,  Dr.  McCormick's  teaching  abounds  in 
a  most  delightful  concreteness.  He  has  large  faith  in  graphic  representa- 
tion and  in  his  many  years  of  instruction  in  geography  he  made  the 
greatest  use  of  the  various  methods  of  appeal  to  the  senses.  One  of  his 
pupils  could  be  recognized  anywhere  because  of  the  freedom  which  he 
developed  in  the  use  of  the  crayon  and  the  sand.  One  of  his  peculiarities 
of  speech  is  the  participial  construction.  "Stepping  to  the  board  and 
throwing  on  a  sketch,  promptly"  has  passed  into  current  phrase  among 
his  pupils.  Wherever  they  are  they  throw  on  the  sketches  and  they  do 
it  promptly. 

What  has  been  said  of  geography  is  equally  true  of  history.  In  Low- 
ell's apostrophe  to  Lincoln  he  writes : 

"And  one  of  Plutarch's  men  talked  with  us  face  to  face."  Similarly, 
in  Dr.  McCormick's  classes  the  past  lives  again  and  the  characters  whom 
the  historian  delights  to  honor  are'  as  familiar  as  the  flesh  and  blood  peo- 
ple who  throng  our  streets.  Mr.  Ingersoll  is  credited  with  the  remark 
that  George  Washington  is  little  more  than  a  steel  engraving.  This  is 
unhappily  true  in  many  instances  and  wherever  it  exists  it  is  the  result  of 
the  unpedagogical  treatment  found  in  so  many  class  rooms.  A  marked 
feature  of  Dr.  McCormick's  instruction  is  the  reconstruction  of  the  com- 
mon life  of  the  common  people,  with  the  many  details  of  ordinary  usage 
that  have  long  since  become  obsolete  and  that  too  many  historians  neglect. 
Upon  this  background  of  primitive  life  he  builds  the  historical  conscious- 
ness and  thus  introduces  the  student  to  those  transforming  rnovements 
that  have  changed  the  world  of  thought  and  action  from  the  simplicity 
of  early  society  to  the  complex  civilization  of  the  present. 

Without  attempting  any  critical  discrimination  as  to  which  of  his  vari- 
ous lines  of  work  has  been  most  educative  and  most  fertile  it  is  probable 
that  his  treatment  of  the  subject  of  physical  geography  has  been  as  valu- 
able in  many  ways  as  anything  else  that  he  has  done.  That  he  has  been 
greatly  influenced  by  the  thought  of  that  distinguished  geographer,  Ar- 
nold Guyot,  would  only  be  paying  a  just  tribute  to  an  eminent  scientist; 
but  his  investigations  have  greatly  widened  the  work  beyond  that  of  the 
book  that  did  so  much  for  so  many  teachers  and  students  in  general. 
"The  Earth  and  Man"  expresses  in  epigram  Dr.  McCormick's  idea.  It  is 
the  world  as  the  home  of  man  that  has  sounded  the  keynote  of  his  work 
in  geography  and  it  is  civilization  as  the  spiritual  development  of  man 
that  has  colored  his  work  in  history. 

While  he  has  been  top  busy  with  the  daily  work  of  instruction  to  be 
a  prolific  writer  he  has  given  to  the  teachers  a  monograph  on  geography 
that  has  had  large  sale.  For  many  years  he  has  been  especially  inter- 
ested in  the  history  of  Illinois  and  it  is  to  his  initiative  that  is  due  the 
recent  legislation  that  has  added  to  the  subjects  in  which  candidates  for 
certificates  are  examined  the  history  of  our  own  state. 

Implicit  in  what  has  been  said  is  the  recognition  of  the  immense  in- 
dustry of  this  tireless  man.  Not  content  with  the  trying  duties  of  his 
especial  department  he  is  always  on  the  search  for  something  to  do  that 
will  advance  the  usefulness  of  the  institution  in  all  ways  and  that  will 
lessen  the  cares  of  the  man  in  general  charge.  Nothing  has  done  more 
to  endear  him  to  those  who  have  had  the  main  burden  to  carry  than  to 
find  him  quietly  lifting  here  and  there  where  his  quick  vision  saw  the  op- 
portunity, altho  his  own  load  was  all  that  anyone  should  bother  himself 


STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  Ill 

about.  There  is  no  way  to  requite  such  service  adequately,  but  such  as 
he  are  never  thinking  of  compensation;  indeed  there  are  no  fitting  wages 
for  those  who  do  the  best  work  in  the  world.  Appreciation  is  the  only 
acceptable  coin  that  can  be  rendered  in  return  for  a  large  part  of  what 
the  world  lives  upon. 

Any  sketch  of  Dr.  McCormick  that  omitted  mention  of  his  robust 
Americanism  would  be  strikingly  defective.  His  experiences  as  a  lad,  as 
a  struggling  youth,  as  a  young  man  with  his  own  way  to  make  in  the 
world,  as  an  honored  and  successful  teacher,  and  as  a  respected  and  trusted 
citizen  have  all  deepened  his  sense  of  obligation  to  the  land  of  his  adop- 
tion. He  understands  the  meaning  of  the  word  that  has  brought  oppor- 
tunity to  so  many  who  have  known  the  hard  conditions  of  lands  across 
the  sea — America.  Few  public  speakers  have  expressed  it  more  grace- 
fully and  more  gratefully.  His  words  cannot  be  repeated  too  frequently. 
His  hot  indignation  against  those  who  have  found  welcome  and  freedom 
and  prosperity  under  the  folds  of  the  flag  and  who  are  so  base  as  to  at- 
tack the  social  order  that  has  sheltered  them  should  be  shouted  into  the 
ears  of  political  malcontents.  While  he  loves,  as  he  should,  the  green  isle 
that  gave  him  birth  and  deplores  the  wrongs  that  she  has  been  obliged  to 
endure,  he  is  first  of  all  an  American  in  the  truest  of  all  senses;  he  un- 
derstands, appreciates,  and  thankfully  renders  the  loyalty  of  a  devoted  son. 

Four  sons  and  a  daughter  were  born  to  Dr.  and  Mrs.  McCormick, 
all  of  whom  are  living.  The  daughter  is  the  wife  of  O.  R.  Trowbridge, 
who  recently  retired  from  the  practice  of  the  law.  Two  of  the  sons  are 
practicing  physicians,  a  third  is  a  dentist,  and  the  fourth  is  professor  of 
mechanical  engineering  and  superintendent  of  shops  at  the  State  Agri- 
cultural College,  Manhattan,  Kansas. 

Mrs.  McCormick  died  after  a  brief  illness  on  December  6,  1905.  She 
was  a  woman  of  remarkable  force  of  character  and  was  prominently  iden- 
tified with  several  of  the  religious  and  social  organizations  of  Normal. 
She  was  in  all  ways  a  helpmeet  to  her  honored  husband.  "Her  children 
arise  up,  and  call  her  blessed ;  her  husband  also,  and  he  praiseth  her." 


There  is  a  notable  list  of  teachers  whose  names  will  be  unfamiliar  to 
the  Normal  student  of  today.  Few  of  them  have  ever  heard  that  Major 
Powell,  of  canon  fame,  was  at  one  time  connected  with  the  institution 
as  Director  of  the  Museum.  That  Dr.  Stephen  A.  Forbes,  so  widely  known 
as  the  distinguished  Professor  of  Entomology  in  the  University  of  Illinois 
for  more  than  twenty  years,  and  State  Entomologist  for  about  the  same 
time,  was  for  twelve  years  connected  with  the  Normal  School  as  Profes- 
sor and  Curator  of  the  Museum  is  an  interesting  item  of  history.  Dr. 
Charles  DeGarmo,  Professor  of  Pedagogy,  Cornell  University,  educational 
expert  and  author  of  noted  books  upon  various  aspects  of  educational  the- 
ory, was  for  seven  years  in  charge  of  one  of  the  departments  of  the 
Model  School  and  after  an  interruption  of  three  years  spent  in  Germany 
was  a  teacher  in  the  Normal  Department.  The  McMurrys,  Charles  and 
Frank,  known  the  country  over  as  writers  and  teachers,  spent  several 
years  in  the  school  as  supervisors  of  training.  Minor  L.  Seymour,  the  im- 
mediate predecessor  of  the  lamented  Professor  Colton,  was  for  eleven 
years  at  the  head  of  the  science  work,  and  is  now  living  in  Los  Angeles 
in  comfortable  retirement  after  a  long  and  honorable  service  in  a  similar 
position  in  one  of  the  State  Normal  Schools  of  California.  Dr.  Charles 
C.  VanLiew,  now  president  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Chico,  Cali- 
fornia, was  for  three  years  a  teacher  in  the  school.  The  lamented  Louis 
H.  Galbreath,  so  full  of  realization  and  so  abundantly  full  of  promise,  and 
whose  record  as  an  alumnus  will  be  found  in  the  Register,  deserves  far 
more  than  a  passing  mention  in  the  long  list  of  former  teachers. 


112  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

W.  L.  PILLSBURY 

The  High  School  occupied  a  unique  position  in  the  Normal  Univer- 
sity. Its  principals  have  almost  without  exception  been  teachers  of  ex- 
ceptional scholarship  and  superior  skill.  Charles  F.  Childs,  '62-3,  was  a 
most  interesting  and  inspiring  character.  He  went  to  St.  Louis  after  a 
year  at  Normal  and  was  for  a  few  years  the  principal  of  the  city  High 
School.  He  had  an  absorbing  passion  for  study  and  soon  worked  himself 
into  his  grave.  He  was  succeeded  in  the  old  High  School  by  William  L. 
Pillsbury,  who  had  recently  graduated  from  Harvard  College.  Mr.  Pills- 
bury  began  his  work  in  September,  1863,  and  continued  in  charge  of  the 
school  until  1870,  when  he  retired  from  teaching  to  engage  in  business. 

Under  his  administration  the  reputation  of  the  school  for  the  prepa- 
ration it  gave  to  the  boys  who  were  fitting  for  college  attracted  students 
from  various  parts  of  the  State.  It  had  manifest  advantages,  for  the  spe- 
cial high  school  teachers  attended  to  the  instruction  in  ancient  and  mod- 
ern languages  while  the  rest  of  the  work  was  done  by  the  Normal  teachers. 
It  was  thus  equipped  in  effect  with  the  whole  Normal  faculty  as  well  as 
with  its  own  especial  faculty.  Mr.  Pillsbury  graduated  near  the  top  of 
his  class  and  he  demanded  the  kind  of  work  that  honor  men  must  do  to 
win  their  laurels. 

From  1879  to  1886  Mr.  Pillsbury  was  assistant  to  the  State  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction.  He  was  peculiarly  fitted  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  this  office  and  was  mainly  instrumental  in  securing  certain  amend- 
ments to  the  school  law  which  put  the  county  superintendency  on  its  feet 
and  which  provided  for  county  institutes. 

Since  1888  Mr.  Pillsbury  has  been  connected  with  the  University  of 
Illinois,  first  as  secretary  of  the  Experiment  Station  and  later  as  Registrar. 
In  1866  he  was  married  to  Miss  Marion  Hammond,  principal  of  the  pri- 
mary department  of  the  Model  School. 

OTHER  PRINCIPALS 

Mr.  Pillsbury  was  succeeded  as  principal  by  Miss  Mary  E.  Horton,  a 
woman  of  fine  scholarship  and  of  unusual  force  of  character.  She  re- 
mained only  one  year  and  subsequently  was  professor  of  Greek  at  Welles- 
ley  College.  She  was  followed  by  Mr.  E.  W.  Coy,  of  Peoria.  He  re- 
mained two  years  and  resigned  to  accept  the  principalship  of  the  Hughes 
High  School,  in  Cincinnati,  a  position  which  he  has  held  for  the  last 
thirty-three  years  and  more.  Mr.  Coy  is  widely  known  as  one  of  the  most 
successful  high  school  principals  in  this  country. 

Mr.  Lester  L.  Burrington  came  to  the  High  School  in  1874  and  re- 
mained five  years.  His  administration  was  an  exceedingly  popular  period 
in  the  history  of  the  school.  He  was  enticed  away  by  the  managing  board 
of  Dean  Academy,  Franklin,  Massachusetts.  He  was  in  charge  of  that 
school  for  eighteen  years.  Mr.  Burrington  died  in  1903,  a  few  years  after 
leaving  Dean  Academy. 

Mr.  Burrington's  successor  was  the  present  President  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois,  Dr.  Edmund  J.  James.  He  retained  the  position  for  three 
years  and  went  to  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  A  familiar  designation 
of  Dr.  James  at  that  time  was  "The  New  Thomas  Arnold."  Those  who 
know  him  do  not  need  to  be  assured  that  there  was  no  lessening  of  the 
rigorous  requirements  of  the  school  in  his  administration. 

Prof.  Herbert  J.  Barton,  since  1890  Professor  of  Latin  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois,  succeeded  Dr.  James  after  a  brief  interregnum.  He 
retained  the  position  seven  years.  The  school  was  very  prosperous  dur- 
ing this  period  and  the  accommodations  were  taxed  to  their  limit  to  pro- 
vide sittings  for  the  pupils.  Upon  his  withdrawal  O.  L.  Manchester 
became  principal  and  continued  until  the  closing  of  the  school  in  1895. 


MRS.  FLORA  PENNELL  PARR 
1877-1890. 


MRS.  MARTHA  D.  L.  HAYNIE 
1866-1886. 


MRS.  RUTH  MORRIS  KERSEY  MARY  HARTMANN 

1888-1891.  1882-1907. 

A  GROUP  OF  WOMEN  TEACHERS 


ILLINOIS  STAT15  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  113 

MRS.    MARTHA  D.  L.    HAYNIE 

Martha  D.  L.  Haynie  was  born  in  Danville,  Ky.,  on  the  third  day 
of  June,  1826.  Her  father,  Duff  Green,  was  a  physician  and  received  his 
medical  education  in  Philadelphia,  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
when  the  celebrated  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  was  at  its  head.  He  was  surgeon 
in  his  regiment  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  was  stationed  at  New  Orleans. 

The  first  work  of  the  pioneers  of  the  blue  grass  country  was  the  build- 
ing of  churches  and  school  houses.  Center  College,  Danville,  had  already 
become  a  noted  institution  of  learning  in  the  earliest  recollections  of  Mrs. 
Haynie.  The  "infant  school"  to  which  she  was  admitted  in  her  very  early 
childhood  and  which  she  faintly  remembers,  was  in  many  respects  like 
the  modern  kindergarten.  She  passed  through  the  various  grades  of  pre- 
paratory schools  and  graduated  in  the  Danville  Female  Seminary.  Lan- 
guage was  her  favorite  study  and  her  greatest  success  at  school  was  Eng- 
lish grammar  which  she  was  destined  to  teach  so  long  and  so  successfully. 
Rhetoric  and  composition  were  also  especially  attractive  to  her  and  she 
cherishes  among  her  books  Newman's  Rhetoric,  a  text  that  few  modern 
students  remember.  After  leaving  the  seminary  she  pursued  extensive 
studies  in  modern  languages,  especially  in  French,  which  she  taught  for 
many  years. 

She  was  married  to  Dr.  Abner  Frost  Haynie,  of  Salem,  111.,  a  noted 
physician,  a  man  of  superior  scholarship,  and  ardently  devoted  to  literary 
pursuits.  He  died  in  July,  1851. 

Mrs.  Haynie  taught  two  years  before  her  marriage.  Seven  years 
later  she  was  assistant  in  the  Mount  Vernon  Academy  one  year.  The 
next  year  the  citizens  established  a  girls'  school  and  gave  her  full  charge 
of  it.  There  were  several  departments  reaching  from  the  primary  to  the 
high  school  She  had  charge  of  this  school  for  several  years,  giving  the 
instruction  in  the  upper  grades. 

In  1866  she  was  appointed  assistant  to  the  principal  in  the  old  High 
School  department  of  the  I.S.N.U.  She  remained  in  that  position  for  ten 
years,  teaching  English  grammar,  French,  and  rhetoric  and  composition. 
She  not  only  instructed  the  high  school  students  but  all  of  the  Normal 
students  who  elected  French.  The  history  of  that  department  must  al- 
ways occupy  a  large  place  in  the  annals  of  the  institution  and  Mrs.  Hay- 
nie's  contribution  to  the  success  of  a  school  that  was  phenomenally  suc- 
cessful was  extremely  significant.  Every  student  of  the  school  from  1866 
to  1876  has  a  warm  place  in  his  heart  for  the  woman  who  was  as  true  a 
friend  to  every  boy  and  girl  enrolled  in  her  classes  as  the  fortunes  of  life 
can  possibly  bring  to  one  beyond  the  circle  of  his  home. 

In  1876  Mrs.  Haynie  was  promoted  to  the  Professorship  of  Modern 
Languages  in  the  Normal  department.  She  held  this  position  until  her 
resignation  in  1886.  She  is  the  author  of  two  books  that  were  the  product 
of  her  rich  experience  as  a  teacher:  Syntax  and  Analysis,  and  Etymology. 
Mrs.  Haynie's  marked  characteristics  as  a  teacher  were  her  unusual 
vigor  and  persistence.  It  was  in  her  grammar  classes  that  she  met  the 
mass  of  the  students  and,  indeed,  she  met  all  of  them  for  she  did  the  in- 
structing in  that  subject.  How  she  managed  to  accomplish  the  amount  of 
work  that  she  carried  thru  with  such  abounding  energy  is  a  problem  that 
the  modern  teacher  with  her  ten  or  twelve  hours  a  week  cannot  be  ex- 
pected to  understand.  Yet  she  rarely  lost  an  hour  from  her  work.  She 
had  one  most  distressing  illness  which  kept  her  out  of  school  for  a  few 
weeks,  but  when  she  returned  she  resumed  her  instruction  with  her  char- 
acteristic enthusiasm. 

Mrs.  Haynie  was  far  more  than  a  mere  class  room  instructor ;  she 
was  a  devoted  friend  and  was  never  weary  of  serving  those  who  were 
under  her  charge.  Since  her  resignation  her  life  has  been  mainly  spent 
with  her  son,  Mr.  William  Duff  Haynie,  a  prominent  and  highly  success- 
ful attorney,  in  Chicago.  Mrs.  Haynie's  address  is  603  East  Forty-sixth 


114  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

street,  Chicago.  Altho  she  will  soon  celebrate  her  eighty-first  birthday 
there  are  very  few  suggestions  of  advanced  age.  Her  penmanship  is 
without  the  faintest  suggestion  of  tremulousness  and  her  well-known  in- 
tellectual vigor  is  not  impaired.  The  thousands  of  High  School  and  Nor- 
mal school  students  who  have  been  her  pupils  and  who  are  dispersed  thru 
a  large  part  of  the  world  will  unite  with  the  writer  of  this  brief  and  im- 
perfect sketch  in  the  hope  that  her  life  may  be  spared  for  many  years  and 
that  she  may  realize  in  rich  measure  the  affectionate  regard  in  which  she 
is  held. 

BUEL  P.   COLTON  :   PIONEER  SCIENCE  TEACHER  IN  ILLINOIS 
By  Professor  Manfred  J.  Holmes 

Buel  Preston  Colton  was  born  March  23,  1852,  on  a  farm  near  Prince- 
ton, Illinois.  His  family  on  both  sides  were  of  Puritan  origin  and  had 
preserved  the  best  of  the  strong  Puritan  traits  of  character.  On  his 
mother's  side  his  ancestors  represented  a  line  of  teachers  and  preachers. 
His  mother  was  a  woman  of  rare  piety,  remarkable  intellectual  gifts,  and 
force  of  personality.  His  father  was  a  co-worker  with  Owen  Lovejoy  in 
conducting  the  "underground  railroad"  during  the  fugitive  slave  days, 
and  also  an  ardent  lover  of  nature  and  man's  improvement  of  nature. 
The  social  influence  of  the  community  was  of  a  high  and  positive  char- 
acter, taking  its  general  tone  and  purpose  from  the  pioneer  Puritan  colony 
that  settled  there. 

But  there  were  other  telling  influences  that  played  upon  the  life  of 
the  boy  Colton.  His  boyhood  was  spent  on  the  Bureau  county  farm  be- 
fore draintiles  had  turned  marsh  and  lakelet  into  prolific  grain  fields  and 
pasture  lands.  Wild  game  was  abundant.  Thousands  of  acres  of  virgin 
soil  still  put  forth  from  spring  to  fall  a  paradise  of  native  flora.  Under 
the  influence  of  these  natural  surroundings  the  boy's  love  of  adventure, 
outdoor  life,  and  natural  beauty  was  stimulated  and  developed. 

With  such  advantages  of  inheritance  and  environment,  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  the  boy  had  an  ambition  to  get  a  good  education  and  take  an 
active  part  in  the  world's  work.  His  education  was  begun  in  a  .little 
brick  school  house  on  a  corner  of  his  father's  farm.  At  the  age  of  four- 
teen he  entered  the  Princeton  Township  High  school  and  was  graduated 
with  its  first  class  in  1870  under  Henry  L.  Boltwood,  distinguished  among 
Illinois  teachers  for  scholarship,  enthusiasm,  and  organizing  ability.  He 
took  one  year  of  post-graduate  high  school  work  at  Princeton,  spent  one 
year  at  Knox  College,  and  finished  his  college  course  after  two  years' 
study  at  Amherst,  from  which  college  he  was  graduated  in  1874. 

Mr.  Colton  taught  for  thirty  years,  twenty-nine  of  which  were  in  Illi- 
nois schools.  His  professional  career  began  with  his  work  as  teacher  in 
the  Princeton  Township  High  School  in  1874.  In  1875-76  he  taught  a  rural 
school  near  Princeton;  during  1876-77  we  find  him  at  Keokuk  (la.),  at 
Decatur  the  next  year,  and  from  1878-81  he  again  taught  in  the  Prince- 
ton High  School. 

It  was  during  Mr.  Colton's  college  days  and  thru  this  first  stage  in 
his  teaching  career  that  "the  attention  of  the  world  was  being  directed  to 
natural  science  as  never  before  in  all  history."  The  modern  scientific 
movement  with  its  inductive  method  of  study  had  already  discovered  the 
constitution  of  the  universe  in  astronomy,  the  process  of  world-making 
in  geology,  much  of  the  nature  and  meaning  of  the  hitherto  mysterious 
and  hidden  forces  of  physics  and  chemistry;  good  progress  had  been  made 
in  the  scientific  classification  of  plants  and  animals;  but  the  science  of 
biology  in  the  more  exact  sense  of  that  term,  the  study  of  the  conditions, 
processes,  and  laws  of  organic  life,  including  its  relation  to  what  is  pres- 
ent and  what  is  past,  held  a  commanding  position  in  the  scientific  thought 
of  the  latter  half  of  the  nineteenth  century.  The  scientific  labors  of  Dar- 
win, Spencer,  Wallace,  Huxley,  Tyndall,  Haeckel  and  others  were  ma- 


ILUNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  115 

turing  into  results.  Perhaps  the  most  startling  and  significant  of  all  the 
results  was  the  theory  of  organic  evolution  thru  natural  selection  and  the 
survival  of  the  fittest. 

This  whole  great  movement  itself,  and  the  characteristic  events  in  its 
progress  stirred  the  enthusiasm  and  enlisted  the  devotion  of  the  younger 
men  of  science.  Many  of  them  caught  not  a  little  of  the  scientific  passion 
and  the  teaching  spirit  that  were  so  manifest  in  the  lives  of  Agassiz,  Hux- 
ley, and  many  of  their  colleagues.  Mr.  Colton  was  one  of  the  young  men 
who  caught  the  inspiration  and  discerned  the  great  meaning  of  the  scien- 
tific movement,  and  with  characteristic  judgment  and  sense  of  obligation 
he  sought  to  secure  the  most  thoro  preparation  possible  for  the  teaching 
of  his  chosen  specialties — zoology,  physiology,  and  botany.  He  resigned 
his  position  at  Princeton  and  studied  for  two  years  (1881-1883)  at  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  spending  his  summer  vacations  in  scientific  excur- 
sions. The  University  has  conferred  two  honors  upon  Mr.  Colton :  in 
1882  he  was  awarded  a  graduate  scholarship ;  and  in  due  time  his  picture 
will  hang  among  the  pictures  of  those  Johns  Hopkins  men  who  have  be- 
come distinguished.  "He  seems  to  have  been  most  influenced  by  two 
brilliant  teachers,  William  K.  Brooks,  the  zoologist,  and  H.  Newell  Mar- 
tin, a  pupil  of  Huxley,  who  like  his  great  master,  divided  his  energies 
between  human  physiology  and  general  zoology." 

With  advanced  preparation  and  increased  inspiration  Mr.  Colton  re- 
sumed the  work  of  teaching  in  his  native  state.  From  1883  to  1888  he 
was  teacher  of  science  in  the  Ottawa  Township  High  School.  The  last 
three  of  his  five  years  at  Ottawa  he  was  also  principal. 

Professor  Colton  wrote  two  series  of  textbooks,  one  on  zoology,  the 
other  on  physiolgy.  These  are  models  of  scholarly  accuracy  and  literary 
excellence.  These  textbooks  grew  out  of  the  author's  teaching  experience 
and  form  an  organic  part  of  his  educational  work.  Both  series  of  books 
have  exercised  an  important  influence  upon  the  teaching  of  those  subjects 
and  will  continue  for  many  years  to  be  standard  textbooks.  The  scope 
and  adaptation  of  the  physiologies  cover  the  entire  field  of  higher,  second- 
ary, and  elementary  education.* 

Mr.  Colton's  work  at  Ottawa  soon  marked  him  as  one  of  the  best 
teachers  of  science  in  the  Middle  West,  and  in  1888  he  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  natural  science  in  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University. 

President  Felmley  said  of  him :  "In  his  teaching  Mr.  Colton  carried 
out  better  than  anyone  else  I  have  known  President  Eliot's  doctrine  tRat 
to  observe  carefully  and  record  faithfully  are  vital  preliminaries  to  ac- 
curate comparison  and  generalization.  He  possessed  rare  skill  in  directing 
and  questioning.  The  notebooks  and  drawings  made  by  his  students  were 

models  of  their  kind Mr.  Colton  was  very  apt  in  illustrations;  his 

laboratory  abounds  in  original  devices He  was  orderly  and  syste- 
matic in  an  unusual  degree But,  after  all,  the  best  work  of  the 

teacher  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  methods  of  his  class  room,  nor  in  the 
books  he  writes.  It  is  in  the  lives  that  are  quickened  by  his  personal 
touch."  No  doubt  Mr.  Colton's  intense  love  of  rature  touched  all  of  his 
pupils  in  some  degree,  but  there  were  always  a  few  who  were  more  sus- 
ceptible to  their  teacher's  enthusiasm.  These  were  drawn  to  him  like 
disciples  to  a  master;  and  many  of  them  have  become  enthusiastic,  ef- 
ficient teachers  of  science  in  Illinois  and  other  states. 

Perhaps  the  most  striking  personal  traits  of  Mr.  Colton  outside  the 
classroom  were  his  love  of  nature,  his  love  of  truth,  and  his  hearty  hatred 
of  shams  and  pretention.  These  traits  are  most  effectively  described  by 
one  who  was  once  a  pupil  and  later  a  colleague  and  intimate  associate 
for  years. 

"It  should  be  said  first  of  all  that  Mr.  Colton's  love  of  outdoor  life 
was  a  love  of  nature  in  the  rough.  He  sought  and  loved  the  natural 


*For  an  estimate  of  the  worth  of  these  books,  see  chapter  V.  pp.  59-61— Editor. 


116  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

world  untouched  by  the  hand  of  man.  The  wild  rose  with  all  its  thorns 
was  far  more  attractive  to  him  than  was  its  cultivated  descendent.  Some 
go  into  ecstasies  over  the  cultivated  flowers  of  their  well-kept  gar- 
dens. Mr.  Colton  cared  little  for  such  artificial  nature.  He  sought  the 
wild  flower  in  its  natural  haunts.  If  rocky  hillsides  or  wet  woods  were 
their  homes,  it  pleased  him  well  to  be  there.  His  home  and  garden  did 
not  abound  with  cultivated  flowers ;  a  few  transplanted  wild  flowers  and 
a  collection  of  rocks  and  pebbles  gathered  from  far  and  near  gave  evi- 
dence of  his  preference.  Mr.  Colton's  greatest  pleasure  was  to  leave  be- 
hind all  the  environs  of  civilization,  and  in  company  with  a  few  com- 
panions go  forth  into  the  wildest  woods  accessible  and  there  live  in  close 
touch  with  untamed  nature." 

"Under  such  surroundings  Mr.  Colton's  very  nature  seemed  changed. 
Students  who  had  known  him  only  in  the  classroom,  accompanying  him 
for  the  first  time  on  such  outings  were  surprised  beyond  measure  at  the 
new  revelations  of  the  man.  He  often  seemed  like  one  intoxicated  with 
the  spirit  of  vivacity,  generosity,  forbearance,  human  kindness,  and  love 
of  the  whole  world." 

One  of  the  most  significant  questions  that  can  be  asked  of  a  man  is, 
What  was  his  guiding  purpose?  What  did  he  consciously  endeavor  to 
stand  for?  Happily  in  Mr.  Colton's  case  this  question  can  be  answered  in 
part  with  certainty.  He  said  more  than  once  that  he  did  not  consider  it 
his  calling  to  be  that  of  original  research  and  the  making  of  new  contri- 
butions to  scientific  knowledge ;  but  his  life  work  was  rather  to  extend 
scientific  knowledge  to  the  masses  of  the  people.  He  could  not  have 
chosen  a  better  vantage  ground  for  realizing  this  noble  purpose  than  that 
of  a  teacher  of  teachers  who  would  themselves  in  their  work  reach  all  the 
children.  So  we  find  Colton  in  the  true  line  of  apostolic  succession  from 
Darwin,  Huxley,  Agassiz,  Youmans  and  others — those  great  heroic  mis- 
sionaries of  truth  who  have  opened  the  way  for  the  masses  of  the  people, 
including  the  little  children,  to  comprehend  and  enjoy  God's  thought  and 
love  in  nature.  He  impatiently  and  persistently  brushed  aside  anything 
that  interfered  with  the  promotion  of  this  special  life  purpose.  He  once 
said  to  the  writer,  "I  know  what  I  am  here  for,  and  I  will  not  let  anyone 
or  anything  turn  me  aside." 

Nothing  can  show  Mr.  Colton's  appreciation  of  the  necessity  and  the 
economy  of  recreation  more  clearly  than  the  following  verses  which  he 
wrote  at  the  beginning  of  his  vacation  in  1902: 

UNBEND 

Unbend  your  bow, 

You  ought  to  know 
That  if  kept  bent 
Its  strength  is  spent. 

Relax  and  rest 

A  little  while; 
Put  off  your  frown, 

Put  on  a  smile. 

Just  drop  your  work 

And  take  some  play; 
Thus  in  life's  race 

You'll  longer  stay. 

Let  up  the  everlasting  strain. 

You'll  be  made  new 
And  free  from  pain 
With  every  fiber  strong  again. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  117 

A  sadly  warped  and  stiffened  thing 

Your  entire  being  soon  will  be ; 
And  snap!    will  go  the  o'erstretched  string, 

Devoid  of  elasticity. 

If  more  of  life  you'd  live 
And  from  the  wreck  of  nerves  be  free, 

Ambitious  friend !  be  wise  in  time ; 
Unstring  your  strenuosity. 

Mr.  Colton  was  a  man  of  distinctive  character  and  striking  individu- 
ality. Life's  wearing  struggle  ended  his  career  too  soon.  He  was  buried 
in  the  cemetery  at  Princeton.  In  due  time,  in  accordance  with  his  request, 
the  grave  will  be  marked  by  a  rugged  boulder  that  has  lain  for  some  years 
in  his  front  yard  at  Normal.  This  incident  is  characteristic,  and  such 
marking  is  eminently  fitting.  It  becomes  the  character  of  the  man,  his 
love  of  simplicity,  his  unassuming  modesty,  and  his  passion  for  nature 
as  it  came  from  the  hand  of  the  Creator. 

ARNOLD   TOMPKINS 
By  John  A.  H.  Keith,  Class  of  1894 

The  name  fits  the  man.  One  cares  little  what  titles  he  has  earned  or 
what  positions  he  has  held, — for  in  whatever  circumstance  one  has  seen 
him,  he  seems  to  be  simply  Arnold  Tompkins.  The  democratic,  Lincoln- 
like  character  makes  a  stronger  appeal  than  man-conferred  distinctions. 
One  naturally  suspects  that  the  early  life  of  Arnold  Tompkins  belongs  to 
"the  short  and  simple  annals  of  the  poor." 

Born  on  a  farm  in  Edgar  county,  111.,  in  1849,  young  Tompkins  had 
all  the  delights  and  all  the  trials  that  come  to  the  ordinary  country  boy. 
He  seems  to  have  been  somewhat  peculiar,  however,  for  it  is  recorded  that, 
as  a  boy,  he  found  his  greatest  pleasure  in  doing  useful  things  as  well  as 
he  could,  and  studying  as  much  as  possible.  At  fifteen,  he  walked  three 
miles  to  attend  a  school  taught  by  a  man  of  college  training.  At  seven- 
teen, young  Tompkins  taught  a  country  school,  and  in  the  spring  attended 
the  Paris  high  school.  At  twenty,  he  entered  Indiana  University.  Within 
six  months  he  had  to  leave  because  of  overwork.  He  started  in  at  Butler 
University  the  next  year  but  had  soon  to  leave  on  account  of  illness.  Mr. 
Tompkins  entered  the  Indiana  State  Normal  School  in  the  spring  of  1875 
and  there  met  W.  A.  Jones,  whose  philosophy  influenced  the  remainder 
of  his  life.  He  graduated  in  1880  from  that  school,  being  thirty-one  years 
old  at  the  time. 

From  1880  to  1882  Mr.  Tompkins  taught  at  Worthington,  Ind.  From 
1882  to  1885  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Franklin,  Ind.,  schools.  In  1885 
he  went  to  DePauw  University  as  head  of  the  English  work  in  the  normal 
department,  and  in  1889,  twenty  years  after  matriculation,  Mr.  Tompkins 
received  the  A.  B.  degree.  In  1890,  Mr.  Tompkins  went  to  the  normal 
school  at  Terre  Haute  as  teacher  of  English.  In  1893,  because  of  some 
difference  of  opinion  regarding  the  policy  of  the  school,  he  left  the  Terre 
Haute  school,  and  for  two  years  was  a  student  at  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago. In  1895,  ne  .went  to  the  State  University  of  Illinois  to  the  chair  of 
Pedagogy.  He  was  president  of  the  I.S.N.U.  for  the  year  1899-1900. 
From  1900  till  the  time  of  his  death,  August  12,  1905,  Dr.  Tompkins  was 
president  of  the  Chicago  Normal  School. 

These  statistical  facts  are  no  true  measure  of  the  man.  His  writings 
reveal  him  more  truly.  His  first  publication  was  A  Graded  Course  of 
Study  for  the  Franklin  Public  Schools  (1883),  a  course  "based  on  the 
logical  and  psychological  factors  in  education."  In  1889,  he  published  the 
Science  of  Discourse;  in  1893,  The  Philosophy  of  Teaching;  in  1895,  The 


118  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

Philosophy  of  School  Management.  An  analysis  of  the  underlying  concep- 
tions of  Dr.  Tompkins  is  necessary  to  an  understanding  of  what  these 
titles  mean.  "Early  in  his  chosen  life-work  he  struck  a  note  that  sounded 
thru  all  he  did  in  after  life.  It  was  a  "new  birth,"  an  awakening  into  con- 
sciousness of  what  had  been  instinctively  guiding  him  in  previous  years. 
Subjectively,  it  was  what  he  himself  called  the  "major  premise  of  life;"  ob- 
jectively, it  was  that  the  major  premise  of  life  should  appear  as  the  con- 
trolling factor  in  every  act,  even  to  the  details  of  daily  life."* 

But  what  is  this  major  premise  of  life?  Dr.  Tompkins  in  his  famous 
Columbus  address  set  forth  an  answer  and  an  analysis.  He  says,  "All  pro- 
cesses of  thot are  but  processes  of  establishing  unity  in  and  thru  di- 
versity, are  but  modes  of  satisfying  the  craving  of  the  soul  for  touch  with 

the  life  that  binds  the  seemingly  chaotic  world  into  orderly  system 

The  plant  or  the  animal  is  moved  to  self-realization  thru  a  resident  force. 

The  hills  are  ever  seeking  new  conditions Every  object  has  a  dual 

nature — something  within  it  which  tends  to  destroy  its  present  form  of 
existence  and  bring  it  nearer  to  the  reality  of  the  nature  which  constitutes 
it The  universe  is  alive  and  not  dead The  principle  of  self- 
activity  appears  primarily  (in  the  process  of  education)  as  tension  between 

the  real  and  the  ideal The  second  form  of  the  principle  is  a  tension 

between  subject  (self)  and  object In  the  process  of  teaching,  this 

principle  is  the  tension  between  the  universal  and  the  individual,  or  be- 
tween the  creative  energy  and  its  object." 

This  philosophy,  which  had  been  hinted  to  Dr.  Tompkins  by  W.  A. 
Jones,  while  he  was  a  student  at  Terre  Haute  and  which  he  had  subse- 
quently elaborated  thru  study  and  reflection,  is,  after  all,  not  so  very  new 
nor  so  very  striking  as  a  philosophic  solution  of  the  world-problems,  but 
the  exposition  of  it  by  Dr.  Tompkins  was  truly  wonderful.  Illustrations 
of  the  various  aspects  of  the  fundamental  principle  of  self-activity  were 
apparently  never  lacking,  for  Dr.  Tompkins  had  so  trained  himself  that 
he  could  see  the  whole  unity  of  the  universe  in  every  strand  and  stray 
segment  of  it.  This  concreteness  was  always  delightful.  Dr.  Tompkins 
loved  the  beautiful,  taught  it,  talked  it,  lived  it.  He  had  a  vein  of  delight- 
ful humor  most  of  which  clustered  about  the  incongruous, — the  things 
that  seemingly  would  not  come  under  the  various  phases  of  unity. 

These  things  made  Dr.  Tompkins  more  influential  in  the  classroom 
and  on  the  lecture  platform  than  he  was  thru  his  books.  Many  excellent 
judges  of  teaching  have  pronounced  Dr.  Tompkins  the  best  teacher  of  his 
day  and  generation,  and  others  have  said  that  he  was  the  most  effective 
institute  worker  they  had  ever  known.  Even  those  who  did  not  agree 
with  his  philosophy  at  all  liked  him  and  were  glad  to  hear  and  meet  him 
in  discussion.  All  this  means  that  the  personality  of  the  man  was  genuine 
and  gracious,  and  it  accounts  for  the  fact  that  he  had  more  followers,  or 
"disciples,"  among  those  who  did  not  claim  to  be  friends,  than  any  other 
man  of  his  time. 

Those  who  were  closest  to  him  in  school  work  and  in  personal  contact, 
loved  him  with  the  kind  of  love  which  Arnold  Tompkins  talked  and  lived. 
There  was  little  conventionality  in  Dr.  Tompkins'  life  for  his  soul  was  so 
intense  that  it  found  a  way  for  itself.  Sympathetic,  patient,  forbearing, 
ever  seeking  to  be  of  service  to  others  by  calling  out  the  best  that  was  in 
them,  always  believing  in  the  basal  good  in  men  and  that  "Love  can  never 
lose  its  own,"  Arnold  Tompkins  lived  his  life  with  sincerity  and  with  joy. 
And  no  one  who  ever  knew  him  will  willingly  allow  his  memory  to  be  for- 
gotten. One  well  qualified  to  judge  has  said  of  him,  "He  so  completely 
identified  himself  with  his  beliefs  that  he  was  himself  the  living  embodi- 
ment of  his  philosophy  of  life." 

"Arnold  Tompkins,  a  memorial  prepared  and  published  by  the  Faculty  of  the  Chicago 
Normal  School,  1905.  The  writer  is  also  indebted  to  this  book  for  many  of  the  facts  al- 
ready cited. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  H9 

JOHN    WILLISTON    COOK 
By  John  A.  H.  Keith,  Class  of  1894 

I  wish  to  confess,  in  the  first  sentence,  my  inability  to  keep  up  the  pace 
set  by  Dr.  Cook  in  the  first  thirty-five  or  more  pages  of  this  chapter.  Such 
a  command  of  adjectives,  figures  of  speech,  and  sentential  structure  as  Dr. 
Cook  has  is  very  unusual,  and  is  as  pleasing  and  as  effective  as  it  is  rare. 
There  will  perhaps  be  no  better  place  than  this  to  record  the  thanks  of  those 
who  had  the  making  of  this  book  in  charge,  to  Dr.  Cook  for  his  faithful 
and  kindly  service  in  preparing  this  chapter. 

As  I  have  gone  around  among  the  men  who  have  known  him,  I  find 
that  Dr.  Cook  is  a  comparative  stranger  while  John  Cook  is  well  known. 
Hon.  Isaac  N.  Phillips  wrote  in  1899,  "John  Cook  would  divide  his  last 
crust  with  a  hungry  dog."  And  men  are  instinctively  drawn  to  anyone 
who  gives  them  that  impression.  There  is  in  some  men,  and  notably  in 
Dr.  Cook,  a  certain  quality  of  action  that  reveals  a  native  kindness.  Even 
what,  we  call  "dumb  brutes"  discern  this  quality  in  men.  This  quality  in 
Dr.  Cook,  in  response  to  home  influences,  grew  into  affability,  courtesy, 
politeness,  urbanity,— even  suavity.  These  acquired  qualities  account  for 
much  of  his  success  in  dealing  with  men, — from  disgruntled  landlords  to 
irate  governors. 

And  Dr.  Cook  has  another  quality  that  goes  along  with  the  developed 
forms  of  his  native  kindness,  viz.,  sincerity.  He  is  not  naturally  secretive, 
but  is  out  and  out  what  he  is.  This  carries  honesty  along  with  it.  Dr. 
Cook  did  not  always  camp  in  the  same  spot.  He  often  said,  "A  wise  man 
changes  his  opinion ;  a  fool  does  not."  No  man,  however,  was  ever  more 
genuinely  courageous  nor  more  persistently  tenacious  with  regard  to  those 
things  which  he  regarded  as  right. 

The  world  of  trade  and  politics  always  attracted  him,  and  how  he  kept 
out  of  the  latter  is  something  his  friends  do  not  quite  understand.  I  have 
heard  students  of  the  seventies  and  eighties  say  that  a  good  lawyer  was 
spoiled  when  Mr.  Cook  became  a  teacher.  Educational  journalism  at- 
tracted him  for  awhile,  he  owns  considerable  real  estate,  and  he  even  has 
stock  in  several  industrial  concerns,  some  of  which  is  for  sale,  I  believe. 
It  is  fortunate  for  the  educational  interests  of  Illinois  that  Mr.  Cook  re- 
mained in  the  teaching  work. 

His  reason  for  staying  in  the  teaching  work  can  be  read  between  the 
lines  of  his  words  to  Thomas  Metcalf  in  the  baccalaureate  address  of  1894, 
and  quoted  by  Mr.  Cook  himself  (p.  92).  After  looking  over  the  whole 
field  of  things  he  might  possibly  do,  he  deliberately  chose  teaching  because 
he  saw  in  it  the  greatest  opportunities  for  service.  This  word  service 
became  the  guiding  principle  of  his  life,  and  his  oft-repeated  analysis  of 
it  has  influenced  many  generations  of  students. 

Dr.  Cook  caught,  in  large  measure,  the  inspirational  power  of  Dr. 
Edwards.  In  this  fact  lies  much  of  the  secret  of  his  power  as  an  orator. 
There  is  always  in  his  addresses  at  commencement  time  and  before  large 
gatherings  of  teachers  an  emotional  coloring, — a  something  that  eludes 
definition  and  analysis  but  that  lifts.  This  lift  is  the  inspirational  element. 
It  grows  out  of  idealizing  things,  out  of  getting  above  and  beyond  the 
plane  of  fact.  And  this  is  but  part  of  his  strong  religious  feeling.  When 
one  considers  that  when  Dr.  Cook  was  a  young  man  the  controversy  be- 
tween orthodoxy  and  the  views  of  Unitarians  and  Universalists  waxed 
hot,  it  is  clear  on  which  side  he  would  stand.  "The  Eternal  Goodness" 
was  not  revered  by  Thomas  Metcalf  alone. 

And  philosophy  became  a  necessity  to  Mr.  Cook.  His  own  efforts  to 
orient  himself  rendered  him  open  to  the  views  of  others.  The  most  sat- 
isfying view  he  ever  found  was  that  idealistic  and  optimistic  view  of  self- 
activity  formulated  by  Kant,  Hegel,  and  Fichte,  and  expounded  by  Dr. 
William  T.  Harris,  William  A.  Jones,  George  P.  Brown,  and  Arnold 
Tompkins.  While  he  has  always  maintained  a  critical  attitude  toward 
philosophy,  his  sympathies  are  with  the  Hegelians. 


120  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

But  Dr.  Cook  never  became  a  dreamer.  The  practical  things  concerned 
him.  If  there  was  a  question  as  to  whether  children  in  a  certain  grade 
were  ready  to  do  certain  work  in  arithmetic,  Dr.  Cook  was  ready  to  try 
to  teach  them.  He  had  what  he  has  called,  "the  genius  of  accomplish- 
ment." He  had  keen  intelligence  about  what  ought  to  be  done  and  an 
extraordinary  capacity  for  hard  work.  He  was  always  at  something,  rarely 
taking  more  than  a  week  of  vacation  in  the  summer.  He  it  was  who 
traced  the  records  of  former  students  to  silence  the  lie  that  "the  Normal 
students  do  not  teach," — a  lie  that  threatened  to  cripple  the  appropriations. 
He  it  was  who  championed  the  cause  of  the  first  colored  child  in  the 
Model  School.  Somehow  or  other  he  got  things  done  and  then  went  on 
to  other  things. 

And  with  all  his  doing  he  kept  on  growing.  He  taught  geography  and 
history  one  year  and  was  then  ready  for  the  reading.  While  teaching  read- 
ing he  got  ready  for  the  mathematics  and  physics.  While  teaching  these 
subjects  he  got  ready  for  psychology,  pedagogy,  and  the  executive  details 
of  the  president's  duties.  He  was  always  ready  and  always  growing:  Dr. 
Cook  has  an  openness  of  mind  that  is  rarely  found  among  good  executives. 
Frank  McMurry  said  recently,  "I  do  not  know  anyone  who  has  kept  as 
constantly  at  this  matter  of  growing  as  has  Dr.  Cook."  He  appreciated 
the  fact  that  society,  in  a  very  significant  sense,  leads  in  human  develop- 
ment and  that  the  schools  follow.  He  therefore  sought  to  keep  in  touch 
with  the  things  that  were  doing  in  the  world. 

The  wonder  has  always  been  as  to  how  he  has  been  able  to  keep  it  up. 
One  favorable  thing  has  been  the  influences  of  Dr.  Cook's  home.  His  wife 
and  children  have  been  refreshment  to  him,  and  in  most  recent  years  his 
granddaughter,  Beatrice,  has  been  a  constant  source  of  joy.  Another  sus- 
taining element  has  been  his  sense  of  humor, — the  best  sort  of  relaxation 
for  an  overwrought  brain. 

In  his  classes  in  mathematics  Dr.  Cook  often  tried  to  bring  his  pupils 
up  against  something  that  they  were  unable  to  dp,  not  primarily  to  keep 
them  humble,  but  to  keep  them  growing.  There  is  a  peculiar  definiteness 
about  mathematics  that  is  often  not  appreciated  by  the  student.  A  teacher's 
efforts  to  lead  a  pupil  to  see  the  absurdity  of  his  argument  often  pass  for 
sarcasm  and  sometimes  are  just  what  they  pass  for.  Those  who  took  math- 
ematics under  Dr.  Cook  in  the  eighties  will  appreciate  the  following  story. 
An  elderly  student  was  badly  tangled  up  in  his  efforts  to  solve  a  problem. 
Dr.  Cook  finally  stopped  him  and  said,  "Now,  see  here.  Does  the  horse 
make  the  cart  go,  or  does  the  cart  make  the  horse  go?"  The  elderly 
student  thought  a  little  while  and  then  asked,  "Going  up  hill  or  down?" 

In  his  classes  in  psychology  and  the  philosophy  of  education,  Dr. 
Cook  is  a  great  teacher.  His  breadth  of  human  interest,  his  philosophic 
insight,  and  his  practical  efficiency  combine  to  make  him  unusually  suc- 
cessful in  teaching  these  subjects. 

You  will  find  in  the  Alumni  Register  a  catalog-like  like  account  of 
many  things  in  Dr.  Cook's  life.  A  few  things  you  will  not  find,  so  they 
are  set  down  here.  John  W.  Cook  was  born  April  20,  1844,  in  Oneida 
County,  N.  Y.  His  parents  came  to  Illinois  when  he  was  seven  years  old 
and  settled  nine  miles  northeast  of  Normal.  In  1853  the  family  moved 
to  Kappa.  Young  Cook  farmed  for  himself  a  little,  but,  as  he  says,  he 
worked  so  hard  that  he  broke  down.  He  entered  the  Normal  in  Septem- 
ber, 1862. 

This  imperfect  sketch  has  been  written  as  a  recognition  of  Dr.  Cook's 
worth  as  a  man  and  teacher.  Its  imperfections  will  appeal  to  all  those 
who  have  known  him  in  either  capacity.  From  1862  to  1899,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  one  year,  Dr.  Cook  has  known  practically  all  of  the  students  and 
teachers  of  the  school.  His  influence  cannot  be  measured, — not  even  by 
the  love  of  those  who  have  been  touched  by  his  versatile  personality.  And 
to  form  an  adequate  idea  of  his  influence  on  the  I.S.N.U.  one  ought  to 
read  every  reference  to  him  in  this  book. 


JOHN  WILLISTON  COOK 
President,  1890-1899. 


CHAPTER  VIII 
THE  SUMMER  SCHOOL 

BY  PROFESSOR  GEORGE  H.  HOWE 


The  first  summer  school  in  the  State  Normal  University 
was  held  in  September,  1863.  It  lasted  four  weeks  and  there 
were  fifteen  teachers  in  attendance.  It  was  called  a  State 
Teachers'  Institute  and  in  the  circular  announcement  the  chief 
purpose  was  stated  to  be  a  "Thoro  drill  in  the  philosophy  and 
methods  of  teaching  the  common  branches  of  study."  Inci- 
dentally there  were  practical  discussions  of  the  various  duties 
of  teachers  and  their  rights  under  the  law.  All  the  other  seven 
institutes  in  the  series  were  held  in  the  month  of  August,  for 
four,  three,  or  two  weeks.  No  sessions  were  held  in  '65  or 
'66.  The  average  attendance  of  the  series,  not  counting  the 
first,  was  240.  At  the  last  one,  held  in  1872,  there  were  300 
teachers  present  and  it  was  pronounced  the  most  interesting 
of  all.  The  great  success  of  these  institutes  was  attributed  to 
the  ability,  energy,  and  enthusiasm  of  Pres.  Richard  Edwards 
and  his  faculty. 

In  1872  four  new  sciences,  physiology,  chemistry,  zoology, 
and  botany  were  introduced  into  the  common  school  course 
and  all  candidates  for  certificates  were  required  to  be  examined 
in  the  same.  This  afforded  a  powerful  stimulus  to  the  study 
of  natural  history.  As  a  result  those  interested  formed  an  as- 
sociation whose  object  was  to  encourage,  promote,  and  assist 
in  practical  ways,  the  rational  study  of  nature.  Under  the 
auspices  of  this  association  a  summer  school  of  natural  history 
was  held  in  the  University  in  August,  1875.  Both  elementary 
and  advanced  courses  in  botany  and  zoology  were  given  by 
instructors  of  more  than  local  reputation.  The  attendance 
was  limited  to  fifty  students  and  a  great  amount  of  work  was 
accomplished.  Arrangements  for  a  second  session  were  made 
but  the  expense,  $20  per  pupil,  and  the  period  of  general  de- 


122  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

pression,  together  with  the  Centennnial  Exposition  at  Phila- 
delphia, were  responsible  for  an  insufficient  number  of  appli- 
cations and  the  enterprise  was  reluctantly  given  up.  In  1878, 
three  years  afterward,  the  second  natural  history  school  was 
held.  Thirty  students  were  in  attendance  and  most  of  the 
teaching  was  done  gratuitously. 

In  1879  President  Hewett  proposed  to  the  State  Board  of 
Education  that  the  school  year  should  consist  of  three  terms  of 
twelve  weeks  each  and  a  special  term  for  actual  teachers.  The 
latter  term  was  to  be  in  the  month  of  August  and  for  four 
weeks.  All  the  regular  teachers  of  the  University  were  to  take 
part  and  without  additional  compensation.  This  plan  was 
adopted  and  the  first  special  term  was  held  in  August,  1880. 
Four  such  terms  were  held  in  consecutive  years.  The  average 
attendance  was  235  and  the  average  number  of  counties  repre- 
sented was  58.  At  that  date,  1883,  the  General  Assembly  put 
the  teachers'  institutes  on  a  different  footing  and  in  deference  to 
the  wishes  of  the  county  superintendents  the  State  Board  of 
Education  changed  the  school  calendar  so  as  to  leave  the  mem- 
bers of  the  faculty  free  to  engage  in  institute  work  during  the 
summer  months.  Thus  for  a  few  years  the  teachers  were  put 
under  the  direction  of  the  State  Superintendent  of  Education 
for  one  week's  work  in  institutes  without  compensation,  save 
expenses.  At  various  times  in  the  next  ten  years  private 
classes  were  conducted  in  the  University  during  the  vacation 
period.  No  records  of  these  private  classes  remain. 

There  were  many  requests  for  the  re-establishment  of  the 
institutes.  Finally  in  1894  the  faculty  resolved  to  offer  to  the 
teachers  of  the  state  a  three  week's  institute  in  the  month  of 
May.  The  large  hall  on  the  third  floor  was  utilized  for  the 
purpose.  No  charge  whatever  was  made  for  instruction  and 
the  following  lines  of  work  were  offered : 

1.  Obseravtion  of  the  regular  work  of  the  University  and 
participation  in  the  same. 

2.  Observation  of  the  work  in  the  several  grades  of  the 
training  school. 

3.  A  course  of  lectures  by  members  of  the  faculty. 

4.  Round-table  conferences. 

The  institute  effected  an  organization  of  its  own  and  in 
the  resolutions  adopted  at  the  close  asked  that  the  annual  in- 
stitute be  made  permanent.  There  were  161  teachers  present 
and  42  counties  were  represented.  This  plan  was  followed  in 
1895  and  again  in  1896.  Then  President  Cook  reported  to  the 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY. 


123 


State  Board  of  Education  that  the  plan  was  not  satisfactory  be- 
cause the  people  who  wished  to  come  to  the  institutes  had  not 
finished  their  schools.  The  faculty  then  arranged  to  conduct  a 
summer  term  of  three  weeks'  duration  in  July.  The  tuition 
for  this  term  was  ten  dollars,  and  there  were  125  present.  It 
was  given  up,  however,  after  one  trial  in  1897,  because  most  of 
the  faculty  felt  that  more  good  could  be  accomplished  by  go- 
ing out  to  the  county  institutes. 

In  January,  1897,  President  Felmley,  then  professor  of 
mathematics  in  the  University,  read  a  paper  before  the  Faculty 
Club  on  "How  can  the  Normal  School  be  made  more  helpful 
to  the  schools  of  the  state?"  As  one  of  the  theses  of  the  paper 
he  maintained  that  the  University  should  have  a  school  year 
of  forty-eight  weeks,  three  terms  of  twelve  weeks  each,  and 
two  terms  in  the  summer  of  six  weeks  each.  Then  the  course 
of  study  should  be  reorganized  to  meet  this  arrangement  so 
that  credits  made  in  the  summer  terms  could  be  counted  on  the 
regular  courses  for  graduation.  The  result  of  the  discussion 
of  this  paper  was  a  resolution  recommending  to  the  State 
Board  of  Education  that  as  soon  as  the  necessary  appropria- 
tion could  be  secured  the  school  should  hold  four  sessions,  of 
twelve  weeks  each,  a  year;  and  second,  until  such  appropria- 
tion could  be  secured,  the  school  should  have  three  terms  of 
twelve  weeks  each,  and  one  summer  term  of  six  weeks.  The 
tuition  fee  for  the  summer  term  was  to  be  $6.  This  recom- 
mendation was  approved  by  the  board  in  December,  1899,  and 
arrangements  were  made  for  the  first  summer  term  in  1900. 
Toward  the  close  of  the  summer  term  in  1901  over  100  stu- 
dents, by  rising  vote,  expressed  a  desire  for  a  second  six  weeks' 
term.  In  accordance  with  this  desire  plans  were  made  for  the 
two  summer  terms  in  1902.  The  tuition  fee  remained  at  $6 
per  term  until  1903,  when  the  43d  General  Assembly  granted 
an  additional  appropriation  of  $5000  for  the  summer  school. 
Then  the  fee  was  reduced  to  $i  per  term.  Appropriations 
since  that  time  have  been  sufficient  to  maintain  the  school  with 
only  this  small  incidental  fee.  The  following  record  shows 
the  growth  of  the  summer  school  under  the  plan  here  outlined  : 


Year 

Number  Students 
First  Term 

Number  Students 
Second  Term 

Total  Number 
Enrolled 

Number  Counties 
Represented 

1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 

446 

453 
544 
572 
497 
832 
P08 

133 

144 
169 

192 
214 

446 
453 
601 
629 
576 
916 
1000 

63 
65 
75 
63 
62 
70 
68 

CHAPTER  IX 

RELATION    TO    OTHER   NORMAL 
SCHOOLS 

BY  PROFESSOR  MANFRED  J.  HOLMES 


THE  NORMAL-CARBONDALE  CONTESTS 

The  inter-normal  contest  relations  between  the  Illinois 
State  Normal  University  and  the  Southern  Illinois  Normal 
University  were  of  short  duration.  Only  two  contests  were 
held,  the  first  at  Carbondale  March  13,  1879,  and  the  second 
March  n,  1880.  Arrangements  for  a  third  contest  failed, 
and  the  relations  have  never  been  renewed.* 

THE  INTER-STATE  LEAGUE  OF  STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOLS 
ORIGIN  OF  THE  LEAGUE 

By  action  of  the  Collegiate  Inter-State  Oratorical  Associa- 
tion, representatives  of  normal  schools  were  debarred  from 
the  contests  of  that  association.  As  the  Kansas  State  Normal 
School  at  Emporia  did  not  relish  being  dropped  in  such  a  sum- 
mary manner,  it  sent  out  calls  in  the  spring  of  1895  to  a  num- 
ber of  normal  schools  in  the  central  west  suggesting  the  ap- 
pointment of  committees  to  cooperate  in  the  formation  of  an 
"Inter-State  League  of  State  Normal  Schools."  Such  a  com- 
mittee was  promptly  appointed  but  nothing  definite  was  ac- 
complished that  spring. 

On  October  7,  1895,  President  Cook  received  notice  that 
a  meeting  of  student  delegates  from  several  State  normal 
schools  of  the  central  Mississippi  valley  would  be  held  in  the 
parlors  of  the  Pacific  hotel,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  on  Friday,  Oc- 

*For  details  see  Cook  and  McHug-h's  History  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University, 
pagres  148-155. 


H 

a 

H 

w 


0 


ILLINOIS  STAT3  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY. 


125 


tober  ii.  The  matter  was  presented  at  general  exercises  and 
Mr.  Frank  S.  Bogardus  was  elected  delegate  to  represent  the 
I.S.N.U.  in  the  St.  Joseph  convention. 

To  this  convention  the  state  normal  schools  of  Missouri, 
Kansas,  Iowa,  and  Illinois  sent  representatives.  Altho  Wis- 
consin was  not  represented,  President  Albee  pledged  the 
hearty  cooperation  of  the  Wisconsin  State  Normal  at  Oshkosh. 

Following  the  formation  and  adoption  of  a  constitution, 
the  most  important  work  done  by  this  convention  was  to  elect 
officers  and  decide  upon  a  place  for  the  first  contest.  The  first 
officers  chosen  were  Charles  F.  Johnson,  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa, 
president;  H.  E.  Osborn,  Warrensburg,  Mo.,  vice-president; 
Frank  S.  Bogardus,  Normal,  111.,  secretary-treasurer. 

After  thoroly  canvassing  the  situation,  Warrensburg,  Mo., 
was  selected  as  the  first  meeting  place  of  the  League.  The 
somewhat  central  location  of  Warrensburg,  and  the  cash  offer 
that  place  made  to  the  organization  seem  to  have  been  the  fac- 
tors that  determined  the  selection.  The  following  schedule 
shows  the  distribution  of  officers  and  places  for  holding  the 
contest  for  the  first  five  years.  This  schedule  naturally  became 
the  permanent  basis  for  distribution  of  responsibilities  and 
honors  among  the  members  of  the  league. 


Contest 

Presidency 

Vice- 
Presidency 

Sec'y-Treas'r 

No  Office 

Year 

Missouri 
Kansas 
Illinois 
Iowa 
Wisconsin 

Iowa 
Wisconsin 
Missouri 
Kansas 
Illinois 

Missouri 
Kansas 
Illinois 
Iowa 
Wisconsin 

Illinois 
Iowa 
Wisconsin 
Missouri 
Kansas 

Kan.  and  Wis. 
111.  and  Mo. 
Kan.  and  la. 
111.  and  Wis. 
la.  and  Mo. 

18% 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 

When  this  League  was  founded  there  was  no  great  cer- 
tainty as  to  what  its  future  might  be,  but  it  started  with  en- 
thusiasm and  hope  and  has  continued  with  undiminished  vigor. 
There  was  no  constitutional  provision  for  athletics;  but  this 
pleasant  feature  has  been  prominent  in  the  meetings  of  the 
League.  The  thought  of  a  prominent  founder  of  the  League 
is  definitely  expressed  in  the  following  words :  "Why  could 
not  the  normal  schools  on  the  same  day  as  that  on  which  the 
oratorical  contest  occurs  hold  an  inter-state  field  day,  consisting 
of  track  and  field  events  ?  I  see  no  reason  why  it  is  impossible 
or  unwise,  and  who  can  estimate  the  beneficial  effect  such  a 
contest  would  have  on  local  normal  school  athletics,  which  are 
usually  most  deplorably  neglected?"  The  generous  attitude 
of  the  League  toward  athletic  contests  has  done  much  toward 
stimulating  interest  in  athletic  sports  in  the  different  schools 
that  are  influenced  by  it. 


126  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

PURPOSES  AND  VALUES  OF  THE  LEAGUE 

The  primary  and  dominant  purpose  of  the  League  "shall  be 

to  hold  contests  in  oratory  and  any  other  school  contests 

as  shall  be  determined  by  the  League  at  its  annual  convention." 
But  the  significance  and  value  of  this  organization  is  of  far 
greater  scope  than  is  indicated  in  the  constitution.  The  or- 
ganization seems  to  be  a  characteristic  product  of  the  times  in 
two  chief  respects :  First,  it  is  part  of  a  very  general  move- 
ment for  the  promotion  of  the  art  of  public  speaking;  second, 
it  is  one  aspect  of  an  almost  universal  present  tendency, 
namely,  the  unification  and  cooperation  of  social  agencies  for 
the  advancement  of  common  interests  or  for  greater  effective- 
ness in  service. 

There  are  two  distinct  evidences  that  the  League  was  the 
outcome  of  forces  already  at  work.  The  more  immediate  of 
these  was  the  action  of  the  Collegiate  Inter-State  Oratorical 
Association  debarring  normal  schools  from  membership  in 
that  association.  The  Kansas  state  normal  had  enjoyed  the 
privileges  and  reapt  the  benefits  of  the  Collegiate  Association, 
and  finding  itself  thus  marooned  promptly  took  the  initiative 
in  organizing  an  inter-state  Oratorical  league  of  state  normal 
schools. 

The  second  evidence  is  found  in  the  fact  that  in  some  if 
not  all  the  normal  schools  that  joined  the  league  the  art  of 
public  speaking  (oratory,  in  the  modern  sense  of  that  term) 
had  received  serious  and  enthusiastic  recognition  as  an  im- 
portant aspect  of  education.  At  the  I.S.N.U.  as  early  as  the 
spring  of  1888  interest  in  public  speaking  resulted  in  arrang- 
ing for  an  oratorical  contest  to  be  held  during  commencement 
week.  Other  normals  that  entered  the  League  had  been  pre- 
pared for  such  action  by  local  interest  and  work  of  various 
kinds  for  advancing  the  standards  of  public  speaking. 

As  the  primary  and  conscious  purpose  of  the  League  was 
to  stimulate  and  cultivate  oratory  in  normal  schools,  it  was  to 
be  expected  that  the  chief  values  resulting  from  such  an  associa- 
tion would  be  along  these  lines;  and  while  the  intended  re- 
sults have  been  well  worth  all  the  effort  and  cost,  yet  the  in- 
direct results  have  been  of  much  greater  value  than  the  direct 
ones.  These  greater  values  have  resulted  from  the  friendly 
relations  established  between  the  schools,  the  thought-quicken- 
ing and  reciprocally  corrective  effect  of  exchange  of  ideas, 
personal  acquaintance,  and  other  influences  that  make  for 
sympathy,  appreciation,  and  cooperation  in  educational  and  so- 
cial work. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  127 

But  history  seems  more  real  when  the  actors  themselves 
do  the  talking.  A  student  from  Oshkosh  wrote  in  1897,  after 
the  second  contest :  "We  received  a  stimulus  whose  effects  are 
still  noticeable  in  the  increased  enthusiasm  that  the  opening  of 
the  new  year  shows  in  the  art  of  public  speaking." 

The  Vidette  for  March,  1897,  says:  "If  our  League  did 
nothing  else  than  to  bring  us  into  contact  with  each  other  and 
cement  the  ties  of  friendship  formed,  its  existence  would  be 
amply  justified."  It  is  gratifying  to  see  that  the  incentives  to 
win  prize  and  victory  were  properly  subordinated.  The  Vi- 
dette for  April,  1897,  commenting  on  the  prospective  contest, 
has  the  following :  "What  are  these  persons  going  to  the  con- 
test for? Is  it  just  to  see  someone  win  the  prize  and  hear 

the  deafening  shouts  of  victory  ? There  is  more  to  be 

seen  than  the  winning  of  this  contest There  is  the  living 

example  of  the  art  of  speaking,  so  essential  to  the  teacher.  It 
is  for  you,  delegates,  to  witness  this,  and  on  your  return  you 
should  foster  it  among  your  fellow  teachers."  We  shall  let  the 
Vidette  speak  once  more :  "The  writer  heard  one  of  our  stu- 
dents say  that  he  would  not  exchange  for  any  money  consid- 
eration the  value  he  got  from  his  work  as  an  active  member 
and  participant  in  the  work  of  the  Oratorical  Association." 

THE  METHODS  OF  CHOOSING  THE  ORATORS 

The  method  of  choosing  the  orator  to  represent  a  State 
in  the  inter-state  contest  has  varied  in  the  different  schools  and 
probably  within  the  same  school.  The  following  ways  have 
been  in  vogue  and  may  be  still  at  some  of  the  schools : 

At  the  Kansas  State  Normal :  "Some  time  during  the 
month  of  September  thirteen  orators,  chosen  by  the  associa- 
tion and  the  faculty  enter  a  preliminary  contest  before  the  fac- 
ulty. From  this  number  the  faculty  choose  four  who  enter 
our  home  contest,  which  is  held  the  last  Saturday  before 
Christmas.  The  winner  in  this  contest  will  represent  us  in  the 
inter-state  contest  next  May." — Vidette. 

At  the  Iowa  State  Normal :  "Each  literary  society,  of 
which  there  are  eight,  is  entitled  to  three  representatives.  The 
orations  of  these  representatives  are  sent  to  five  judges  on 
thought  and  composition  by  the  president  seven  weeks  before 
the  contest.  The  eight  contestants  marked  highest  will  then 
have  about  five  weeks  in  delivery.  The  Alumni  Association 
awards  a  gold  medal  to  the  winner  of  the  first  place,  and  the 
Oratorical  Association  intends  to  grant  second  and  third 
prizes." 


128  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

At  Oshkosh:  "There  are  two  literary  societies  in  the 
school,  the  Lyceum,  and  the  Phoenix.  There  is  also  a  consid- 
erable number  of  students  who  are  not  enrolled  in  either  so- 
ciety. To  accommodate  these  a  preliminary  contest  is  held, 
which,  with  those  of  the  two  societies,  makes  three  prelimi- 
nary contests.  The  best  two  from  each  of  these  meet  to 
measure  strength — to  determine  which  one  will  represent  the 
school  in  the  State  inter-normal  contest.  The  winner  in  the 
State  contest  becomes  Wisconsin's  representative  in  the  Inter- 
State  League."  The  writer  does  not  know  the  practice  at  the 
other  Wisconsin  normals. 

There  are  five  literary  societies  at  the  Warrensburg  State 
Normal  (Mo.).  Each  of  these  selects  an  orator  to  compete  in 
the  local  contest. 

At  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University  the  local  Oratori- 
cal Association  antedated  the  Inter-State  League  by  several 
years,  and  at  once  assumed  responsibility  for  the  new  and 
larger  field  of  oratorical  interest.  Here  a  preliminary  contest 
was  held  to  reduce  the  competitors  for  the  local  contest  to  six 
(later  to  five.)  The  winner  in  the  local  contest  for  the  Beach 
prize  (later  the  Edward's  medal)  became  Illinois'  representa- 
tive in  the  inter-state  contest.  This  was  necessarily  so  at  first 
because  the  only  other  state  normal  in  Illinois,  that  at  Carbon- 
dale,  did  not  enter  the  Inter-State  League.  Later  when  the 
Inter-Normal  Oratorical  League  of  Illinois  was  formed,  the 
winner  in  the  local  contest  became  thereby  the  representative  of 
this  school  in  the  Inter-Normal  League,  and  the  winner  in  the 
contest  held  by  this  league  became  Illinois'  representative  in 
the  Inter-State  League.  This  additional  training  and  stimulus 
has  no  doubt  improved  the  chances  for  higher  rank  in  the 
inter-state  contests. 

METHODS  OF  CHOOSING  JUDGES  OE  ORATORY 
ARTICLE  V. 

Section  I.  Each  State  shall  submit  to  the  executive  com- 
mittee twelve  weeks  before  the  date  of  the  inter-state  contest, 
the  names  of  eight  judges,  five  of  whom  shall  be  from  States 
adjoining  the  League.  These  forty  names  shall  be  immedi- 
ately submitted  to  the  various  State  associations  for  their  ap- 
proval or  protest.  All  approvals  and  protests  shall  be  returned 
to  the  secretary  of  the  Inter-State  Association  within  fifteen 
(15)  days — the  reasons  for  protest  must  be  filed :  Provided, 
that  no  State  shall  be  allowed  more  than  two  protests,  only 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  129 

one  of  which  can  be  made  against  those  selected  from  the 
States  of  the  League. 

Sec.  2.  The  executive  committee  shall  select  three  of  such 
persons  from  the  names  submitted  outside  of  the  League  to 
act  as  judges  in  Section  B.  It  shall  also  select  three  persons 
from  the  other  names  submitted,  to  act  as  judges  in  Section 
A.  Each  State  shall  be  notified  of  the  judges  appointed  at 
least  eight  weeks  prior  to  the  contest.  If  any  judge  selected 
by  the  executive  committee  refuses  to  serve,  the  executive 
committee  shall  select  a  judge  from  the  remaining  names  rati- 
fied, to  serve  in  his  stead. 

Sec.  3.  The  judges  shall  in  no  way  be  connected  with  the 
institutions  represented  in  the  contest,  nor  shall  any  three 
judges  be  selected  from  the  same  State,  nor  shall  any  judge 
be  selected  from  the  county  in  which  the  contest  is  held. 

INCENTIVES  AND  ENCOURAGEMENT 

In  addition  to  the  truly  educational  motive  that  attaches 
to  improvement  in  public  speaking  for  its  own  sake,  various 
forms  of  artificial  incentive  have  been  used  to  stimulate  the 
work.  The  local  oratorical  associations  hold  out  inviting  hor 
ors,  rewards  and  appropriate  evidences  of  success.  The  Inter- 
State  League  has  the  following  constitutional  provision :  "As 
testimonials  of  success  in  the  contests  of  this  League,  there 
shall  be  awarded  as  first  honor,  fifty  dollars  ($50)  and  as  sec- 
ond honor,  thirty  dollars  ($30).  In  addition  to  this  there 
shall  be  awarded  two  medals  which  shall  be  given  respectively 
as  testimonials  of  success  to  the  persons  winning  first  and  sec- 
ond honors  in  the  contest  of  oratory :  Provided,  however,  that 
the  medals  shall  not  exceed  twenty-five  dollars  ($25)  in  cost, 
in  which  fifteen  dollars  ($15)  shall  be  expended  in  the  pur- 
chase of  first  honor  medal,  and  the  balance  shall  be  expended 
for  second  medal.  That  these  medals  may  best  serve  the  pur- 
pose of  this  League,  it  is  hereby  provided  that  all  future  medals 
be  made  after  the  design  of  those  awarded  in  1897." 

THE  CONTESTS 

1896. — "The  first  contest  of  the  Inter-State  League  of 
Normal  Schools  was  an  auspicious  success,"  says  the  Normal 
Byte,  the  official  paper  chosen  to  write  up  that  meeting.  It 
was  held  at  Warrensburg,  Mo.,  on  Friday,  May  8,  1896. 
Robert  J.  Wells  was  the  I.S.N.U.  orator,  and  spoke  on  "The 
New  South."  He  was  accorded  third  place. 


130  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1897. — In  the  second  contest  the  Kansas  State  Normal 
was  the  host  and  received  her  guests  at  Emporia  May  7,  1897. 
This  was  a  great,  rousing  meeting;  in  fact,  seemed  almost 
bursting  with  the  enthusiasm  of  a  new  movement  from  which 
great  things  were  expected.  Our  orator  was  Chester  M.  Ech- 
ols  who  spoke  on  "The  Destiny  of  Religion."  He  also  won 
third  place  for  Illinois. 

1898. — Hyatt  E.  Covey  represented  Illinois  in  the  third 
contest,  May  6,  1898,  at  Normal.  His  subject  was  "Alexander 
Hamilton,"  and  like  the  orators  of  the  entertaining  school  in 
each  of  the  preceding  contests,  took  fifth  place. 

1899.— 'The  Man  of  the  Century"  (Gladstone)  was  the 
subject  of  J.  Carl  Stine's  oration  for  Illinois.  He  was  given 
fourth  place.  This  was  a  somewhat  notable  meeting  for  the 
I.S.N.U.  One  hundred  eleven  students  and  five  members  of 
the  faculty  went  to  Cedar  Falls.  Special  cars  were  engaged; 
enthusiasm  seemed  almost  out  of  proportion  to  the  meaning  of 
the  occasion,  unless  we  count  the  oratorical  contest  merely  an 
important  incident  in  the  larger  meaning  of  these  annual 
gatherings  of  representatives  of  State  normals. 

1900. — The  fifth  contest  was  held  at  Oshkosh  May  4,  1900. 
Our  orator,  Charles  W.  Whitten,  won  second  place  for  Illi- 
nois with  the  subject,  "The  Negro  Problem." 

1901. — On  May  10,  1901,  the  second  round  of  meetings  of 
the  League  began  at  Warrensburg.  Roy  O.  Barton,  speaking 
for  Illinois  on  the  subject,  "The  Spirit  of  Progress,"  earned 
third  place. 

1902. — At  the  seventh  meeting  of  the  League,  William  R. 
Mofet,  of  the  DeKalb  Normal,  easily  won  first  place  for  Illi- 
nois at  Emporia  May  8,  1902.  Mr.  Mofet's  subject  was, 
"Peter  Abelard." 

1903. — In  the  eighth  contest  the  DeKalb  Normal  School 
again  furnished  the  representative  for  Illinois.  Miss  Char- 
lotte Paulsen,  having  for  her  subject,  "William  Tell,"  was 
given  fourth  place.  This  contest  was  held  May  15,  1903,  at 
DeKalb,  111. 

1904. — The  ninth  contest  was  held  at  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa, 
in  May,  1904.  Miss  Ethel  Bryant,  of  DeKalb,  represented 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY. 


131 


Illinois  and  won  second  place  with  an  oration  on  "The  West- 
ern Pioneer." 

1905. — This  year  Illinois  was  represented  by  Miss  Parks, 
of  the  Macomb  Normal.  She  spoke  on  "The  American  Navy," 
receiving  fourth  place.  This  meeting  fell  on  May  12. 

1906. — Again  the  Macomb  Normal  furnished  the  orator,  a 
Mr.  Thompson,  for  Illinois  in  the  inter-state  contest.  He  was 
accorded  third  place  in  the  contest  which  was  held  at  Warrens- 
burg,  Mo. 

1907. — Somewhat  more  than  the  ordinary  interest  at- 
tached to  the  contest  this  year,  owing  to  the  fact  that  a  young 
Filipino,  Miguel  Nicdao,  of  Normal,  represented  Illinois  in  the 
Inter-State  Oratorical  League.  Mr.  Nicdao  is  completing  his 
third  year  of  study  at  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University. 
His  subject,  "The  First  Need  of  the  Filipinos,"  was  most  ap- 
propriate. He  was  awarded  third  place  by  the  judges. 

To  summarize  the  results  in  a  convenient  form,  the  fol- 
lowing table  is  introduced : 


Date 

Place 

Illinois'  Orators 

1st.  Place 

2nd.    Place 

3rd.  Place 

4th.  Place 

May    8,  '% 

Warrensburg- 

R.  J.  Wells 

Wisconsin 

Kansas 

Illinois 

Iowa 

May    7,  '97 

Emporia 

C.  M.  Echols 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Wisconsin 

May    6,  '98 

Normal 

H.  E.  Covey 

Kansas 

Wisconsin 

Missouri 

Iowa 

May    5,  '99 

Cedar  Falls 

J.  Carl  Stine 

Wisconsin 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Illinois 

May    4,  '00 

Oshkosh 

C.  W.  Whitten 

Wisconsin 

Illinois 

Missouri 

Iowa 

May  10,  '01 

Warrensburg 

R.  O.  Barton 

Wisconsin 

Kansas 

Illinois 

Missouri 

May    8,  '02 

Emporia 

W.  R.  Mofet 

Illinois 

Kansas 

Wisconsin 

Iowa 

May  15,  '03 

DeKalb 

Charlotte  Paulsen 

Kansas 

Missouri 

Wisconsin 

Illinois 

May        '04 

Cedar  Falls 

Ethel  Bryant 

Kansas 

Illinois 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

May  12,  '05 

Milwaukee 

Dollie  M.  Parks 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Missouri 

Illinois 

May        '06 

Warrensburg- 

Roy  Thompson 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Kansas 

May    3,  '07 

Emporia 

Mig-uel  Nicdao 

Missouri 

Kansas 

Illinois 

Iowa 

THE  INTER-STATE  DEBATE 


During  the  fall  term  of  1898  the  State  Normal  School  at 
Oshkosh,  Wisconsin,  sent  the  I.S.N.U.  a  friendly  challenge  to 
debate.  This  challenge  was  promptly  accepted,  primarily  for 
the  sake  of  what  the  debate  itself  would  be  worth,  but  also 
for  the  opportunity  of  establishing  closer  and  more  friendly 
relations  with  our  sister  normal.  The  essential  facts  of  inter- 
est may  be  got  from  the  following  brief  summary : 

The  first  debate  was  held  at  Oshkosh  May  19,  1899.  Ques- 
tion, "Resolved,  That  the  time  has  come  for  the  United  States 
to  abandon  the  policy  of  protection."  The  negative  was 


132  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

chosen  by  the  Illinois  State  Normal  and  ably  maintained  by 
George  M.  Palmer,  John  T.  Wilson,  and  Albert  E.  White,  all 
seniors.  They  won  the  debate  by  a  decisive  victory.  The  ef- 
fect of  this  debate  and  its  resulting  victory  upon  our  school 
was  immediately  noticeable.  It  gave  debating  in  this  school 
added  attractiveness,  impetus,  and  importance.  The  Vidette 
for  June,  '99,  shows  the  thought  and  feeling  of  the  school  in 
these  words :  "The  victory  was  a  glorious  one  for  this  school, 
as  this  is  the  first  time  that  Oshkosh  has  ever  been  turned 

down  in  debate It  is  the  hope  of  both  schools  that  these 

debates  may  be  continued,  for  much  good  will  come  from  the 
healthy  rivalry  between  two  such  schools." 

The  second  debate  was  held  at  Normal  May  26,  1900. 
The  question,  "Resolved,  That  our  policy  in  the  Philippines 
has  been  and  is  just  and  wise,"  was  proposed  by  Normal.  Wis- 
consin took  the  negative.  Normal's  debaters  were  Roy  F. 
Barton,  Luella  M.  Dilley,  and  Charles  W.  Whitten.  Wiscon- 
sin's team  was  a  strong  one,  but  Normal  won.  This  question 
had  already  been  the  subject  for  debate  in  several  of  the  great 
inter-collegiate  debates,  and  almost  without  exception  the  side 
defending  the  Philippine  policy  had  lost.  The  Pantagraph  in 
its  report  of  the  debate  said :  "It  proved  the  chance  of  the 
Normal  University  to  array  herself  on  the  side  of  the  dis- 
tinguished minority  of  educational  institutions  that  have  intel- 
ligently discerned  and  cogently  set  forth  in  fact  and  logic  the 
sufficient  grounds  for  our  policy  in  the  Philippines." 

The  third  of  these  inter-state  debates  was  held  at  Oshkosh 
May  17,  1901.  "Resolved,  That  municipalities  should  own 
and  control  public  utilities."  The  affirmative  was  maintained 
by  the  Normal  debaters,  William  Hawkes,  Thomas  Barger, 
and  Miss  Frances  Fletcher.  Oshkosh  won  by  a  unanimous  de- 
cision of  the  judges. 

On  May  16,  1902,  the  inter-state  debaters  clashed  again. 
This  time  the  question  was,  "Resolved,  That  it  should  be  tem- 
porarily the  policy  of  the  United  States  to  subsidize  ships  of 
American  registry  for  the  purpose  of  building  up  its  deep-sea 
merchant  marine."  Miss  Bertha  Denning,  Walter  R.  Jones, 
and  Miss  Frances  Fletcher  had  the  affirmative  and  won.  It 
was  during  this  meeting  at  Normal  that  arrangements  were 
made  for  an  indefinite  series  of  debates  between  the  two 
schools. 

The  fifth  debate  was  won  for  Normal  by  Harry  Perrin, 
Roy  Webster,  and  Carl  Waldron,  at  Oshkosh,  May  22,  1903. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  133 

The  question  was,  "Resolved,  That  the  large  corporations, 
commonly  called  trusts,  are  more  injurious  than  beneficial." 

Oskhosh  won  an  unquestioned  victory  in  the  sixth  debate, 
May  27,  1904,  at  Normal.  Question:  "Resolved,  That  our 
laws  should  provide  for  compulsory  arbitration  in  labor-capital 
troubles — first,  where  the  interests  of  the  public  are  especially 
at  stake;  second,  where  either  party  to  the  controversy  de- 
demands  arbitration."  Herbert  Coons,  Edith  Mossman,  and 
Fred  Telford  made  up  the  Normal  team  that  was  fairly  out- 
classed by  the  Oshkosh  team. 

By  request  of  Normal  the  Oshkosh  debate  was  suspended 
for  the  year  1905.  This  action  was  taken  by  the  Normal  fac- 
ulty with  the  hope  of  improving  the  standard  of  work  and 
chances  of  success  in  the  oratorical  contests. 

In  the  fall  of  1905  the  Oshkosh  debate  was  resumed  and 
on  May  18,  1906,  the  seventh  inter-state  debate  was  held  at 
Oshkosh.  The  question,  "Resolved,  That  inter-state  railway 
rates  in  the  United  States  should  be  made  and  enforced  by  a 
federal  commission,"  was  studied  long,  faithfully,  and  thoroly 
by  the  Normal  team,  Misses  Mary  Damman  and  Clara  Coith, 
and  Mr.  Fred  Telford.  It  was  one  of  the  best  teams  that  ever 
took  part  in  the  inter-state  debates,  and  tho  they  had  the  af- 
firmative of  the  question  were  able  to  win  a  unanimous  de- 
cision of  the  judges.  The  constructive  arguments  of  Miss 
Coith  and  Miss  Damman  seemed  invincible;  and  Mr.  Tel- 
ford's  rebuttal  aroused  extreme  admiration  and  enthusiasm  by 
its  utter  demolition  of  the  opponents'  strongholds.  The  old 
I.S.N.U.  accorded  the  returning  victors  the  most  enthusiastic 
and  elaborate  recognition  known  here  for  many  a  year. 

The  debate  for  1907  was  held  in  Normal,  May  17.  De- 
baters for  Normal  were  James  H.  Smith,  Otto  Reinhart,  and 
Miss  Minnie  Vautrin.  The  Wisconsin  representatives  were 
David  L.  Richard,  Howard  P.  Lewis,  and  Frank  M.  Karnes. 
Question:  "Resolved,  That  the  general  property  tax,  in  so 
far  as  it  is  a  state  tax,  should  be  superceded  by  some  form  or 
forms  of  taxation  other  than  a  general  tax  on  realty  or  on 
personalty." 

The  decision  was  for  the  affirmative  in  favor  of  Oshkosh. 

THE  INTER-NORMAL  ORATORICAL  LEAGUE  OE  ILLINOIS 

When  the  Inter-State  Oratorical  League  of  State  normal 
schools  was  formed  the  Carbondale  Normal  did  not  become  a 
member.  The  I.S.N.U.  being  the  only  member  of  the  Inter- 


134 


SEMI-CENTENNIAL,  HISTORY 


State  League  in  Illinois,  its  local  Oratorical  Association  con- 
stituted the  State  association  for  Illinois  for  several  years. 
Soon  after  the  new  State  normals  were  opened  at  Charleston 
and  DeKalb,  the  question  of  forming  an  inter-normal  league 
for  Illinois  was  raised;  but  no  definite  steps  were  taken  until 
October  31,  1901,  when  the  I.S.N.U.  Oratorical  Association 
appointed  a  committee  with  instructions  to  invite  the  other 
State  normals  to  unite  in  an  inter-normal  league.  The  Vi- 
dette  for  February,  1902,  noted  that  a  constitution  had  been 
drawn  up  and  that  the  DeKalb  school  had  become  a  member. 
The  constitution  provided  that  any  of  the  other  State  normals 
could  enter  whenever  they  were  ready  or  cared  to  do  so.  The 
normal  at  Macomb  became  a  member  in  due  time.  Thus,  up 
to  the  present  date,  these  three  State  normals  are  the  only 
members  of  the  Inter-Normal  League. 

This  Inter-Normal  Oratorical  Association  of  Illinois  is  in 
purpose  and  spirit  a  mutual  cooperative  enterprise  for  the  pro- 
motion of  higher  standards  of  public  speaking  among  normal- 
trained  teachers.  It  incidentally  determines  who  shall  repre- 
sent Illinois  in  the  Inter-State  League,  yields  the  values  that 
come  from  exchange  of  ideas,  cultivates  acquaintance  and 
friendly  relations,  and  thus  gives  a  valuable  preparation  for 
more  intelligent  and  effective  cooperation  in  carrying  on  the 
phase  of  public  service  that  distinctively  belongs  to  the  normal 
schools. 

Six  contests  in  oratory  have  thus  far  been  held.  The  fol- 
lowing tabular  view  shows  the  essential  facts  in  these  contests : 


Date 

Place 

Normal's 
Orator 

DeKalb's  Orator 

Macomb's 
Orator 

1st. 
Rank 

2nd. 
Rank 

Apr.  2,  '03 
Apr.  3,  '03 
Mar.  17,  '04 
Mar.  24,  '05 
Mar.  '06 
Mar.  22,  '07 

DeKalb 
Normal 
DeKalb 
Normal 
Macomb 
Normal 

Mary  Gay 
Bertha  Denning 
Bnrley  Johnston 
Herbert  Coons 
Emma  Kleinau 
Miguel  Nicdao 

W.  R.  Mofet 
Charlotte  Paulsen 
Ethel  F.  Bryant 
(Not  in) 
Perry  L.  Day 
(Not  in) 

(Not  in) 
(Not  In) 
Margaret  Black 
Dollie  M.  Parks 
Thompson 
Thompson 

DeKalb 
DeKalb 
DeKalb 
Macomb 
Macomb 
Normal 

Normal 
Normal 
Normal 
Normal 
Normal 
Macomb 

CHAPTER  X 


STUDENT  ORGANIZATIONS 


BY  PROFESSOR  O.  L.  MANCHESTER,  MRS.  ELIZABETH  MAV- 
ITY  CUNNINGHAM,  ASST.  PROFESSOR  IRENE  BLANCHARD, 
Miss  OLIVE  LILLIAN  BARTON,  CLASS  OF  1899 

THE  PHILADELPHIAN  AND  THE  WRIGHTONIAN  SOCIETIES 

Four  days  after  the -opening  of  Normal  University,  in  a 
small  room  on  the  second  floor  of  Major's  Hall,  by  the  light 
of  one  tallow  candle  that  inauspiciously  demurred  at  burning, 
the  six  male  members  of  the  school  met,  decided  to  form  a 
debating  society,  and  appointed  a  committee  to  draft  a  con- 
stitution. The  committee  reported  the  next  evening.  The 
constitution  then  adopted  proclaimed  that  the  Normal  Debat- 
ing Society  existed  for  the  purpose  of  "extending  social  rela- 
tions, elevating  moral  character,  and  intellectual  attainments ;" 
the  exercises  were  to  consist  of  "debates,  etc.,"  attendance 
was  compulsory,  and  whosoever  should  move  the  dissolution 
of  the  society  was  thereupon  to  be  expelled.  The  first  officers 
were :  C.  D.  Irons,  president ;  J.  L.  Spaulding,  vice-president ; 
H.  J.  Button,  secretary;  and  John  Hull,  treasurer.  Among 
the  fourteen  charter  members  were  the  following,  who  are 
now  alumni : 

Of  the  class  of  '60,  J.  G.  Howell,  John  Hull,  Peter  Harper, 
Edwin  Philbrook,  E.  A.  Gastman,  Silas  Hayes.  Of  '61,  H.  J. 
Button,  and  of  '63,  E.  B.  Harris. 

Curiously  enough  the  first  president,  vice-president,  and 
secretary  of  the  new  society  became,  a  few  months  later,  the 
founders  of  its  rival.  February  26,  1858,  after  a  long  debate 
and  stormy  time  generally,  these  gentlemen  requested  permis- 
sion to  leave  the  room.  The  president,  E.  A.  Gastman,  refused 


136  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

permission;  the  gentlemen  left  in  spite  of  the  refusal;  they 
were  fined  twenty-five  cents  each;  at  a  special  meeting  the 
next  day  they  appealed  from  the  decision  of  the  chair;  the 
chair  was  sustained;  the  gentlemen  thereupon  resigned  and 
after  a  few  days  received  an  honorable  discharge.  About  one 
month  later,  at  the  close  of  school  upon  the  second  day  of  the 
spring  term  of  1858,  they  called  together  the  entering  sections, 
"D"  and  "E,"  consisting  of  some  forty  students,  and  urged 
upon  them  the  formation  of  a  new  society.  The  majority  of 
the  new  students  thought  it  discreet  to  wait  before  organizing 
a  new  society  until  they  had  had  an  opportunity  to  see  what 
the  existing  one  was  like,  but  after  attending  one  meeting  of 
the  Normal  Debating  Society  they  were  easily  prevailed  upon 
to  launch  the  "D  and  E  Society."  There  were  thirty-three 
charter  members,  fourteen  of  these  being  ladies.  Four  or  five 
were  not  members  of  the  entering  sections.  P.  R.  Walker  was 
the  first  president,  and  J.  H.  Burnham  the  first  secretary.  Of 
the  charter  members  only  four  ever  graduated  from  the  Nor- 
mal: L.  D.  Bovee,  '62;  J.  H.  Burnham,  '61 ;  P.  R.  Walker, 
'6 1 ;  Harvey  J.  Button,  '61. 

The  Normal  Debating  Society  soon  felt  obliged  to  follow 
the  lead  of  its  rival  and  admit  ladies.  To  them  in  particular 
the  name  of  the  organization  was  not  satisfactory  and  when  a 
little  over  a  year  old  the  society  was  re-christened  "Philadel- 
phian,"  this  name  having  been  suggested  by  Jennie  G.  Michie, 
later  Mrs.  Dr.  Fox.  The  adoption  of  this  formidable  title  set 
the  members  of  the  younger  society  to  hunting  for  a  name 
that  would  "out-sound"  it  for  their  organization.  Finally,  at 
the  suggestion  of  Aaron  Gove,  "Wrightonian"  was  chosen. 
But  "hereby  hangs  a  tale." 

The  story  is  that  in  the  beginning  the  first  principal  of  the 
Normal  School  had  little  sympathy  with  the  D  and  E  Society. 
It  is  said  that  he  even  intimated  that  the  time  might  come 
when  both  existing  societies  would  give  place  to  something 
founded  upon  quite  a  different  plan.  The  younger  society  in 
particular  feared  for  its  life.  Simeon  Wright  was  at  that 
time  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education.  He  was 
well-known  thruout  Illinois,  having  traveled  all  over  it  lectur- 
ing in  the  interests  of  education.  It  is  claimed  that  Mr. 
Wright  early  espoused  the  cause  of  the  D  and  E  Society,  and 
in  fact  it  was  due  to  his  influence  with  the  principal  and  in  the 
Board  that  the  "boys  were  allowed  to  go  on  with  their  experi- 
ment." There  will  be  no  better  opportunity  than  this  to  say 
that  "Uncle  Sim,"  as  he  came  to  be  called,  continued  the  firm 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  137 

friend  of  the  society  named  after  him,  or  of  both  societies,  up 
to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  instrumental  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  society  libraries,  helped  them  to  get  their  charters 
from  the  legislature  in  1867,  and  in  other  ways  was  of  great 
service.  Simeon  Wright  is  remembered  to  have  been  a  man  of 
a  warm,  big,  generous  heart.  As  quartermaster  during  the  war 
he  cared  for  the  immature  soldiers.  "No  man  ever  asked  from 
him  in  vain.  His  labors  were  unceasing  and  unselfish.  When 
others  were  sleeping,  he  was  planning  for  their  comfort.  Did 
a  man  break  down  on  the  march,  Uncle  Sim  had  an  extra  horse 
for  him  to  ride.  Did  one  fall  sick,  Uncle  Sim  found  trans- 
portation to  some  comfortable  hospital No  poor  student 

ever  appealed  to  Uncle  Sim  in  vain.  No  case  of  deserved  char- 
ity ever  passed  his  door  unheeded ;  his  hand,  heart,  and  purse 
were  always  open  to  the  deserving."  At  his  death  Simeon 
Wright  left  the  Wrightonian  Society  one  thousand  dollars 
The  estate  proving  to  be  quite  heavily  encumbered,  the  amount 
was  never  received.  He  is  buried  at  Rock  Falls  cemetery, 
which  overlooks  the  picturesque  Rock  River.  The  deed  of  the 
burying  lot  is  held  by  the  society,  it  furnished  the  epitaph  for 
his  tomb,  and  the  gavel  now  in  use  in  Wrightonian  Hall  was 
cut  from  an  arbor  vitae  at  the  head  of  the  grave. 

The  Normal  Debating  Society,  or  the  Philadelphian  So- 
ciety as  we  shall  now  call  it,  held  its  first  meetings  upon  Wed- 
nesday nights.  The  first  amendment  to  the  constitution  changed 
the  evening  to  Friday.  When  the  D  and  E,  or  the  Wrightonian 
Society,  started,  it  became  necessary  for  both  organizations  to 
use  the  same  room — the  schoolroom  in  Major's  Hall — for  their 
meetings.  At  first  the  Philadelphians  had  the  choice  of  the 
evening,  but  during  the  second  term  of  the  existence  of  the 
Wrightonian  Society,  it  became  the  practice  for  one  society  to 
have  the  choice  during  one  term  and  for  the  other  to  take  its 
choice  the  next  term.  Friday  and  Saturday  evenings  were  the 
ones  regularly  chosen. 

Society  meetings  were  open  to  the  public  and  while  they 
were  held  in  the  city  of  Bloomington  were  sometimes  disturbed 
by  the  presence  of  an  unruly  element.  The  selection  of  a 
president  occasionally  turned  upon  the  question  as  to  who  was 
the  best  disciplinarian.  It  is  recorded  that  one  election  in 
Wrightonia  was  won  for  a  strict  disciplinarian  by  his  escorting 
separately  to  the  meeting  a  large  number  of  ladies.  His  em- 
barrassment began  when  the  time  came  to  take  them  home. 
After  the  school  moved  out  to  Normal,  for  a  time  many  of  the 
students  still  lived  in  Bloomington  and  society  meetings  were 


138  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

attended  with  much  difficulty.  The  meetings  were  held  tem- 
porarily in  such  rooms  of  the  new  building  as  were  suitable 
and  available.  The  choice  of  halls  is  said  to  have  been  settled 
by  the  Philadelphians  getting  one  of  the  professors  thru  the 
transom,  and  pre-empting  the  quarters  upon  the  south  side  of 
the  building  in  the  name  of  the  Philadelphian  Society — which 
held  its  first  meeting  in  the  hall  October  20,  1860.  The 
Wrightonians  formally  dedicated  their  hall  in  January,  1861 ; 
the  Philadelphians  theirs,  six  months  later. 

The  society  halls  were  at  first  heated  by  steam-pipes,  which 
sometimes  cracked  like  discharges  of  musketry  to  the  discom- 
fiture of  performers ;  later,  ventilating  stoves  were  substituted. 
Adjournments  on  account  of  cold  halls  are  recorded.  The 
floors  remained  for  a  time  uncarpeted,  and  the  chairs  and  the 
piano  used  were  carried  up  from  the  floor  below.  Sometimes 
the  chairs  were  slow  in  getting  back  to  the  recitation  rooms 
where  they  belonged.  The  piano  was  the  only  one  the  univer- 
sity owned,  and  the  societies  had  to  take  turns  in  using  it. 

The  Wrightonian  Society  admitted  ladies  from  the  start 
and  the  Philadelphian  followed  suit  as  early  as  October,  1858, 
inviting  them  and  the  teachers  to  attend  and  take  part  in  the 
programs,  and  soon  after  changing  the  constitution  so  that 
ladies  became  regular  members.  The  teachers  did  not  join  the 
societies  until  1860,  when  by  agreement  they  were  equally  ap- 
portioned between  them.  In  1860  students  from  the  model 
school  were  first  admitted,  tho  not  at  first  permitted  to  vote 
or  to  hold  office.  Soon  after  they  were  received  upon  equal 
terms  with  Normal  students,  and  seem  to  have  held  their  own 
well  in  exciting  contests  between  the  two  departments.  At 
first  students  were  elected  into  the  societies  upon  application. 
The  scheme  of  a  drawing  originated  in  the  fall  of  1858.  The 
Wrightonians  had  worked  during  the  summer  to  secure  the 
best  students  who  might  enter  in  the  fall  for  their  organization, 
and  seemed  to  be  about  to  deal  their  adversaries  a  hard  blow, 
when  the  rule  was  promulgated  that  the  names  of  the  members 
of  the  entering  class  be  arranged  alphabetically  and  that  each 
society  be  accorded  every  other  person  upon  the  list.  It  is 
recorded  that  occasionally  a  "trade"  was  made,  but  such  trades 
soon  became  impossible.  The  election  of  honorary  members 
was  frequent. 

The  Wrightonian  minutes  of  November  25,  1859,  contain 
a  memorial  signed  by  a  long  list  of  ladies,  praying  that  at 
society  meetings  it  be  the  rule  that  the  ladies  should  occupy 
the  same  side  of  the  school  room  that  they  did  during  the  reg- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY. 

ular  school  sessions  and  that  the  gentlemen  keep  on  their  own 
side.  The  petition  was  favorably  acted  upon.  Early  in  1860 
in  Philadelphia  "a  persistent  Englishman  and  a  bachelor" 
moved  that  the  ladies  be  excluded  from  the  society,  averring 
that  their  presence  embarrassed  beginners,  that  young  men 
attended  the  meetings  to  accompany  the  ladies,  and  disturbed 
the  meetings.  The  motion  was  lost. 

Naturally  a  peculiar  interest  attaches  to  the  earliest  pro- 
grams. The  faded  minutes  in  the  dusty  record  books  clearly 
reveal  that  the  debate  was  the  backbone  of  the  literary  exer- 
cises in  both  societies.  Indeed  the  Philadelphian  society,  true 
to  its  baptismal  name,  seems  to  have  done  practically  nothing 
but  debate.  The  "etc."  in  the  constitutional  provision  seems 
to  have  meant  miscellaneous  business.  The  first  question  ever 
debated  was,  Is  a  lawyer  justified  in  defending  a  bad  cause? 
Sometimes  when  at  a  meeting  one  question  had  been  suffi- 
ciently discussed,  another  was  taken  up,  the  roll  was  called, 
and  each  member  was  expected  to  respond;  occasionally,  too, 
an  unfinished  debate  went  over  to  the  next  meeting.  The  ques- 
tion for  debate  was  arranged  for  a  week  or  more  in  advance 
in  open  society  meeting;  later,  in  1860,  in  the  Wrightonian 
Society,  we  find  it  made  the  duty  of  each  president  to  appoint 
a  committee  which  should  arrange  the  questions  and  announce 
them  two  weeks  in  advance.  For  a  time  it  was  the  practice 
for  the  president  to  decide  the  debate,  but  in  1864,  in  the 
Wrightonian  Society  judges  began  to  be  appointed.  War-times 
furnished  a  wealth  of  serious  problems  for  discussion:  Has 
a  State  the  right  to  secede.  Should  Jeff.  Davis  be  hung? 
Should  the  slaves  be  freed?  Was  Lincoln's  proclamation  un- 
just and  impolitic?  Lighter  questions  occasionally  were 
handled:  Should  young  ladies  take  advantage  of  leap-year? 
Ought  men  to  shave?  Is  the  proposed  transit  of  Venus  inex- 
pedient and  should  it  be  postponed  until  times  are  easier?  We 
even  find  it  recorded  that  such  dignified  professors  as  Edwards, 
Hewett,  Stetson,  and  Sewell,  debated  the  following:  Re- 
solved, That  we  most  horribly  protest  against,  vigorously  con- 
demn, obstreperously  denounce,  and  aguishly  shudder  at  the 
influence  of  such  historical  literature  as, — 

Jack  and  Jill  went  up  the  hill, 

To  get  a  pail  of  water. 
Jack  fell  down  and  cracked  his   crown, 

And  Jill  came  tumbling  after. 

Those  who  think  they  recognize  Dr.  Hewett's  handiwork 
in  the  above  will  see  it  again  in  the  following  resolution, 
adopted  March  i,  1862: 


140  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

WHEREAS,  We  are  credibly  informed  that  the  president  of  the  Wright- 
onian  Society  has  this  day  become  the  possessor  of  a  fine  horse  and  buggy ; 
therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  we  are  jointly  and  severally  tickled. 

Altho,  as  has  been  said,  the  debate  long  remained  the  main 
feature  of  the  literary  program  in  both  societies,  yet  other 
exercises  began  early  to  creep  into  the  programs — declama- 
tions, orations,  essays,  teaching  exercises,  etc.  The  extempo- 
raneous speech  held  a  prominent  place.  We  find  record  of 
speeches  upon,  The  Growth  of  Whiskers ;  Sidewalks ;  Kisses ; 
Gloomy  Prospects  of  the  Bachelor  Wrightonian  for  Leap- 
Year.  Lectures  were  of  common  occurrence,  and  were  deliv- 
ered either  by  student  members  of  the  societies  or  by  the  pro- 
fessors. Occasionally  an  outsider  was  brought  in  for  a  public 
lecture.  Tableaux  were  common  in  war-times.  Dramas,  etc., 
it  is  said,  were  most  effective  in  drawing  crowds  shortly  later. 

Of  second  importance  to  the  debate  alone,  was  in  those 
early  days  the  society  literary  paper.  The  paper  of  the  Phila- 
delphian  Society  early  got  into  the  hands  of  the  ladies  and 
came  to  be  called  The  Ladies'  Garland;  that  of  the  Wright- 
onians,  started  during  the  first  term  of  the  society's  existence, 
was  called  The  0 least ellus.  Beginning  with  1858,  the  two 
papers  contended  for  supremacy  at  the  annual  contests  for 
thirty  years.  A  hint  of  an  evil  that  may  have  existed  as  to  these 
papers  is  given  by  a  resolution  adopted  in  the  Wrightonian 
Society  in  1860,  to  the  effect  that  each  president  appoint  a 
censor  to  cut  out  of  the  Oleastellus  all  odious  personalities. 

Vocal  and  instrumental  music  seem  to  have  been  a  part  of 
the  society  programs  from  the  first.  It  has  been  mentioned 
that  the  societies  had  to  take  turns  in  using  the  little  piano  be- 
longing to  the  University.  They  did  not  become  owners  of 
pianos  until  1860.  When  no  piano  was  to  be  had  comb  music, 
etc.,  had  to  be  resorted  to.  The  singing  in  early  days  was 
about  the  same  as  the  congregational  singing  in  churches — 
from  hymn  books,  with  leaders,  plenty  of  discords,  etc.  Vocal 
music  first  became  a  number  on  the  contest  in  1862;  instru- 
mental music  in  1866. 

The  first  contest  between  the  societies  was  held  at  the  sug- 
gestion of  President  Hovey  at  the  close  of  school  in  July,  1858. 
The  only  number  contested  was  the  debate,  which  was  won  by 
the  Wrightonians.  Thereafter  the  contests  were  held  in  De- 
cember. In  1859  the  PaPer  was  added  as  a  number,  in  1862, 
the  vocal  music;  in  1866,  the  instrumental  music;  an  oration 
was  arranged  for  in  1869,  but  there  was  no  contest  as  the 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  141 

Philadelphia!!  orator  was  sick.  Thereafter  it  became  a  regu- 
lar number.  The  society  paper  was  read  last  at  the  contest  of 
1887;  the  essay  and  the  recitation  appeared  first  in  1888.  A 
summary  of  the  main  points  of  interest  as  to  the  contests  will 
be  found  in  tabular  form  at  the  close  of  this  sketch. 

Great  in  those  early  days  must  have  been  the  loyalty  of 
the  Philadelphians  and  the  Wrightonians.  Attendance  upon 
society  meetings  was  compulsory;  tardiness  was  fined;  the 
names  of  the  same  persons  appear  with  remarkable  frequency 
upon  successive  programs.  The  dedications  of  the  new  halls 
at  Normal  were  clearly  occasions  of  great  enthusiasm.  Orig- 
inal odes  were  features  of  the  programs.  It  is  said  that 
school  duties  were  sometimes  neglected  for  the  sake  of  society 
requirements.  It  is  possible,  in  a  way,  to  measure  this  society 
loyalty  in  dollars  and  cents.  The  first  Philadelphian  carpet 
was  presented  to  the  society  in  1861  by  three  of  the  professors 
and  a  few  other  society  members.  It  cost  $250.  The  plan 
had  been  to  surprise  the  rank  and  file  of  the  Philadelphians 
and  steal  a  march  upon  the  Wrightonian  Society  by  purchas- 
ing this  carpet  secretly,  smuggling  it  in  and  laying  it  so  that 
it  might  be  displayed  in  all  its  glory  at  a  coming  society  meet- 
ing. One  historian  states,  however,  that  a  tardy  Wrightonian 
discovered  the  smuggling  of  the  carpet  into  the  building  dur- 
ing general  exercise  period;  another  chronicler  hints  that 
some  Philadelphian  member,  of  the  sex  that  can  never  keep 
a  secret,  may  have  told  some  Wrightonian  friend.  Sure  it  is 
that  the  secret  was  discovered  in  time  for  the  Wrightonians 
to  order  their  $225  carpet  by  telegraph  from  New  York,  have 
it  shipped  by  express,  and  laid  in  time  to  check-mate  their 
rivals. 

Periodically  the  carpet  problem,  or  the  chair  problem,  or 
the  piano  problem,  or  some  other  similar  one,  has  bobbed  up 
to  test  the  loyalty  of  society  members.  Thus  the  Philadelphian 
carpet  of  1861  had  to  be  replaced  by  a  new  one  in  1872,  and 
that  by  another,  costing  $300,  in  1881.  The  Wrightonians 
bought  a  new  carpet  in  1883.  October  15,  1881,  O.  J.  Milli- 
ken,  chairman  of  a  committee  appointed  for  the  purpose,  ren- 
dered the  following  report  of  Wrightonian  assets : 

One  good  Wrightonian  hall ;  I  good  Wrightonian  president ;  several 
good  members;  I  president's  table;  i  president's  chair;  i  gavel;  I  poor 
old  rickety  critic's  table;  no  good  critic's  chair;  i  secretary's  desk;  two 
rostrums — good ;  i  stage  curtain ;  160  good  chairs,  16  of  which  are  lame ; 
19  good  lamps  that  will  burn,  and  6  good  lamps  that  will  not  burn,  of 
which  13  are  chandelier  lamps,  2  are  side  lamps,  3  are  swinging  lamps, 
and  i  is  not  a  swinging  lamp ;  2  lamp  shades  not  in  use ;  2  good  chan- 


142  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

deliers ;  5  good  wall  brackets ;  4  busts,  including  the  bust-ed  window  pane ; 
2  images ;  14  pictures  with  frames — and  the  pictures  of  58  former  Wright- 
onian  presidents;  i  good  piano  and  2  good  piano  stools;  i  good  library, 
containing  896  valuable  books ;  i  wine  glass ;  I  good  second  hand  infant's 
cradle;  i  good  market  basket;  I  four-legged  stool;  i  good  broom;  I 
broken  dust-pan — no  good;  i  sword;  I  feeble  step-ladder;  2  program 
frames;  i  good  but  dirty  old  carpet,  and  other  things  too  numerous  to 
mention,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

A  very  cursory  survey  of  the  Wrightonian  records  of  the 
eighties  reveals  such  minutes  as  these :  $75  allowed  for  paint- 
ing and  graining  the  hall;  bill  for  $150.22  for  curtains,  or- 
dered paid;  committee  appointed  to  purchase  $100  worth  of 

books  for  the  library;   voted  to  get  Prof.  (who  was 

about  to  leave),  a  present,  the  same  to  cost  $100  or  more;  $300 
voted  for  frescoing  the  hall  (1899).  So  the  Philadelphian  rec- 
ords show  $100  spent  for  curtains,  $250  for  painting  and  fres- 
coing (1885),  $45  for  a  present,  more  than  a  hundred  for 
works  of  art  for  the  hall,  nearly  $100  for  cleaning  up,  for  arch, 
etc.  Near  the  close  of  the  eighties  the  societies  invested  many 
hundreds  of  dollars  in  their  beautiful  grand  Steinway  pianos, 
and  about  $450  each  in  new  opera  chairs  for  their  halls.  The 
business-like  manner  of  meeting  the  expenses  for  the  latter 
may  be  gleaned  from  the  Philadelphian  minutes,  where  we 
read  that,  after  it  had  been  arranged  to  pay  all  but  $175  from 
cash  in  the  treasury,  it  was  voted  to  give  the  committee  ten 
minutes  in  which  to  raise  the  lacking  sum  in  small  loans  from 
members  of  the  society.  The  ten  minutes  were  evidently  suf- 
ficient. The  Wrightonians  followed  practically  the  same  plan. 
The  records  contain  a  vote  of  thanks  extended  to  the  young 
gentlemen  of  the  societies  for  gallantly  taking  up  and  clean- 
ing the  carpets,  scrubbing  the  halls,  and  screwing  down  the 
chairs.  In  1892  an  effort  was  made  to  raise  $12,000  for  a  so- 
ciety building,  but  the  attempt  was  not  successful.  But  it  was 
in  1900  that  the  Wrightonian  and  the  Philadelphian  halls  as- 
sumed in  the  main  their  present  aspects.  After  the  building 
of  the  gymnasium  and  the  removal  of  the  science  department 
and  the  museum  to  it,  the  two  old  halls  were  thrown  in  to- 
gether, with  a  commodious  separate  room  cut  off  the  north 
end  for  a  dressing  room  or  parlor,  and  the  Wrightonians  took 
possession  of  it  all.  The  Philadelphians  moved  into  the  exactly 
similar  space  on  the  east  end  of  the  building.  Hard-wood 
floors  were  laid  in  both  halls,  the  Philadelphians  took  all  the 
old  seats,  which  were  in  good  condition,  and  the  Wrightonians 
purchased  new  ones.  The  refitting  of  the  enlarged  quarters 
meant  debts  of  several  hundred  dollars,  which  have  since  been 
paid.  No  trace  is  now  left  of  the  damage  done  the  halls  by 


o 


IIvUNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  143 

the  tornado  of  1902,  which  took  the  roof  off  the  east  end  of 
the  building  and  tumbled  a  chimney  thru  the  roof  into  the 
Wrightonian  hall.  The  project  of  fitting  out  the  apartments 
upon  the  north  ends  of  the  halls  as  parlors  is  being  carried  out 
at  the  present  time. 

The  society  libraries,  founded  soon  after  the  founding  of 
the  societies  themselves,  and  the  source  of  so  much  sacrifice 
and  solicitude  to  the  societies  for  thirty  years,  were  finally,  af- 
ter an  intermittent  discussion  of  the  proposition  thruout  the 
eighties  turned  over  to  the  care  of  the  State  board,  and  thus 
virtually  merged  with  the  university  library  in  1890.  The 
method  of  financiering  the  societies  changed  in  1877.  Previ- 
ous to  that  time  society  dues  were  $i  a  term,  with  extra  lev- 
ies when  needed,  and  occasional  entertainments  designed  to 
benefit  the  treasury.  Admission  to  the  regular  society  pro- 
grams was,  however,  free.  In  1877  tne  ticket  system  was  es- 
tablished, whereby  a  society  ticket,  costing  50  cents,  admits  to 
both  societies  for  one  term.  The  old  fashioned  "grind,"  or 
union  term  sociable,  whereat  as  many  individuals  as  could  pos- 
sibly be,  were  packed,  after  chairs  had  been  removed,  into 
Normal  hall,  and  then  the  whole  human  mass  set  to  revolving 
upon  its  axis,  is  a  thing,  too,  of  the  past.  In  the  more  com- 
modious gymnasium,  the  occasion  becomes  more  like  any  or- 
dinary social. 

As  to  changes  in  the  programs  that  have  occurred  since 
the  sixties,  little  need  be  said.  The  Ladies'  Garland  and  the 
Oleastellus  are  dead.  Upon  the  contest  program  the  essay  and 
the  recitation  took  their  place  in  1888.  The  establishment  of 
a  school  paper,  the  Vidette,  in  February,  1888,  may  have 
usurped,  in  part,  the  place  of  the  old  society  papers.  Orations, 
readings,  recitations,  vocal  and  instrumental  music  continue 
as  of  yore  to  be  given.  No  Shakespearian  reading  has  been 
given  by  the  faculty  for  many  years.  Since  the  establishment 
of  a  regular  lecture  course  the  societies  have  seldom,  if  ever, 
arranged  for  public  lectures.  The  contests  between  sections, 
or  between  ladies  and  gentlemen,  common  ten  or  twenty  years 
ago,  do  not  occur  now-a-days.  An  oratorical  association  now 
conducts  a  prize  contest  in  oratory  and  in  recitation.  Oc- 
casional farces,  dramas,  exhibitions,  etc.,  of  course  occur. 
Down  thru  the  decades  no  number  has  remained  more  promi- 
nent than  the  debate — both  the  earnest,  educative  discussion 
of  important  questions,  and  the  light  merry-making  affair. 
"Resolved,  that  spelling  is  worth  the  attention  it  receives  at 
Normal" — decided  in  Wrightonia  February  27,  1886,  in  the 


144  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

negative.  "Resolved,  that  the  moon  was  full  when  the  cow 
jumped  over  it" — Wright.,  October  25,  1886,  decided  for  the 
affirmative.  The  humorous  debate  has  not  been  the  only  mer- 
ry-maker. "Invitation  received  from  the  Phils,  that  the 
Wrights,  meet  them  for  a  sociable  in  the  halls  above;  some 
fears  being  expressed  that  the  Phils,  would  not  be  able  to  be 
there,  the  re-wording  of  the  invitation  was  required  before  it 
was  accepted," — Wright.,  minutes  for  September  14,  1886. .  .  . 
October  6,  1883,  (i)  Biography  of  Mr.  Milliken,  by  Mr. 
Heath;  (2)  Biography  of  Mr.  Heath,  by  Mr.  Milliken. 

For  several  years,  until  this  year,  the  contest  debate  was  a 
submitted  debate,  each  speech  of  each  side  being  submitted  in 
turn  to  the  opposing  side,  with  the  exception  of  the  two  clos- 
ing speeches.  It  had  been  thought  that  a  better  debate  could 
be  secured  in  this  way  than  in  the  old  rough  and  tumble  battle. 
The  submitted  debate,  however,  is  apt  to  degenerate  into  a  cut 
and  dried  criticism  and  re-criticism  of  essays.  This  year  a  new 
plan  has  been  introduced — a  compromise  scheme,  whereby 
each  side  submits  the  brief  of  its  argument  to  the  other.  So- 
ciety programs  now  are  prepared,  for  the  greater  part,  by 
committees,  each  committee  usually  consisting  of  three  mem- 
bers and  being  responsible  for  simply  one  program.  Two  or 
three  years  ago  the  faculty,  in  the  belief  that  every  teacher  and 
certainly  every  graduate  of  the  institution  should  have  had 
practice  in  addressing  an  audience,  made  rhetorical  work  com- 
pulsory. The  requirement  possibly  did  nearly  as  much  harm 
as  good  to  the  societies  themselves,  for  it  crowded  upon  their 
programs  many  young  and  inexperienced  students.  So  soon 
as  an  increase  in  the  teaching  force  of  the  school  permitted  it, 
the  requirement  was  changed  so  that  work  in  rhetorical  classes 
remained  compulsory  for  all  who  did  not  do  work  in  one  of 
the  societies.  Entering  students,  with  few  exceptions,  are  put 
into  the  rhetorical  classes  and  each  now  stay  there  until  some 
teacher  who  knows  of  his  ability  approves  an  application  that 
he  be  permitted  to  do  his  work  in  one  of  the  societies.  It  is 
hoped  that  this  plan  will  in  a  short  time  thoroly  equip  students 
for  the  more  independent  and  consequently  more  valuable 
work  in  the  society.  The  Philadelphian  and  the  Wrightonian 
Societies  no  longer  have  the  entire  field  to  themselves.  Some- 
thing is  said  elsewhere  of  the  Sapphonian  Society,  of  the  Cic- 
eronian Society,  and  of  the  Girls'  Debating  Club. 

A  complete  and  accurate  account  of  all  the  contests  be- 
tween the  two  societies  is  appended  for  convenience  of  refer- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  145 

ence.  The  letters  P.  and  W.  stand  for  Philadelphian  and 
Wrightonian,  respectively.  The  winners'  names  are  printed 
in  italics. 

PHILADELPHIAN-WRIGHTONIAN  CONTESTS. 
1858. 

Debate— (P.)  Peter  Harper,  J.  T.  Ridlon;  (W.)  P.  R.  Walker,  J.  H. 
Burnham. 

1859- 

Debate— (W.)  P.  R.  Walker,  D.  G.  Ingraham;  (P.)  J.  G.  Howell, 
J.  Little. 

Paper — (W.)  Misses  Town  and  Clark;  (P.)  Misses  Washburn  and 
Peterson. 

1860. 

Debate— (W.)  H.  B.  Norton,  L.  B.  Kellogg;  (P.)  Edwin  Waite,  A.  B. 
Keagle. 

Paper — (P.)  Misses  Sprague  and  White  side;  (W.)  Misses  Curtis 
and  Baker. 

1861,  no  contest. 

1862. 

Debate— (W.)  L.  Kellogg,  4-  McClure;  (P.)  E.  F.  Bacon,  J.  H. 
Thompson. 

Paper — (P.)  Sarah  Stevenson,  Mattie  Burrill;  (W.)  Mary  Fuller, 
L.  A.  Stevens. 

Vocal  Music- — (P.)  Quartet,  names  lost;  (W.)  Misses  McCambridge 
and  Jones,  Messrs.  Hill  and  J.  W.  Cook. 

1863,  disagreement  and  no  contest. 

1864. 

Debate— (P.)  F.  J.  Seybold,  H.  L.  Karr;  (W.)  A.  G.  Karr,  J.  W. 
Cook. 

Paper— (W.)  Misses  M.  Little,  and  M.  R.  Gorton;  (P.)  Misses  B. 
JVakefield  and  E.  A.  Pratt. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  A  Quartet;    (W.)  A  Quartet.    Names  lost. 

1865,  no  contest;    failure  to  agree. 

1866. 

Debate — (W.)  James  S.  Stevenson,  Lewis  Goodrich;  (P.)  G.  S. 
Robinson,  J.  R.  Edwards. 

Paper — (P.)  Mrs.  Gorham,  Annie  Edwards;  (W.)  Emma  Robinson, 
Cora  Valentine. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  Myra  Overman,  Eurania  Gorton,  Laura  Fulwiler — 
a  trio;  (W.)  Misses  Moss  and  Howard,  Messrs.  Kleckner  and  Goodrich. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Lill  Pearson;    (W.)  Mary  Gorton. 


146  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

1867. 

Debate— (W.)  B.  C  Allensworth,  G.  G.  Manning;  (P.)  Loring  Chase, 
C.  H.  Fiske. 

Paper— (P.)  Misses  Barker  and  Galusha;  (W.)  Misses  Benton  and 
Lou  Allen. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  Minnie  Boyden,  Julia  Rider;  (W.)  Messrs. 
Kleckner,  Watterman,  Smith,  Manning. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Kate  Anderson;    (W.)  Fannie  Smith. 

1868. 

Debate— (P.)  R.  A.  Edwards,  W.  C.  Griffith;  (W.)  W.  G.  Myer, 
Ben  Hunter. 

Paper— (P.)  Mary  Owen,  Flora  Pennell;  (W.)  Mary  Kimbell,  Clara 
Burns. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  A.  Quartet;    (W.)  A  Quartet.  Names  not  preserved. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Jennie  Roe,  Marian  New;  (P.)  Fannie 
Smith,  Onie  Rawlings. 

1869. 

Debate— (W.)  H.  F.  Holcomb,  J.  IV.  Gibson;  (P.)  B.  W.  Baker, 
S.  Kimlin. 

Paper — (W.)  Alice  Chase,  Isabel  Houston;  (P.)  Alice  Emmons, 
Dell  Cook. 

Vocal  Music — (W.)  Misses  Dietrich,  Smith,  and  Mr.  J.  Miner;  (P.) 
Mary  Hawley. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Misses  Kingsley  and  Thomas;  (P.) 
Messrs.  J.  M.  Trimble  and  T.  A.  H.  Norman. 

Oration— (P.)  R.  A.  Edzvards;  (W.)  W.  H.  Smith  (not  delivered— 
sickness.) 

1870. 

Debate— (P.)  Arthur  Butler,  Edmund  James;  (W.)  R.  M.  Water- 
man, S.  W.  Paisley. 

Paper — (P.)   Louise  Ray,  Lottie  Blake;    (W.)    Onie  Rawlings,   Lida 
Howland. 

Vocal  Music— (P.)  Mrs.  Moffatt,  Mary  Eldridge;  (W.)  Alice  Ford, 
Flora  Brown. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Mrs.  Moffatt;    (W.)   Josephine  Mosley. 

Oration— (P.)  IV.  C.  Griffith;    (W.)  H.  F.  Holcomb. 

1871. 

Debate — (P.)  James  Hovey,  George  Blount;  (W.)  7.  M.  Wilson, 
J.  E.  Lamb. 

Paper — (W.)  Misses  Franklin  and  Monroe;  (P.)  Misses  Gaston 
and  Karr. 

Vocal  Music — (W.)  Mary  Stroud;  (P.)  Misses  Compton  and  Town, 
and  Mr.  F.  W.  Conrad. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Miss  Roop;    (P.)  Miss  Ware. 

Oration — Neither  delivered  because  one  orator  had  been  suspended. 

1872. 

Debate— (P.)  J.  D.  Templeton,  Felix  Tait;  (W.)  DeWitt  Roberts, 
E.  R.  E.  Kimbrough. 

Paper— (P.)  Amelia  Kellogg,  Mary  Hawley;  (W.)  Nellie  Edwards, 
Emma  Stewart. 


IUJNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  147 

Vocal  Music— (P.)  A  Quartet;    (W.)  A  Quartet. 
Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Libbie  Peers;    (W.)  Anna  Hughes. 
Oration— (P.)  Walter  Lockwood;    (W.)  J.  W.  Smith. 

1873- 

Debate— (W.)  R.  S.  Barton,  E.  R.  Faulkner;  (P.)  I.  Eddy  Brown, 
J.  N.  Wilkinson. 

Paper^-(W.)  Misses  Pace  and  Judd;  (P.)  Misses  Morgan  and  Lil- 
lian DeGarmo. 

Vocal  Music — (W.)  Julia  Codding;    (P.)  Ida  Aldridge. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Helen  Stone;    (P.)  Lula  Brown. 

Oration — (W.)   Mr.  Cushman;    (P.)  Mr.  Conrad. 

1874- 

Debate— (W.)  J.  S.  Shearer,  S.  B.  Wadsworth;  (P.)  A.  D.  Beckhart, 
C.  O.  Drayton. 

Paper — (P.)  Anna  Simmes,  Mary  Bass;  (W.)  Hattie  Smith,  Agnes 
Ball. 

Vocal  Music— (P.)  Lillian  Hanford;    (W.)  Lydia  Clark. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Miss  M.  M.  Butterfield;  (W.)  Fannie 
Wright. 

Oration— (P.)  Charles  McMurry-    (W.)  R.  L.  Barton. 

1875- 

Debate— (W.)  S.  B.  Wood,  W.  W.  Brittain;  (P.)  Stephen  Spear, 
DeWitt  Tyler. 

Paper — (W.)  Emma  Corbett,  Julia  Codding;  (P.)  Mary  Edwards, 
Jessie  Codding. 

Vocal  Music — (W.)  Adelaine  Goodrich;    (P.)   Miss  L.  E.  Sanders. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Lilly  Brown,  Anna  Pierce;  (P.)  Amelia 
Stahl. 

Oration— (W.)  S.  B.  Hursh;    (P.)  C.  Guy  Laybourn. 

1876. 

Debate — (W.)  Silas  Gillan,  C.  W.  Stevenson;  (P.)  George  Hoffman, 
William  Picking. 

Paper — (P.)  Mary  Torrence,  Mary  Anderson;  (W.)  Emily  Wing, 
Frances  Kosier. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  Lillian  Chapman;    (W.)  May  Ross. 
Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Edward  Humphries;    (W.)  Clarence  Hardin. 

Oration— (P.)  Willis  Glidden ;    (W.)  Edward  Swett. 

1877- 

Debate — (P.)  C.  Guy  Laybourn,  John  Bowles;  (W.)  Andreiv  Elder, 
William  McCutcheon. 

Paper— (W.)  Flora  Fuller,  Mina  Smith;  (P.)  Helen  Wykoff,  Jessie 
Dexter. 

Vocal  Music — (W.)  Alice  Bradsharv;    (P.)  Hattie  Burgess. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)   May  Ross;    (P.)  Lillian  Peers. 

Oration — (W.)  Silas  Gillan;    (P.)  Horace  Powers. 


148  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1878. 

Debate— (P.)  Horace  Powers,  Carlton  Webster;  (W.)  Samuel  Hursh, 
John  Tear. 

Paper — (P.)  Lettie  Smiley,  Lou  Allen;  (W.)  Emily  Sherman,  Daisy 
Hubbard. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  Mary  Criswellj    (W.)  Anna  Lou  Fisher. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Minnie  Adams;    (W.)  Hattie  Hayward. 

Oration — (P.)  John  Humphrey ;    (W.)  Frank  Harcourt. 

1879. 

Debate— (P.)  William  Chamberlain,  Austin  Rishel;  (W.)  Rudolph 
Reeder,  James  Adams. 

Paper— (P.)  Lida  Kelly,  Elizabeth  Glanville;  (W.)  Beth  Ford,  May 
Hewett. 

Vocal  Music — (W.)   Emma  Bookwalter;    (P.)  Lizzie  Horned. 

Instrumental  Music— (W.)  Charles  Lufkin;    (P.)  David  Hill. 

Oration— (W.)  John  H.  Tear;    (P.)  Jesse  F.  Hannah. 

1880. 

Debate — (P.)  David  Reid,  George  Howell;  (W.)  Elmer  Brown, 
James  McHugh. 

Paper — (W.)  Jessie  DeBerard,  Addie  Gillan;  (P.)  Lizzie  Swan, 
Caroline  Humphrey. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  Mattie  Beatty;    (W.)  Margaret  Dalyrmple. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Minnie  Potter;    (W.)   Myrtle  Freeman. 

Oration— (P.)  James  B.  Estee;    (W.)  William  H.  Bean. 

1881. 

Debate — (P.)  Frank  Williams,  Murray  Morrison;  (W.)  Walter  f. 
Watts,  John  Fleming. 

Paper — (W.)  Harriet  Scott,  Malvina  Hodgman;  (P.)  May  Parsons, 
Marie  Anderson. 

Vocal  Music — (W.)  Jessie  Buckman;    (P.)  Lydia  Reed. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Lida  A.  Kelly;    (W.)  Sadie  Noleman. 

Oration — (W.)  William  Edmunds;    (P.)  George  Howell. 

1882. 

Debate— (P.)  Charles  Talmadge,  J.  H.  Humer;  (W.)  Nathan  Har- 
vey, W.  R.  Heath. 

Paper — (P.)  Carrie  Smith,  Mary  Hubbard;  (W.)  Mary  Kuhn,  Lucy 
Sparks. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  Lottie  Burr;    (W.)  David  Chapman. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Margaret  Casson;    (W.)  Minnie  Milligan. 

Oration— (P.)  D.  W.  Reid;    (W.)  G.  W.  Scott. 

1883. 

Debate— (W.)  Robert  Fleming,  Lyon  Karr;  (P.)  Oliver  Trowbridge, 
Washington  Wilson. 

Paper— (W.)  Olive  Sattley,  Emma  Cole;  (P.)  Ida  Crouch,  Carrie 
Gifford. 

Vocal  Music— (W.)  Sadie  Gardner;    (P.)   Alice  Albon. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)   Margaret  Lampe;    (P.)  Jessie  Capen. 

Oration— (W.)  Nathan  Harvey;    (P.)  Austin  Richel. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  149 

1884. 

Debate— (P.)  Thomas  Will,  Robert  Hieronymus;  (W.)  J.  W.  Creek- 
mur,  C.  W.  Hart. 

Paper— (P.)  Eva  Blanchard,  Kittie  Deck;  (W.)  Bertha  Glidden, 
Ruby  Gray. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  Anna  Gaston;    (W.)  Lizzie  Boner. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)   Walter  Green;    (W.)  Leta  Haynes. 

Oration— (P.)  Robert  H.  Elder;    (W.)  Alexander  Cation. 

1885. 

Debate— (W.)  M.  L.  Mclntyre,  Fred  Jenkins;  (P.)  Amos  Watkins, 
Lewis  Rhoton. 

Paper — (W.)  Anna  Hopkins,  Jennie  Balthis;  (P.)  Alice  Chandler, 
Mat  tie  Harris. 

Vocal  Music— (W.)  George  Reid;    (P.)  Adna  Smith. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Alma  Walker;    (P.)  Lillian  Stetson. 

Oration — (W.)  John  Fleming;    (P.)  Robert  Hieronymus. 

1886. 

Debate— (W.)  7.  Robert  EMnger,  John  Scott;  (P.)  Jacob  Bohrer, 
Walter  Green. 

Paper — (P.)  Iva  Durham,  Nora  Palmer;  (W.)  Carrie  Goode,  Mattie 
Crest. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  Nettie  Gray;    (W.)  Ada  Jones. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)  A.  Tulia  Anderson;    (W.)  Ella  Craig. 

Oration — (P.)  Amos  Watkins;    (W.)  George  Weldon. 

1887. 

Debate— (P.)  Grant  Karr,  Will  Galbraith;  (W.)  Dudley  Hays,  How- 
ard Erode. 

Paper — (W.)  Florence  Gaston,  Cora  Laign;    (P.)  Kate  Bigham,  Car- 
rie Smith. 
.  Vocal  Music — (W.) — Mamie  Fell;    (P.)   Albert  Cohagen. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Augusta  Austin;    (P.)  Bertrand  Parker. 

Oration — (W.)  Edmund  Smith;    (P.)  Lewis  Rhoton. 


Debate— (P.)  Bertrand  Parker,  C.  C.  Wilson;    (W.)   G.  A.  Weldon, 
Silas  Ropp. 

Essay — (P.)  Mary  Damon;    (W.)  Luella  Denman. 
Recitation — (P.)  May  Fitzwilliams  ;    (W.)   Kate  Spear. 
Vocal  Music — (P.)  Iva  Durham;    (W.)  May  Skinner. 
Instrumental  Music — (P.)   Gertrude  Cartmell;    (W.)  Minnie  Starr. 
Oration— (W.)  Dudley  G.  Hays;    (P.)  W.  J.  Galbraith. 


Debate— (P.)  John  W.  Hall,  J.  J.  Sheppard;  (W.)  John  H.  Cox,  G.  C. 
Griffiths. 

Essay— (W.)  Edna  Mettler;  (P.)  Kittie  D.  Wright.  Disputed  d«>- 
cision. 

Recitation — (W.)  Maud  Valentine;    (P.)  Rachel  Crothers. 

Vocal  Music— (W.)  S.  F.  Parson;    (P.)  James  B.  Pollock. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Alice  Clark;    (P.)  Anna  Glidden. 

Oration— (W.)  Arthur  Norton;    (P.)  H.  C.  Metcalf. 


150  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1890. 

Debate— (P.)  Frank  G.  Blair,  George  Riley;  (W.)  W.  J.  Sutherland, 
George  Reid. 

Essay— (P.)  E.  Kate  Conover;    (W.)  Kate  Spear. 
Recitation— (P.)  Harriet  Fyffe;    (W.)  Emily  Waterman. 
Vocal  Music— (P.)  Harvey  White;    (W.)  Cora  Laign. 
Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Agnes  Cook;    (W.)  Grace  Gregory. 
Oration— (P.)  C.  C.  Wilson;    (W.)  John  H.  Cox. 

1891. 

Debate— (P.)  L.  W.  Colwell,  Joseph  Dixon;  (W.)  B.  F.  Baker,  Mack 
M.  Lane. 

Essay — (P.)  Mrs.  Tessie  Ament;  (W.)  Hattie  Gaston.  Phil,  essay 
not  read — sickness. 

Recitation — (W.)  Fannie  Ewing;    (P.)  Grace  Stevens. 

Vocal  Music— (W.)  Ellen  Connett;    (P.)  Herman  Backer. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Katie  Evans;    (P.)  Carl  Riebsame. 

Oration— (W.)  J.  E.  Ament;    (P.)  George  W.  Riley. 

1892. 

Debate— (W.)  Frank  Bachman,  John  W.  Muir;  John  A.  Keith,  Wal- 
ter S.  Goode. 

Essay — (P.)  Grace  Sealey;    (W.)  Anna  C.  Eack. 
Recitation — (P.)  Anna  Darnbrough;    (W.)  Harriet  Hetfield. 
Vocal  Music— (P.)  J.  I.  Taylor;    (W.)  James  A.  Hodge. 
Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Julia  Toole;    (P.)  Charlotte  Capen. 
Oration— (P.)  W.  S.  Wallace;    (W.)  Cuthbert  Parker. 

1893- 

Debate— (P.)  William  Skinner,  Jesse  Black;  (W.)  E.  A.  Thornhill, 
A.  H.  Melville. 

Essay — (W.)   Eleanor  Hampton;    (P.)  Nellie  Collins. 

Recitation — (W.)  Mary  Karr;  (P.)  Maggie  Nicholson.  Declared 
a  tie. 

Vocal  Music — (W.)  Joseph  G.  Brown;   (P.)  Minnie  Moon. 

Instrumental  Music— (W.)  Alice  Hall;    (P.)  Fred  Hobert. 

Oration— (W.)  Frank  Bachman;    (P.)  John  A.  Keith. 

1894. 

Debate— (W.)  D.  Clinton  Shaff,  Edward  Quick;  (P.)  T.  A.  Hillyer, 
C.  N.  Boord. 

Essay— (P.)   A.  Marion  Smith;    (W.)   Jessie  Bullock. 
Recitation — (P.)  Mae  Wierman;    (W.)  Lucretia  Smith. 
Vocal  Music — (P.)  Rose  Richards;    (W.)  Mary  Sage. 
Instrumental  Music — (P.)Lauretta  Kneedler;    (W.)  Ada  Kuhns. 
Oration — (P.)  Reuben  Tiffany;    (W.)  Ernest  Scrogin. 

1895- 

Debate— (P.)  Frank  Bogardus,  William  Martin;  (W.)  H.  E.  Kanaga, 
Chester  Echols. 

Essay — (W.)  Rebekah  Lesem;    (P.)  Lucy  Clanahan. 
Recitation — (W.)  Amanda  Trainer;    (P.)  Bernice  Rose. 
Vocal  Music— (W.)  Kate  L.  Foster;    (P.)  Pearl  Wells. 
Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Dorothy  Higgins;     (P.)  Edith  McCrea 
Oration— (W.)  Robert  Wells;    (P.)  Nelson  D.  Pike. 


ARNOLD   TOMPKINS 
President,  1899-1900. 


ILUNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  151 

1896. 

Debate— (P.)    Lyman    Coleman,    A.    Roy    Mize;      (W.)    John   Hall, 
George  Stokes. 

Essay — (P.)  Josephine  Lesem;    (W.)  Helen  Taylor. 
Recitation — (P.)   Mrs.  Dora  Long;    (W.)   Grace  Sitherwood. 
Vocal  Music — (P.)  Jessie  Hawks;    (W.)  Ora  Augustine. 
Instrumental  Music — (P.)  May  Haynie;    (W.)  Haley  one  Hussey. 
Oration— (P.)  Hollis  Price;    (W.)  Chester  Echols. 

1897. 

Debate— (W.)  Harmon  Waits,  George  Pfingsten;    (P.)  Albert  Wolfe, 
Herbert  Elliott. 

Essay — (W.)   Marien  Lyons;     (P.)  Emlie  Wright. 
Recitation— (W.)  Anne  Ophelia  Hill;    (P.)  Daisy  Benthuysen. 
Vocal  Music— (W.)  Vera  M.  Peck;    (P.)  Edith  Brown. 
Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Eva  D.  Smith;    (P.)  Bertha  Jeffries. 
Oration— (W.)  Dalton  McDonald;    (P.)  Walter  Pike. 


Debate — (P.)  Myron  Martin,  Elmer  Ashworth;    (W.)  Clarence  Bon- 
nell,  C.  W.  Whitten. 

Essay — (P.)  Lilian  Barton;    (W.)  Cora  S.  Reno. 
Recitation — (P.)  Edna  Gertrude  Mills;    (W.)  Florence  Pitts. 
Vocal  Music — (P.)   Harry  Waggoner;    (W.)    Carrie  Fessler. 
Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Bernice  Bright;    (W.)  Nellie  Spring. 
Oration— (P.)  George  M.  Palmer;    (W.)  Oliver  R.  Zoll. 

1899- 

Debate— (W.)  Gustave  F.  Baltz,  Luella  Dilley;    (P.)  James  Fairchild, 
Frank  Wilson. 

Essay— (W.)  Frank  George;    (P.)  Helen  C.  Putnam. 
Recitation — (W.)  Dorothy  Dixon;    (P.)   Maud  Myers.     A  tie. 
Vocal  Music — (W.)  Henry  F.  Stout;    (P.)  Mabel  Claire  Lancaster. 
Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Minnie  Gossman;    (P.)    C.  E.  Patterson. 
Oration— (W.)  Charles  W.  Whitten;    (P.)  J.  Carl  Stine. 

1900. 

Debate— (P.)    Charles   Oathout,    George    W.   Wright;     (W.)    J.   H. 
Heinzelman,  William  Hawkes, 

Essay — (P.)  Edna  Gertrude  Mills;    (W.)  Minnie  L.  Robinson. 
Recitation — (P.)   Elisabeth  Page;    (W.)    Mamie  Haines. 
Vocal  Music— (P.)  Hattie  Vail;    (W.)  Lura  File. 
Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Florence  Carroll;    (W.)  Electa  Wyllie. 
Oration — (P.)  Roy  Barton;    (W.)  James  Forden. 

1901. 

Debate — (W.)   Irwin  Ropp,  Bertha  Denning;    (P.)   Irvin  McDuffee, 
Thomas  Barger. 

Essay— (W.)  Ruth  A.  David;    (P.)  Clara  Penstone. 
Recitation— (W.)  Frances  Richards;    (P.)  Helen  Tuthill. 
Vocal  Music— (W.)  Nellie  Pollock;    (P.)  Alda  Wilcox. 
Instrumental  Music— (W.)  Kate  Costello;    (P.)  Vida  Litchfield. 
Oration— (W.)  Charles  M.  Gash;    (P.)  Hubert  Oathout. 


152  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1902. 

Debate— (W.)  Herbert  Dixon,  Charles  Francis;  (P.)  Carl  Waldron, 
Harry  Perrin. 

Essay— (P.)  Ada  V.  McCall;    (W.)  Maud  Lants. 
Recitation— (P.)  Julia  Holder;    (W.)  Patsy  Fletcher. 
Vocal  Music — (P.)  Isabelle  Williams;    (W.)  Minnie  Doling. 
Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Anna  Altevogt;    (W.)  Anna  Duffy. 
Oration— (P.)  Roy  Webster;    (W.)  Bertha  Denning. 

1903. 

Debate— (W.)  I.  B.  McMurtry,  George  B.  Kendall;  (P.)  Fred  Tel- 
ford,  Edward  Criss. 

Essay— (W.)  Edith  Mossman;    (P.)  Elisabeth  Matheny. 
Recitation— (W.)  Pearl  Dobson;    (P.)  Martha  Grace  Thomason. 
Vocal  Music — (W.)  Ernest  E.  Edmunds.    Not  contested  by  the  Phils. 
Instrumental  Music — (W.)   Cora  M.  Harned;    (P.)   Bessie  Dillon. 
Oration— (W.)  Fred  T.  Ullrich;    (P.)  Leonard  A.  McKean. 

1904- 

Debate— (W.)  Herbert  Coons,  Bertha  Olsen;  (P.)  Elmer  Ortman, 
Harvey  Freeland. 

Essay — (P.)   Lemma  Broadhead;    (W.)   Grace  Wells. 
Recitation— (P.)  Ruby  Allen;    (W.)  Clara  Louise  Coith. 
Vocal  Music— (P.)  Emma  Kleinau;    (W.)   Ola  Litchfield. 
Instrumental  Music — (P.)   Constance  Williams;    (W.)  Hazel  Brand. 
Oration— (P.)  Edna  Coith;    (W.)  Herbert  Dixon. 

1905. 

Debate— (W.)  Asa  P.  Goddard,  Clara  Coith;  (P.)  James  Smith, 
Mary  Damman 

Essay — (W.)  Irwin  Fronts;    (P.)  Esther  Sealey. 

Recitation — (W.)  Dorothea  Glessing;    (P.)  Goldie  Sharpies. 

Vocal  Music — (W.)  Louise  McTaggart;    (P.)  Veronica  O'Hara. 

Instrumental  Music — (W.)  Eleanor  Hoierman;  (P.)  Margaret  Tripp- 
let 

Oration — (W.)  Ralston  Brock;    (P.)  Emma  Kleinau. 

1906. 

Debate — (W.)  Otto  Reinhart,  Daniel  Hannon;  (P.)  Minnie  Vautrin, 
John  Adams. 

Essay— (P.)  Florence  Olsen;    (W.)  Gertrude  Stephens. 

Recitation — (P.)  Ora  Bastian;    (W.)  Cora  M.  Harned. 

Vocal  Music — (P.)  Sadie  Pepple;    (W.)  Leslie  Stansbury. 

Instrumental  Music — (P.)  Floyd  Godfrey;  (W.)  Mrs.  Genevieve 
Pierce. 

Oration — (P.)  James  Smith;    (W.)  Miguel  Nicdao. 

SUMMARY. 

Total  number  of  contests,  46. 

Ties  in  '60,  '68,  '77. 

No  contest  in  '61,  '63,  '65. 

Contests  won  by Wrightonia,  25        Philadelphia,  18 

Debates  won 26  20 

Papers   won   n  15 

Vocal  Music  26  17 

Instrumental  Music   18  23 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  153 

Essay  Wrightonia,  10        Philadelphia    9 

Recitation  (tie  in  '93  and  '99) 8  9 

Oration 18  19 

Total  points  won "          154  147 

The  Wrightonians  won  the  only  point  contested — the  debate — in  1858; 
the  two  points  contested  in  1859;  and  all  the  points  in  1896;  the  Phila- 
delphians  won  all  seven  points  in  1884.  The  debate  and  the  paper  have 
always  counted  two  points  each.  The  above  counts  the  oration  in  '69  for 
Philadelphia,  just  as  the  essay  in  '91  for  Wrightonia.  The  former  has 
perhaps  not  usually  been  so  counted. 

OTHER  LITERARY  SOCIETIES. 
THE  EDWARDS  DEBATING  CLUB. 

Back  in  the  seventies  there  existed  a  literary  society  known 
as  the  Edwards  Debating  Club.  All  records  seem  to  be  lost. 
It  is  safe  to  say  that  the  organization  was  not  in  existence 
much  before  1870.  As  its  name  suggests  the  prime  feature  of 
its  program  was  the  debate.  Its  membership  included  men 
only.  The  meetings  \vere  held,  part  of  the  time  at  least,  in  the 
White  room,  in  the  basement.  Probably  with  little  more 
change  than  one  of  name,  in  1879,  this  organization  was  trans- 
formed into 

THE  CICERONIAN  SOCIETY. 

The  Ciceronian  Society  continued,  as  its  forerunner,  the 
Edwards  Debating  Club,  had  been,  a  society  for  men  only,  the 
debate  continued  the  back-bone  of  the  program,  the  meetings 
were  still  held  in  the  White  room.  Later  the  membership  out- 
grew the  capacity  of  the  White  room,  and  meetings  were  held 
in  the  northwest  room  in  the  basement.  Still  later  the  Cicer- 
onians  arranged  for  the  use  of  the  Wrightonian  hall  on 
Friday  evenings.  This  has  been  the  usual  place  of  meeting  in 
later  years  tho  some  meetings  have  been  held  in  various  reci- 
tation rooms.  The  membership  of  Cicero  has  fluctuated 
greatly,  at  times  including  nearly  all  the  men  of  the  school, 
and  at  times  dwindling  to  a  mere  handful.  The  interest,  too, 
in  the  work  of  the  society  has  varied  greatly. 

The  Ciceronian  Society,  with  no  ladies  present,  with  its 
smaller  membership,  in  its  atmosphere  of  freedom,  has  af- 
forded an  opportunity  especially  valuable  to  beginners  in  de- 
bate and  not  by  any  means  without  its  value  for  those  of  much 
experience.  Once  in  three  or  four  weeks  the  meeting  has  been 
held,  for  many  years,  in  the  form  of  a  model  senate.  Here 
have  been  introduced,  advanced  to  a  second  or  last  reading, 


154  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

and  passed  or  defeated,  with  an  expedition  quite  unknown  to 
its  federal  namesake,  some  of  the  most  important  measures  of 
recent  generations.  Republicans,  and  democrats,  and  populists 
have  had,  upon  such  occasions,  ample  opportunity  to  chew 
each  other  up  in  approved  fashion.  Within  Cicero,  too,  have 
existed  peculiar  political  parties.  Conservatives,  Liberals,  the 
Ciceronian  party,  as  well  as  Democrats  and  Republicans,  have 
striven  for  mastery.  Florid  nominating  speeches,  exciting 
campaigns,  hotly  contested  elections  have  been  the  order  of  the 
day.  Next  to  debate  and  politics,  Cicero  has  been  famed  for 
her  devotion  to  business  and  her  attention  to  rules  of  order. 
If  there  wasn't  sufficient  business  on  hand  it  was  manufac- 
tured. While  such  practice  may  be  valuable  it  must  be  guarded 
carefully  or  it  will  degenerate  into  mere  horse-play. 

A  pleasant  feature  in  connection  with  the  social  side  of  the 
Ciceronian's  life  has  been  the  friendly  relation  that  has  com- 
monly existed  between  Cicero  and  the  Sapphonian  Society. 
Open  meetings  of  Cicero  to  which  the  Sapphonians  might 
come,  social  functions,  given  by  the  one  or  the  other  organiza- 
tion to  the  other,  occurred  for  years.  Of  late  Sappho  seems 
to  have  found  a  rival  in  the  shape  of  the  younger  ladies'  so- 
ciety— the  Girls'  Debating  Club. 

THE  SAPPHONIAN  SOCIETY. 

The  following  is  taken  from  the  first  issue  of  the  Vidette 
February,  1888:  "The  ladies  of  the  school  have  organized  a 
literary  society,  called  the  Sapphonian,  which  promises  to  be 
a  great  benefit  to  them." 

"One  Friday  evening  in  October  (1887)  a  number  of  the 
ladies  made  up  their  minds  to  surprise  and  embarrass  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Ciceronian  society  by  making  them  a  visit.  They 
carried  with  them  fancy  work,  for  they  had  an  idea  that  Cic- 
ero was  a  very  tedious  place  and  that  they  would  need  some- 
thing to  amuse  them,  but  'great  oaks  from  little  acorns  grow,' 
and  they  became  so  much  interested  in  the  work  that  they  then 
and  there  determined  to  found  a  society  of  their  own.  The 
society  tho  small  at  first  has  constantly  grown  and  now  feels 
strong  enuf  to  risk  a  contest  with  the  members  of  Cicero, 
which  is  to  be  held  Friday  evening,  March  23.  The  officers 
are  elected  once  in  four  weeks,  so  that  all  receive  drill  in  pre- 
siding, and  the  parliamentary  rules  are  so  well  understood  that 
the  ladies  are  now  able  to  second  a  motion  in  the  Philadelphian 
or  the  Wrightonian  Society  without  any  fear  of  being  called 


IIJJNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  155 

to   order The  society  holds  its   meetings  in  the   Phila- 

delphian  hall  and,  much  to  the  surprise  of  the  gentlemen,  who 
are  not  allowed  to  attend,  and  who  prophesied  it  a  short  life, 
it  grows  every  day." 

The  account  of  the  Sapphonian  Society  in  the  first  Index 
(1892)  quotes  the  above,  characterizing  it  however  as  a 
"legend."  It  recounts  that  in  the  fall  of  1887  half  a  dozen 
young  women  called  a  meeting  of  all  the  girls  of  the  school, 
that  the  meeting  discussed  the  matter  of  forming  a  girl's  so- 
ciety, was  addressed  by  students  and  by  Miss  Flora  Pennell, 
now  Mrs.  Parr,  then  preceptress,  appointed  a  committee  to 
draft  a  constitution,  which  committee  reported  a  week  later. 
At  that  time  the  organization  was  completed,  Miss  Louise  be- 
ing elected  president.  The  Sapphonian  Society  and  the  Cicer- 
onian Society  early  exchanged  the  courtesies  of  invitations  to 
open  meetings.  A  contest  with  Cicero,  Shakespearean  plays, 
parliamentary  drills,  etc.,  were  features  of  the  early  work. 

The  rest  of  this  sketch  has  been  contributed  by  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Mavity  Cunning-ham- 

Former  members  of  the  two  "old"  literary  societies  are 
wont  to  say  that  among  their  most  valued  possessions  are 
qualities  arising  from  their  experiences  within  the  society 
walls.  A  certain  ease  of  address,  a  quickness  of  thought  and 
appropriateness  of  speech,  and  a  courteous  and  conscientious 
willingness  to  co-operate  with  others  must  of  course  result  at 
least  in  a  measure  from  active  work  in  a  literary  society ;  and 
persons  familiar  with  customs  at  the  old  Normal  will  recall 
the  habit  of  Normal  presidents  of  laying  stress  upon  these  val- 
ues of  society  membership,  when  reading,  each  term,  the  list 
of  students  drawn  into  the  Philadelphian  and  the  Wrightonian 
Societies.  I  mention  these  things  because  from  twelve  years' 
acquaintance  with  the  work  of  the  Sapphonian  Society  I  be- 
lieve it  to  be  second  to  none  of  the  societies  of  the  school  in  the 
opportunities  it  offers  for  growth  in  the  qualities  named  above. 

From  the  Vidette  account  of  its  origin,  however,  it  would 
appear  that  at  first  the  Sapphonian  Society  was  modeled  after 
the  existing  institutions,  serving  chiefly  to  give  another  op- 
portunity to  do  the  same  kind  of  literary  work.  The  increased 
amount  of  practice  must  have  been  helpful.  But  after  some 
years,  there  grew  up  among  the  women  students  a  feeling  that 
the  society  did  not  satisfy  their  needs  for  study  and  expression. 
They  felt  it  too  much  a  duplication  of  the  others.  They  asked 
the  advice  and  help  of  Miss  Colby,  then  newly  come  to  the 
school  as  preceptress  and  professor  of  literature,  and  re- 


156  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

organized  then,  fifteen  years  ago,  on  the  plan  which  has  given 
the  society  its  greater  possibilities  for  usefulness. 

The  present  plan  makes  the  society  very  unlike  the  other 
organizations  of  the  school  in  its  working  details,  and  avoids 
one  of  the  difficulties  besetting  them — the  non-active  member. 
The  society  is  composed  of  groups  called  committees,  whose 
number  and  whose  lines  of  work  depend  upon  the  needs  and 
wishes  of  the  women  students  of  the  school.  Regular  fort- 
nightly meetings  of  each  committee  and  the  uniting  of  all  the 
committees  in  open  meetings  on  the  intervening  weeks,  make 
up  the  life  of  the  society.  The  committee  meetings  are  regu- 
larly devoted  to  the  chosen  lines  of  study;  in  the  open  meet- 
ings each  committee  in  turn  gives  a  program.  It  is  rarely  the 
case  that  a  member  does  not  take  part  both  in  committee  and 
on  program.  Paper,  talk,  recitation,  dramatic  representation, 
music,  on  the  program,  are  drawn  from  the  work  done  in  the 
committee;  so  that  in  general  the  programs  are  themselves 
each  a  growth,  and  each  member's  part  is  a  growth.  The  ill- 
prepared  or  hastily-got-up  exercise  is  the  exception. 

New  committees  may  be  formed  whenever  a  need  arises. 
No  one  need  hunger  for  an  opportunity  to  exercise  in  any  field 
of  thought  or  endeavor,  if  only  she  can  find  other  girls  in  the 
school  who  will  join  her.  Some  woman  member  of  the  fac- 
ulty is  asked  to  serve  as  adviser,  and  the  committee  meetings 
are  usually  held  at  her  home.  The  plan  of  reading  or  other 
study  is  laid  out  in  the  case  of  most  of  the  committees  for  the 
entire  school  year.  There  is  always  a  literature  committee; 
usually  a  music  committee;  of  recent  years,  a  travel  commit- 
tee. For  some  years,  there  was  a  current  history  committee; 
for  a  time,  an  English  history  committee,  and  an  athletic  com- 
mittee. Recently  there  has  arisen  a  college  committee.  There 
may  be  whatever  the  girls  of  the  school  wish  to  have;  and 
while  the  work  is  chiefly  done  in  committee,  the  programs  at 
the  open  meetings  make  the  interest  and  advantage  of  the 
study  of  each  group  evident  to  the  others  and  to  visiting  non- 
members.  All  girls  of  the  school  are  invited  to  attend. 

The  relative  informality  of  the  programs  and  the  friendly, 
gracious  atmosphere  that  invests  all  the  meetings  are  helpful  to 
timid  girls  as  well  as  pleasant  to  all.  Many  a  girl  who  has 
first  learned  to  face  an  audience  in  the  Sapphonian  meetings, 
would  not  have  learned  this  at  all  had  there  not  been  just  such 
an  opportunity.  And  besides,  the  Sapphonian  Society  has  al- 
ways had  many  of  the  strongest  and  most  active  students  of 
the  school  among  its  members,  because  they  wished  to  have 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  157 

the  pleasure  and  the  enlargement  of  living  which  are  its  pe- 
culiar gift  to  the  school. 

The  women  of  the  faculty  who  are  associated  with  the 
committees  as  advisers  enjoy  the  pleasant  associations  thus 
made  possible.  They  join  with  old  students  in  a  tribute  to  the 
efficiency  and  the  beauty  of  this  society  as  a  student  institution. 
And  this  article  must  not  close  without  recognition  of  the  part 
taken  by  Miss  Colby  in  securing  both  the  efficiency  of  the  so- 
ciety's work  and  the  beauty  of  its  spirit.  Her  judgment,  her 
wide  knowledge,  her  whole-souled  sympathy,  and  her  time 
have  for  fifteen  years  been  part  of  the  capital  of  the  society, 
freely  given  the  girls  to  use  in  their  pursuit  of  larger  life, 
more  liberty,  and  greater  happiness. 

THE  GIRLS'  DEBATING  CLUB. 
The  following1  was  written  by  Miss  Irene  Blanchard. 

The  Girls'  Debating  Club  was  organized  in  1903  by  a  few 
young  women  who  wanted  better  opportunities  in  debate.  At 
first,  they  had  a  Model  House  every  two  weeks  and  engaged 
in  many  and  lively  discussions.  As  this  was  the  only  literary 
society  which  met  in  the  afternoon  and  many  young  women 
find  it  more  convenient  to  do  their  literary  work  at  this  time, 
membership  soon  increased.  With  the  increase  in  the  number 
of  members,  the  programs  became  more  general  and  the  work 
more  varied.  Like  all  societies,  the  Girls'  Debating  Club  has 
had  its  ups  and  downs,  but  the  attendance  is  now  regular  and 
the  spirit  good. 

THE  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATIONS. 

THE  Y.  M.  C.  A. 

During  the  fall  term  of  1871  a  few  men  of  the  school  be- 
gan to  agitate  the  matter  of  religious  meetings  for  men  stu- 
dents. The  first  meeting  was  held  in  a  little  Presbyterian 
chapel  located  south  of  the  Alton  track  on  Linden  street.  The 
building  was  later  moved  into  another  part  of  town  and  seems 
now  to  have  disappeared.  The  heating  apparatus  of  the  chapel 
was  defective,  the  room  was  often  cold,  smoky,  and  very  un- 
inviting, and  soon  the  meeting  was  taken  to  a  small  room  in 
the  basement  of  the  Methodist  church,  and  later,  as  the  attend- 
ance increased,  to  the  regular  lecture  room  in  the  basement. 
Early  in  January,  1872,  after  getting  the  advice  of  the  gen- 
eral secretary  of  the  Chicago  association,  the  Normal  organi- 


158  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

zation  was  more  formally  organized,  the  association  thus 
formed  being  the  first  student  association  in  the  State  and  the 
fifth  in  the  United  States.  The  officers  then  elected  were: 
I.  E.  Brown,  president;  George  Blount,  vice  president;  Hi- 
ram Stewart,  secretary.  The  last-named  died  shortly  after, 
before  he  had  transferred  minutes  of  the  first  meetings  from 
loose  slips  of  paper  to  a  permanent  record-book,  so  that  the 
earliest  records  are  lost.  During  the  winter  of  1873  a  notable 
revival  was  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  new  association.  In 
consequence  about  sixty  students  began  the  Christian  life. 
The  next  winter  an  equally  successful  revival  was  held.  At 
the  time  of  the  organization  of  the  Normal  Y.M.C.A.  there 
was  no  State  organization.  The  first  State  convention  was 
held,  however,  in  Bloomington  in  1873.  The  Normal  associa- 
tion as  early  as  1873  adopted  the  plan  of  meeting  trains,  help- 
ing students  to  find  quarters,  and  inviting  them  to  the 
Y.M.C.A.  rooms. 

Two  or  three  years  after  its  organization  the  Y.M.C.A. 
became  involved  in  society  politics.  There  had  been  organized 
the  so-called  Liberal  Club.  Altho  opposition  to  the  orthodox 
religion  had  not  been  the  purpose  of  the  organization,  yet  the 
club  studied,  among  others,  books  that  in  those  times  were 
commonly  considered  anti-orthodox,  its  members  gave  free 
expression  to  their  views  upon  the  society  platforms,  and  ar- 
ranged programs  upon  which  Liberals  alone  appeared.  The 
crisis  came  when  a  president  was  to  be  selected  for  the  Phila- 
delphian  Society.  The  Liberals  supported  Charles  McMurry, 
who,  however,  was  not  of  their  own  number.  He  was  zealously 
opposed  by  the  Christian  Association,  but  was  elected. 

To  the  earliest  history  of  the  Normal  Y.M.C.A.,  be- 
cause the  association  was  the  first  of  its  kind  in  Illinois 
and  the  fifth  in  the  country,  attaches  a  peculiar  interest  that 
warrants  the  giving  of  the  details  above.  It  is  not  possible, 
however,  to  trace  its  later  life  in  detail.  The  manner  of 
work  changed  with  time.  Thus,  during  the  greater  part  of 
the  eighties  there  were  no  week  day  meetings  of  the  associa- 
tion in  the  main  building,  nor  were  there  meetings 
for  men  alone  at  any  time,  if  the  occasional  meetings 
of  men  in  evening  Bible  study  classes  be  excepted.  The 
regular  association  meeting  was  held  with  the  Y.W.C.A. 
on  Sunday  afternoons  in  one  of  the  churches.  The  issue  of 
the  Vidette  for  February,  1888,  speaks  of  the  discontinuance 
of  these  joint  meetings  and  the  new  life,  increased  enthusiasm, 
and  increased  attendance  at  the  Y.M.C.A.  meetings  in  conse- 


J.  ROSE  COLBY 
1892-1907 


MRS.  LIDA  BROWN  McMuRRY 
1891-1900. 


ANGE   V.   MILNER 
1890-1907. 


MRS.  ELIZABETH  MAVITY  CUNNINGHAM 
1895-1906. 


A  GROUP  OF  WOMEN  TEACHERS 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  159 

quence.  Sunday  afternoon  joint  meetings  occurred  tho  much 
later.  The  association  early  adopted  the  practice  of  sending 
delegates  to  the  State  association  meeting.  In  1891  began  the 
custom  of  sending  delegates  to  Geneva.  A  little  hand-book  is 
issued  each  year,  giving  useful  information,  etc., — this  in  con- 
junction with  the  Y.W.C.A.  For  many  years  the  Y.M.C.A. 
and  the  Y.W.C.A.  supported  at  the  expense  of  several  hun- 
dred dollars  annually,  five  or  six  native  preachers  in  China, 
India,  Armenia.  At  times  there  has  been  strong  talk  of  a 
joint  association  building  or  of  commodious  hired  quarters, 
but  the  association  still  "boards  around."  Bible  classes,  taught 
usually  by  the  professors,  evening  prayer  meetings  in  the 
churches  or  in  the  students'  rooms,  energetic  fall  canvassing 
for  members,  social  functions,  union  meetings  with  the 
women's  association,  revival  meetings  under  the  lead  of  some 
evangelist,  and  unpretentious,  never-ending  struggles  to  be 
good  and  to  help  others  to  be  good — such  are  the  topics  that 
would  receive  attention  were  the  history  of  the  association  to 
be  written  in  more  detail.  The  regular  meeting  is  now  held 
in  the  main  building  on  each  Friday  evening.  Once  a  month 
the  meeting  is  a  joint  one  with  the  Y.W.C.A. 

THE  Y.W.C.A. 

This  sketch  was  written  by  Miss  Olive  L.  Barton,  Training  Teacher. 

To  a  student  of  college  movements,  more  than  ordinary  in- 
terest centers  about  an  organization  that  has  proved  itself  a 
pioneer  in  a  given  line.  The  Young  Women's  Christian  As- 
sociation of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University  is  proud  to 
be  recognized  as  the  forerunner  of  what  has  since  become  a 
world-wide  movement  among  college  women. 

On  a  dismal  Sunday  afternoon  in  November,  1872,  a 
group  of  six  young  women  met  for  prayer  in  the  room  of  Miss 
Lida  A.  Brown,  now  Mrs.  McMurry,  of  the  Northern  Illinois 
Normal  School.  They  found  the  hour  a  profitable  one,  and 
believed  that  others  should  share  in  the  blessings  that  they 
had  received.  Accordingly  they  invited  others  to  join  them 
and  the  following  Sunday  held  their  meeting  in  the  parlor  of 
the  old  Congregational  church.  The  interest  increased  and  their 
numbers  grew  until  they  were  soon  obliged  to  use  the  body  of 
the  church  for  their  meetings.  In  1873  the  church  burned  and 
the  basement  of  the  old  Methodist  church  became  their  meet- 
ing place.  With  the  growth  in  interest,  the  workers  felt  the 
need  of  closer  organization.  They  saw  in  organized  effort  a 


160  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

great  opportunity  to  help  the  non-Christian  women  of  the 
school.  Early  in  the  year  1873  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
draft  a  constitution.  This  committee  consisted  of  Miss  Myra 
Osband  (Mrs.  J.  H.  Sutton),  preceptress  of  the  Normal 
school,  Miss  Ida  Witbeck  (Mrs.  Charles  DeGarmo,)  Miss 
Fannie  B.  Pace  (Mrs.  DeWitt  Roberts,)  and  Miss  Lida 
Brown.  Finding  the  plan  of  work  followed  by  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  to  be  apparently  suited  to  their 
needs,  they  based  the  draft  of  their  constitution  upon  it.  This 
was  adopted  January  19,  1873,  and  the  organization  was 
styled,  The  Young  Ladies'  Christian  Association.  It  was 
known  by  this  name  until  September  n,  1881,  when  it  re- 
ceived its  present  name. 

The  first  officers  under  the  old  constitution  were  Miss  Ida 
E.  Brown  (Mrs.  James  Cary,)  deceased,  president;  Miss  Ida 
Witbeck,  vice  president;  Miss  Emma  V.  Stewart  (Mrs.  I.  E. 
Brown,)  deceased,  secretary;  Miss  Lida  A.  Brown,  treasurer. 
These  early  officers  gratefully  remember  the  loyal  help  given 
them  by  Miss  Harriet  Case  (Mrs  Morrow),  preceptress. 

The  organization  of  the  Normal  Y.W.C.A.  was  soon  fol- 
lowed by  similar  organizations  in  other  educational  institu- 
tions of  Illinois,  Michigan  and  Ohio.  Were  this  a  history  of 
the  Y.W.C.A.  movement  at  large,  much  could  be  told  of  its 
growth,  of  its  presence  and  activities  in  almost  every  Normal 
school,  college,  and  university  in  the  land;  of  its  splendid 
achievements  in  home  and  foreign  work ;  of  the  noble  young 
women  of  superior  training  and  intellect  who  have  given  the 
best  of  their  lives  to  its  work.  It  is  an  occasion  of  gratitude 
and  pride  on  the  part  of  the  young  women  of  the  I.S.N.U.  that 
their  organization  is  responsible  for  a  movement  of  such  wide- 
spread power  for  good. 

It  would  be  impossible  to  trace  in  detail  the  development 
of  the  local  association,  and  the  careers  of  its  officers  and  mem- 
bers. Young  women  of  worth  and  pronounced  ability  have 
directed  its  forces.  The  entire  school  has  received  moral  up- 
lift thru  its  presence.  Young  women  have  been  given  higher 
ideals  and  broader  conceptions  of  their  chosen  life-work.  It 
has  been  a  vital  force  for  good,  and  has  contributed  in  no  small 
part  to  the  excellent  equipment  of  the  young  people  graduated 
by  our  noble  institution.  The  organization  in  its  present  mem- 
bership and  officers  as  also  in  the  work  accomplished,  is 
equally  worthy  with  its  predecessors  of  the  highest  commenda- 
tion. Adapting  itself  to  the  increasing  compexity  of  our  pres- 
ent-day life,  it  has  undertaken  numerous  lines  of  work,  each 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  161 

fruitful  and  practical  in  its  place.  Its  members  now  number 
above  seventy.  The  association  anticipates  a  future  of  in- 
creased usefulness  when  in  quarters  adapted  to  its  needs,  and 
affording  wider  range  of  activities,  it  will  be  able  to  prove  of 
greater  help  to  the  entire  university. 

THE  ORATORICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

The  Oratorical  Association  was  organized  during  the 
school  year  of  1887-88.  The  plan  originated  with  Mr.  Charles 
Beach,  who  served  two  years  as  president.  The  first  contest 
in  oratory  was  on  the  Friday  evening  before  commence- 
ment, 1888.  The  prizes  were:  First,  Johnson's  Encyclopedia; 
second,  Webster's  Unabridged  Dictionary;  third,  Shakes- 
peare's works.  A  board  of  management,  consisting  of  fifteen 
members,  arranged  all  details,  and  became  perpetuated  as  the 
Oratorical  Board.  The  winners  in  the  first  contest  were  Emile 
Simmons,  W.  J.  Morrison,  and  Edward  Bailey.  In  1889  the 
winners  were  Harry  Metcalf  and  C.  C.  Wilson;  in  1890, 
James  Wilson,  John  Cox;  in  1891,  Reuben  Tiffany,  Gary  Col- 
burn;  1892,  Mrs.  R.  O.  Butterfield,  Mack  M.  Lane;  1893, 
George  H.  Gaston,  Harriet  Hetfield;  1894,  John  Keith,  J.  W. 
Rausch.  By  this  time  the  Philadelphian,  Wrightonian,  and 
the  Sapphonian  Societies  had  begun  offering  prizes  to  their 
members  who  ranked  highest  but  who  did  not  win  either  of  the 
main  prizes,  a  practice  which  was  kept  up  for  a  time  by  these 
societies  and  by  Cicero.  In  '95  Mary  Robert  won  first  place, 
while  Charles  Ryburn  and  Walter  Pike  tied  for  second.  In 
1896  two  events  of  great  importance  for  the  association  hap- 
pened. Our  school  joined  the  Interstate  Oratorical  League 
and  Mr.  Charles  Beach,  who  while  a  student  had  had  so  much 
to  do  with  organizing  and  conducting  the  association,  offered 
to  give  annually  one  hundred  dollars  in  cash  and  a  gold  medal 
to  the  winner  in  the  contest.  Robert  J.  Wells  won  and  repre- 
sented the  school  in  the  interstate  contest.  The  winners  for 
the  next  three  years  were:  Chester  Echols,  Hyatt  Covey,  J. 
Carl  Stine.  In  1900  a  declamatory  contest  was  added,  Mr. 
Beach  giving  to  the  winner  a  gold  medal  and  seventy-five  dol- 
lars. Charles  Whitten  won  the  oratorical,  and  Maude  Myers 
the  declamatory  contest.  In  1901  the  winners  were  Roy  Bar- 
ton, in  oratory,  and  Mamie  Haines,  in  declamation.  In  1902 
so  many  contestants  entered  that  the  contests  were  held  upon 
separate  evenings ;  Dorothy  Dixon  won  in  declamation,  and 
Minnie  Gay  in  oratory,  the  latter  representing  our  school  in 


162  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

the  newly  formed  State  league.  In  1903  Bertha  Denning  rep- 
resented us  in  the  oratorical  contest  with  DeKalb. 

The  year  1904  marks  the  beginning  of  the  present  epoch  in 
the  history  of  the  association.  Mr.  Beach  had  become  unable 
to  continue  his  liberal  gifts,  and  another  gentleman,  who  has 
never  permitted  his  name  to  be  mentioned  publically  in  connec- 
tion with  the  matter,  established  the  present  Edwards  prizes, 
consisting  of  costly  gold  medals,  for  the  winners  of  first  place 
in  oratory  and  in  declamation ;  the  arrangement  being  to  com- 
memorate, aside  from  the  good  it  may  accomplish  othenvise, 
the  well-known  devotion  of  Dr.  Edwards  to  oral  expression. 
Happily  Dr.  Edwards  himself  has  been  able  to  be  present  each 
year  and  bestow  the  prizes  upon  the  winners,  who  have  been 
as  follows:  1904,  Burley  Johnson,  Emelia  Hertlein;  1905, 
Herbert  Coons,  Herbert  Dixon;  1906,  Emma  Kleinau,  Nina 
Hendickson;  1907,  Miguel  Nicdao,  Esther  Mansfield. 

The  oratorical  and  declamatory  contest  is  now  held  in 
March,  near  the  close  of  the  winter  term.  Many  changes  have 
been  made  from  time  to  time  in  the  constitution,  but  the  board 
remains  for  the  greater  part  one  composed  of  student  members 
selected  by  the  school  or  appointed  by  the  teacher  of  reading, 
who  with  one  or  two  other  members  of  the  faculty  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  board. 

THE  LECTURE  BOARD. 

The  Vidette  of  November,  1889,  records  that  an  effort  is 
being  made  by  a  number  of  students  to  inaugurate  a  lecture 
course ;  that  those  who  are  working  up  the  matter  believe  five 
good  lectures  can  be  obtained  at  a  cost  to  the  individual  of  one 
dollar;  that  the  lectures  may  be  held  upon  Friday  evenings  so 
as  to  interfere  little  with  school  work ;  that  the  originators  of 
the  scheme  expect  no  compensation  for  their  labors,  and  only 
request  that  the  students  respond  generously  when  asked  to 
purchase  tickets.  The  Vidette  of  the  following  month  an- 
nounced that  the  course  was  assured,  that  four  first-class  lec- 
tures had  been  secured,  and  that  it  was  hoped  one  or  two 
others  might  be  added.  The  first  lecture  of  this  first  course 
was  delivered  during  the  first  week  of  the  winter  term  of  1890. 
Charles  Beach  was  the  first  president  of  the  "Board  of  Con- 
trol of  the  Normal  Students'  Lecture  Course,"  as  the  board 
was  called  in  the  original  constitution.  No  musical  numbers 
formed  a  part  of  the  first  course.  The  next  year  the  so-called 
"People's  Course"  in  Bloomington  which  had  flourished  for 
years  and  had  been  liberally  patronized  by  Normal  students, 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  163 

was  discontinued,  and  the  Normal  course  became  an  assured 
success.  The  constitution,  remodeled  in  1892,  established  a 
board  of  twenty-five  members,  consisting  each  year  of  such 
members  of  the  board  of  the  preceding  year  as  remained  in 
school  and  such  other  members  as  these  might  select.  Each 
member  of  the  board  was  entitled  to  one  double  set  of  tickets 
free,  but  the  board  took  the  entire  financial  responsibility  of 
the  course.  After  two  years  the  number  of  members  of  the 
lecture  board  was  reduced  to  fifteen. 

Under  the  management  described  above,  annually,  for  sev- 
eral years  excellent  lecture  courses  were  given.  The  course  of 
'93-4  consisted  of  six  numbers,  costing  from  $50  to  $155  each. 
The  next  year  seven  numbers  were  given,  costing  from  $100 
to  $200  each.  The  cost  of  the  courses  given  continued  to  in- 
crease. In  '96-7  an  $1100  course  was  given;  and  for  the  fol- 
lowing two  years  the  entire  expenses  of  the  courses  aggre- 
gated $1200-$  1 300.  The  limited  capacity  of  the  hall  began  to 
present  a  problem.  The  next  year,  '99-00,  in  spite  of  the  de- 
creased attendance  at  Normal  consequent  upon  the  opening  of 
the  new  normals,  and  in  spite  of  the  restoration  of  the  lecture 
course  in  Bloomington,  a  ten-number  course  was  successfully 
given.  The  next  year  the  Inter-State  Lecture  Bureau  instead 
of  the  Redpath  Bureau,  formerly  patronized,  furnished  the 
numbers,  with  the  exception  of  the  oratorical  and  declamatory 
contest,  which  was  one  number  in  the  eight-number  course.  In 
1901-2  seven  entertainments  were  purchased  from  the  Red- 
path  Bureau,  the  contest  again  being  a  number  in  the  course. 
Competition  with  the  Wesleyan  course  and  decreased  attend- 
ance threatened  the  financial  success  of  the  enterprise.  The 
next  year  the  course  was  only  moderately  successful  financi- 
ally; and  in  1903-4  was  not  a  financial  success.  In  the  spring 
of  1904  a  complete  reorganization  was  effected. 

Under  the  present  plan  the  lecture  board  consists  of  thir- 
teen members,  four  of  whom  are  students,  three  members  of 
the  faculty;  of  the  remaining  six,  five  are  pastors  of  Normal 
churches,  and  one  the  superintendent  of  schools.  The  price  of 
season  tickets  has  been  cut  from  the  old  figure  of  $1.75  or 
$2.00  to  $1.00,  and  for  this  sum  it  has  been  found  possible  to 
give  annually  during  each  of  the  last  three  years  seven  num- 
bers. The  oratorical-declamatory  contest  is  no  longer  a  num- 
ber, and  lecture  bureaus  are  not  ordinarily  patronized. 


164  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

ATHLETIC   ORGANIZATIONS. 

As  in  most  Normal  schools,  athletic  interests  at  Normal 
have  had  a  checkered  career.  Football  found  some  devotees 
back  in  the  eighties,  and  baseball  long  before  that  time,  games 
occasionally  occurring  between  organizations  within  the  school 
or  between  a  school  team  and  one  from  the  Wesleyan  or  some 
other  institution.  About  1890  the  practice,  said  to  have  been 
in  vogue  years  before,  of  holding  a  field  day  in  the  spring  was 
revived  and  with  some  omissions,  kept  up  for  several  years. 
Tennis  was  introduced  in  the  spring  of  1890  and  within  a  year 
Normal  had  some  excellent  players.  Early  in  the  nineties 
Normal  was  playing  good  baseball  and  by  the  middle  of  the 
decade  had  one  of  the  best  football  teams  we  have  ever  had. 
The  discontinuance  of  the  high  school  department  gave  ath- 
letics a  set-back,  and  in  later  years  baseball  and  football  have 
had  to  contend  with  a  decreasing  proportion  of  men  students. 
In  September,  1896,  basketball  was  introduced,  and  quickly 
attained  popularity  with  both  sexes.  Systematic  instruction  in 
the  game  by  a  teacher  is  given,  and  Normal  basketball  teams 
from  the  first  to  the  present  have  been  good  ones.  Occasion- 
ally games  have  been  had  with  other  schools,  but  some  of  the 
most  interesting  contests  have  been  between  home  teams.  An 
Athletic  Association,  consisting  of  students  and  members  of 
the  faculty  interested,  has  been  in  existence  now  for  about  ten 
years.  The  association  selects  a  Board  of  Control  and  exer- 
cises a  general  control  over  all  the  athletic  interests  of  the  in- 
stitution. Under  its  management,  with  some  off-years,  both 
baseball  and  football  have  thrived,  and  basketball  has  retained 
continual  popularity.  Tennis  has  languished  somewhat  lately 
but  the  completion  of  additional  clay  courts  may  do  something 
to  revive  interest  in  it.  For  the  last  three  years  track  meets 
have  been  held  with  the  Wesleyan,  Bloomington  Y.M.C.A., 
Bloomington  High  School,  and  Normal  High  School.  Normal 
narrowly  escaped  winning  the  first  two  meets  and  did  win  the 
third.  In  short,  athletic  sports,  considering  the  small  number 
of  men  in  school,  are  fairly  prosperous. 


CHAPTER  XI 

STUDENT  LIFE   IN  THE  TOWN 

BY  ELMER  WARREN  GAVINS,  CLASS  OF  1892 


The  first  class  graduating  from  the  Illinois  State  Normal 
University  had  its  entire  course  in  Bloomington  while  the 
school  was  in  Major's  Hall,  on  East  Front  street.  The  first 
graduating  exercises,  however,  were  held  in  the  new  building, 
not  yet  completed,  at  Normal,  in  the  spring  of  1860. 

When  the  school  was  opened  in  the  new  building  in  the 
fall,  boarding  accommodations  were  inadequate  and  many,  in 
fact  most  of  the  students,  boarded  in  Bloomington.  The  at- 
tendance at  this  time  was  284, — 161  in  the  normal  department. 
For  over  a  year  the  students  living  and  boarding  in  Blooming- 
ton  waded  thru  a  great  deal  of  mud  in  the  low  ground  between 
Bloomington  and  Normal. 

One  morning,  early  in  the  spring  of  1862,  some  young  wo- 
men due  in  their  classrooms  were  found  by  the  ever  vigilant 
President  Edwards  in  the  act  of  drying  their  clothes  and  feet, 
made  wet  by  wading  thru  the  slush.  Miss  Sue  Pike,  impulsive 
like  Peter  of  old,  answered  Dr.  Edwards  with,  "Give  us  a 
day  off  and  we  will  raise  money  enough  to  build  a  sidewalk  be- 
tween Bloomington  and  Normal." 

"I'll  do  it,"  replied  he. 

Whereupon  Miss  Pike  (now  Mrs.  Sue  Sanders,  of  Bloom- 
ington) and  Miss  Hattie  Dunn,  who  graduated  in  1864,  en- 
tered upon  a  canvass,  and  raised  in  one  day  ninety-five  dollars 
in  money,  besides  contributions  of  lumber.  The  following 
Saturday  the  young  men  of  the  school,  by  a  united  effort,  com- 
pleted the  walk.  The  young  women,  too,  were  on  hand  fur- 
nishing the  dinner  and  assisting,  as  Little  Ernest  helped  his 
mother  in  the  story  of  The  Great  Stone  Face,  much  with  their 
little  hands  but  more  with  their  loving  hearts.  A  young  man 


166  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

asked  Miss  Pike  why  she  got  lumber  that  was  green.  "Be- 
cause," replied  she,  "in  contracting  it  will  shorten  the  distance 
between  Bloomington  and  Normal." 

This  sidewalk,  altho  only  two  boards  in  width,  was  a  great 
public  improvement.  It  extended  from  Walnut  street  in 
Bloomington  to  a  point  just  north  of  the  bridge  on  Main  street, 
where  it  connected  with  a  walk  from  Normal  which  had  been 
built  by  the  state.  The  street  car  line  was  not  chartered  un- 
til 1867. 

In  the  earliest  years  of  the  school  in  Normal  there  were  no 
clubs;  students  boarded  in  private  families.  Most  of  the 
houses  first  built  in  Normal  were  large,  and  most  of  the  fam- 
ilies took  boarders,  President  Hovey  himself  having  in  his 
house  a  half  dozen  or  more. 

At  the  beginning  of  Dr.  Edwards'  administration  in  1862, 
there  were  perhaps  not  more  than  fifteen  or  twenty  houses  in 
Normal.  Some  of  the  largest,  as  nearly  as  can  be  ascertained, 
were  owned  by  the  following  persons : 

Pres.  Charles  E.  Hovey  lived  on  Mulberry  street  in  the  house  now 
occupied  by  Captain  Augustine. 

Dr.  E.  C.  Hewett  lived  on  Ash  street  where  Mrs.  Hewett  now  lives. 

Prof.  Ira  Moore  lived  the  first  door  west  of  Dr.  Hewett's  in  a  house 
which  burned  about  1880. 

Hanley  Stewart,  a  retired  farmer,  lived  two  doors  east  of  Dr.  Hew- 
ett's in  the  house  now  owned  by  T.  A.  Brown. 

Wm.  A.  Pennell  lived  in  a  large  house  on  Mulberry  street,  one-half 
block  east  of  the  I.C.R.R.  The  house  burned  in  1897,  the  property  of 
Mrs.  C.  R.  Park. 

Hon.  Jesse  Fell  lived  in  a  large  house  on  the  hill  in  Fell  Park,  now 
opposite  the  home  of  Mrs.  Colton,  but  then  one  block  east,  where  Levi 
Dillon  lives. 

Dr.  Richard  Edwards  built  on  Broadway  the  house  now  owned  and 
occupied  by  A.  L.  Broyhill. 

Mr.  Pierce  lived  on  the  corner  of  Ash  street  and  Fell  avenue,  where 
C.  W.  Cooper  now  lives. 

William  Partridge  lived  in  the  large  brick  house  on  Hovey  avenue, 
in  the  southwest  part  of  Normal,  now  .occupied  by  the  Harriet  Beecher 
Stowe  Institute. 

To  provide  more  adequate  accommodations  for  students, 
the  faculty  early  in  Dr.  Edwards'  administration,  approved  a 
project  for  erecting  a  University  boarding  house.  Dr.  Ed- 
wards was  to  go  before  the  legislature  and  ask  for  the  money. 
But  the  people  of  Normal  protested  so  strongly  that  the  plan 
was  given  up.  Many  of  those  objecting  made  their  living  by 
boarding  students,  and  they  had  taken  a  great  deal  of  pains 
to  make  the  students  comfortable. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  167 

From  that  time  on,  the  town  grew  rapidly.  So  many  new 
houses  had  been  built  near  the  railway  station  that  General 
Hovey,  returning  from  the  war  in  1864,  did  not  recognize  the 
place.  He  got  off  when  the  train  stopped  but  boarded  it  again 
and  the  conductor  had  difficulty  in  convincing  him  that  he  had 
arrived  at  Normal. 

Up  to  1867  there  were  no  churches  in  Normal  and  no  re- 
ligious services  except  in  the  Normal  Hall  on  Sunday  after- 
noons. Ministers  from  Bloomington  took  turns  at  preaching 
in  the  University,  and  the  students  furnished  most  of  the  mu- 
sic. Within  the  next  six  years  four  churches  were  built.  Many 
students  put  in  their  church  letters  and  participated  in  the 
singing,  the  Sunday  school,  and  the  young  peoples'  meetings. 
They  have  been  a  very  considerable  help  in  the  Sunday  school 
of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home,  erected  in  1869. 

As  stated  above,  boarding  was  in  private  families  at  first. 
Only  one  club  existed  in  the  sixties  and  not  many  in  the  seven- 
ties but  in  the  eighties  they  became  quite  popular,  as  they  have 
been  since.  It  is  probably  true  that  during  the  last  thirty  years 
the  majority  of  students  have  boarded  in  clubs.  Notwithstand- 
ing the  insinuations  often  heard  against  club  board,  a  majority, 
and  among  them  some  of  the  best  students,  have  preferred  it, 
not  alone  because  cheaper,  but  on  account  of  the  larger  social 
opportunities.  Prices  for  board  and  rooms  in  Normal  have  al- 
ways been  reasonable  and  much  of  the  time  remarkably  low. 
The  Wells  Club  in  the  early  nineties  got  the  rate  as  low  as 
$1.87  per  week.  A  good  class  of  students  constituted  this  club. 
Other  clubs  at  the  time  were  running  at  about  $2.10.  The 
board  was  considered  fairly  good;  at  least,  there  were  very 
few  withdrawals  on  account  of  scanty  victuals.  The  price  of 
club  board  since  then  has  gradually  appreciated  with  the  in- 
crease of  prices  generally,  until  now  it  is  from  $2.50  to  $2.75 
per  week.  The  number  of  students  in  each  club  has  varied 
from  ten  to  fifty,  the  average  being  perhaps  twenty.  A  notable 
exception  was  the  Allen  Club  during  the  summers  of  1905  and 
1906,  when  it  numbered  almost  or  quite  one  hundred. 

Aside  from  the  interest  of  Normal  students  in  getting 
rooms  and  board  at  moderate  prices,  and  the  share  that  some 
of  them  have  taken  in  church  work,  they  have  shown  but  little 
concern  about  the  affairs  of  the  town.  Indeed,  they  have  sel- 
dom so  much  as  overturned  a  sidewalk  on  Hallowe'en,  or  par- 
ticipated in  a  town  election.  One  exception  should  be  noted. 


168  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

On  the  morning  of  the  school  election  in  March,  1906,  the 
issue  being  on  the  union  of  the  public  schools  with  the  training 
school  of  the  University,  the  "Normal  Notes"  in  The  Panta- 
graph  contained  the  following  menace : 

"Students  attempting  to  vote  will  be  prosecuted." — Signed,  "A.  Lind- 
blad." 

At  the  close  of  general  exercises  a  mass  meeting  was  called 
and  students  old  enough  to  vote,  men  and  women,  eighty  in 
all,  decided  to  assert  their  rights  as  citizens.  Their  votes  were 
challenged  and  sworn  in.  It  is  needless  to  add  that  A.  Lind- 
blad,  whose  candidate  was  beaten,  did  not  waste  any  of  his 
money  prosecuting  students  for  doing  what  they  had  a  per- 
fectly legal  right  to  do.  The  day  was  an  exciting  one,  not 
likely  to  be  forgotten  by  voters  from  the  student  body. 

[Additional  facts  regarding  student  life  will  be  found  in  Chapter 
XIV,  and  in  Part  Two.— Editor.  ] 


DAVID  FELMLEY 
President,  1900 — . 


CHAPTER  XII 


BY  PROFESSOR  J.  ROSE  COLBY 


The  connection  of  this  school  with  journalism  may  be  said 
to  have  begun  before  the  school  itself  came  into  actual  exist- 
ence. The  conference  of  the  friends  of  free  schools,  held  in 
Bloomington  in  December,  1853,  and  resulting  in  the  organi- 
zation of  the  State  Teachers'  Institute,  afterwards  known  as 
State  Teachers'  Association,  declared  itself  in  favor  of  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  state  normal  school,  and,  if  possible,  of  an 
organ  thru  which  the  friends  of  free  schools  could  find  expres- 
sion. As  it  happened,  the  organ  desired  was  secured  first  and 
became  strongly  influential  in  the  establishment  of  the  school. 

The  first  number  of  this  organ  was  issued  in  February, 
1855,  from  the  press  of  Merriam  &  Norris,  at  Bloomington, 
under  the  name  of  The  Illinois  Teacher.  For  eighteen  years 
thereafter  it  maintained  its  identity  under  this  name  in  spite  of 
changes  of  publishers  and  extraordinary  vicissitudes  in  the 
editorship.  Twelve  editors  marked  its  checkered  career  in 
the  first  year  of  its  existence,  most  of  them  prominent  in  the 
movement  for  free  common  schools.  Then  in  succession  came 
Charles  E.  Hovey,  1856-57;  Dr.  Bateman,  1858;  Charles  A 
Dupee  and  Edwin  C.  Hewett,  1859;  Dr.  Willard,  1 860-6 T  ; 
Alexander  M.  Gow,  1862-63;  S.  A.  Briggs,  1864;  Dr.  Rich- 
ard Edwards,  1865-66;  Wm.  M.  Baker,  1867-69;  S.  H. 
White,  1870-71 ;  E.  W.  Coy,  i872-Jan.  1873. 

From  the  first  The  Illinois  Teacher  fought  strenuously  for 
a  normal  school.  Its  paid  agent,  traveling  over  the  state, 
made  it  a  main  part  of  his  business  to  beget  an  interest  in  the 
movement  among  the  teachers  he  met.  He  even  called  to- 
gether meetings  of  teachers  in  various  parts  of  the  state  and 


170  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

secured  from  them  resolutions  favoring  the  establishment  of  a 
normal  school.  Articles  in  the  columns  of  the  journal  urged 
the  same  end.  It  cannot  be  doubted  that  to  the  sentiment  thus 
created  among  teachers  is  largely  due  the  passage  of  the  act 
establishing  this  school. 

The  names  of  the  editors  cited  above  indicate  a  connection 
of  another  kind  between  the  school  and  the  paper.  Presidents 
and  professors  of  the  school  are  among  them,  while  a  list  of 
assistant  editors  would  add  to  these  last  the  names  of  Stetson 
and  Pillsbury.  It  is  interesting  to  note  also  a  kinship  in 
ideas  between  the  views  expressed  in  its  pages  and  some  that 
are  current  with  us  today.  In  February,  1856,  for  instance, 
appeared  an  article  that  might  almost  have  been  written  today, 
since  it  makes  vigorous  appeal  not  only  for  graded  schools, 
long  since  attained,  but  for  something  very  like  what  we  now 
call  consolidated  schools,  with  free  tuition,  free  text-books,  and 
a  library.  Other  articles  advocate  the  introduction  of  music 
into  the  common  schools  and  uniform  text-books  thruout  the 
state.  For  this  last  idea,  uniformity,  we  should  perhaps  hardly 
be  ready  to  stand. 

The  last  number  of  The  Illinois  Teacher  appeared  in  Janu- 
ary, 1873,  with  E.  W.  Coy  as  editor.  In  February  the  paper 
was  sold  to  Aaron  Gove  and  E.  C.  Hewett  and  merged  in  The 
Illinois  Schoolmaster  under  their  editorship.  The  Illinois 
Schoolmaster  was  the  direct  descendant  of  a  little  paper  "with 
an  educational  bias,"  The  Normal  Index,  established  in  1866 
by  E.  D.  Harris,  of  Normal.  The  Index  was  later  sold  to  Mr. 
John  Hull,  alumnus  of  this  school,  then  superintendent  of 
schools  in  McLean  County,  re-named  The  Schoolmaster,  and 
issued  under  the  joint  editorship  of  Mr.  Hull  and  Professor 
Albert  Stetson  of  this  school.  In  May,  1870,  it  passed  into 
the  editorial  hands  of  Professor  Stetson  and  Mr.  I.  S.  Baker, 
principal  of  the  Skinner  School,  Chicago,  was  in  July  removed 
from  Bloomington  to  Chicago  and  issued  as  The  Chicago 
Schoolmaster.  In  May,  1871,  this  paper  was  bought  by  Mr. 
Gove  and  Mr.  Hewett,  Mr.  Gove  becoming  the  editor.  And 
finally,  as  noted  above,  in  February,  1873,  these  two  gentle- 
men who  bought  The  Illinois  Teacher  united  it  with  The  Chi- 
cago Schoolmaster,  and  published  the  united  journals  at  Nor- 
mal as  The  Illinois  Schoolmaster. 

In  1874,  when  Mr.  Gove  went  to  Denver  as  superintend- 
ent of  schools  there,  Mr.  John  W.  Cook  succeeded  to  his  place 
as  joint  editor  and  proprietor  with  Mr.  E.  C.  Hewett.  In  1876 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  171 

Mr.  Cook  became  sole  proprietor  and  editor,  and  in  December 
of  that  year  issued  the  last  number.  The  Illinois  Schoolmaster 
was  then  together  with  a  number  of  other  educational  month- 
lies in  several  of  the  northwest  states,  sold  to  S.  R.  Winchell 
&  Co.,  who  undertook,  at  Chicago,  the  somewhat  hazardous 
enterprise,  for  that  day,  of  publishing  The  Educational  Weekly. 
This  paper  had  an  unusually  strong  list  of  editorial  contribu- 
tors, including  Mr.  Cook  himself  and  Prof.  Edward  Ol- 
ney,  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  but  it  failed  to  maintain 
itself,  and  the  family  of  papers  beginning  with  The  Illinois 
Teacher  in  1854  became  extinct. 

The  school  at  Normal  had  long  found  expression  for  its 
favorite  ideas  thru  the  papers  whose  career  has  thus  been  out- 
lined, and  evidently  missed  this  familiar  means  of  making  its 
influence  felt.  In  1881  two  of  the  faculty  provided  a  new  or- 
gan for  the  propagation  of  the  ideals  of  the  school.  In  May 
of  that  year,  in  Normal,  "E.  J.  James,  Ph.D.,  and  Charles  De- 
Garmo,  editors  and  proprietors,"  issued  number  one,  volume 
one  of  The  Illinois  School  Journal,  a  monthly  magazine  for 
teachers  and  schools. 

This  journal  was  itself  a  continuation  of  The  Educational 
News-Gleaner,  a  paper  worth  noting  as  an  illustration  of  the 
way  history  repeats  itself.  Away  back  in  the  seventies,  it 
seems,  an  educational  speculator  undertook  an  enterprize  which 
very  recently  we  have  seen  repeated  in  a  different  field  but 
with  like  fate — the  issuing  of  the  same  paper  simultaneously 
in  many  states.  The  News-Gleaner  was  the  Illinois  edition  of 
this  paper.  Its  fate  was  not,  indeed,  total  extinction  but  con- 
tinuance under  changed  name  and  character  as  before  noted. 

It  is  worth  noting  that  the  salutatory  of  the  new  School 
Journal  indicated  that  Mr.  James  and  Mr.  DeGarmo  were 
anxious  to  free  their  minds  as  to  certain  "definite  and  firm  con- 
victions on  the  various  subjects  which  [they]  meant  to  dis- 
cuss," and  were  more  anxious  to  find  free  expression  than  to 
secure  assent  to  their  views — a  state  of  affairs  most  promising 
for  an  independent  vigorous  paper.  The  later  careers  of  Dr. 
James  and  Prof.  DeGarmo  are  in  no  small  measure  the  out- 
come of  the  spirit  expressed  in  this  salutatory. 

Alumni  of  the  school  who  recall  their  experience  with  grad- 
uating themes  may  be  interested  in  the  number  for  June,  1881. 
The  present  compiler  had  been  running  thru  an  article,  headed 
"Gems  of  Thought,"  with  a  dazed  feeling  of  previous  acquaint- 
ance with  the  "gems"  before  observing  the  sub-title,  "Taken 


172  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

from  the  Graduating  Themes  at  the  I.S.N.U.,  May  26,  1881." 
Yet  said  compiler's  first  experince  with  I.S.N.U.  graduating 
themes  began  in  1892.  Here  is  one  "gem"  that  may  cause 
some  perplexity  in  the  reader  at  this  late  day :  "Woman  needs 
to  be  educated  if  for  nothing  more  than  to  elevate  the  standard 
of  manhood,  and  when  people  at  large  realize  this  fact  we  shall 
have  no  more  girls  with  lofty  aspirations  and  pure  motives" ! 
It  is  only  fair  to  say  that  most  of  the  citations  were  clearer- 
headed  than  this  one,  and  that  a  close  acquaintance  with  themes 
leads  to  the  suspicion  that  this  quotation  itself  has  accidentally 
lost  a  phrase  running  something  like  this,  "but  without  the 
trained  minds  and  practical  judgment  to  make  these  effective." 

When  Professor  DeGarmo  went  to  Germany,  in  1883, 
Mr.  John  W.  Cook,  then  professor  of  mathematics  here,  bought 
the  paper  and  succeeded  to  the  editorship.  Possibly  the  most 
original  feature  of  the  Illinois  School  Journal  under  his  man- 
agement was  Mr.  William  Hawley  Smith's  "The  Evolution 
of  Dodd."  In  May,  1884,  Mr.  R.  R.  Reeder  joined  Mr.  Cook 
in  the  ownership  and  management  of  the  paper.  This  arrange- 
ment continued  till  November,  1886,  when  the  journal  was 
bought  by  Mr.  George  P.  Brown,  who  published  it  for  three 
years  under  the  old  name,  then  as  The  Public  School  Journal, 
and  more  recently  as  School  and  Home  Education. 

The  Illinois  School  Journal  was  the  last  editorial  venture, 
as  far  as  discovered,  undertaken  by  members  of  the  faculty 
of  this  school.  Possibly  the  explanation  of  this  is  to  be  found 
in  Mr.  Cook's  own  words  with  reference  to  the  Journal  itself : 
"After  a  year  of  oppressive  labor  I  was  joined  by  Mr.  R.  R. 
Reeder  in  the  management  of  the  Journal.  Little  is  to  be  said 
of  our  success.  Financially  it  was  unequivocal.  Educationally 
I  regard  it  as  a  failure.  It  was  the  work  of  hours  that  should 
have  been  devoted  to  rest."  Probably  others  would  dissent 
from  Mr.  Cook's  unfavorable  self-judgment,  but  all  must  rec- 
ognize the  force  of  the  last  statement. 

This  abandonment  of  active  editorial  labors  does  not,  how- 
ever, indicate  that  the  faculty  of  the  school  have  ceased  to  be 
connected  with  journalism.  Members  of  the  faculty  have  been 
active  and  untiring  contributors  to  other  journals  as  well  as  to 
those  named.  Notably  within  the  last  ten  years  they  have 
conducted  various  departments  in  The  School  News,  published 
by  Mr.  Parker,  in  Taylorville,  and  have  contributed  lavishly 
to  its  pages.  The  names  of  Pres.  John  W.  Cook,  Pres.  David 
Felmley,  Mrs.  Lida  B.  McMurry,  Prof.  Elizabeth  Mavity  (now 


RUDOLPH  R.  REEDER 
1883-1893. 


BUEL  PRESTON  COLTON 
1888-1906. 


HERBERT  J.   BARTON  CHARLES    DEGARMO 

1883-1890.  1876-1883;    1886-1890. 

A  GROUP  OF  INFLUENTIAL  TEACHERS 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  173 

Mrs.  Cunningham),  Miss  Lora  Dexheimer,  Miss  Chestine 
Gowdy,  Mr.  Elmer  W.  Gavins,  Mr.  Charles  Whitten,  Prof. 
D.  C.  Ridgley  and  Librarian  Ange  V.  Milner  are  among  those 
most  familiar  to  its  readers. 

Among  the  alumni  of  the  school  there  has  naturally  been 
active  interest  in  educational  journalism  and  other  educational 
literature.  The  Western  Teacher,  published  by  S.  Y.  Gillan, 
an  alumnus  of  the  year  1879  is  well  known.  When  it  is  re- 
membered that  among  the  alumni  of  the  school  are  Pres.  John 
W.  Cook,  Pres.  Edmund  J.  James,  Prof.  Henry  McCormick, 
Dr.  Charles  McMurry,  Dr.  Frank  McMurry,  Prof.  John  A.  H. 
Keith,  Prof.  John  Hall,  Commissioner  of  Education  Elmer  E. 
Brown,  Mrs.  Agnes  Cook  Gale,  Augusta  Eleanor  Root,  Mrs. 
Mary  Hall  Husted,  Mr.  J.  J.  Shepard,  Prof.  Edward  L.  Man- 
ley,  Prof.  Frank  Thorp,  Prof.  T.  J.  Burrill,  Prof.  A.  B.  Wolfe, 
Prof.  John  H.  Gray,  Mr.  C.  C.  Wilson,  Mr.  F.  D.  Barber, 
George  P.  Burns,  Prof.  John  Adams  Scott,  Prof.  Walter  Dill 
Scott,  Prof.  Wm.  J.  Sutherland,  and  Prof.  Andrew  O.  Nor- 
ton, and  that  its  faculty  has  included  besides  those  already 
named  Pres.  C.  C.  VanLiew,  Prof.  Charlton  T.  Lewis,  Prof. 
Thomas  Metcalf,  Chauncey  M.  Cady,  Mrs.  Haney,  Prof. 
Stephen  A.  Forbes,  Professor  Manchester,  E.  W.  Coy,  Prof. 
M.  J.  Holmes,  and  Prof.  B.  P.  Colton,  it  will  be  seen  how 
wide  has  been  the  range  of  its  literary  activity  either  through 
journalism  or  through  books,  and  how  far  reaching  its  influ- 
ence.* 

The  undergraduates  of  the  school  have  started  and  main- 
tained two  noteworthy  publications.  Of  these  probably  the 
more  important  is  The  Vidette,  the  regular  school  paper.  This 
enterprise  started  when  Mr.  C.  C.  Wilson  and  Mr.  J.  J.  Shep- 
pard  were  leading  men  in  the  school,  and  was  largely  due  to 
them.  The  paper  was  originally  a  monthly.  The  first  number, 
issued  in  February,  1888,  bore  the  name  of  M.  Kate  Bigham 
as  editor-in-chief  with  Hanan  McCarrel  as  business  manager. 
Miss  Bigham  served  but  the  one  month  and  was  succeeded  by 
Mr.  Washington  Wilson.  The  earlier  months  and  even  years 
saw  frequent  changes  in  the  editorial  staff,  due  partly,  it  seems, 
to  the  gradual  recognition  of  the  need  of  various  distinct  de- 
partments if  the  life  of  the  school  were  to  be  properly  repre- 
sented, and  partly  to  the  fact  that  originally  new  volumes  be- 
gan with  the  February  number  and  the  editorial  elections  were 
therefore  held  in  the  mid-year.  As  the  editors  were  usually 


*Miss  Colby's  name  belongs  in  this  list  also.  —  Editor. 


174  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

seniors,  or,  if  not,  frequently  did  not  return  in  the  fall,  Sep- 
tember not  infrequently  saw  every  editorial  chair  vacant  and 
special  elections  necessary.  This  difficulty  was  finally  ob- 
viated by  beginning  the  new  volume  with  the  September  num- 
ber and  making  the  editorial  year  coincident  with  the  school 
year.  This  change  was  made  in  1895. 

Among  the  editorial  departments  added  from  time  to  time 
have  been  Societies,  Associations,  Alumni,  Undergraduates, 
Model  School,  Academic,  Exchange,  Locals,  Woman's  World, 
Assistant  Editor,  Official  News,  and  Athletics,  while  the  num- 
ber on  the  editorial  staff,  aside  from  the  board  of  control,  has 
mounted  sometimes  to  twenty. 

Among  the  prominent  names  connected  with  The  Vidette 
in  one  editorial  capacity  or  another  have  been  C.  C.  Wilson, 
J.  J.  Sheppard,  R.  R.  Reeder,  Agnes  Cook,  Grace  A.  Sealey, 
F.  D.  Barber,  W.  S.  Wallace,  Frederick  G.  Mutterer,  J.  A. 
Strong,  Jessie  J.  Bullock,  Jesse  Black,  C.  M.  Echols,  Helen 
Taylor,  Bertha  Denning,  A.  B.  Wolfe,  Oliver  Dickerson,  Wil- 
liam A.  Otto,  Geo.  W.  Wright,  Jessie  J.  Simmons,  Jas.  A.  Fair- 
child,  A.  H.  Melville,  Ruth  David,  Perry  Hiles,  Abe  Newton, 
Carl  Waldron,  Geo.  B.  Kendall,  Ira  Wetzel,  Bertha  Olsen,  Ida 
Church,  Edna  Coith,  L.  O.  Gulp,  Fred  Telford,  Otto  E.  Rein- 
hart.  Next  year  is  to  see  Miss  Essie  Chamberlain  editor-in- 
chief,  with  Mr.  Ira  W.  Dingledine  business  manager.  The 
volume  for  1906-07  saw  The  Vidette  changed  to  a  weekly. 

The  Vidette  has  thruout  reflected  more  or  less  closely  the 
life  of  the  school.  Naturally,  therefore,  with  changes  in  that 
life  The  Vidette  has  changed.  The  literary  and  pedagogical 
significance  of  the  paper  loomed  larger  in  the  minds  of  the 
earlier  editors  than  of  the  later.  Evidently  also  the  two  great 
literary  societies  were  more  vital  features  of  the  school  life 
than  at  present.  Their  proceedings  were  at  all  events  reported 
with  more  fullness  and  seem  to  have  been  uniformly  of  a  more 
serious  character.  On  the  other  hand,  various  interests  now 
extremely  important  in  the  school  seem  scarcely  to  have  ex- 
isted in  the  earlier  years.  Chief  of  these  are  music  and  athlet- 
ics. It  is  pleasing  to  see  how  firm  a  foothold  music  has 
achieved,  how  it  has  added  at  every  point  to  the  pleasure  and 
profit  of  the  life  here.  Contests  have  increased  in  number  or 
rather,  except  for  the  Inter-Society  contest,  changed  in  char- 
acter. The  earlier  volumes  of  The  Vidette  reported  Inter- 
Class  contests  and  Ciceronian-Sapphonian  contests  where  now 
we  have  the  Oratorical  and  Declamatory  contests,  the  Inter- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  175 

Normal  and  Inter-State  Oratorical  contests,  and  the  Oshkosh 
Debate. 

Social  life  has  gained  more  recognition  of  late  in  The 
Vidette  and  in  this  probably  The  Vidette  merely  reflects  a 
change  in  the  school.  The  so-called  "Grind"  is  almost  the 
only  form  of  social  entertainment  named  in  the  earlier  years. 
Gradually  we  find  class  banquets,  Ciceronian  receptions,  Sap- 
phonian  receptions,  Debating  Club  receptions,  Faculty  recep- 
tions to  various  sections,  receptions  and  various  forms  of  social 
entertainments  by  individual  members  of  the  faculty  and 
school,  and  President's  receptions,  social  and  otherwise,  re- 
ported. The  gymnasium,  too,  has  multiplied  forms  of  social 
amusement,  partly  of  a  purely  social  sort,  partly  at  once  social 
and  instructive.  Of  late  athletic  matters  have  gained  more 
importance  in  the  school. 

Special  numbers  of  The  Vidette  have  had  a  marked  inter- 
est. The  Inter-Society  contests  have  usually  had  a  number  to 
themselves.  For  a  previously  uninformed  reader  it  would  oc- 
casionally be  a  little  hard,  however,  to  tell  from  The  Vidette 
which  side  was  victor.  In  several  instances  it  has  taken  a  close 
search  to  find  the  winners  in  the  several  members  of  the  con- 
test. This  curious  lapse  in  clearness  is  apparently  due  to  the 
editor's  and  contributor's  taking  it  for  granted  that  their  read- 
ers know  the  fact  beforehand.  Other  sorts  of  special  numbers 
have  been  taken  up  with  accounts  of  the  Christian  Associa- 
tions, Commencements,  and  Summer  Schools.  A  number  of 
peculiar  but  mournful  interest  contained  an  account  of  the 
havoc  wrought  in  campus  and  streets  by  the  storm  of  June 
10,  1902. 

The  class  of  1892  in  their  senior  year,  seeking  a  fit  memo- 
rial, established  The  Index,  which  has  since  been  issued  as  a 
senior  annual.  This  has  had  the  usual  character  of  class  an- 
nuals. It  has  given  statistics  of  various  sorts  concerning  the 
various  student  enterprises,  serio-comic,  mostly  comic,  accounts 
of  classes  and  class  affairs,  jokes  on  the  faculty  and  on  indi- 
vidual students,  revelations  of  secrets  hitherto  know  only  to 
the  favored  few,  or  originating,  for  purposes  of  publication,  in 
the  brains  of  the  writers.  It  has  been  the  outlet  for  repressed 
spirits,  the  opportunity  for  sheer  fun,  and  very  seldom  the 
voice  of  resentment.  It  has  contained  articles  of  serious  worth 
also,  in  which  the  progress  of  the  school  has  been  noted,  and 
the  lives  of  its  various  presidents  have  been  recorded.  And 
sometimes  it  has  had  to  record  sorrows,  which,  occurring  in 
the  life  of  the  school,  are  at  once  public  and  private. 


176  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

The  volumes  have  been  variously  dedicated,  the  first  one  "To 
the  World's  Fair  Seniors;"  later  numbers  "To  the  President, 
ex-Presidents,  and  Faculty  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  Uni- 
versity ;  to  the  alumni  and  former  students To  all  who 

shall  find  in  these  pages  cause  for  pleasure,  exultation,  gratifi- 
cation or "  Evidently  the  editors  of  that  number,  1893, 

meant  not  to  be  partial  ;"To  all  ever  connected  with  the  school 
as  teachers  or  students;  "To  the  Memory  of  Our  Beloved 
Professor  Emeritus  Thomas  A.  Metcalf ;"  "To  the  Hon.  John 
P.  Altgeld,  Governor  of  Illinois,  A  Friend  of  Education ;"  "To 
the  Fortieth  Anniversary  of  the  I.S.N.U. ;"  "To  Our  Boys 
Who  Have  Gone  to  War  in  Behalf  of  the  Cuban  Republic;" 
"To  President  John  W.  Cook ;"  "To  President  Arnold  Tomp- 
kins ;"  "To  David  Felmley,  A.B.,  Scholar,  Teacher,  Friend ;" 
"To  Our  Vice-President,  Henry  McCormick,  A.M.,  Ph.D., 
Our  Friend  and  Teacher ;"  "To  nymphs  and  fairies  that  haunt 
the  halls  and  cherubs,  too,  of  the  practice  school ;"  "To  Henry 
McCormick,  Our  Honored  Vice-President,"  and  "To  Geo.  H. 
Howe." 

The  current  number  of  The  Index,  not  out  at  this  writing, 
it  is  understood  will  be  of  a  somewhat  different  character,  with 
more  serious  artistic  and  literary  features. 


CHAPTER  XIII 
THE  CELEBRATIONS  OF  THE  SCHOOL 

BY  PROFESSOR  MANFRED  J.  HOLMES 

THE  QUARTER-CENTENNIAL,  CELEBRATION, 
AUGUST  24  AND  25,  1882 

The  first  twenty-five  years  in  the  history  of  the  Illinois 
State  Normal  University  were  the  years  of  struggle  for  ex- 
istence and  the  struggle  for  recognition.  At  the  close  of  this 
period  the  Normal  School  had  proved  the  validity  of  its  own 
existence  as  a  necessary  supplement  and  auxiliary  to  the  public 
school  system;  and  by  its  single-minded  fidelity  to  its  dis- 
tinctive function,  it  had  also  won  highly-deserved  public  rec- 
ognition. Convincing  evidence  that  these  statements  are 
historically  correct  is  found  in  the  fact  that  the  people  of  Illi- 
nois had  decided  to  invest  in  another  school  of  the  same  kind ; 
in  the  fact  that  hundreds  of  the  most  devoted,  capable,  and 
enthusiastic  teachers  of  the  State  of  Illinois  had  got  their 
training  and  inspiration  at  the  Normal  University ;  and  in  the 
further  fact  that  the  demand  for  such  teachers  was  steadily 
increasing. 

Such  results  had  been  possible  only  thru  the  faith,  the  sa- 
gacity, the  heroic  and  able  efforts  of  the  founders  and  early 
teachers  of  the  school.  This  quarter  century  almost  exactly 
coincides  with  the  first  twenty-five  years  of  a  bona  fide  system 
of  elementary  education  in  Illinois,  and  it  is  easy  to  see  that 
the  Normal  University  addrest  itself  to  the  problem  of  mak- 
ing elementary  education,  as  it  was  then  conceived  in  Illinois 
yield  a  maxium  of  value  to  the  state.  This  was  not  a  period 
of  educational  "fads"  or  new  movements  in  elementary  edu- 
cation, but  the  "methods"  of  the  Normal  University  set  the 
standards  in  advance  of  the  general  practice  and  thus  led  while 
it  served. 


178  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

These  results  could  not  have  been  accomplished  without 
much  self-sacrifice.  This  was  the  heroic  period  of  the  school's 
history,  and  therefore  the  quarter-centennial  anniversary  was 
a  fitting  time  to  celebrate ;  not  by  any  means  simply  because  it 
marked  the  end  of  the  first  quarter  century,  but  because  it 
closed  a  more  or  less  distinctive  epoch  in  the  history  of  the 
school.  The  character  and  several  features  of  this  celebration 
are  well  shown  in  Mr.  Cook's  account  on  pages  227-229  of 
Cook  and  McHugh's  History  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal 
University.  That  account  has  a  flavor  that  can  hardly  be 
created  by  one  who  was  not  a  part  of  the  event ;  so  it  is  here 
largely  reproduced. 

THE  CELEBRATION 

Arrangements  having  been  perfected,  the  exercises  began  on  the  even- 
ing of  August  24.  After  a  cornet  solo,  by  Charles  Lufkin,  General  Hovey, 
now  residing  in  Washington,  D.  C,  delivered  an  address.  The  weather 
was  very  unfavorable,  but  the  speaker  was  greeted  by  a  large  and  enthusi- 
astic audience,  many  of  whom  had  been  identified  with  the  early  history 
of  the  school. 

On  Friday  morning  the  assembly  room  was  crowded  to  its  utmost 
capacity  by  a  happy  throng  of  old  students,  pioneer  workers  in  educa- 
tional enterprises  in  the  state,  and  prominent  citizens  of  Normal  and 
Bloomington.  Nearly  an  hour  was  spent  in  having  a  good,  old-fashioned 
sociable.  The  early  classes  were  well  represented.  Harvey  Button  and 
Lizzie  Carleton  had  journeyed  up  from  Missouri.  Logan  Holt  Roots  had 
forgotten  his  banks  and  railroad  schemes,  and  Mexican  telephones,  and 
was  there,  the  happiest  of  the  happy.  Anna  Grennell  Hatfield  paid  the 
school  her  first  visit  since  her  graduation  eighteen  years  ago.  These  and 
scores  of  others  had  returned  to  the  familiar  halls  rendered  sacred  by  hal- 
lowed associations,  to  greet  old  mates  and  renew  their  allegiance  to  their 
"cherishing  mother."  Charles  E.  Hovey  was  there,  quiet  and  grave  as  of 
old,  but  with  a  twinkle  of  joy  in  his  eyes  that  spoke  more  than  volumes. 
Richard  Edwards  was  the  center  of  a  boisterous  group  of  his  boys  and 
girls,  and  he  the  youngest  of  them  all,  while  E.  C.  Hewett,  the  shortest 
in  stature  but  the  longest  in  service,  put  to  shame  all  of  his  previous  at- 
tempts at  wit  and  hilarity. 

Thomas  Metcalf  broke  his  vacation  off  at  the  short  end  to  be  on  hand, 
and  Albert  Stetson,  his  co-worker  for  twenty  years,  was  nowise  behindhand 
in  promoting  the  general  fun.  Hon.  Newton  Bateman,  grown  gray  in  the 
service,  laid  aside  his  cares  for  a  day  to  greet  old  friends  and  join  in  the 
general  rejoicing.  Father  Roots,  Hon.  Charles  T.  Strattan,  Hon.  Thomas 
F.  Mitchell,  Dr.  E.  R.  Roe,  Hon.  Robert  Brand,  and  many  others  whose 
names  are  familiar  to  Normal  students,  were  in  the  audience.  At  ten 
o'clock,  President  Walker  called  the  assembly  to  order  and  announced  the 
following  order  of  exercises : 

Piano  solo,  Mrs.  Flora  M.  Hunter ;  address,  Dr.  Edwards ;  reading 
of  Henry  Norton's  paper,  by  John  W.  Cook;  piano  duet,  Mrs.  Flora  M. 
Hunter,  Miss  Minnie  Potter;  address,  W.  L.  Pillsbury;  address,  E.  C. 
Hewett.  At  three  o'clock,  the  alumni  business  meeting  was  held  in  the 
Philadelphian  Hall.  The  chief  item  of  interest  was  a  subscription  to  pro- 
vide a  memorial  for  the  lamented  Howell,  as  suggested  by  Mr.  Pillsbury 
in  his  address.  In  a  few  minutes  a  sufficient  sum  was  collected  to  insure 
the  success  of  the  movement.  A  committee  consisting  of  Silas  Hays  and 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  179 

Captain  Burnham  from  the  alumni,  and  Dr.  Hewett  from  the  faculty,  will 
have  the  whole  matter  in  charge. 

The  event  of  events  was,  of  course,  the  banquet.  Miss  Flora  Pennell, 
of  the  executive  committee,  had  that  part  of  the  work  under  her  supervision. 
The  executive  committee  asked  Miss  Carrie  Pennell,  an  under-graduate 
living  in  the  village,  to  prepare  the  supper.  She  undertook  the  task  and 
the  successful  manner  in  which  it  was  accomplished  was  a  matter  of  uni- 
versal comment.  At  six  o'clock  the  procession  filed  into  the  room,  the 
alumni  taking  their  places  at  the  tables  by  classes.  The  guests  were  seated 
along  the  south  side,  facing  north,  and  on  the  outside  of  the  side  tables. 
John  W.  Cook,  of  the  class  of  1865,  acted  as  master  of  ceremonies.  When 
all  were  seated,  Dr.  Edwards  asked  the  blessing,  and  the  assembled  com- 
pany, two  hundred  and  twenty  in  number,  entered  upon  the  serious  busi- 
ness of  the  evening — the  discussion  of  the  numerous  delicacies  spread  be- 
fore them.  After  this  part  of  the  business  had  been  disposed  of,  the  toasts 
were  in  order. 

Governor  Cullom  had  indicated  his  intention  to  be  present,  but  was 
taken  sick  in  the  train  and  was  obliged  to  return  to  Springfield.  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor  Hamilton  was  on  hand,  however,  and  responded  to  the 
toast,  "A  true  and  tried  friend  of  popular  education."  Dr.  Bateman  was 
"toasted"  as  "the  man  who  first  gave  the  schools  of  Illinois  a  national  rep- 
utation," but  the  doctor  had  been  obliged  to  return  to  Galesburg  on  the 
afternoon  train.  The  sentiment,  however,  was  greeted  with  loud  cheers. 
"Our  venerable  friend,  the  president  of  the  State  Board  of  Education, — 
for  a  full  half  century  the  light  of  Egypt,"  brought  Father  Roots  to  his 
feet  for  a  characteristic  speech  of  ten  minutes.  Judge  Reeves  responded 
to  the  toast,  "The  Bar — the  last  resort  of  the  school-master."  The  class 
toasts  and  speakers  were  as  follows :  "Our  First  Born — the  Class  of  '60," 
E.  A.  Gastman;  "The  Class  of  '61,"  J.  H.  Burnham;  "The  Class  of  '62," 
Logan  H.  Roots;  "The  Class  of  '65,"  O.  F.  McKim;  "The  Class  of  '66," 
Sarah  E.  Raymond ;  "The  Class  of  '68,"  Henry  McCormick ;  "The  Class 
of  '70,"  Joseph  Carter.  Hon.  Jesse  W.  Fell  and  Hon.  A.  J.  Merriman  were 
expected  to  tell  "How  McLean  County  got  the  Normal  School."  Mr.  Fell, 
however,  was  unexpectedly  called  to  Iowa  three  days  before  the  meeting. 
It  was  a  serious  disappointment  to  him  and  to  the  company,  for  his  activ- 
ity in  securing  the  location  is  generally  understood.  Judge  Merriman  was 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  in  1857,  and  with  his 
associates,  Hiram  Buck  and  Milton  Smith,  made  the  county  appropriation 
of  $70,000.  The  judge  also  had  the  distinguished  honor  of  laying  the 
corner  stone  of  the  building.  Speech-making,  however,  is  not  in  his  line, 
and  so  Dr.  E.  R.  Roe  told  the  story  in  his  stead,  and,  at  its  conclusion 
responded  to  the  toast:  "Our  Early  Teachers."  General  Hovey  was  called 
upon  to  let  us  know  "how  the  building  was  erected,"  but  instead,  spoke 
as  follows : 

An  intimation,  more  or  less  plainly  stated,  has  several  times  been 
made,  tending  to  show  that  the  first  presiding  officer  of  this  institution  was 
substantially  its  founder,  and  that,  at  least,  the  buildng  could  not,  or  would 
not,  have  been  built  at  the  time  it  was  without  him. 

I  am  glad  of  an  opportunity  to  speak  of  these  matters,  and  I  may 
claim,  I  suppose,  without  challenge,  that  I  was  part  of  them.  Right  or 
wrong,  the  chief  place  in  the  beginning  fell  to  me,  and,  with  it,  came  an 
opportunity  of  influencing  the  trend  of  affairs  in  the  institution,  and,  to 
some  extent,  out  of  it.  I  had  done  what  I  could  to  bring  about  the  legisla- 
tion which  set  the  school  in  motion.  Here,  again,  the  accident  of  position* 
at  the  critical  time  enabled  me  to  know  and  do  what  would  otherwise  have 
been  impracticable.  My  advice  as  to  plans  for  the  proposed  building  was 
generally  followed,  and  my  services  in  and  about  its  erection  came  to  be 


*Hovey  was  president  of  the  State  Teachers'  Association,  and  editor  of  its  "organ" 
at  the  time. 


180  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

in  considerable  demand  before  it  was  completed.  But  it  would  be  a  mis- 
take to  say  that  the  Normal  University  owes  its  establishment,  or  conduct 
afterwards,  to  any  one  man  or  set  of  men.  It  was  the  outgrowth  of  the 
ideas  and  wishes  of  a  majority  of  the  people  of  Illinois,  formulated  and 
uttered  by  a  large  number  of  persons,  and  by  at  least  two  influential  state 
associations.  Professor  Turner  and  the  Industrial  League  blazed  the  way, 
but  they  did  not  found  the  Normal  University.  The  State  Teachers'  As- 
sociation followed  and  secured  for  it  a  hearing,  but  the  association  did  not 
found  it.  Father  Roots  tells  you  that  Simeon  Wright  was  the  man  who 
did  the  business,  and  I  think  myself  his  services  were  indispensable,  but 
it  would  hardly  be  correct  to  say  that  he  was  the  Atlas  of  the  enterprise. 
The  first  superintendent  of  public  instruction  elected  by  the  people,  assisted 
in  drafting  the  bill,  but  he  did  not  enact  it  into  law.  His  successor,  the 
honored  president  of  Knox  College,  stood  guard  over  its  interests  at  the 
gateway  of  danger  for  many  years,  and  took  care  ne  quid  detrimenti  Nor- 
malis  Universitas  capiat,  but  even  he  was  not  the  sole  Fidus  Achates. 
Hon.  S.  W.  Moulton,  Hon.  C.  B.  Denio,  Dr.  Calvin  Goudy,  and  a  majority 
of  both  Houses  of  the  Legislature,  voted  for  the  Normal  University  Act, 
and  Governor  Bissell  signed  it,  but  they  were  not  the  founders  of  the  in- 
stitution; and  yet,  without  each  and  all  of  these,  I  do  not  see  how  it  could 
have  been  established  at  the  time  it  was,  and  as  it  was.  Each  was  a  link 
in  the  golden  chain,  but  only  a  link. 

Nor  do  I  see  how  it  could  have  been  located  in  McLean  county  without 
Jesse  W.  Fell;  and  yet  Jesse  Fell  did  not  bring  it  here.  A  very  modest 
and  worthy  citizen  (Judge  Merriman),  who  appears  to  be  listening  to  me 
from  a  corner  of  the  table  to  my  right,  and  two  other  McLean  county  men 
(Messrs.  Buck  and  Smith),  were  the  heroes  of  that  act.  They  took  the 
responsibility  and  risk  to  themselves,  politically,  of  involving  the  county  in 
a  debt  of  seventy  thousand  dollars  to  secure  the  location  of  the  institution 
here.  That  act  of  theirs  required  a  high  degree  of  moral  courage,  and 
entitles  them  to  a  seat  on  the  upper  bench  at  the  head  of  the  table,  along 
with  Jesse  Fell.  But  even  these  men  must  consent  to  a  division  of  the 
honors.  Back  of  them  stood  the  people  of  Bloomington  with  their  sub- 
scription paper.  Without  this  paper,  Jesse  Fell  and  the  County  Court 
would  have  had  "to  throw  up  the  sponge"  and  yield  gracefully,  no  doubt, 
to  Peoria. 

Nor  did  Asahel  Gridley  risk  any  money  in  loans  for  erecting  the  build- 
ing, though  my  friend,  Colonel  Roe,  gives  him  credit  for  making  advances. 
True,  Colonel  Gridley  furnished  some  money  for  that  purpose,  but  not  a 
dollar  came  over  the  counter  of  his  bank  until  he  had  been  amply  secured 
by  the  promissory  notes  of  citizens.  Such  men  as  S.  W.  Moulton,  Jesse 
and  Kersey  Fell,  Charles  and  Richard  Holder,  Edwin  C.  Hewett,  Joseph 
A.  Sewell,  Charles  E.  Hovey,  and  others  whom  I  do  not  at  this  moment 
recall,  signed  the  notes.  The  banker  risked  nothing,  and  lost  nothing,  but 
gained  interest.  The  men  who  signed  the  notes  took  the  risk.  But  the 
merchants  of  Bloomington  stand  on  a  different  footing.  They  did  take 
risk.  They  gave  the  contractor  for  erecting  the  building,  Mr.  Soper,  credit, 
to  a  large  amount  in  the  aggregate,  with  no  other  security  than  my  promise 
to  see  them  paid  whenever  there  was  anything  to  pay  with.  They  trusted 
the  enterprise,  and,  to  that  extent,  risked  their  advances,  and  I  take  liberty 
to  invite  them  to  a  seat  on  a  bench  a  little  higher  up  than  the  banker's  pew. 

I  must  not  leave  this  subject  without  naming  the  committee  of  the 
Board  under  whose  supervision  this  edifice  was  erected.  They  were  Hon. 
S.  W.  Moulton,  chairman;  Hon.  C.  B.  Denio,  Dr.  George  P.  Rex,  Hon. 
N.  W.  Edwards,  Hon.  William  H.  Powell,  Prof.  Daniel  Wilkins,  and 
Charles  E  Hovey. 

Mr.  Chairman,  if  you  have  been  listening  to  me,  I  think  you  are  be- 
ginning to  see  that  a  goodly  number  of  people  have  been  engaged,  at  one 
time  or  another,  in  one  way  or  another,  in  founding  this  great  school,  and 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  181 

in  building  its  house.  Nor  did  one  man  make  its  course  of  study,  nor 
plan  and  limit  its  scope,  nor  give  to  the  work  so  mapped  out  that  impulse 
which  has  thus  far  swept  over,  or  brushed  aside,  all  adverse  obstacles. 
True,  there  was  at  first,  as  there  has  been  since  and  must  continue  to  be, 
a  head.  Somebody  must  decide  and  direct,  and  the  questions  at  the  outset 
of  any  enterprise,  which  clamor  for  settlement,  are  often  numerous,  and 
generally  important.  But  the  first  principal  was  not  left  to  solve  these 
problems  unaided.  In  addition  to  C.  M.  Cady,  Dr.  E.  R.  Roe,  and  Rev. 
L.  P.  Clover,  special  instructors,  and  Charlton  T.  Lewis,  Samuel  Willard, 
Chauncey  Nye,  and  Miss  B.  M.  Cowles,  employed  from  time  to  time,  any 
or  all  of  whom  he  could  call  upon  for  information  and  counsel, — I  say, 
in  addition  to  these,  the  first  principal  had  the  good  fortune  to  have  asso- 
ciated with  him,  as  co-laborers,  Ira  Moore,  Leander  H.  Potter,  Edwin 
C.  Hewett,  and  Joseph  A.  Sewell.  A  principal  surrounded  by  such  men 
need  not  set  up  for  himself,  or  put  on  airs,  or  assume  that  he  is  the  only 
considerable  person  on  the  premises.  They  were  the  peers  of  anybody  in 
the  profession.  The  principal  had  the  benefit  of  their  knowledge  and  ex- 
perience in  determining  the  course  to  be  pursued  and  in  formulating  work 
to  be  done.  These  men  made  their  mark  on  the  school.  I  should  not 
wonder  if  it  could  be  pointed  out  even  now.  But  they  did  not  make  the 
school  what  it  is  now.  Presidents  Bass  and  Edwards,  and  their  associates, 
came  later,  it  is  true,  but  they  served  longer,  and  with  no  doubtful  success. 
The  proofs  are  all  around  me  tonight.  Their  good  deeds  have  been  re- 
corded, and  were  read  to  you  this  morning.  I  do  not  see  how  anybody 
can  wipe  out  that  record,  and  it  is  one  on  which  they  can  afford  to  stand. 
But  even  these  men  and  women  must  be  content  with  having  done  a  part. 
They  did  not  do  everything.  After  them  came  President  Hewett  and  his 
associates,  who  are  moving  forward,  bearing  aloft  the  old  banner,  inscribed 
with  mottoes  indicating  reliance  upon  plain,  unpretentious,  common-school 
work.  I  believe  they  are  conducting  this  great  school  with  judgment  and 
efficiency.  I  know  Edwin  Hewett  ranks  high  among  the  normal  school 
teachers  of  America.  But  neither  Hoyey,  nor  Bass,  nor  Edwards,  nor 
Hewett,  nor  all  of  them  and  their  associates  combined,  have  made  this  in- 
stitution what  it  has  grown  to  be.  I  will  throw  in  the  Board  of  Education, 
Father  Roots,  and  all,  and  still  I  say  there  is  an  omission.  The  students 
must  be  added.  They  have  carried  the  Normal  University  to  a  thousand 
school  rooms  all  over  the  State,  and  have  taught  its  classes  there.  I  look 
upon  them  as  non-resident  professors.  They  have  played  no  inconsiderable 
part  in  the  work  of  the  institution.  I  have  not  attempted  to  keep  track  of 
them,  and  what  I  happen  to  know  has  come  to  me  incidentally.  But  right 
before  me  is  a  well-known  man  who  has  been  in  charge  of  Decatur's  public 
schools  for  twenty  years ;  this  morning  a  paper  was  read  from  a  professor 
in  California's  Normal  School;  a  moment  ago  a  soldier,  as  well  as  teacher, 
addressed  you;  "shake,"  comes  over  the  wires  from  the  head  school  man 
in  Denver;  in  front  of  me  sits  a  citizen  who,  in  addition  to  teaching,  has 
twice  represented  his  district  in  Congress ;  to  my  left  sits  a  lady  who  for 
some  years  has  been  superintendent  of  public  schools  in  Bloomington.  A 
few  years  ago,  at  the  reunion  of  the  society  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee, 
in  Chicago,  a  note  was  handed  in  to  me,  signed  by  a  familiar  name.  I 
went  out,  and  there  met  a  remarkable  woman  in  looks  and  attainments,  a 
physician  and  professor  of  physiology  in  the  Woman's  College.  I  must 
not  detain  you  by  further  recitals.  All  these,  and  a  thousand  more,  are 
your  boys  and  girls.  They  are  the  links  in  the  silver  chain  that  binds  this 
school  to  the  common  schools  of  the  State.  But  I  must  stop.  I  beg 
pardon  for  detaining  you  so  long. 

Dr.  Edwards  told  "How  the  building  was  filled,"  and  Dr.  Hewett 
"How  it  is  kept  full."  Hon.  Thomas  F.  Mitchell,  the  staunch  friend  of 
the  school  in  the  Legislature,  told  "Where  we  get  our  munitions  of  war." 
He  was  followed  by  Hon.  Charles  T.  Strattan,  the  member  of  the  house 


182  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

from  Mt.  Vernon.  "The  Normal  University  abroad,"  was  responded  to 
by  E.  J.  James,  Ph.D. 

At  the  close  of  the  exercises,  General  Hovey  arose  and  stated  that  it 
had  been  his  pleasure  to  attend  a  good  many  banquets  at  one  time  and  an- 
other, but  that  he  had  never  seen  one  in  which  the  arrangements  were  more 
complete  nor  in  better  taste.  This  opinion  was  evidently  the  sentiment  of 
all  present,  as  it  was  received  with  loud  applause.  At  eleven  o'clock,  after 
five  hours  of  solid  enjoyment,  the  formal  part  of  the  exercises  closed,  and 
the  quarter-centennial  celebration  passed  into  history.  Many  lingered  an 
hour  longer  saying  good-byes. 

All  agreed  that  the  celebration  was  an  unqualified  success.  The  early 
.trains  on  Saturday  bore  away  most  of  the  visitors,  and  the  institution 
settled  down  again  to  the  routine  duties  that  have  made  it  what  it  is. 
There  was  a  general  desire  expressed  that  a  similar  meeting  should  be  held 
at  least  as  often  as  once  in  three  or  four  years,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that 
at  least  as  early  as  the  thirtieth  anniversary  there  will  be  a  gathering  that 
will  surpass  the  meeting  of  1882. 

THE  FORTIETH  ANNIVERSARY  CELEBRATION, 
JUNE  22  AND  23,  1897 

Under  date  of  May  20,  1897,  the  first  general  notice  was 
issued  regarding  the  celebration  of  the  fortieth  anniversary  of 
the  founding  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University.  It  does 
not  appear  that  any  special  occasion  called  forth  this  celebra- 
tion. As  one  looks  back  upon  the  event,  however,  a  special 
value  does  appear.  It  proved  to  be  the  last  time  that  all  the 
presidents  of  the  school  could  be  together  to  behold  the  rich 
results  of  their  labors,  and  justly  participate  in  the  joy  and 
gratitude  of  so  marked  a  triumph  of  a  great  popular  cause. 
Later  celebrations  will  surely  not  fail  to  reveal  these  noble  per- 
sonalities enshrined  in  the  grateful  memory  of  the  people  of 
Illinois,  nor  to  give  them  places  of  honor. 

The  best  history  is  that  in  which  the  actors  themselves 
speak.  As  far  as  possible,  therefore,  this  account  of  the  forti- 
eth anniversary  celebration  will  be  given  in  the  words  of  its 
promoters  and  the  speakers  chosen  to  represent  the  various 
ideas  and  interests  made  prominent  on  that  occasion. 

The  first  exercises  of  the  celebration  were  held  in  Normal 
Hall,  Tuesday  evening,  June  22.  It  was  a  reminiscent  pro- 
gram and  produced  two  distinct  effects :  It  was  highly  valued 
and  enjoyed  by  those  present  who  represented  by-gone  days  in 
the  life  of  the  Normal  University,  and  it  proved  instructive  to 
the  present  generation  of  students  and  transmitted  to  them  the 
traditional  spirit  and  ideas  that  have  marked  the  character  of 
this  school. 

Enoch  A.  Gastman,  of  the  class  of  1860,  spoke  on  "The 
Early  Teachers  of  the  Normal  School."  His  talk  was  wholly 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  183 

from  personal  experience  and  consisted  largely  of  interesting 
anecdotes  characteristic  of  the  different  early  teachers.  Those 
receiving  most  prominent  mention  were  the  first  president, 
General  Hovey,  Ira  Moore,  John  Hull,  Joseph  Howell,  and 
Charlton  Lewis.  The  reports  of  this  talk  are  meager  and  un- 
satisfactory. Lewis  was  the  young  Yale  graduate  who  was  a 
superb  scholar  and  already  a  learned  man.  He  stayed  but  one 
term,  much  to  the  regret  of  the  girls  of  the  school.  General 
Hovey  was  "the  hero  that  laid  the  foundations  and  built  so 
well."  He  had  sound  business  principles  and  a  courage  to 
venture.  Mr.  Gastman  told  how  Hovey  "squelched"  the  "writ- 
ing rebellion,"  and  how  he  once  delivered  a  vigorous  "philip- 
pic" against  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education  for  criticising 
the  institution.  In  speaking  of  Ira  Moore,  who  was  one  of 
the  most  impressive  teachers  of  the  first  years  of  the  school, 
Mr.  Gastman  said :  "Among  the  early  teachers  of  the  school 
no  man  ranks  higher  than  Ira  Moore.  I  desire  to  say  that  if 
I  have  had  any  success  in  life,  more  of  it  is  due  to  the  influ- 
ence of  this  teacher  than  to  any  other  man  in  the  world  except 
my  father.  He  possessed  in  a  remarkable  degree  the  power 
to  select  the  essential  points  in  a  subject  and  put  his  pupils  in 
possession  of  them.  His  judgment  was  clear  and  accurate  and 
it  was  impossible  for  careless  work  or  thinking  to  escape  him." 

Capt.  J.  H.  Burnham  of  the  class  of  1861,  spoke  on  "The 
Early  Students  of  the  Normal  School."  He  quoted  from 
"Norton's  letter"  see  (Chapter  xiv)  to  show  what  a  normal 
student  looked  like  and  was  like  in  the  early  day.  He  gave  con- 
siderable attention  to  the  students  that  went  to  war.  "The  old 
war  flag  of  the  Normal  boys  who  went  to  the  front  was  placed 
upon  the  speaker's  stand,  and  three  stands  of  old  colors  stood 
against  the  back  wall  of  the  stage.  These  were  tenderly 

handled They  were  such  touching  reminders  of  the  past 

that  all  felt  the  silent  swell  of  heart  and  closing  throat  as  the 
sight  of  the  flags  brought  back  to  memory  or  framed  in  the 
imagination  some  of  those  terrible  days  and  what  they  brought 
years  ago."  (Vidette,  vol.  9,  No.  10.) 

"We  who  entered  the  Normal  in  early  times  had  to  have 
considerable  faith  in  the  future.  We  did  not  realize  as  you 
can  what  brilliant  educational  careers  are  possible  for  persons 
of  ability  and  proper  qualification.  There  were  but  few  posi- 
tions in  prospect  that  paid  over  eight  hundred  dollars  a  year." 

In  concluding  Mr.  Burnham  said:  "Nearly  twelve  hun- 
dred graduates,  improved  by  discipline  and  strong  moral  ideals, 
have  gone  out  from  this  school  into  the  service  of  the  state  of 


184  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

Illinois.  Large  numbers  have  proved  themselves  teachers  of 
a  high  grade  of  culture,  and  leaders  of  educational  thought  of 
a  superior  order.  They  have  become  centers  from  which  have 
been  poured  streams  of  educational  influence  forcing  their  way 
against  the  mass  of  ignorance  that  still  surrounds  us.  They 
have  continued  their  professional  development  and  their  final 
results  will  be  in  harmony  with  the  highest  ideals  of  the 
greatest  educators  of  the  world." 

"The  Administration  of  Dr.  Edwards"  was  the  topic  of 
Dr.  Charles  DeGarmo  of  the  class  of  1873.  The  speaker's 
historical  survey  of  this  period  of  the  school's  history,  espe- 
cially his  eulogy  of  Ex-President  Edwards,  was  worthy  of 
preservation.  He  revealed  the  conditions  under  which  the 
school  labored  in  those  days  and  the  kind  of  work  and  men  and 
women  which  were  needed  to  prove  the  necessity  and  value  of 
a  school  for  the  training  of  teachers.  Speaking  of  Prof. 
Thomas  Metcalf,  Dr.  DeGarmo  said:  "His  life  and  service 
lasting  thru  many  administrations  was  a  golden  thread  bind- 
ing them  all  together.  His  face  hangs  in  the  hallway;  and 
every  man  or  woman  that  looks  into  that  pure  countenance 
cannot  but  be  inspired  to  do  better  things." 

In  closing  Dr.  DeGarmo  paid  a  personal  tribute  to  his  old 
teacher,  Dr.  Edwards :  "But  the  principal  picture  of  all  I  have 
hardly  mentioned  yet.  It  is  Dr.  Edwards.  He  taught  me 
many  things,  but  after  all  what  he  taught  me  was  not  what  did 
me  the  most  good.  To  look  into  his  face  and  receive  inspira- 
tion therefrom,  the  longing  to  do  right,  to  pursue  one's  duty, 
was  a  lesson  even  more  profitable.  I  owe  to  him  more  than  to 
any  other  living  man  the  inspiration  to  higher  effort." 

"The  Administration  of  Dr.  Hewett,"  by  Miss  Olive  Satt- 
ley,  was  mainly  a  eulogy  of  a  master  by  a  devoted  and  appreci- 
ative disciple.  "Were  I  asked  to  characterize  Dr.  Hewett  in 
one  word  that  word  would  be  'genuineness.'  His  love  of 
truth,  his  hatred  of  sham  and  deception  were  the  leading  and 

lasting  impressions  received  by  those  who  knew  him  best 

His  oft-repeated,  'Speak  nothing  but  the  truth  of  the  dead  or 
the  living'  is  known  to  all. 

"As  a  teacher  he  was  without  a  superior.  Indeed,  I  never 
had  more  than  one  other  who  was  his  equal  in  clearness  of 
thought  and  conciseness  of  expression.  As  president  he  per- 
petuated and  emphasized  the  best  traditions  he  had  received 
from  his  predecessors,  while  his  thoroness  and  careful  work  in 
every  direction  increased  the  hold  of  the  institution  upon  the 
community  at  large In  his  relations  with  the  other  mem- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  185 

bers  of  the  faculty  Dr.  Hewett  had  the  admirable  quality  of 
allowing  them  the  freest  and  fullest  scope  in  their  work." 

In  addressing  the  members  of  the  faculty  under  whose 
teaching  she  graduated,  Miss  Sattley  said:  "Well  as  we  re- 
member the  facts  you  taught  us  in  the  classroom,  yet  much 
more  vivid  is  our  recollection  of  those  things  you  taught  us 
when  you  were  not  teaching.  Not  teaching?  Yes.  There 
was  no  professor  of  fatherly  counsel,  motherly  solicitude,  of 
kindness,  of  gentleness,  of  high  ideals  and  noble  purposes; 
yet  you  taught  them  more  than  anything  else." 

Mr.  Arthur  Bassett  and  the  old  Wrightonian  quartet  fur- 
nished some  highly  acceptable  musical  numbers  for  the 
evening  program.  The  members  of  this  quartet  were  S.  F. 
Parsons,  Joseph  G.  Brown,  Arthur  O.  Norton,  and  James  A. 
Hodge. 

The  anniversary  session  was  opened  at  9:35  a.  m. 
Wednesday,  June  23,  Prof.  Henry  McCormick  presiding.  In 
order  to  keep  the  school  work  going  on  while  the  celebration 
exercises  were  in  progress,  a  huge  tent  had  been  pitched  on  the 
lawn  just  south  of  the  main  building.  Here  the  morning  ses- 
sion was  held.  Owing  to  the  ominous  appearance  of  the  sky, 
and  the  muttering  of  thunder  during  the  early  morning  the 
attendance  was  not  as  large  as  was  expected,  but  a  good  audi- 
ence gathered  and  the  meeting  proved  to  be  both  valuable  and 
enthusiastic.  Musical  numbers  were  given  between  the  ad- 
dresses. The  speakers  were  Richard  Edwards,  Edwin  C. 
Hewett,  S.  W.  Moulton,  Charles  E.  Hovey,  Mrs.  Sarah  Ray- 
mond Fitzwilliams,  and  Thomas  J.  Burrill. 

Dr.  Edwards  spoke  first  on  the  subject  of  "Horace  Mann 
and  the  Normal  School  Idea."  He  said  that  Horace  Mann 
belonged  to  the  true  aristocracy  of  the  race.  The  great  work 
of  his  life  he  accomplished  in  the  Massachusetts  State  Board 
of  Education.  The  public  schools  were  of  low  grade.  Mr. 
Mann  resolved  something  should  be  done  for  those  who  could 
not  attend  private  schools,  that  the  free  schools  should  be 
raised,  by  raising  the  qualifications  of  the  teachers.  The  work 
must  be  done  by  the  state-  He  seemed  to  win  few  battles  but 
finally  at  the  completion  of  the  first  normal  school  his  address 
was  a  song  of  triumph.  In  our  day,  the  normal  school  craft 
is  an  ocean  steamer,  constructed  and  managed  scientifically, 
and  it  sails  with  triumphant  success.  But  in  Mann's  day  it  was 
a  crude  boat  and  her  course  was  against  the  current.  I  think 
it  may  be  said  that  Horace  Mann  possessed  all  three  of  the 
forms  of  power — enthusiasm,  sagacity,  and  organization.  He 
was  a  belated  Puritan. 


186  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

In  closing  Dr.  Edwards  paid  a  glowing  tribute  to  Hon. 
S.  W.  Moulton,  who  was  present. 

Dr.  E.  C.  Hewett  spoke  next  on  "Nicholas  Tillinghast  and 
the  Bridgewater  Normal  School."  He  said  that  Tillinghast 
was  a  New  Englander,  educated  at  West  Point.  He  served 
on  the  frontier.  In  1840  he  was  in  a  high  school  in  Boston, 
and  from  there  was  called  to  Bridgewater  as  the  first  head  of 
the  normal  school.  In  person  slight,  he  had  a  soldier's  dignity. 
He  was  stern,  reserved,  not  fluent  in  speech.  In  character 
every  inch  a  man,  honest,  truthful,  firm  as  a  rock  in  the  right. 

The  experiment  of  founding  a  normal  school  was  first  tried 
in  Massachusetts.  The  first  was  in  1839;  tne  Bridgewater 
was  the  third.  For  several  years  in  inconvenient  quarters,  the 
course  was  meager  and  scholars  more  so.  In  1846  the  school 
was  housed  in  a  $6000  wooden  structure — the  first  normal 
school  building  on  the  continent.  Five  years  later  I  became 
a  pupil.  The  founder  of  Bridgewater  Normal  was  called 
"Father"  Tillinghast.  What  was  his  power?  To  my  mind  it 
was  due  more  to  the  man  that  what  he  said  or  did.  He  was 
always  friendly — no  effusion,  gush  or  honey;  but  we  felt  his 
friendship.  He  was  truthful,  open,  honest  in  all  his  actions. 
One  would  as  soon  suspect  Gabriel  of  a  trick  as  Father  Tilling- 
hast. He  was  conscientious  in  everything,  self-sacrificing, 
exact  in  his  works  and  words.  Several  stories  were  told  to  il- 
lustrate his  power  of  cutting  speech.  He  was  exacting  as  he  was 
exact.  He  had  the  good  sense  to  help  by  self-help.  The  body 
of  Nicholas  Tillinghast  has  rested  for  forty  years  on  the  slope 
where  we  laid  him.  Many  of  you  never  heard  his  name. 
Why  should  I  speak  his  name?  Because  Ira  Moore,  Richard 
Edwards,  Thomas  Metcalf,  Albert  Stetson,  and  your  speaker, 
were  his  pupils.  Because  more  than  one  hundred  years  of  in- 
struction have  been  put  into  this  institution  by  the  pupils  of 
Nicholas  Tillinghast.  His  name  will  live  forever  in  the  Illi- 
nois State  Normal  University. 

There  was  a  great  ovation  of  applause  when  President 
Cook  introduced  Charles  E.  Hovey,  the  first  president  of  the 
Normal  University.  General  Hovey  was  in  very  feeble  health 
and  spoke  with  trembling  voice,  but  was  listened  to  with  in- 
tense interest.  He  said  one  of  the  early  questions  was  why  he 
had  adopted  the  name  of  "university,"  instead  of  the  simple 
name  of  normal  school.  He  recalled  the  astonishment  the  an- 
nouncement had  created  as  made  by  him  in  a  New  Jersey  con- 
vention. The  first  institution  in  the  history  of  man  that  bore 
the  name  of  university  was  at  Salerno,  Italy,  a  thousand  years 
ago.  It  was  a  medical  school.  The  next  was  a  professional 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  187 

school  at  Bologna,  for  lawyers.  In  the  early  days,  therefore, 
the  term  university  was  applied  to  professional  schools.  Now 
we  were  getting  up  another  school  for  another  profession,  so 
we  called  it  a  university.  Why  not?  In  fact  it  was  a  neces- 
sity. The  legislature  would  not  appropriate  funds  to  a 
"school."  Therefore  it  remained  only  to  call  it  a  college  or 
a  university.  Of  these  two  terms  all  reason  pointed  to  "uni- 
versity" as  the  better  term  and  it  was  chosen.  There  was  also 
a  practical  reason — there  was  a  great  faction  in  the  state  de- 
termined to  have  an  industrial  university;  they  wanted  the 
Seminary  Fund,  and  of  course  we  wanted  it  too.  So  we  com- 
promised with  them  and  got  the  name.  General  Hovey  then 
pictured  the  future  of  the  institution,  saying  that  when  its  age 
had  grown  to  that  of  other  notable  institutions  we  shall  see 
wonders  here.  He  spoke  of  the  work  of  the  first  board, — their 
discretion  and  foresight  in  keeping  out  of  the  lines  of  sectarian 
division.  At  the  close  General  Hovey  received  another  ovation. 
Extracts  from  Judge  Moulton's  address — "An  old  soldier 
often  repeats  his  battles,  his  achievements,  and  victories.  I 
feel  the  greatest  love  and  respect  for  those  who  helped  me  and 
you  forty  years  ago.  This  day  recalls  precious  memories.  Of 
the  original  fourteen  members  of  the  board  but  three  remain 
today — General  Hovey,  John  R.  Eden,  and  the  speaker.  Prior 
to  1854  the  common  schools  were  unsatisfactory  in  every  way. 
The  school  funds  did  the  schools  no  good — subscriptions  sup- 
ported the  teachers.  The  constitution  of  1848  provided  a 
2-mill  school  tax.  We  were  poor  in  those  days  and  there  was 
little  to  tax.  In  1854  I  had  the  honor  of  being  the  chairman 
of  education  in  the  Illinois  House,  and  I  had  the  pleasure  to 
introduce  a  free  school  bill,  which  was  the  foundation  for  all 
the  system  of  free  schools  in  Illinois.  This  bill  recognized  the 
right  of  every  community  to  afford  means  of  education  to  all 
children.  The  bill  became  a  law  February  15  ,1855.  There 

was  great  prejudice  against  this  law The  great  lack  of 

the  schools  in  that  day  was  trained  teachers.  The  machinery 
was  all  in  shape  except  the  teachers.  That  part  could  be  made 
possible  only  by  the  establishment  of  a  normal  school.  An  act 
for  the  founding  such  a  school  was  past  February  18,  1857. 
I  knew  these  men  (the  members  of  the  first  board  of  educa- 
tion) and  they  were  the  choice  men  of  Illinois.  C.  B.  Denio 
was  a  brick-layer,  but  he  stood  up  for  the  right  always.  So 
with  the  others — all  great  men.  [Judge  Moulton  then  read  a 
section  of  the  act  laying  down  the  purposes  of  the  university.] 
The  opposition  to  such  a  university  was  great.  The  great 


188  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

struggle  was  as  to  whether  the  colored  people  should  receive 
any  benefits  of  the  school  law  and  the  university  act.  In  the 
school  act  of  1854,  the  word  'white'  was  before  'children.'  It 
remained  in  the  normal  act,  and  was  only  removed  after  the 
civil  war. 

As  to  the  location  of  the  proposed  normal  university, 
Judge  Moulton  said:  'The  bill  provided  for  competition  in 
the  whole  State.  When  the  board  met  in  Peoria  to  open  the 
bids,  there  were  four  propositions,  one  each  from  Batavia, 
Washington,  Peoria,  and  Bloomington.  The  pledge  of 
Bloomington  was  the  best,  being  $141,000.  The  site  was  then 
an  open,  naked  prairie.  Now  it  is  the  most  beautiful  spot  in 
Illinois.  The  board  held  its  first  meeting  March  26,  1857,  and 
almost  constantly  afterwards.  The  legislature  made  an  ap- 
propriation to  build  the  university.  It  was  completed  by  sub- 
scription, the  total  gifts  being  $200,000 "  [The  speaker 

then  related  the  grievous  difficulties  of  the  work  of  construc- 
tion.] "At  one  time  when  the  board  was  $10,000  in  debt,  the 
members  went  as  individuals  and  borrowed  the  money  to  pay 
the  bills."  [Hovey,  Denio,  and  Moulton  signed  the  notes,  and 
next  day  on  summing  up  the  property  of  the  three,  there  was 
not  over  $1000  to  pay  the  debt  if  sold  under  the  hammer]. 
Moreover  the  State  disowned  the  board  at  its  darkest  days; 
but  when  the  institution  had  acquired  $200,000  and  wide- 
spread fame,  then  the  state  took  us  in. 

"The  Board  was  fortunate  in  the  selection  of  the  faculty 

thruout  its  history The  university  has  been  exceptionally 

free  from  political  and  religious  disturbances "  Mr. 

Moulton  paid  glowing  tributes  to  General  Hovey  and  other 
'fathers  of  the  school.'  In  closing  he  said  he  would  be  pres- 
ent at  the  fiftieth  anniversary  and  make  a  speech. 

Mrs.  Sarah  Raymond  Fitzwilliam  spoke  on  "The 
Women  of  the  Normal  School."  She  recited  an  original 
parody  on  Holmes'  "Last  Leaf,"  which  was  a  neat  bit  of  verse. 
She  then  continued  in  a  charming  style  to  discuss  the  Normal 
women.  Women  have  a  genius  for  teaching.  The  modern 
woman — her  active  business,  her  education,  her  clubs —  is 
a  different  being  from  the  mild-eyed  creature  of  a  century 
ago.  We  rejoice  that  emancipation  is  at  hand.  More  and 
more  the  advance  of  society  is  adjusting  the  mind  to  the 
new  order  of  things.  Particularly  as  to  woman's  position,  the 
change  is  wonderful.  The  women  of  the  Normal,  16,000  have 
received  instruction  here,  1200  of  whom  graduated.  What 
must  be  the  influence  of  such  a  body?  The  women  of  this  in- 


IWJNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  189 

stitution  have  much  to  be  proud  of.  The  state  will  gladly 
give  its  financial  support  to  such  an  institution.  The  tone  and 
character  of  the  community  is  elevated  by  the  women  of  the 
Normal, — their  influence  is  broader  than  the  schoolroom.  To 
individualize  would  be  unjust,  but  proud  are  we  of  the  names 
and  fame  of  our  women.  Great  changes  have  taken  place  in 
pedagogics  since  1865,  and  the  Normal  is  a  leader  in  all  these. 
Proud  and  grateful  to  thee,  your  daughters  drink  to  the  health 
of  their  alma  mater. 

We'll  drink  to  her  past  and  future,  too, 
With  thanks  for  woman's  place  with  you. 
Tho  scattered  ere  the  setting  sun, 
Our  home  is  here,  our  hearts  are  one. 

Dr.  Burrill  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  was  the  last 
speaker.  He  told  an  interesting  story  of  how  he  first  came  to 
Normal,  which  then  contained  no  postoffice,  no  business 
houses.  Letters  were  carried  from  Bloomington  by  Dennis 
Hall.  He  told  of  the  early  corps  of  instructors,  and  was  full 
of  interesting  reminiscences.  He  recalled  Professor  Metcalf's 
first  appearance.  Hewett,  Sewell,  Edwards,  Metcalf — what 
a  quartet !  No  monuments  are  erected  to  them,  but  in  their  in- 
fluence upon  the  state,  no  names  are  more  honored.  Dr.  Bur- 
rill  recalled  the  characteristics  of  the  student  body  of  that  time. 
The  students  of  that  time  took  only  two  meals  a  day.  Text- 
books were  provided  by  the  school.  There  was  no  library  un- 
til 1863,  when  $500  was  appropriated  for  books.  Dr.  Burrill 
was  first  librarian.  After  his  reminiscences  Dr.  Burrill  paid 
a  glowing  tribute  to  the  influence  of  the  Normal  University. 
The  literary  societies  joined  in  the  general  celebration  of  the 
fortieth  anniversary.  The  Philadelphia!!  exercises  were  held 
June  22,  at  3  130  o'clock  in  Normal  Hall.  The  Wrightonians 
held  their  meeting  in  the  big  tent  on  Wednesday  afternoon. 
The  many  reminiscences  of  contest,  strategy,  war,  and  love, 
and  the  revival  of  the  "hard  times"  of  primitive  beginnings 
furnished  one  of  the  most  entertaining  features  of  the  celebra- 
tion. Careful  and  thoro  preparation  had  been  made  well 
ahead  of  time,  and  all  plans  were  carried  out  with  great  success. 
No  report  was  made  of  the  Wrightonian  meeting,  but  we  can 
judge  something  of  its  character  from  that  of  the  Phila- 
delphian.  The  Vidette  of  June,  1897,  says  of  the  Philadelphian 
reunion,  "The  most  remarkable  event  of  the  term  was  the  re- 
union held  in  the  large  hall,  June  22.  The  hall  was  crowded 
and  much  enthusiasm  was  there  awakened  by  thrilling  bits  of 
early  history  told  by  loyal"  members.  The  five  minutes  al- 
lotted them  was  invariably  too  brief." 


190  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

"After  the  meeting  was  called  to  order Mr.  J.  Dickey 

Templeton  was  introduced  as  master  of  ceremonies.  He 
walked  upon  the  stage  holding  a  tallow  candle  which  he  al- 
lowed to  shed  light  upon  the  scene  in  commemoration  of  the 
fact  that  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  society,  held  in  the  Major 
Block,  Bloomington,  October  9,  1857,  a  tallow  candle  was  the 
only  means  of  illumination." 

"At  least  twenty-five  speakers  were  called  on  during  the 
evening  and  the  audience  was  kept  in  an  uproar  by  Mr.  Tem- 
pleton's  inimitable  humor.  After  a  brief  search  three  persons 
were  found  who  belonged  to  the  society  in  1857 :  E.  A.  Cast- 
man,  Mrs.  Christian,  and  Mrs.  A.  D.  Guild 

"Twelve  ex-presidents  were  discovered  and  marched  to  the 
platform " 

"A  song  written  by  Miss  Esther  Sprague  and  sung  at  the 
dedication  exercises  of  the  present  hall,  July  2,  1861,  was  sung 
to  the  tune  of  America." 

The  celebration  exercises  culminated  in  the  banquet  on 
Wednesday  evening.  Plans  had  been  brewing  for  the  greatest 
social  event  known  in  the  school's  history.  No  limit  was 
placed  as  to  who  or  how  many  should  be  present  except  that 
the  privilege  of  attending  was  for  friends  of  the  school.  About 
375  persons  were  seated.  The  program  called  for  about 
twenty  responses  to  toasts.  Mr.  L.  A.  Chase,  "Our  Mutual 
Friend,"  was  toastmaster.  The  subjects  and  persons  respond- 
ing were : 

"The  University  of  Illinos" Pres.  A.  S.  Draper 

"The  Board  of  Education" Judge  W.  H.  Green   (Absent) 

"Thomas   Metcalf" Dr.   Edwards 

"The  Church  and  Education" Rev.  J.  J.  Burke 

"The  State  of  Illinois" Hon.  James  A.  Rose 

"Charles  Francis  Childs" Dr.  Hewett 

"The  Boys  and  Girls  of  the  '6o's" William  Hawley  Smith 

"The  Normal  School  and  the  Fortieth  General  Assembly" 

Hon.  A.  J.  Scrogin 

"Patriotism"  Hon.  James  F.  O'Donnell 

"The  Philadelphian  Society" J.  D.  Templeton 

The  Wrightonian  Society" Charles  L.  Capen,  Esq. 

"The  Normal  School  and  the  War" General  Hovey 

"The  Present  Student  Body" Chester  M.  Echols 

"The  Normal  School  in  the  Early  Seventies" Hon.  Owen  Scott 

The  Students  and  the  People  of  Normal" Rev.  E.  B.  Barnes 

The  Teachers  of  Illinois" Hon.  S.  M.  Inglis 

"The  Normal  School  and  the  Lawyer" Hon.  E.  R.  E.  Kimbrough 

"The  Normal  School  of  the  Future" Dr.  Charles  De  Garmo 

"The  Modern  College" Dr.  R.  O.  Graham 

"The  Botanist"  Dr.  T.  J.  Burrill 

'JThe   Press". .    J.   B.   Bates 

"Our  President" Letters  and  telegrams  read  by  President  Cook 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  191 

Closing  song : 

"Then  old  and  young  together  stand, 

The  sunshine  and  the  snow, 
As  heart  to  heart  and  hand  to  hand 
We  sing  before  we  go." 

The  banquet  had  been  announced  for  five  o'clock,  but  the 
company  was  not  seated  until  six.  It  was  a  feast  of  joy  and 
good  will,  lasting  over  five  hours,  and  a  happy  ending  of  the 
celebration  of  the  fortieth  anniversary. 

This  celebration  attracted  much  attention,  and  was  no- 
ticed in  the  editorials  of  some  of  the  leading  newspapers.  The 
Chicago  Inter-Ocean,  commenting  on  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  Chicago  Club  of  I.S.N.U.,  said :  "The  former  students  and 
friends  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University  propose  to  cele- 
brate on  May  29  the  fortieth  anniversary  of  the  founding  of 
that  institution.  The  celebration  will  consist  of  an  afternoon 
and  an  evening  session,  with  addresses,  etc.,  appropriate  to  the 
occasion. 

"The  Illinois  State  Normal  University  is  the  oldest  public 
educational  institution  in  Illinois.  It  has  educated  a  very  large 
proportion  of  the  leading  teachers  of  the  public  school  system 
of  the  State,  and  has  had  a  very  wide  educational  influence  up- 
on education  thruout  the  Mississippi  valley.  It  ranks  among 
the  best  institutions  of  its  class  in  any  country,  and  is  an  in- 
stitution in  which  every  citizen  of  Illinois  should  take  pride 
and  interest." 

The  Daily  Pantagraph  under  date  of  June  23,  1897,  has 
the  following: 

"The  fortieth  anniversary  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University  now 
being  celebrated  is  an  event  of  the  deepest  importance  to  the  thousands, 
far  and  near,  who  have  come  within  its  influence.  The  occasion  has  called 
together  many  of  those  who  took  part  in  the  founding  of  the  institution, 
among  them  Gen.  Charles  E.  Hovey,  its  first  president.  To  these  honored 
pioneers  in  the  work  of  normal  training  in  the  west  the  cause  of  popular 
education  owes  a  debt  of  lasting  gratitude.  They  broke  the  ground,  and 
planted  and  tilled,  as  did  the  farmers  of  that  early  day,  tho  in  a  different 
field.  Human  destiny  was  the  field  they  worked,  and  sacrifice,  and  zeal 
and  love  for  humanity  were  the  forces  employed.  What  a  harvest  has 
come  forth  from  the  labors  of  these  devoted,  far-seeing  men !  There  is 
no  numbering  nor  calculating  the  blessings  their  work  has  wrought  out 
for  the  race.  Into  every  county  of  our  great  State,  and  into  every  com- 
munity of  every  county,  has  the  influence  of  the  Normal  School  extended. 
No  one  can  put  a  limitation  upon  the  forces  exerted  by  the  teachers  who 
for  four  decades  have  gone  out  year  after  year  from  the  normal  halls  to 
do  service  in  the  cause  of  rational  education.  Their  work  has  permeated 

the  whole  social  structure The  people  acknowledge  it.     They  have 

cheerfully  endowed  and  will  generously  maintain  a  school  that  trains 
teachers  in  the  work  of  instructing  their  children  in  all  that  tends  to  a 
more  intelligent  and  useful  manhood  and  womanhood.  All  pleasure  and 
joy  to  the  honored  educators  who  have  gathered  to  celebrate  this  fortieth 
anniversary  of  the  Normal." 


CHAPTER  XIV 
REMINISCENCES 

A  Letter  Twenty-five  Years  Old. 

DEAR  OLD  FRIENDS: 

To  my  home  on  the  summits  of  these  Santa  Cruz  hills,  by 
the  Pacific,  has  come  an  invitation  to  write  a  few  words  upon 
the  days  when  we  dwelt  and  worked  together.  I  was  not  ex- 
actly a  beginner  with  the  Normal  University.  I  entered  in  the 
autumn  of  1858,  and  found  myself  decidedly  a  junior,  com- 
pared with  a  group,  grave  and  reverend,  of  the  real  pioneers. 
John  Hull,  Joseph  Howell,  Enoch  Gastman,  Hayes,  Ridlon, 
Augusta  Peterson,  Sally  Dunn,  Fannie  Washburn,  Edward 
Philbrook,  whose  hair  parted  in  the  middle,  these  were  in  the 
front  rank  of  years  and  honors.  We  who  entered  in  those 
September  days  of  1858,  felt  small  and  insignificant  beside 
them.  We  were  daily  convened  in  the  upper  story  of  Major's 
Hall.  I  suppose  that  these  younger  generations  of  Normalites 
are  not  aware  that  such  a  building  ever  existed.  The  walls  of 
the  old  house  were  rickety,  and  iron  girders,  with  huge  S's  at 
the  ends,  held  in  place  the  brick  masonry.  Our  assembling 
room  was  the  third  story.  In  the  second  story  were  recitation 
rooms,  rather  dark,  and  ill-adapted  to  our  needs.  Grocery  and 
hardware  stores  occupied  the  first  floor.  The  building  was 
heated  by  a  coal  stove  in  each  room,  and  as  Illinois  coal  is 
gaseous  and  explosive,  the  stove  doors  were  frequently  blown 
open,  with  loud  sounds  and  clouds  of  yellow  smoke.  C.  E. 
Hovey  was  principal  in  those  days,  but  Ira  Moore  was  the  one 
most  directly  in  charge.  Dr.  Willard,  looking  very  pale  and 
frail,  soon  began  to  open  his  wonderful  budget  of  philological 
knowledge.  Hewett  came  within  a  month  after  my  arrival, 
I  think.  He  was  a  small  man  with  a  big  head,  in  those  days. 
He  had  very  demonstrative  boot  heels,  and  especially  hated 
cats,  and  went  to  sleep  in  Baptist  meetings.  He  used  to  give 
us  prodigious  lessons  in  history  and  geography.  He  couldn't 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  193 

draw  maps,  but  made  us  draw  very  nice  ones.  I  remember  his 
geography  lessons,  even  unto  this  day.  The  names  of  the 
branches  of  the  Amazon,  the  forms  and  heights  of  the  Andean 
and  Himalayan  plateaus — these  are  mine  yet,  and  will  be  to 
all  eternity.  My  history  work  has  not  staid  with  me  so  well. 
There  was  once  a  slight  unpleasantness  between  my  class  and 
their  teacher  as  to  how  General  Greene  got  away  from  Corn- 
wallis.  It  was  quite  a  double-and-twisted  business  anyhow, 
and  we  inwardly  vowed  that  we  wouldn't  learn  it.  The 
teacher  gave  us  hard  words  and  low  marks,  but  our  obstinate 
stupidity  won  the  day.  I  am  still  densely  ignorant  as  to 
whether  it  was  the  Chickahominy  or  the  Nile  that  rose  and  fell 
in  such  a  miraculous  fashion,  for  the  discomfiture  of  the  Brit- 
ish. Come  to  think  of  it,  may  be  it  wasn't  Greene  and  Corn- 
wallis  after  all.  It  tires  me  to  recall  the  matter.  At  any  rate, 
somebody  got  away  from  some  other  fellow,  and  we  wouldn't 
and  didn't  learn  the  particulars,  and  Professor  Hewett  con- 
sidered us,  very  justly,  a  pack  of  ninnies. 

We  were  called  section  "C"  for  awhile.  There  was  a  sec- 
tion B,  including  Burnham,  Edward  Waite,  Fanny  Grennel, 
Peleg  R.  Walker,  and  others ;  a  class  which  had  entered  some 
months  before  us,  but  they  were  soon  incorporated  with  us. 
Gove,  from  Boston,  John  T.  Curtis,  Sophie  Crist,  C.  J.  Gill, 
Harvey  Button,  Moses  Morgan — these  stand  out  very  con- 
spicuously upon  the  tablet  of  memory  as  entering  when  I  did. 
I  had  a  peculiar  psychological  experience  with  Gove.  It  was 
a  case  of  hate  at  first  sight.  He  was  very  slim  in  those  days, 
had  a  big  nose,  and  used  to  laugh  at  people  who  made  mis- 
takes. I  regarded  him  for  some  time  with  a  silent,  unspeak- 
able hatred.  Well,  time  mended  all  that.  After  these  twenty- 
four  years,  I  send  love  to  Gove,  whom  I  hated;  to  Button, 
whom  I  quarreled  with;  to  Joseph  Howell  and  Augusta  Pet- 
erson, whom  I  respected  and  yet  felt  it  my  duty  to  regard  with 
a  certain  dislike,  because  they  were  Philadelphians.  From 
their  heights  of  spirit-life  may  a  benediction  be  wafted  down, 
even  to  us,  who  struggled  hard  to  make  the  name  of  Simeon 
Wright  immortal ! 

There  were  two  literary  societies  in  those  days.  It  is 
strange,  but  true,  that  the  members  used  to  quarrel.  We  had 
contest  meetings,  joint  debates,  and  various  occasions  of  con- 
flict. After  our  removal  into  the, "new  building,"  we  impov- 
erished ourselves  and  incurred  heavy  debts,  in  order  to  buy 
better  furniture  and  more  books  than  the  people  of  the  other 
society.  On  the  door  of  the  Wrightonian  Hall  was  a  motto, 


194  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

painted  in  blue  and  gold,  "Sapere  Aude."  It  was  the  occasion, 
to  the  Philadelphians,  of  many  irreverent  and  disrepectful 
puns.  As  a  loyal  Wrightonian,  I  trust  that  this  motto  has 
disappeared,  and  that  the  Brussels  carpet,  gay  with  yellow 
roses,  which  reduced  us  all  to  bankruptcy  who  were  concerned 
in  purchasing  it,  has  been  replaced  by  the  bounty  of  a  younger 
and  wealthier  generation. 

In  1858,  Bloomington  had  a  population  of  some  7000  peo- 
ple. In  winter,  its  streets  were  a  sea  of  mud.  "Come  over 
here,"  once  shouted  Professor  Wilbur,  the  geologist,  to  Uncle 
Sim  Wright,  across  the  street.  "I  can't,"  was  the  answer; 
"between  thee  and  me  there  is  a  great  gulf  fixt."  Teams  were 
daily  mired  down  in  the  principal  streets.  There  was  a  place 
called  Pone  Hollow,  allusions  to  which  were  particularly  in 
order,  if  anyone  would  be  called  facetious.  The  crossings 
there  were  particularly  dreadful  when  the  long  rains  drenched 
the  prairies. 

"The  gunpowder  plot"  was  enacted  in  Major's  Hall.  Gove 
had  organized  a  band  of  nocturnal  serenaders,  called  the 
"Squallers."  They  used  to  go  about  with  an  awfully  dis- 
cordant orchestra  of  willow  whistles.  To  blow  these  beneath 
the  lattice  of  a  slumbering  maiden,  was  to  induce  in  her  spasms 
of  palpitating  fear  and  agony.  The  Squallers  were  wont  to 
meet  in  Mr.  Hovey's  office,  not  to  rehearse,  but  to  form  their 
plans.  One  of  the  boys  had  observed  this,  and  longed  to  know 
what  it  all  meant.  He  took  into  his  confidence  one  Burnham, 
who  wickedly  betrayed  him  to  the  Squallers.  Their  plans 
were  duly  laid.  Hidden  in  a  box  in  the  room,  the  inquiring 
youth  heard  the  particulars  of  a  plot  which  caused  his  "knotty 
and  combined  locks  to  part,  and  each  particular  hair  to  stand 
on  end" — no  less  a  scheme  than  the  blowing  up  of  the  old 
building  with  gunpowder,  in  order  to  expedite  the  construction 
of  the  new  one!  The  very  box  in  which  the  spy  was  secreted 
was  selected  as  the  receptacle  for  this  terrible  explosive,  and 
was  turned  over,  rolling  out  upon  the  floor  this  inquiring 
youth.  The  tableau  was  unutterable;  the  muttered  threats 
were  dreadful.  At  last,  after  binding  himself  with  more  hor- 
rible oaths  than  Morgan,  the  anti-Mason,  ever  dreamed  of, 
and  making  a  liberal  contribution  for  the  purchase  of  gun- 
powder, he  was  allowed  to  go  home,  where  he  doubtless  past 
the  night  in  dreadful  expectancy,  and  came  to  school  next 
morning,  only  to  find  an  audible  smile  on  every  face.  Well, 
he  treated  the  crowd  to  apples,  and  we  unanimously  agreed  not 
to  tell  his  father  of  his  misadventure;  in  pursuance  of  which 
pledge,  his  name  appeareth  not  in  these  pages. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  195 

We  were  shabbily  drest  in  those  days.  I  think  my  pan- 
taloons were  generally  too  short,  and  my  coats  seemed  to  have 
been  made  for  some  other  person.  We  were  very  poor,  but 
very  plucky.  We  boarded  ourselves,  mainly  on  corn  mush, 
washt  the  floors  and  built  the  fires  at  the  Normal  Hall, 
worked  hard,  lived  hard,  and  were  poorly  provided  with  all 
things;  our  parents  were  sad-faced,  struggling  pioneers  of 
the  prairies;  but  we  were  cheery,  resolute,  and  happy  in  our 
life  and  our  work.  To  the  toiling  youth  of  frontier  homes, 
thirsting  for  knowledge,  the  Illinois  Normal  University  opened 
the  gateways  of  a  new  life.  We  loved  it,  rejoiced  in  it,  and 
were  thoroly  loyal  to  its  name  and  fame. 

The  school  saw  but  little  of  its  principal  in  those  years. 
Two  miles  to  the  northward,  across  the  sodden  prairies,  in  the 
rainy  autumn  of  1858,  were  clay  pits,  heaps  of  brickbats,  half- 
complete  foundations  for  a  stately  structure,  yet  in  embryo. 
The  construction  fund  was  exhausted,  the  state  heavily  in 
debt,  business  everywhere  distrest  and  languishing;  truly  a 
somber  prospect  for  the  completion  of  a  building,  demanding, 
on  the  basis  existing  before  the  war,  a  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars. It  would  be  as  easy  today  to  raise  a  million.  To  secure 
these  needed  funds  was  the  task  which  Charles  E.  Hovey  set 
before  himself.  It  was  a  labor  for  Hercules.  His  own  fortune 
was  pledged  over  and  over.  Had  his  plans  failed,  he  would 
have  been  weighted  for  life  with  hopeless  bankruptcy.  This 
enormous  task  he  undertook  and  carried  thru.  He  had  a  place 
on  the  program  of  the  school's  daily  work,  but  his  classes  gen- 
erally wrought  out  their  own  salvation.  But  in  the  winter  of 
1 860- 1  the  building  was  completed;  the  legislature  assembled; 
Governor  Dick  Yates  delivered  the  dedicatory  address;  the 
State  assumed  the  liabilities  of  the  Board  of  Regents,  and  the 
enormous  burden  of  debt  rolled  off  the  shoulders  which  had 
borne  it  so  bravely.  A  new  generation  has  arisen  since  those 
days,  mainly  ignorant  of  these  events,  and  yet  enjoying  the 
fruits  of  those  labors.  It  is  for  them  that  I  make  the  record. 
We  of  the  pioneering  days,  need  no  reminder  of  the  grand 
work  which  could  hardly  have  been  performed  by  another  than 
General  Charles  E.  Hovey. 

We  were  free  in  our  conduct,  to  a  singular  extent.  No 
school  rules  rested  upon  us.  Our  hours  and  methods  were 
wholly  our  own.  We  lived  as  we  pleased,  formed  our  friend- 
ships and  associations,  made  our  calls,  and  managed  our  af- 
fairs, entirely  at  our  own  choice  and  pleasure.  Very  few 
schools  were  ever  so  slightly  governed.  I  do  not  believe  that 


196  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

our  successors  of  today  can  be  journeying  under  any  similar 
slackness  of  rein.  Nevertheless,  the  record  of  those  years  was 
a  thoroly  Spartan  one.  We  were  from  Puritan  households, 
disciplined  in  self-restraint.  Industry  and  poverty  were  our 
safeguards. 

A  magnificent  park,  stately  buildings,  a  beautiful  and  pros- 
perous city,  methods  well-ordered,  and  polities  established, 
splendid  museums  and  laboratories,  a  wealthier  and  more  cul- 
tured generation  of  students — these  are  the  pleasant  things 
that  greet  the  view  as  you  gather  to  the  silver  wedding  of  our 
alma  mater.  It  is  not  true  that  the  former  days  were  better 
than  these,  but  we  who  saw  the  working  out  of  the  beginnings, 
had  also  our  joys,  struggles,  and  coronations;  and  we  received 
a  training  which,  if  less  orderly  and  exhaustive  than  that  ren- 
dered now,  nevertheless  gave  us  some  measure  of  fitness  for 
our  life-work. 

From  my  home  and  class  room  by  the  Pacific,  I  send  hearty 
greeting  to  the  teachers  and  pupils  who  worked  in  Major's 
Hall  together.  God  bless  and  speed  you  all,  dear  old  friends 
and  comrades,  and  grant  you  such  length  of  days  that,  in  the 
seventh  year  of  the  twentieth  Christian  century,  a  few  of  us, 
if  old,  yet  vigorous,  if  with  snow  on  the  head,  yet  with  fire  at 
the  heart,  may  gather  to  our  alma  mater's  golden  wedding. 

H.  B.  NORTON. 

STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL,  San  Jose,  California,  July  23,  1882. 


BY  LYMAN  B.  KELLOGG,  CLASS  OF  1864. 

My  first  term  at  the  Normal  was  while  the  school  was  in 
Major's  Block.  It  was  the  spring  term  at  which  the  first  class 
graduated.  Enoch  Gastman,  large  of  size,  red-haired  and  red- 
whiskered,  was  the  most  formidable  looking  member  of  the 
class. 

Having  never  before  attended  any  school  other  than  the 
country  district  and  the  public  school  of  a  small  village, 
Major's  Hall  and  the  then  Normal  School  seemed  to  me  very 
majestic  and  impressive. 

Mr.  Hovey  was  the  president;  but  we  did  not  see  very 
much  of  him  that  term,  because,  as  we  understood,  his  time 
was  almost  wholly  taken  up  with  the  building  operations  going 
on  for  the  school  out  on  the  prairie  two  miles  from  town.  He 


STATU  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  197 

occasionally  was  present  and  led  the  devotional  exercises  at 
the  opening  of  the  school,  and  was  supposed  to  be  teaching  the 
graduating  class  in  one  study.  As  I  remember  him,  he  was 
somewhat  dark  of  visage,  silent,  and  distant,  with  a  grave  and 
solemn  face.  It  was  vaguely  understood  that  the  Normal 
building  was  being  erected  under  many  difficulties,  financial 
and  otherwise,  and  that  there  was  great  danger  of  the  work 
being  suspended ;  all  of  which  was  supposed  to  account  for  the 
pre-occupation,  repeated  absences,  and  anxiety,  on  the  part  of 
President  Hovey. 

It  was  also  understood  by  the  new  class,  consisting  of  a 
dozen  or  fourteen,  of  which  I  was  a  member,  that  Mr.  Hovey 
was  a  man  of  great  executive  ability  and  a  good  teacher. 
Later,  'as  everyone  knows,  he  went  into  the  army  as  colonel  of 
the  Normal  regiment,  and  came  out  a  brigadier  general,  and 
afterwards  practiced  law  in  the  city  of  Washington. 

There  were  about  seventy-five  students  in  attendance  at 
that  term. 

Major's  Hall  was  on  the  top  floor  of  a  three-story  business 
building.  Our  recitation  rooms  were  on  the  second  floor ;  the 
first  floor  was  occupied  by  two  groceries  and  a  second  hand 
store,  as  I  recollect.  I  have  since  learned  that  Major's  Hall 
and  the  recitation  rooms  were  considered  dark,  dingy,  and 
somewhat  dilapidated;  but  they  did  not  so  impress  me.  I 
considered  them  grand  beyond  compare. 

I  remember  that  Henry  B.  Norton  was  a  student  at  that 
time,  tall,  angular,  awkward,  careless  in  dress.  His  shoes 
were  tied  sometimes  with  white  wrapping  twine  in  the  absence 
of  a  shoe  string,  but  he  had  the  countenance  of  a  sage.  Later 
he  was  editor  of  the  Daily  Pantagraph  in  Bloomington,  and 
then  came  out  to  Kansas,  serving  as  Associate  Principal  of  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Emporia.  Still  later  he  taught  natu- 
ral science,  and  made  a  great  name  for  himself  as  teacher  and 
lecturer,  at  the  State  Normal  School  of  California  at  San  Jose. 

I  acquired  no  personal  acquaintance  with  Enoch  Gastman 
and  the  other  members  of  the  graduating  class  until  near  the 
end  of  that  term,  because  they  were  so  high  and  mighty,  in 
the  estimation  of  the  beginners  of  my  class,  that  we  did  not 
venture  to  ask  for  an  introduction.  They  seemed  to  us  to  have 
been  made  of  a  better  clay  than  the  rest  of  us  mortals. 

I  remember  that  the  graduating  class  recited  in  the  large 
assembly  room  in  English  and  American  literature,  and  that 
in  some  mysterious  way  Henry  B.  Norton  recited  with  them, 
altho  not  a  member  of  the  class.  To  our  great  surprise  he 


198  SUMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

seemed  to  know  as  much  about  books  and  authors  as  the  real 
members  of  the  graduating  class.  The  entering  class  having 
no  recitation  at  that  time  were  supposed  to  be  studying  at  their 
desks  during  the  recitation  of  the  graduating  class  in  litera- 
ture. My  recollection  is  of  neglecting  my  studies  at  this  hour 
and  of  feasting  daily  upon  the  enlarged  wisdom  of  the  gradu- 
ating class. 

My  last  term  was  in  the  spring  of  1864.  Richard  Ed- 
wards, the  president,  was  in  the  height  and  plenitude  of  his 
remarkable  gifts  as  a  teacher,  public  speaker,  and  executive 
officer. 

My  recollection  of  the  attendance  is  that  it  was  something 
like  three  hundred. 

Mr.  Pillsbury  was  the  principal  of  the  high  school  division 
of  the  model  department.  I  was  in  charge  of  the  grammar 
school  division  and  also  assisted  in  teaching  some  of  the 
classes  upstairs  in  the  Normal  school  proper.  In  addition  to 
this  teaching  I  endeavored  to  carry  on  my  regular  studies  as 
a  member  of  the  graduating  class.  I  think  there  were  seven 
of  us  who  graduated  that  year. 

I  was  a  member  of  the  Wrightonian  society.  In  those  days 
the  rivalry  between  the  Wrightonians  and  the  Philadelphians 
was  great.  The  members  of  the  Wrightonian  society  were 
well  satisfied  in  their  minds  that  their  society  was  much  su- 
perior to  that  of  the  Philadelphians.  In  some  manner  it  was 
learned  by  us  that  the  Philadelphians  considered  the  members 
of  the  Wrightonian  society  much  inferior  to  them  in  every 
possible  way.  As  I  look  back  thru  the  vista  of  years  upon  the 
two  societies,  I  find  that  they  were  substantially  equal  in  mem- 
bership, in  enthusiasm,  good  fellowship,  and  general  ability 
of  their  members. 

I  have  been  told  that  there  is  now  in  the  Wrightonian  li- 
brary a  full  set  of  the  bound  volumes  of  the  Atlantic  Monthly 
magazine.  It  is  my  recollection  that  the  first  three  or  four 
volumes  were  contributed  to  the  library  by  my  procurement, 
with  the  hope  of  the  then  members  of  the  society  that  the  At- 
lantic Monthly  should  become  a  permanent  acquisition  to  the 
library  in  the  years  to  come.  This  was  one  of  the  dreams  of 
a  few  of  the  Wrightonians  in  that  very  early  day. 

In  January  following  my  graduation  I  came  to  Kansas  up- 
on the  invitation  of  the  Board  of  Regents  to  serve  as  principal 
of  the  State  Normal  School  of  that  State  at  Emporia.  The 
Normal  School  of  Kansas  is  an  offshoot  of  the  Illinois  State 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  199 

Normal  University,  and  it  has  always  been  proud  of  that  re- 
lation, just  as  the  Illinois  Normal  is  an  offshoot  from  the 
Bridgewater  Normal  School  of  Massachusetts. 


BY  JOHN  WILLISTON  COOK,  CLASS  OF   1865. 

There  was  great  strife  between  the  Wrightonians  and 
Philadelphian  societies  in  those  old  days.  The  rooms  with  un- 
carpeted  floors  and  undecorated  walls  were  furnished  us  and 
it  was  left  to  us  to  do  whatever  was  to  be  done  in  the  way  of 
improvement.  The  recitation  rooms  were  supplied  with  com- 
mon wooden  chairs  and  these  were  borrowed  on  Friday  even- 
ings, when  there  were  energetic  young  fellows  available  to 
carry  them  upstairs.  Sometimes  they  were  forgotten  on  Sat- 
urday night  after  the  close  of  the  society  meetings  and,  in 
consequence,  there  were  chairless  recitation  rooms  on  Monday 
morning.  The  interviews  that  such  a  condition  occasioned 
were  not  in  all  respects  agreeable,  hence  there  were  strenuous 
efforts  to  secure  a  more  ample  equipment.  The  students  were 
far  from  anything  like  wealth,  yet  there  were  notable  instances 
of  self-denial  in  their  devotion  to  their  societies. 

Anything  in  the  way  of  improvement  was  carried  on  by 
stealth.  The  first  wall  decorations  were  in  the  way  of  small 
statuary.  It  didn't  amount  to  much  as  measured  by  modern 
standards  but  it  was  little  short  of  superb  to  us  of  the  Wright- 
onian  Society  as  it  was  unpacked  behind  locked  doors  all  on  a 
wonderful  Saturday  and  ready  to  be  displayed  to  the  envious 
Philadelphians  when  the  doors  were  opened  for  the  evening 
meeting.  There  was  a  general  stampede  from  the  south  room, 
the  old  home  of  "our  friends,  the  enemy,"  when  the  "scoop" 
was  revealed.  It  would  have  taken  a  long  pole  to  reach  the 
elevated  pride  of  "Uncle  Sim's"  crowd  that  night. 

A  piano  was  a  prime  necessity  for  the  musical  numbers  on 
the  Saturday  evenings.  Occasionally  one  was  borrowed  from 
a  school  room  and  laboriously  elevated  to  the  top  story,  but  it 
was  a  killing  business  and  it  took  a  great  occasion  to  develop 
enthusiasm  enuf  for  the  young  fellows  to  undertake  it.  In 
consequence  it  was  decreed  at  a  secret  meeting  of  the  "steering 
committee"  that  in  some  way  or  other  a  piano  must  be  forth- 
coming. The  war  was  on  and  our  patron  saint,  Uncle  Sim, 
was  at  the  front.  But  he  came  home  on  a  furlough  and  three 
or  four  of  us  met  him  at  the  old  Ashley  House.  Uncle  Sim 


200  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

gave  us  a  number  of  pointers  as  to  possible  ways  and  means, 
but,  most  inspiring  of  all,  he  gave  us  fifty  dollars  as  a  start. 
We  organized  a  secret  society,  for  the  whole  thing  was  planned 
as  "scoop  number  two,"  and  within  its  inner  circles  the  scheme 
was  elaborated.  One  feature  of  the  enterprise  was  a  play, 
"Box  and  Cox,"  at  Phenix  Hall.  The  star  performers  were 
not  students,  altho  one  of  them  had  been.  There  was  Clare 
Messer,  six  feet  three  in  his  stockings  and  with  the  circumfer- 
ence of  a  telegraph  pole.  And  there  was  Hyde  Norton,  a  for- 
mer student  and  then  engaged  in  the  study  of  law,  after  being 
sent  home  from  the  army  with  the  compliments  of  a  confeder- 
ate sharpshooter.  He  was  only  a  shade  under  Messer's  length 
and  another  shade  above  his  breadth. 

It  was  a  great  occasion  and  made  big  money.  The  piano 
was  bought  and  secretly  installed  to  the  wonder  of  everybody 
and  to  the  envy  of  the  "other  folks." 

Norton  died  in  Cuba  a  couple  of  years  ago  and  Messer  is 
one  of  the  leading  artists  in  Washington  city. 

Eugene  F.  Baldwin,  he  of  the  wonderful  Peoria  Star, 
turned  up  as  an  old  student  in  '63.  He  had  been  in  the  army 
and  had  lost  most  of  his  health  and  nearly  all  of  his  hair.  He 
got  both  of  them  back  later.  He  was  a  genius  then  but  not 
everybody  knew  it  as  they  do  now.  He  used  to  write  plays 
and  some  of  us  did  star  parts  in  them.  But  the  way  in  which 
he  anticipated  the  modern  talking  machine  is  the  thing  I 
started  to  tell. 

He  contrived  a  box  with  a  noisy  ratchet  in  it  made  from 
the  crank  of  a  chain  pump.  In  those  days  there  were  book 
cases  in  the  south  end  of  the  Wrightonian  Hall  and  below 
them  were  ample  closets.  The  box  was  mounted  on  legs  and 
furnished  with  a  curtain  and  placed  before  the  partially  opened 
door  of  one  of  the  closets.  A  stage  curtain  surrounded  the 
whole  apparatus.  The  performance  was  billed  for  the  period 
immediately  after  recess.  It  was  an  easy  matter  to  slip  behind 
the  curtain  and  into  the  closet  at  recess  time. 

Baldwin  gave  a  learned  dissertation  upon  the  possibility  of 
talking  machines  and  declared  that  he  had  invented  one.  In 
proof  thereof  he  drew  the  stage  curtain,  wound  up  his  machine 
and,  mirabile  dictu!  the  thing  began  to  talk.  This  was  incon- 
testably  the  first  phonograph.  The  affair  was  the  sensation 
of  the  season  for  the  talking  attachment  escaped  from  the 
closet  in  the  distraction  of  the  universal  excitement. 

In  war  times  an  old  student  furloughed  and  just  from  the 
front,  would  occasionally  be  the  center  of  attraction  on  a  Sat- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  201 

urday  night  at  the  societies.  How  we  all  thrilled  with  respon- 
sive patriotism  as  he  told  us  of  the  Normal  boys  in  the  south- 
ern camps  and  how  they  told  and  re-told,  about  the  evening 
fires,  the  experiences  of  school  and  society  life.  The  society 
quartets  would  sing  the  war  songs  and  the  young  orators 
would  flame  with  eloquence  and  the  walls  would  re-echo  the 
cheers  of  the  ardent  students.  The  new  generation  can  never 
know  the  rate  at  which  we  lived  in  those  days  of  storm  and 
stress.  And  when  there  came  the  cheering  news  of  a  federal 
victory  life  was  strenuous  entif  to  suit  the  most  responsive. 


BY  E.   F.  BALDWIN. 

He  Drew  Maps. 

In  the  year  1863,  in  the  fall  term,  there  drifted  into  Nor- 
mal from  the  city  of  LaSalle,  a  tall,  slim  individual  who  regis- 
tered as  R.  A.  Bower.  He  fell  under  the  tutelage  of  Professor 
Hewett  and  the  latter  set  him  to  drawing  the  map  of  South 
America.  Bob  protested  against  it.  He  couldn't  draw  a  map, 
he  couldn't  even  draw  a  straight  line.  But  Hewett  put  his  foot 
down,  and  so,  Bower  manfully  shouldered  his  burden.  He 
finally  became  interested  in  it  and  the  result  was  he  was  the 
best  map  drawer  in  his  class.  After  he  left  Normal,  he  drifted 
about  for  several  years  and  finally  went  to  Chicago  and  pro- 
posed to  the  firm  of  Rand,  McNally  &  Co.  that  they  add  a  de- 
partment of  map  publishing  to  their  establishment  and  give 
him  control  of  it.  They  are  now  the  greatest  map  publishers 
in  the  world.  They  publish  maps  for  Australia,  Canada,  and 
in  fact,  for  almost  every  country  under  the  sun.  Bower  is  the 
largest  stockholder  in  the  institution.  He  owns  325  shares  of 
the  original  1000  shares  in  the  company,  and  is  rated  at  con- 
siderably over  half  a  million  dollars.  Still,  anyone  dropping 
into  the  retail  store  of  Rand, McNally  &  Co.  in  Chicago,  will 
find  Bob  Bower,  now  grown  to  be  a  venerable,  gray-headed 
gentleman,  with  an  army  of  clerks  under  him,  revising  the  map 
department  and  giving  his  orders  for  the  coming  campaigns. 
When  we  saw  him  last  week,  he  had  just  shipped  two  car-loads 
of  maps  to  Australia.  All  this  great  industry  giving  employ- 
ment to  over  looo  people  came  because  President  Hewett  in- 
sisted that  Bob  Bower  should  draw  a  map  of  South  America. 

Of  course,  the  moral  of  this  is,  whatever  you  do,  do  it  well. 


202  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

BY  S.  Y.  GILLAN,  CLASS  OF  1879. 

How  the  School  Appealed  to  Me  As  a  Student. 

1.  It  appealed  to  me  as  an  institution  in  which  hard  work 
was  recognized  as  the  key  to  success  and  where  "sissy  boys" 
were   estimated  at  their  true  worth  and  speedily    eliminated. 
At  that  time  the  Normal  University  had  something  of  a  repu- 
tation as  a  student  killer,  and  in  that  there  was  for  me  a  cer- 
tain fascination. 

2.  The  academic  features  of  the  course,  the  subjects  to  be 
mastered,  attracted  me  more  than  did  the  "professional"  work. 
The  latter  never  seemed  to  me  to  be  strong,  and  the  more  it 
developed  the  more  I  did  not  like  it.     Subsequent  experience 
and  observation  have  led  me  to  think  that  the  defect  referred 
to  was  not  a  weakness  peculiar  to  the  school  nor  to  that  time. 

3.  The  faculty  as  a  whole  imprest  me  as  especially  strong 
and  well  chosen  for  the  work  they  were  doing;   and  this  im- 
pression has  not  changed  with  the  years.    Altho  there  were  a 
few  weak  spots  in  the  faculty,  visible  to  discerning  students, 
yet  the  strongest   appeal   of  the   school    to  me  was  thru   the 
strength  and  skill  that  most  of  the  teaching  force  displayed  in 
the  schoolroom.     If  I  learned  anything  of  method  that  was 
of  abiding  worth  it  came   to  me  thru  the   example  of   good 
teaching  rather  than  thru    precept  or  doctrine    pedagogic  or 
psychologic. 

4.  The  democratic  spirit  of  the  student  body,  the  absence 
of  sham,  the  freedom  from  inquisitorial  control  on  the  part  of 
the  teachers,  the  evidence  on  all  hands  that  it  was  a  school  of 
the  people  existing  for  and  representing  the  masses  and  not 
the  classes,  the  earnestness  of  the  students,  most  of  whom  were 
going  to  school,  not  sent, — these  were  facts  that  appealed  to 
me  and  deepened  the  conviction  that  "life  is  neither  pain  nor 
pleasure  but  serious  business." 


BY  CHARLES   EORDYCE,  CLASS  OF   1 882. 

About  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  I  entered  the  Illinois 
State  Normal  University  for  the  purpose  of  putting  a  few  fin- 
ishing touches  on  my  public  school  attainments,  preparatory 
to  entering  upon  the  duties  of  a  teacher.  Having  passed  the 
examination  admitting  to  the  High  School,  I  was  advised  by 
Principal  Burrington  to  visit  classes  in  English  grammar, 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  203 

arithmetic,  and  geography  to  see  whether  they  might  offer  any 
additional  help.  I  was  first  ushered  into  the  class  of  Martha 
D.  L.  Haynie,  where  the  first  half  hour's  experience  paralyzed 
me.  It  became  evident  on  my  recovery  that  I  could  gain  a 
few  points  in  method,  at  least,  by  attending  the  class  in  Eng- 
lish grammar.  I  next  visited  the  class  in  arithmetic  under  Mr. 
John  W.  Cook,  whose  flashes  of  mathematical  wit  convinced 
me  not  only  that  I  knew  nothing  about  arithmetic,  but  that  my 
knowledge  of  other  branches  was  too  faulty  to  count  for  much 
in  the  Normal.  I  did  not  inspect  other  classes,  but  entered  at 
once,  and  at  the  very  bottom  of  the  curriculum.  Thru  the 
friendly  counsel  of  Dr.  Hewett  I  was  persuaded  to  join  even 
the  spelling  class,  which  I  found  so  full  of  culture,  and  whose 
subject  matter  grew  so  increasingly  interesting  that  I  was  in- 
duced to  "elect"  this  subject  from  year  to  year.  Mr.  Hewett 
went  so  far  as  to  suggest  that  I  might  with  some  degree  of 
profit  pursue  the  branch  in  graduate  work,  saying  that  there 
were  here  hidden  fields  for  the  student  in  research. 

All  through  the  course  I  shared  the  feeling  with  most  of 
the  students  that  the  requirements  were  unreasonably  severe; 
since  graduation,  however,  I  share  with  the  alumni  an  equally 
common  feeling  that  the  rigidity  of  the  work  done  is  the  one 
feature  for  which  we  are  today  most  thankful.  The  doctrine 
that  the  candidate  for  teacher  must  knozu  the  subject  to  be 
taught,  as  well  as  the  underlying  principles  by  which  it  may 
be  skillfully  presented,  was  strictly  adhered  to  by  all  the  fac- 
ulty. In  the  exemplification  of  this  tenet  most  of  the  faculty 
were  models.  I  acknowledge  my  personal  indebtedness  to  Mr. 
Cook  for  his  keen,  searching,  Socratic  method;  to  Mr.  Met- 
calf  for  his  wonderful  tact  in  class  management  and  his 
cheery,  generous,  sympathetic  nature,  which  has  ever  been  my 
ideal ;  and,  finally,  to  all  the  faculty  for  their  impartial  efforts 
to  draw  forth  from  the  students  the  best  in  them. 


BY  NATHAN  A.   HARVEY,  CLASS  OE   1884. 

My  Early  Impressions  of  Normal 

My  impressions  of  Normal  began  on  the  morning  of  the 
twenty-first  of  March,  1880,  about  three  o'clock.  It  was  a 
most  inauspicious  beginning,  for  the  weather  was  cold,  every 
person  was  a  stranger,  and  when  the  sun  rose,  it  rose  in  the 
north  and  it  continued  to  do  so  for  the  next  four  years.  I  re- 


204  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

member  Normal  now  as  a  place  in  which  the  sun  rises  in  the 
north.  I  had  the  impression  that  it  must  be  on  the  northeast 
side  of  the  earth.  It  is  a  rather  distressing  circumstance  when 
a  man's  consciousness  and  his  compass  do  not  agree.  The  first 
week  in  school,  Mr.  Cook  sent  me  to  the  blackboard,  in  an 
arithmetic  class,  and  said,  "Go  to  the  north  board."  I  started 
in  a  direction  that  I  afterward  learned  to  be  east.  Mr.  Cook 
said  "North  board."  I  went  faster  toward  the  east.  "North 
board!  NORTH  BOARD!  NORTH  BOARD!"  I  reached  the 
east  side  of  the  room  on  the  run,  when  Mr.  Cook  pointed  to 
the  other  side  of  the  room,  and  said,  with  tremendous  sarcasm, 
"This  is  the  north  board."  I  was  really  grateful  for  the 
information. 

The  Normal  School  was  at  first  to  me  one  big,  blooming 
confusion.  A  two-room  school  was  the  limit  of  my  previous 
experience  in  educational  matters,  and,  when  as  I  was  seated 
the  first  day  in  the  Assembly  room,  wondering  what  would 
happen  next,  a  tremendous  multitude  of  people,  without  any 
particular  reason  for  doing  so,  came  trooping  into  the  room 
like  a  mob  or  an  army  with  banners,  I  did  not  know  what  to 
make  of  it.  Then  when  the  tumult  had  partially  subsided,  a  lit- 
tle man  would  stand  up  in  front  and  with  a  pencil,  as  a  sword 
or  scepter,  would  apparently  threaten  them,  and  scold  them, 
and  sentence  them  to  decapitation  or  banishment, — everybody 
would  get  up  and  troop  out  to  begin  sentence.  I  did  not  know 
what  was  likely  to  happen  at  any  moment. 

My  earliest  experiences  are  the  most  vivid.  I  was  scared 
to  death  most  of  the  time.  It  seemed  to  me  that  the  whole 
institution  was  organized  for  the  purpose  of  threatening  me. 
with  total  annihilation.  Afterward  I  found  that  such  was  not 
the  case,  but  that  the  whole  institution  was  completely  innocent 
of  any  knowledge  of  my  existence. 

A  man  named  Nolan  entered  school  about  that  time. 
Nolan  was  somewhat  older  than  many  other  students,  and  a 
good  looking  man.  He  was  accorded  the  privilege  of  taking 
grammar  as  an  extra  subject.  All  went  well  the  first  week. 
The  second  week  spelling  began.  Nolan,  in  the  first  class,  fell 
below  seven  in  his  standing.  He  was  sent  to  the  second  class. 
The  next  week  he  fell  below  seven  in  the  second  class.  He  was 
required  to  drop  grammar.  The  next  week  he  fell  below  seven 
again.  He  was  required  to  drop  arithmetic.  The  next  week, 
still  below  seven,  he  was  required  to  drop  geography.  In  the 
cloak  room  one  of  the  boys  remarked  to  him,  "Well,  Nolan, 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  205 

did  the  doctor  make  you  drop  another  subject?"  "Yes,"  said 
Nolan,  "blessed  if  I  won't  have  to  drop  everything  pretty  soon, 
but  devotional  exercises."  From  his  language  there  was  some 
apprehension  of  his  ability  to  carry  that. 

The  societies  were  a  source  of  continual  delight.  It  was 
believed  by  many  of  the  new  members  that  the  standard  of 
excellence  in  the  programs  was  so  high  that  we  could  never 
hope  to  attain  it,  and  we  sometimes  considered  plans  for  di- 
minishing the  standard.  It  was  really  this  feeling  that  led  to 
the  organization  of  the  Ciceronian  society.  I  have  known  stu- 
dents who  entered  the  school  after  I  did  who  assisted  at  the 
organization  of  the  Ciceronian  society,  but  I  attended  several 
meetings  of  the  society  in  the  old  "White  Room"  in  the  spring 
of  1880.  Whenever  a  person  wanted  a  fight  or  a  frolic  he 
could  get  it  by  means  of  the  societies.  The  "Sociable  Squab- 
ble" recorded  in  the  History  of  the  I.S.N.U.  by  Cook  and 
McHugh,  was  only  one  of  the  incidents  occurring  in  society 
circles  in  the  period  covered  by  my  impressions.  I  happened 
to  be  treasurer  of  the  Wrightonians  at  that  time  and  was  one 
of  those  who  believed  that  it  was  very  unwise  to  abandon  a 
regular  program  for  such  a  trifling  affair  as  a  sociable. 

There  was  little  of  the  milk  of  human  kindness  wasted  up- 
on us  by  the  faculty  in  those  days.  Mr.  Metcalf  was  recog- 
nized as  the  one  man  who  had  a  soul  in  him.  Miss  Wakefield 
and  Miss  Pennell  were  kind  to  everybody.  The  other  mem- 
bers of  the  faculty  were  considered  to  belong  to  a  different  and 
a  superior  order  of  beings.  Bob  Underwood  expressed  it  one 
time,  just  after  the  board  of  education  had  made  a  regulation 
concerning  the  annual  election  of  teachers,  by  saying,  "The 
Normal  School  teachers  have  to  be  elected  now  just  like 
humans." 

I  am  under  the  impression  now  that  the  Normal  School  of 
1880  was  a  great  school.  I  know  that  the  class  of  1881  was 
excelled  in  wisdom  only  by  the  class  of  1880,  which  was  the 
class  that  graduated  the  first  term  that  I  attended  school.  I 
feel  sure  that  a  rapid  deterioration  of  classes  in  wisdom  and 
goodness  occurred  after  that,  and  my  impression  is  that  the  en- 
tire school  began  to  deteriorate  shortly  after  I  entered  the  in- 
stitution. Perhaps  my  presence  contributed  to  that  deteriora- 
tion. This  is  merely  my  impression.  I  have  not  undertaken 
to  verify  the  truth  or  falsity  of  it.  I  am  still  under  the  impres- 
sion that  the  Normal  School  of  the  early  eighties  was  a  great 
school,  and  I  have  been  told  on  reliable  authority  that  the 
present  school  is  even  greater.  Let  us  hope  that  it  may  con- 
tinue on  its  progressive  career. 


206  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

BY  FRANK  S.  BOGARDUS,  CLASS  OF   1896. 

What  the  Normal  Did  For  Me. 

Any  person  who  has  been  a  student  at  the  Illinois  State 
Normal  University  must  have  a  rich  fund  of  memories  that 
come  trooping  up  at  the  mere  mention  of  the  word  "Normal." 
But  one  who  has  had  the  privilege  of  being  a  pupil  and  after- 
wards a  teacher  in  the  old  school  has  double  reason  for  thank- 
fulness. Such  has  been  my  privilege.  In  addition  to  this  I 
have  still  another  abiding  bond  of  interest  in  the  Normal;  it 
is  found  in  the  fact  that  both  my  father  and  mother  were 
graduated  from  it.  Thus  while  I  have  received  largely  from 
it,  I  claim  no  common  share  in  it;  in  a  peculiar  sense  it  be- 
longs to  me  and  I  to  it. 

From  the  fact  that  my  father  and  mother  had  been  students 
at  the  Normal,  it  naturally  followed,  when  it  was  decided  that 
I  was  to  be  a  teacher,  that  the  Normal  was  the  only  school 
considered  in  connection  with  my  further  education.  I  have 
always  been  thankful  that  it  was  so. 

Candidly,  I  do  not  believe  I  had  seen  enuf  good  teaching 
before  I  went  to  the  Normal  to  know  what  it  was.  My  teach- 
ers, for  the  most  part,  up  to  that  time,  had  settled  down  into 
the  soul-deadening  lethargy  of  mechanica]  school-keeping. 
As  I  look  at  it  now,  it  seems  that  they  had  little  knowledge  of 
child  nature  and  no  appreciation  of  pedagogical  aims  and 
methods.  The  purpose  seemed  to  be  to  get  a  certain  average 
result  from  the  class,  the  individual  child  being  practically  lost 
sight  of.  The  whole  system  was  simply  a  piece  of  machinery 
and  like  machine  made  products  we  came  from  the  schools 
bearing  the  stamp  of  uniformity  and  mediocrity.  The  whole 
process  was  stupefying,  leveling,  deadening.  It  was  the  com- 
plete triumph  of  the  machine.  May  the  Lord  forgive  those 
who  were  responsible! 

At  Normal  I  came  in  contact  with  people  who  could  teach, 
people  who  really  had  professional  attainments.  What  a  won- 
derful change  from  the  other  system !  At  once  these  teachers 
in  the  Normal  School  became  my  ideal  teachers  and  such  they 
still  remain  to  me.  To  say  that  whatever  I  learned  as  to  prin- 
ciples and  methods  in  teaching  I  got  by  being  in  contact  with 
them  is  only  expressing  a  truism.  All  people  learn  in  that 
way.  The  daily  recitation,  whether  in  zoology  or  psychology, 
was  to  me  an  exposition  and  application  of  method ;  I  learned 
to  teach  by  being  in  the  classes  of  such  men  as  President  Cook 


IIvUNOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  207 

and  Professor  Colton  and  watching  them  at  their  daily  work 
and  participating  in  it.  Thus  the  Normal  School  did  this 
much  for  me  if  no  more — it  convinced  me  that  there  is  such 
a  thing  as  live  teaching  and  it  gave  me  the  professional  ideal. 
When  I  ask  myself  the  question :  "What  did  I  learn  at 
the  Normal  ?"  I  confess  that  I  pause.  Certainly,  many  things. 
And  yet  I  am  perfectly  clear  that  its  greatest  contribution  to 
my  life  was  neither  information,  nor  discipline.  Indeed  it 
seems  to  me  that  the  course  might  have  been  planned  so  as  to 
meet  the  peculiar  needs  of  high  school  graduates  better  than  it 
did  on  the  informational  side.  Then  there  was  a  certain  dis- 
ciplinary effect,  a  desire  for  thoroness,  that  was  secured.  It 
has  proved  of  very  great  value  to  me  since  that  time.  But  not 
the  greatest.  The  peculiar,  distinctive  thing  that  the  Normal 
did  for  me,  the  thing  of  greatest  value  was  bringing  me  in 
contact  with  the  great,  rich  personalities  of  my  teachers  and 
some  of  my  fellow  students.  The  intense  stimulus  to  scholarly 
effort  furnished  by  them  was  of  immense  value  to  me.  The 
inspiration  of  their  example  and  precept  seized  hold  of  me  as 
it  has  hundreds  of  others  and  made  the  old  life  no  longer  pos- 
sible. I  learned  to  believe  in  the  possibility  of  achievement, 
in  the  value  of  the  struggle,  and  in  the  inestimable  treasures  of 
scholarship.  In  a  very  real  sense  these  teachers  gave  them- 
selves that  we,  their  pupils,  might  live.  The  riches  of  their 
inner  lives  were  freely  bestowed  upon  us  and  we  are  living  in 
the  light  they  shed.  Today  we  former  students  of  the  old 
school  look  back  to  her  with  pride  and  pain,  and  say  to  the 
noble  men  and  women  who  labored  there:  "Out  of  your  life 
you  gave  us  life,  out  of  your  riches  you  made  us  rich." 


CHAPTER  XV 

THE  INFLUENCE  OF  THE  SCHOOL 
UPON  EDUCATION 

BY  CHARLES  DE  GARMO,  CLASS  OF  1873 


Qualitative  rather  than  quantitive  standards  must  be  re- 
lied upon  to  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the  influence  of  the 
school  upon  education,  for  though  one  might  deal  with  num- 
bers and  per  cents  they  would  give  but  a  poor  notion  of  what 
the  institution  has  accomplished  for  educational  advancement. 

We  need  to  know  the  quality  of  the  men  and  women  who 
have  taught  and  been  taught  in  the  school,  what  their  stand- 
ards of  work  and  character  have  been,  what  prominence  they 
have  attained,  what  books  they  have  published,  what  changes 
they  have  initiated,  and  how  their  influence  has  been  dis- 
tributed over  the  various  aspects  of  education. 

My  own  intimate  knowledge  of  the  faculty  ranges  from 
1870  to  1890,  so  that  I  may  perhaps  be  pardoned  if  I  dwell 
more  particularly  upon  the  members  then  upon  the  staff.  What 
especially  impressed  the  students  of  the  7o's  and  the  8o's  was 
the  vigor,  the  moral  earnestness,  the  efficiency,  and  withal  the 
geniality  with  which  the  instruction  was  given.  There  was 
no  ostentatious  display  of  erudition,  but  there  was  always  an 
evidence  of  firm  intellectual  grasp  of  whatever  was  taught  such 
as  awakened  the  admiration  of  the  student,  as  when,  for  ex- 
ample, Edwards  expounded  Hamlet  or  Hewett  assigned  a  long 
tracing  lesson  in  geography  to  the  whole  school  without  once 
consulting  map  or  text.  The  atmosphere  of  the  school  was  elec- 
tric. When  Cook  taught  reading  or  Metcalf  algebra  nothing 
else  seemed  of  the  slightest  importance.  When  the  student, 
"speaking  rapidly,"  recited  the  prime  factors  of  numbers  to  50 
for  McCormick,  the  rest  of  the  world  was  forgotten.  When 
Sewall  made  the  grimaces  he  called  "phonics"  he  was  awe- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  209 

inspiring,  but  when  he  gave  himself  to  speculation,  he  was  di- 
vine. Stetson  awakened  our  aesthetic  sense,  not  only  thru 
literature,  but  also  thru  the  beauty  and  exquisite  neatness  of 
his  writing.  Everywhere  we  met  strongly  marked  personality, 
but  underlying,  permeating  and  suffusing  everything  done  was 
that  strong,  electric,  and  cumulative  enthusiasm,  vigor,  and 
earnestness,  which  once  implanted  in  us  was  there  for  life. 

It  was  this  spirit  that  enabled  the  school  to  impress  itself 
first  upon  its  own  students,  and  then  thru  them  upon  the  chil- 
dren of  the  State.  Higher  institutions  depend  in  large  meas- 
ure upon  the  subjects  taught,  upon  the  liberalizing  character  of 
advanced  learning,  for  their  ultimate  influence  upon  the  world, 
but  the  curriculum  at  the  Normal  embraced  little  more  than 
elementary,  and  the  beginnings  of  secondary  studies.  What 
the  ultimate  results  should  be  depended,  therefore,  not  upon 
the  thing  taught,  but  rather  upon  the  intensity  and  thoroness 
of  the  teaching.  It  must  ever  stand  to  the  honor  of  the  faculty 
of  those  days  that  what  it  did,  it  did  with  its  might,  and  that 
force  of  character  applied  to  simple  tasks  was  the  means  of  its 
most  enduring  influence. 

Looking  back  over  those  days,  one  finds  no  startling  in- 
novation originating  from  the  Normal  school.  During  the 
early  70*8  a  wave  of  conviction  went  over  the  country  that 
natural  sciences  should  be  an  important  part  of  even  ele- 
mentary education.  Six  weeks'  courses  in  them  were  estab- 
lished in  the  Normal,  but  this  brief  time  effected  no  important 
results.  It  was  only  with  the  coming  of  Forbes,  Seymour, 
and  Colton  that  the  new  subjects  began  to  be  a  force  in  ele- 
mentary education,  tho  mechanics  and  elementary  astronomy 
had  been  effectively  taught  by  Hewett  at  an  earlier  period. 
The  greatest  contribution  that  these  men  made  to  the  cause  of 
teaching  was  to  impress  the  fact  that  intelligent  comprehen- 
sion, not  memoriter  drill,  lies  at  the  bottom  of  every  school 
exercise,  whether  in  mathematics,  language,  history,  geogra- 
phy, or  natural  science.  This  truth  tho  not  new  was  and  al- 
ways is  important.  In  those  days  there  was  in  the  State  little 
effective  instruction  in  secondary  schools,  so  that  there  was 
consequently  small  basis  in  the  Normal  for  effective  training 
in  college  subjects.  Not  until  this  sound  foundation  in  the 
common  branches  was  laid  could  the  Normal  school  undertake 
the  higher  work,  or  devote  itself  primarily  to  professional 
study.  But  by  the  time  the  preliminaries  were  completed,  the 
course  was  well  nigh  at  an  end.  It  is  clear,  therefore,  that  the 
excellence  of  the  earlv  efforts  of  the  school  consisted  neither 


210  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

in  professional  training  nor  in  advanced  study,  but  rather,  as 
has  been  said,  in  effective  teaching-  of  the  common  branches 
and  the  earlier  studies  of  high  school  grade.  This  was  what 
the  situation  of  the  time  demanded,  and  this  was  what  the 
early  faculty  contributed.  Later  years,  bringing  new  stand- 
ards for  admission,  have  of  course  made  it  possible  greatly  to 
strengthen  strictly  professional  training. 

Turning  now  to  the  influence  exerted  by  the  school  thru 
its  students,  it  is  obvious  that  this  influence  would  be  most 
wide-spread  and  effective  thru  the  daily  extension  to  a  thou- 
sand schoolrooms  of  the  earnestness,  thoroness,  and  efficiency 
found  in  the  instruction  given  by  the  faculty.  It  was  here  that 
the  forceful  enthusiasm  of  Edwards,  the  keen  incisiveness  of 
Hewett,  the  cultured  accuracy  of  Metcalf,  the  genial  thoroness 
of  Cook,  and  the  deliberate  but  irresistible  driving  power  of 
McCormick  found  innumerable  reduplication.  These  early 
contributions  of  the  school  to  the  cause  of  education  naturally 
extended  as  the  number  of  students  increased,  and  as  new 
members  with  more  recent  ideals  and  often  with  greater  schol- 
astic acquirements  were  added  to  the  faculty.  One  can  never 
forget  the  new  impetus  that  came  with  such  teachers  as  Forbes, 
Seymour,  James,  Pennell,  Haynie,  Barton,  Jones,  Colton, 
Morris,  Felmley,  C.  A.,  F.  M.  and  Lida  B.  McMurry,  Van 
Liew,  and  many  others  well  known  to  Normalites  of  the  pres- 
ent day. 

The  early  educational  situation  in  Illinois  gave  to  the  Nor- 
mal school  a  broader  influence  than  could  otherwise  have  been 
expected.  It  was  the  only  institution  of  the  kind  in  this  State, 
the  high  schools  were  in  their  infancy  and  the  State  Univer- 
sity was  just  beginning  as  a  School  of  Agriculture  and  Me- 
chanic Arts.  The  result  was  that  thousands  of  students  who 
now  go  thru  the  high  school  and  into  college  or  university, 
then  came  to  the  Normal  school,  the  only  institution  to  which 
they  could  gain  admission  and  which  would  give  them  educa- 
tion under  the  auspices  of  the  State.  One  is,  therefore,  some- 
what prepared  for  Mr.  C.  H.  Thurber's  humorous  remark 
when  he  found  so  many  old  Normal  men  occupying  prominent 
positions  in  and  about  Chicago.  "After  inquiring  into  the  an- 
tecedents of  this  and  that  educational  leader,"  he  said,  "I  be- 
gan to  look  around  to  find  distinguished  men  who  were  not 
from  the  old  Normal." 

To  mention  all  the  men  and  women  who  have  helped  to 
carry  the  spirit  of  the  old  school  to  the  children  of  the  State 
would  be  to  call  the  roll  of  attendance  for  fifty  years.  All  that 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  211 

can  be  attempted  in  this  place  is  to  mention  a  few  of  the  more 
prominent  contributions  to  educational  advance  that  have  been 
made  by  individuals. 

First  we  have  such  veteran  superintendents  of  great  public 
school  systems  as  Gastman,  Gove,  Walker,  Raymond,  Carter, 
Butler.  Generations  of  teachers  and  pupils  have  felt  their  ef- 
fective and  inspiring  leadership. 

Many  have  proved  their  quality  and  passed  on  to  younger 
institutions  for  the  training  of  teachers  the  influence  of  the 
older  school.  Prominent  among  those  who  have  distinguished 
themselves  as  professors  or  as  principals  of  other  Normal 
schools  we  find  the  names  of  Cook,  Kellogg,  Norton,  Wilkin- 
son, Van  Liew,  Harvey,  Blair,  Hursh,  Glotfelter,  Morrison, 
W.  Wilson,  Blome,  Ament,  the  McMurrys,  and  many  others. 

The  following  graduates  from  the  decade  of  1891-1900  are 
now,  or  have  been,  engaged,  regularly  in  Normal  school  work : 
Grant  Karr,  Mellie  "Bishop,  James  Ament,  Frank  Blair,  Elmer 
Gavins,  Luther  A.  Hatch,  S.  F.  Parson,  W.  J.  Sutherland, 
Lura  Eyestone,  George  W.  Bishop,  Jessie  Cunningham,  Edith 
Patten,  Alice  Patten,  Eleanor  Hampton,  May  Slocum,  Fred 
D.  Barber,  J.  G.  Brown,  Thomas  H.  Gentle,  J.  A.  Keith,  F.  G. 
Mutterer,  Frank  P.  Bachman,  Nellie  M.  Phillips,  Edward  R. 
Hendricks,  Thomas  A.  Hillyer,  S.  B.  Hursh,  George  E. 
Marker,  Clyde  R.  Travis,  Rose  Bland,  Jessie  G.  Bullock,  Mary 
M.  Steagall,  Frank  S.  Bogardus,  Mabel  A.  Cooper  (Mitchell,) 
Jessie  M.  Dillon,  Marian  T.  Lyons,  Clara  M.  Snell,  Emilie  B. 
Wright,  William  Crocker,  William  W.  Martin,  Olive  L.  Bar- 
ton, Anastacia  Donohue  (Hennegan,)  Mary  L.  Trimble, 
Oliver  M.  Dickerson,  W.  H.  Johnson,  John  P.  Stewart,  Ora 
S.  Morgan,  Genevieve  L.  Clarke,  Anna  G.  King,  I.  N.  War- 
ner, Charles  W.  Whitten — a  total  of  forty-nine. 

Not  a  few  are  recognized  as  leaders  in  their  respective 
subjects  in  institutions  of  higher  learning.  Of  such  we  may 
enumerate  James,  Brown,  Gray,  the  Scotts  (John  and  Walter,) 
Hodgin,  Effinger,  Erode,  McCormick  (Ed.),  J.  W.  Hall, 
H.  C.  Metcalf,  F.  McMurry,  Hieronymus. 

Higher  and  secondary  commercial  education  in  the  United 
States  owes  more  to  three  Normal  school  men  than  to  all  other 
agencies  combined.  The  first  of  these  is  President  E.  J.  James 
of  the  University  of  Illinois,  who  as  director  of  the  Wharton 
school  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  first  showed  the 
American  University  how  to  educate  business  leaders,  and  who 
in  his  report  of  1893  on  "The  Education  of  Business  Men  in 
Europe"  revealed  the  possibilities  and  need  of  such  training 


212  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

here.  The  next  is  Cheesman  A.  Herrick,  director  of  the  Com- 
mercial High  School  of  Philadelphia,  who  first  created  a  com- 
mercial high  school  in  this  country  patterned  after  the  Euro- 
pean model,  and  who  has  by  his  writings  and  addresses  on  this 
subject  done  most  to  spread  and  popularize  its  ideals.  The 
third  is  J.  J.  Sheppard,  director  of  the  Commercial  High 
School  of  New  York,  an  institution  magnificently  housed  and 
already  training  some  twenty-five  hundred  boys  for  modern 
business.  This  course  contains  not  only  business  technique, 
but  also  modern  languages,  applied  sciences,  history,  econo- 
mics, commercial  law  and  commercial  geography,  mathemat- 
ics, and  such  other  branches  of  knowledge  as  conduce  not  only 
to  business  success  but  to  business  integrity  of  the  highest  or- 
der. These  names  and,  with  them,  that  of  the  old  Normal 
must  ever  be  associated  with  the  genesis  and  early  develop- 
ment of  this  new  and  important  type  of  education  in  America. 

In  hundreds  of  high  schools  in  Illinois  and  the  middle  west, 
graduates  of  the  old  Normal  are  found.  Whenever  a  Nor- 
malite  has  gone  into  a  village  as  principal  of  the  school,  an 
effort  toward  establishing  some  work  of  high  school  grade  has 
followed.  And  scores  of  young  men,  with  high  ideals  of  ser- 
vice, have  gone  to  college,  returned,  and  served  as  principals 
of  high  schools.  The  Boyers  (E.  R.  and  E.  L.,)  Goble, 
Parker,  Briggs,  the  Hannas,  and  many  others  have  added  lus- 
ter to  the  fame  of  the  old  Normal. 

Educational  literature  has  been  greatly  enriched  by  the 
writings  of  such  men  as  C.  A.  McMurry,  Brown,  James,  Keith, 
while  the  publications  of  the  N.E.A.  and  the  various  journals 
of  education  show  that  Normal  men  have  done  their  full  share 
in  shaping  the  educational  ideals  that  have  prevailed.*  Our 
most  noted  journalist  in  the  educational  field  is  S.  Y.  Gillan, 
of  Milwaukee,  who  well  represents  the  accuracy  of  Metcalf, 
the  incisiveness  of  Hewett,  and  his  own  unwavering  courage 
in  standing  for  what  he  conceives  to  be  sanctified  common 
sense  and  incorruptible  democracy  in  education. 

R.  R.  Reeder  is  taking  the  spirit  of  the  old  Normal  into 
the  new  field  of  charity  education. 

The  hearts  of  all  old  Normalites  have  recently  beaten  just 
a  little  quicker  that  one  of  their  number,  E.  E.  Brown,  has 
been  called  to  fill  what  is  now  the  most  distinguished  post 
known  to  American  schoolmen,  namely,  that  of  U.  S.  Com- 
missioner of  Education,  just  vacated  by  our  greatest  leader, 

*DeGarmo's  name  should  be  added  to  this  list. — Editor. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  213 

Dr.  William  T.  Harris ;  while  another,  Frank  G.  Blair,  is  now 
Superintendent  of  Public  Education  in  the  State  of  Illinois. 

The  old  order  changes  and  with  it  the  needs  of  yesterday. 
Now  we  have  high  schools  everywhere  and  there  are  many  in- 
stitutions of  higher  learning,  at  the  head  of  which  stands  the 
great  University  of  Illinois,  now  presided  over  by  one  of  Nor- 
mal's most  distinguished  sons.  Other  Normal  schools  have 
been  establishd  and  new  agencies  for  the  training  of  teachers 
have  been  founded  in  the  universities.  With  these  new  con- 
ditions there  will  arise  new  duties,  new  opportunities  for  our 
alma  mater.  But  the  work  of  the  first  fifty  years  has  the  se- 
curity of  history.  The  energy  of  the  past,  consecrated  to  the 
good  of  education  by  its  conscience  and  moral  strength,  has 
done  its  work,  and  has  exerted  an  influence  upon  education  in 
State  and  nation  that  has  been  healthful,  stimulating,  and  al- 
ways uplifting.  When  the  history  of  the  influence  of  the 
Normal  for  its  next  half  century  is  written,  there  may  be  a 
record  of  greater  usefulness  to  the  cause  of  education  than  can 
now  be  written,  but  we  may  be  assured  that  in  singleness  of 
aim,  in  steadfastness  of  purpose,  in  consecration  to  duty,  as 
duty  was  revealed,  and  in  genial  efficiency  in  execution,  the 
faculty  and  the  boys  and  girls  of  old,  tho  they  may  be  emu- 
lated, can  hardly  be  surpassed. 


CHAPTER  XVI 

THE  I.  s.  N.  u.  CLUBS 


THE  CHICAGO  CLUB 
BY  W.  R.  HEATH,  CLASS  OF  1884 

I.      THE  BEGINNINGS 

In  1888  I  was  four  years  removed  from  my  Normal  stu- 
dent life  and  began  to  see  the  picture  in  a  little  clearer  per- 
spective than  formerly.  The  students  of  the  old  Normal  carry 
something  away  with  them  they  cannot  lose. 

I  am  not  acquainted  with  the  present  faculty  and,  therefore, 
cannot  help  but  feel  sorry  for  the  students  of  this  generation 
because  they  are  denied  the  privilege  of  coming  in  contact  with 
the  sterling  qualities  of  the  faculty  of  the  eighties.  Dr.  Hew- 
ett,  the  man  with  big  heels,  big  head  and  big  heart,  large  in 
every  way  except  size;  Professor  Metcalf,  whose  criticisms 
always  closed  like  a  church  service  with  a  benediction ;  whose 
influence  upon  us  was  like  sunshine  and  spring  showers;  Dr. 
Cook,  whom  we  perhaps  remember  best  because  he  so  many 
times  gave  us  the  worst  of  it;  Dr.  James,  that  clear-headed, 
vigorous  scholar  who  taught  as  one  having  authority ;  Mother 
Haynie,  who  scared  me  almost  to  death  at  first  but  who,  when 
we  became  acquainted,  liked  me  better  and  I  feared  her  less. 

I  could  go  on  and  name  the  whole  list,  every  one  of  whom 
made  an  indelible  impression  upon  the  students  coming  within 
their  influence.  Everyone  who  went  out  from  the  old  Normal 
took  something  of  these  noble  men  and  women  with  him.  This, 
I  am  sure,  was  the  Genesis  of  The  Chicago  Club.  It  was  the 
love  for  the  old  school  which  has  followed  us  all,  even  until 
now. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  215 

If  I  remember  correctly,  the  particular  occasion  which  callea 
for  the  meeting  of  May  5,  1888,  was  the  National  Teachers' 
Convention  which  was  to  be  held  in  Chicago.  I  remember 
prior  to  this  convention  that  we  first  passed  the  word  around 
to  as  many  Normalites  as  we  could  reach,  that  this  meeting 
was  to  be  held,  and  I  believe  the  discussion  was, — how  we 
could  get  the  largest  number  of  the  Normal  crowd  together. 
We  met  at  Lincoln  Park.  We  purchased  a  large  part  of  the 
supplies  of  a  nearby  restaurant,  spread  them  out  on  the  lawn 
and  enjoyed  a  splendid  afternoon.  The  Normal  Club  was 
then  an  established  fact.  I  believe  I  was  elected  its  first  presi- 
dent and  Cora  A.  Lurton  (now  Mrs.  Warrick,  of  Nurnberg, 
Germany,)  was  the  first  secretary.  Hon.  and  Mrs.  R.  A. 
Childs  were  always  very  loyal  to  the  club,  as  were  also  Wm. 
Burry,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Ross  Cook,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  R.  Boyer, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  L.  Hall,  Wm.  Duff  Haynie,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Oscar  L.  McMurry,  H.  P.  and  M.  P.  Metcalf,  O.  J.  Milliken, 
the  Parrs — all  of  them,  Dr.  Sarah  Hackett  Stevenson,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  John  H.  Tear,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  O.  R.  Trowbridge,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  John  M.  Wayman,  and  many  others. 

Surely  men  and  women  like  these  could  not  fail  to  make  a 
club.  The  main  purpose  of  the  club  then,  as  I  presume  it  is 
now,  was  to  renew  acquaintances  and  to  keep  green  the  mem- 
ory of  the  old  school. 


BY  MACK  M.  LANE,  CLASS  OF  1892 
ii.     THE  CAREER 

The  records  show  that  following  closely  after  this  initial 
meeting  there  was  a  meeting  held  at  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel 
for  the  purpose  of  definitely  organizing  the  proposed  club,  and 
it  required  two  more  meetings  during  the  summer  and  fall  to 
perfect  the  organization,  and  these  were  followed  in  the  suc- 
ceeding January  by  a  luncheon  and  social  meeting  at  the  home 
of  J.  H.  and  E.  F.  Parr.  At  this  meeting  Prof.  John  W.  Cook 
and  Miss  Flora  Pennell  of  the  Normal  faculty  were  present, 
and  "The  club  was  favored  by  a  few  informal  remarks  by 
Professor  Cook  and  Professor  Cox"  (quoted  from  the  min- 
utes). I  presume  the  Professor  Cox  mentioned  was  Henry 
C.  Cox,  still  a  principal  in  the  Chicago  schools  and  I  think  the 
oldest  in  point  of  service  of  a  dozen  or  more  Normalites  oc- 
cupying the  position  of  principal  in  the  city. 


216  SEMI-CENTENNIAL,  HISTORY 

This  meeting  in  a  way  established  the  form  that  annual 
meetings  have  since  taken.  Sometimes  the  spread  has  been 
more  pretentious,  in  name  at  least,  and  the  program  more  ex- 
tensive. There  have  been  banquets  at  noted  hotels  and  sup- 
pers at  Hull  House  and  teas  in  club  rooms;  there  have  been 
programs  with  set  speeches  and  evenings  of  comic  debate; 
there  have  been  memorials  for  revered  teachers,  passed  to  their 
reward,  and  times  of  acclaim  for  the  honored  living;  but  in 
all  these  varying  programs  there  has  been  the  looking  back  to 
the  old  school  with  reminiscent  mind  and  softened  heart ;  there 
has  been  the  renewing  of  old  friendships,  and  the  making  of 
lasting  new  ones  on  the  basis  of  a  common  interest,  the  love 
of  the  old  school. 

The  club  is  not  limited  to  graduates  of  the  Normal  Univer- 
sity, nor  to  residents  of  Chicago,  tho  it  is  called  the  Chicago 
Club.  The  constitution  provides  that  anyone  who  has  been 
connected  with  The  School  as  student  or  teacher  may  be  a 
member,  but  custom  has  invited  to  membership  all  who  have 
been  connected  with  the  school  in  any  way,  and  all  territory 
convenient  to  Chicago  is  considered  the  fair  field  of  the  club. 

Mention  is  made  in  the  report  of  the  fourth  meeting,  that 
no  business  was  transacted,  while  the  report  of  the  fifth  meet- 
ing held  about  four  months  later  makes  no  mention  of  eating, 
but  deals  chiefly  with  business,  mention  being  made  of  one 
speech.  The  later  custom  has  been  to  have  a  banquet  with  nu- 
merous toasts  following,  in  which  the  old  Normal  has  always 
been  well  represented ;  the  business  being  conducted  as  briefly 
as  possible. 

Since  the  organization  of  our  club  there  was  one  year  in 
which  there  was  no  meeting.  That  was  probably  due  to  the 
excessive  activity  of  the  club  during  the  previous  year,  1897, 
when  there  were  three  general  meetings.  That  was  the  fortieth 
anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the  Normal  School,  and  we 
were  so  ambitious  as  to  talk  of  celebrating  the  event  in  grand 
style  in  Chicago  and  it  was  to  plan  for  that  celebration  that  the 
first  meeting  was  called.  We  then  learned  that  a  movement 
had  been  begun  at  Normal  for  a  celebration  there.  The  Chi- 
cago Club  then  united  with  the  forces  at  Normal  to  push  their 
celebration  and  to  this  end  held  two  more  meetings,  the  last 
being  the  annual  banquet,  which  was  the  largest  meeting  the 
club  has  ever  held. 

It  was  in  the  announcement  of  the  first  meeting  of  this  year 
that  Prof.  Edmund  J.  James,  then  president  of  the  club,  gave 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  217 

a  definition  of  "Normalite"  which  broadened  the  scope  of  that 
term  somewhat,  as  suggested  in  a  previous  paragraph.  This 
is  his  definition : 

"I  may  say  right  here  that  the  word  Normalite  is  of  un- 
common gender  and  includes  not  only  all  of  the  old  boys  and 
girls  (so  far  as  there  are  any  of  the  latter  category),  but  also 
their  wives  and  husbands  as  well — perhaps  also  their  children." 

The  club  has  grown  gradually  from  about  thirty  charter 
members  to  several  hundred.  The  last  printed  list  contained 
four  hundred  twenty-six  names,  and  the  list  now  in  press,  to 
be  issued  soon  will  contain  more  than  two  hundred  additional 
names. 

We  believe  the  Chicago  Club  of  the  I.S.N.U.  has  done  its 
work  well  and  we  predict  for  it  a  future  career  no  less  bright 
and  helpful  than  its  past.  The  club  always  extends  a  hearty 
welcome  to  newcomers  in  the  city. 


THE  NEW  YORK  CLUB 

DATA  FURNISHED  BY  WILLIAM  J.  MORRISON 
CLASS  OF  1888 

At  the  Asbury  Park,  N.  J.,  meeting  of  the  National  Edu- 
cational Association  in  July,  1905,  three  "old  Normalites"  en- 
gaged in  a  conversation.  These  men  were  R.  R.  Reeder,  '83, 
W.  J.  Morrison,  '88,  and  Grant  Karr,  1891.  To  those  who 
knew  these  men,  or  any  of  them,  it  will  be  no  surprise  to  learn 
that  the  outcome  of  this  conversation  was  a  decision  to  estab- 
lish an  I.S.N.U.  Club  in  New  York  City.  The  plan,  which 
these  men  agreed  on  and  which  was  subsequently  adopted,  in- 
cluded in  the  membership  not  only  the  alumni  and  former 
students  of  the  I.S.N.U.,  but  also  all  enthusiastic  and  loyal 
former  residents  of  Bloomington  and  Normal.  At  present  the 
scope  of  the  club  includes  only  an  annual  reunion  and  banquet 
in  May  or  June. 

At  the  meeting  in  1905,  twenty- four  members  were  pres- 
ent. The  present  list  is  fifty-three.  A  meeting  was  held  on 
May  4,  1907,  at  the  New  Grand  Hotel.  The  officers  for  1906- 
07  are :  President,  Dr.  George  W.  Riley,  '92 ;  Vice-President, 
Dr.  Grant  Karr,  '91 ;  Sec.-Treas.,  William  J.  Morrison,  '88, 
address  319  Stratford  Road,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


218  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

The  present  membership  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  in- 
cludes :  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  M.  McMurry,  of  Teachers'  Col- 
lege, Columbia  University;  Dr.  and  Mrs.  R.  R.  Reeder,  "The 
Orphanage,"  Hastings-on-the-Hudson ;  Dr.  and  Mrs.  George 
W.  Riley;  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Cheesman  A.  Herrick,  of  Philadel- 
phia; Dr.  and  Mrs.  Jas.  J.  Shepperd,  of  the  High  School  of 
Commerce;  Grant  Karr,  New  York  Training  School  for 
Teachers;  Charles  C.  Wilson,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. ;  Wm.  S. 
Mills,  Prin.  of  Public  School  No.  75,  Brooklyn,  and  former 
principal  of  the  Grammar  School  in  the  I.S.N.U. ;  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Jas.  F.  Wilson,  Stuyvesant  High  School,  N.  Y. ;  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Albert  S.  Hanna,  Boys'  High  School,  Brooklyn;  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Charles  M.  Stebbins,  Boys'  High  School,  Brooklyn; 
Prof,  and  Mrs.  James  Harvey  Robinson,  Columbia  University ; 
Robert  H.  Elder,  Assistant  District  Attorney,  Brooklyn;  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Fred  Baker;  Frank  and  Flora  Campbell;  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Frederick  E.  Cook ;  Rachel  Crothers,  playwright,  author 
of  The  Three  of  Us,  played  by  Carlotta  Nillson  for  the  entire 
season  and  said  to  be  one  of  the  best  plays  in  New  York ;  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  W.  H.  Stillhamer;  Clark  Griffith,  manager  of  the 
American  baseball  team  of  New  York ;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vernon 
M.  Holder;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  P.  Fairchild;  Miss  Lura  Eye- 
stone  and  Miss  Berton,  Teachers'  College ;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John 
L.  Hall ;  Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  E.  Welch ;  Prof,  and  Mrs.  Almeron 
W.  Smith,  Principal  of  Public  School  No.  32,  Brooklyn ;  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  H.  W.  Phelps,  Sara  and  Esther  Hart,  Delia  V. 
Chapman,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wm.  J.  Morrison,  Brooklyn  Training 
School  for  Teachers ;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fred  R.  McMurry. 


PART  TWO 


THE  HEROIC  IN  STUDENT  LIFE 


THE  HEROIC  IN  STUDENT  LIFE 

BY  MRS.  SARAH  E.  RAYMOND  FlTZWILUAM,  CLASS  OF  l866 

The  Old  Plank  Walk 

The  story  of  the  old  Normal's  glories  is  in  other  hands, 
while  I  am  to  tell  of  one  of  those  prosaic  accessories,  the  old 
plank  walk.  But  upon  this  the  very  life  and  comfort  of  Nor- 
mal's representatives  largely  depended.  Tho  fully  appreciat- 
ive of  the  difficulty  of  making  such  a  subject  readable,  I  never- 
theless, as  in  days  of  old,  "mind  the  teacher,"  and  venture  the 
attempt  for  "Fools  rush  in  where  angels  fear  to  tread." 

"If  memory  favors  me, 
I  will  a  tale  unfold,  whose  lightest  word 
Would  harrow  up  thy  soul." 

Bloomington  in  the  early  sixties  was  an  unpretentious  town 
of  possibly  ten  thousand  inhabitants.  Normal  was  its  nearest 
neighbor,  and  distant  two  miles.  It  consisted  of  the  University 
building,  a  few  boarding  houses,  and  some  half  dozen  private 
residences,  the  McCambridges,  Fells,  Diedrichs,  Cases,  Bake- 
wells,  Fyffes,  Edwards,  Metcalfs,  and  Hewetts  being  among 
those  best  remembered.  Between  these  two  places  lay  prairie, 
creek,  railroad,  wagon  road,  trees,  brambles,  flowers  and  all 
their  accompanying  associates.  Never  in  any  spot  did  Illinois' 
reputation  for  rich,  black  soil,  deep  and  greasy,  reach  a  higher 
standard  than  along  the  main  road  from  Bloomington  to 
Normal.  Those  were  days  when  no  method  of  public  trans- 
portation existed  between  these  two  points,  not  even  "Dave 
Law's  carriage,  propelled  by  steam  dummies"  had  appeared. 

Lads  and  lasses  who  would  go  to  Normal  U. 
All  must  with  measured  tread  the  dirt  road  pursue. 
When  came  chill  November's  blasts  and  deluge  poured 
On  the  rich  black  earth,  we  cried,  a  board,  a  board. 

Three  maidens,  with  benevolent  spirit  blest; 
Heeded  the  cry  of  those  who  had  been  distrest. 
Their  names  should  be  emblazoned  in  Normal  Hall, 
For  they  gathered  the  sheckels  and  issued  the  call. 


224  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

To  Normal's  boys  who  could  use  hammer  and  saw, 
To  meet  on  Saturday  and  observe  the  law 
Laid  down  by  the  maidens,  to  build  a  plank  walk 
With  two  boards  to  a  span,  so  all  must  "walk  chalk." 

Other  stipulations  involved  in  the  case, 

Named  by  the  boys,  or  they'd  not  enter  the  race, 

Were  "the  planks  for  the  walk  must  be  known  as  green 

So  when  sun-dried,  the  distance  the  two  towns  between 

Would  be  divided  in  half,  to  give  of  time  more, 
To  practice  phonetics  and  hearse  love  lore" 
Cracks,  between  planks,  were  by  agreement  narrow, 
So  lover's  tales  their  neighbors  would  not  harrow. 

Historic  the  day  when  the  hammer  and  saw 
Completed  the  plank  walk  according  to  law. 
A  feast  fit  for  the  gods  was  spread  out  of  door, 
And  workers  bid  to  sample  the  dishes  galore. 

The  setting  sun  stretched  his  celestial  rays  of  light 
Across  the  level  landscape;    'twas  sober-liveried  night 
When  the  valiant  workers  homeward  plodded  their  way 
Triumphant  in  the  hearts  of  the  maidens,  in  work  of  the  day. 

The  steep,  where  fame's  proud  temple  shines,  is  hard  to  climb, 
Flowers  are  born  to  blush  unseen  for  lack  of  time, 
But  Pike,  Dunn,  and  Raymond  of  plank-walk  fame, 
Are  blazoned  in  glory  in  history's  name. 

But  how  can  I  now  from  Pegasus  descend 
And  bring  this  doggerel  to  respectable  end? 
Only  on  bended  knee,  before  the  great  Muse, 
Pray  for  foregiveness  and  past  abuse. 

The  girls  and  boys  of  the  sixties  were  quite  a  little  nearer 
the  pioneer  period  than  those  who  now  frequent  Normal  Halls, 
and,  like  their  parents,  had  helped  hew  the  way  to  comfort 
and  improvement.  Nothing  daunted  them,  they  feared  noth- 
ing, and  each  home  was  a  manual  training  school. 

Night  and  day  this  old  walk  received  innumerable  repre- 
sentatives of  common  leisure.  Side  by  side,  walked;  thigh 
to  thigh  sat  scholar,  athlete  and  Bohemian  in  a  guild  of  fellow- 
ship, for  better  than  the  dusty  ruts  of  learning, — no  fears  to 
beat  away,  no  strife  to  heal, — the  past  unsighed  for  and  the 
future  sure, — learning  a  mutual  respect  and  an  appreciation 
of  life  which  could  not  be  gathered  from  the  contemplation  of 
a  cuneiform  inscription,  or  a  journey  into  the  wastes  of  spher- 
ical trigonometry. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  225 

Of  all  the  beautiful  pictures 

That  hang  on  memory's  wall, 
Are  those  of  the  lads  and  lasses 

Roguish  Cupid  did  enthrall 

As  they  strolled  on  the  walk  immortal 
Made  by  story,  a  road  of  much  fame, 

And  by  the  arts  and  crafts  practiced 
Played  "catch  hearts"  to  a  winning  game. 

"One  tied  her  bonnet  under  her  chin 
And  tied  a  young  man's  heart  within." 

Like  Hebe  in  her  ruddiest  hour 
Another  with  divining  eyes  did  win. 

Forty  years  is  not  a  long  term  in  the  life  of  a  nation ;  nei- 
ther is  it  in  the  life  of  a  city,  but  it  well-nigh  spans  the  useful 
activities  of  an  individual.  Life's  school  is  nearly  over  for 
some  of  us.  To  some  it  has  been  easy ;  to  some  it  is  still  hard. 
Some  of  us  are  unfortunate  enough  to  have  to  learn  our  les- 
sons over  and  over  again.  But  to  all  of  us  there  is  a  home- 
coming at  night  when  the  sun  sets.  And  when  as  little  simple 
children  we  join  the  ever  swelling  home-coming,  shall  we  be 
greeted  by  our  sweet  smiling  mother  of  old  ? 


Burial  of  Section  A. 

It  had  been  the  annual  custom  of  allowing  Section  A  a 
day  in  May  to  put  the  finishing  touches  on  their  themes.  This 
was  called  "Theme  Day."  This  gave  an  occasion  for  Section  C 
to  drape  the  seats  of  the  seniors  signifying  their  school  death. 

In  the  spring  of  '83,  Section  C  decided  to  depart  from  the 
usual  custom  and  have  a  regular  funeral.  When  "Theme 
Day"  dawned,  the  people  of  Bloomington  and  Normal  saw 
the  towns  placarded  with  the  following  notice : 

"SUCCUMBED  TO  THEMES 

SECTION  A. 
Funeral  services  on  the 

University  Campus 
At  4  o'clock  P.  M.  today." 

Promptly  at  four  a  procession  of  veiled  men  and  women 
dressed  in  black,  led  by  O.  J.  Milliken,  the  priest,  six  pall-bear- 
ers carrying  a  coffin,  and  a  brass  band  with  muffled  drums, 
filed  out  of  room  eleven,  thru  the  assembly  hall,  down  to  the 
campus.  The  coffin  contained  a  dummy  with  a  negro  false 
face,  and  across  the  lid  was  printed  in  large  white  letters — 


226  SEMI-CENTENNIAIy  HISTORY 

"Our  Darling."  During  the  previous  hour  a  grave  had  been 
dug  about  four  hundred  feet  north  of  the  University.  As  the 
procession  solemnly  emerged  from  the  University  it  was 
greeted  with  a  throng  of  possibly  five  thousand  spectators  who 
had  gathered  to  see  the  fun.  Meanwhile  Section  A,  under 
the  leadership  of  John  L.  Hall,  Fred  Smedley,  and  Harry 
Hammers,  armed  with  clubs,  came  marching  from  the  west 
and  arrived  at  the  scene  just  as  the  coffin  was  being  lowered 
and  the  priest  was  pronouncing  the  last  benediction,  "Dust  to 
Dust,  Ashes  to  Ashes,  and  Brains  to  Brains."  W.  R.  Heath 
arose  and  said,  "Let  us  all  sing  the  'Doxology.' '  Just  then  a 
club  was  thrown  thru  the  drum.  This  was  a  signal  for  action 
and  everybody  acted.  During  the  melee,  the  coffin  was  stolen 
and  several  of  the  participants  had  to  be  carried  from  the  field 
on  stretchers.  Harmony  was  not  restored  until  Section  C 
gave  a  banquet  to  Section  A,  at  which  time  everybody  was 
forced  to  swallow  his  grievance. 


The  Man  in  the  Moon. 

About  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  when  the  present 
I.S.N.U.  was,  so  to  speak,  but  half  grown,  there  was  published 
anonymously  at  the  University  a  little  booklet  entitled  The  Man 
in  the  Moon  which  was  evidently  meant  as  a  sort  of  gay  and 
unrestrained  tho  harmless  satire  upon  the  customs  and  condi- 
tions then  in  vogue  at  our  alma  mater  as  viewed  by  some  of 
the  more  daring  and  romantic  among  the  students  of  that  day. 

While  nothing  is  revealed  as  to  the  number  or  identity  of 
the  writers  participating  in  this  unique  venture,  the  booklet 
contains  sufficient  internal  evidence  to  warrant  the  conclusion 
that  it  emanated  from  the  student  mind;  furthermore,  that 
"Noah  kount  Phd.,  etc."  is  a  composite  pseudonym  for  the  au- 
thors of  these  frivolous  and  disconnected  compositions  as  they 
could  not  have  been  the  effusions  of  a  single  mind.  Probably 
the  etc.  was  meant  to  indicate  diversity  of  authorship  rather 
than  the  more  obvious  suggestion  of  diverse  or  additional 
scholastic  decorations. 

Very  great  secrecy  enveloped  the  enterprise  from  start  to 
finish  as  it  was  considered  an  extremely  hazardous  undertak- 
ing. Of  course,  the  secret  was  to  a  certain  extent  shared  by 
one-third  of  the  student  body,  it  being  estimated  that  some- 


IUJNOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  227 

thing  like  one  hundred  copies  were  sold  by  advance  subscrip- 
tion, merely  upon  an  oral  statement  of  the  name  and  character 
of  the  publication.  This  fact  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the 
authors  must  have  been  well-known  and  of  good  standing 
among  their  fellows. 

Much  anxiety  was  felt  by  the  more  careful  and  conscien- 
tious among  the  friends  of  the  conspirators,  it  is  said,  upon 
the  attitude  which  the  faculty  might  assume.  Grave  fears  were 
entertained  that  the  offense  might  be  considered  sufficient 
cause  for  expulsion.  Indeed,  it  has  been  intimated  that  among 
the  gentler  sex  it  was  seriously  questioned  whether  it  was  not 
treasonable  to  own  a  copy. 

The  faculty  was  equally  reticent  in  regard  to  the  matter. 
For  while  it  was  currently  reported,  upon  what  authority  is 
not  clearly  known,  that  certain  meetings  of  the  faculty  were 
devoted  to  discussion  of  the  episode,  it  is  not  thought  that  the 
perpetrators  were  ever  even  so  much  as  suitably  admonished 
upon  the  subject.  Whether  this  was  due  to  the  impenetrable 
mystery  surounding  the  identity  of  the  persons  implicated  in 
the  plot,  or  to  a  feeling  on  the  part  of  some  that  the  whole 
matter  should  be  considered  as  a  joke  and  treated  with  digni- 
fied silence,  is  a  question  which  for  a  long  time  was  much 
disputed. 

Owing  to  the  limited  circulation  it  is  believed  that  the  au- 
thors could  not  have  received  as  proceeds  of  the  sales  more 
than  enough  to  meet  the  expenses  of  printing  and  binding. 

The  inventors  of  this  little  bit  of  entertaining  frivolity  need 
not  be  named.  Those  for  whom  this  sketch  is  intended  will 
are  now  enrolled  in  a  higher  school,  and  maybe  one  at  least 
of  the  frolicsome  young  authors  has  gone  to  his  long  home. 


Working  the  Roads 

In  the  spring  of  1877,  about  twenty-five  of  the  boys  were 
notified  by  the  local  authorities  to  work  the  usual  two  days  on 
the  roads.  A  meeting  of  the  students  interested  in  the  matter 
was  held  in  Dr.  Sewell's  room,  and  the  subject  was  thoroly 
discussed.  It  was  decided  that  they  should  turn  out  in  a  body, 
each  one  taking  three  others  to  work  on  his  time,  thus  putting 
in  the  required  two  days  in  half  a  day.  A  committee  of  five, 
consisting  of  Messrs.  Gillan,  Berkstresser,  Faulkner,  Boyer, 
and  Bainum,  was  appointed  to  make  necessary  arrangements 


228  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

for  the  particulars  of  the  plan.    The  committee  drew  up  a  code 
of  regulations  which  all  agreed  to  observe,  to  the  effect  that: 

1.  All  were  to  come  to  school  at  the  usual  time  the  next 
morning,  and  remain  until  after  devotional  exercises  and  spell- 
ing, and  when  the  classes  passed  out,  file  down  stairs,  form  in 
line  in  front  of  the  building,  and  march  to  the  scene  of  the 
day's  labor. 

2.  White  shirts,  collars,  coats,  and  jewelry  of  any  kind, 
were  strictly  forbidden  to  be  worn. 

3.  As  far  as  practicable,  pantaloons  must  be  worn  inside 
of  boots. 

4.  Each  should  be  provided  with  whatever  implement  for 
digging  he  might  be  able  to  improvise. 

The  next  morning  a  unique  and  motley  crowd  assembled, 
bearing  a  great  variety  of  implements,  from  a  grubbing  hoe  to 
a  garden  rake  and  a  fire  shovel.  Edward  Faulkner  was  chosen 
captain,  and  the  company,  consisting  of  eighty  members,  was 
divided  into  squads  of  eight,  each  commanded  by  a  sub-boss. 
Forming  in  line,  they  marched  to  the  place  designated  by  the 
roadmaster,  just  south  of  the  iron  bridge  over  Sugar  Creek, 
on  Main  street.  After  working  (?)  about  an  hour,  three  of 
the  "busy  B's,"  Berkstresser,  Bainum,  and  Burger,  were  sent 
to  Bloomington  to  get  a  supply  of  liquid  consolation,  as  the 
day  was  warm  and  the  "work"  thirst-provoking.  Owing  to 
the  fact  that  the  committee  required  so  much  time  to  "sample" 
the  different  varieties,  it  was  near  noon  when  they  returned 
in  company  with  a  drayman  and  a  barrel  of  cider.  Sitting  in 
the  shade  of  the  maples  by  the  road  side,  the  crowd,  by  this 
time  augmented  to  one  hundred,  or  more,  soon  emptied  the 
barrel.  The  remainder  of  the  program  consisted  in  building 
a  memorial  mound  of  earth  some  six  or  eight  feet  high,  in  the 
middle  of  the  road,  making  speeches,  listening  to  vocal  music 
by  a  colored  man,  who,  passing  by,  was  captured  and  urged  to 
sing,  altho  he  protested  that  he  had  not  time  to  wait,  and  the 
final  homeward  march.  A  large  stone  was  selected  from  the 
creek  near  the  Chicago  and  Alton  railroad,  and  taken  thru 
the  streets  of  Normal  to  the  front  of  the  city  council's  office, 
where  it  was  planted  by  the  sidewalk  with  appropriate  cere- 
monies. In  dedicating  the  stone  as  a  memorial  to  the  city 
council,  Hoffman,  Gillan,  and  Stephenson  were  called  on  for 
speeches,  and  each  one  of  the  audience  contributed  a  fitting 
sentiment  as  he  put  in  his  spadeful  or  hoeful  of  earth. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  229 

Two  days  later  was  commencement.  By  preconcerted  ar- 
rangement, at  the  close  of  the  exercises,  the  boys  repaired  to 
the  west  steps  of  the  building,  where,  in  a  neat  and  appropriate 
speech,  Mr.  Edward  Faulkner,  in  behalf  of  those  who  had 
worked  on  the  road,  presented  the  roadmaster  with  a  hat,  as 
a  token  of  good  feeling  and  respect,  he  having  acted  in  the 
matter  only  in  obedience  to  the  legal  direction  of  the  city  coun- 
cil, but  having  treated  the  boys  in  a  most  gentlemanly  and 
generous  manner. 


The  Liberal  Fight. 

In  the  fall  of  1874,  the  following  young  men,  who  were 
then  students  of  the  State  Normal  University,  organized  a  so- 
ciety, termed  the  "Liberal  Club,"  which  originally  consisted  of 
John  Shearer,  Samuel  Wadsworth,  L.  B.  Wood,  Stephen 
Spear,  Charles  Howard,  Christopher  Stephenson,  George  Snell- 

ing,  Asbury  Crawford, McPherson, Hume,  Adam 

Hoffman,  and  Geo.  L.  Hoffman,  which  was  subsequently 
joined  by  W.  C.  Gemmill,  S.  B.  Hursh,  J.  N.  Hursh,  Cyrus  W. 

Picking,   George   Beaty,   Albert   Snare,   Dorus   Hatch,  

Brown,  a  Hindoo,  Charles  Schwer, Merriett, Tren- 

chard,  and  others.  The  objects  were  mutual  improvement,  and 
an  impartial  investigation,  as  near  as  might  be,  of  such  subjects 
as  might  be  deemed  beneficial  and  of  common  interest  to  the 
members  of  the  club.  Free  scope  was  given  to  a  proper  discus- 
sion of  any  subject  under  consideration,  each  member  feeling 
that  his  honest  opinions  could  be  frankly  stated  and  his  doubts 
exprest  without  restraint.  No  matter  how  diversified  the  opin- 
ions of  the  different  members,  each  member  and  his  opinions 
were  to  be  treated  with  respect,  whether  upon  questions  of 
education,  politics,,  science,  morals,  or  religion.  Hence  the 
name,  "Liberal  Club."  To  many,  the  name  suggested  that  the 
club  was  antagonistic  to  orthodox  religion,  but  this  was  pri- 
marily foreign  to  its  object,  although,  incidentally,  its  members 
invaded  the  domain  of  orthodoxy,  for  opinions  were  freely 
exprest  upon  various  phases  of  religion,  its  creeds,  doctrines, 
and  sects,  as  well  as  upon  other  topics  of  interest.  The  club 
work  consisted  in  reading  and  commenting  upon  Tynclall's 
Belfast  Address,  Draper's  Intellectual  Development  of  Europe, 
Huxley,  Darwin,  Winshel  on  Evolution,  Herbert  Spencer, 
Butler's  Analogy,  Theodore  Parker's  Discourse  on  Religion, 


230  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

and  other  books  of  like  character.     Besides,  essays  were  writ- 
ten by  the  members,  and  read  and  criticized  by  the  club. 

All  the  members  were  liberally  inclined  in  their  religious 
views,  and  frequently  gave  expression  to  their  religious  senti- 
ments in  the  Wrightonian  and  Philadelphian  Societies.  Of 
this,  the  strict  orthodox  members  of  these  Societies  disap- 
proved, and  especially  those  belonging  to  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association;  consequently,  they  arrayed  themselves 
against  the  Liberal  Club,  and  recognized  its  members  as  an- 
tagonistic to  religion  and  its  institutions,  and  endeavored  to 
tolerate  no  exercises  in  the  societies  which  tended  to  be  at  vari- 
ance with  orthodox  doctrine.  The  Liberals,  acting  on  the  de- 
fensive, claimed  that  the  societies  were  secular  institutions,  and 
that  there  was  no  more  impropriety  in  discussing  theological 
subjects,  in  an  honest  and  candid  manner,  than  there  was  in 
treating  other  topics.  This  opposition  to  the  Liberals  brought 
about  a  zealous  rivalry  between  the  Liberals  and  their  friends, 
and  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  and  their  sym- 
pathizers. 

The  strong  opposition  to  the  Liberals  became  clearly  mani- 
fested in  the  societies  after  the  Liberals  had  arranged  to  pre- 
pare a  program  for  each  society,  which  was  to  consist  of 
exercises  given  by  members  of  the  Liberal  Club  alone.  The 
proposition  had  been  accepted  by  Mr.  Drayton,  president  of 
the  Philadelphian  Society,  and  Josiah  Hodge,  president  of  the 
Wrightonian  Society.  This  was  in  the  fall  of  1874  or  1875. 
Adam  Hoffman,  who  was  a  member  of  the  Liberal  Club,  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Hodge  as  president  of  the  Wrightonian  Society. 
It  was  during  Hoffman's  administration  that  the  program  pre- 
pared by  the  Liberals  for  the  Wrightonian  Society  was  given. 
For  admitting  this  program,  the  president  was  censured  by  a 
majority  vote  of  the  society.  This  motion  was  made  and  sup- 
ported by  members  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
and  others  opposed  to  the  Liberal  Club.  This  motion  called 
forth  heated  discussion  for  several  evenings,  and  finally  a  mo- 
tion to  strike  the  vote  of  censure  from  the  record  prevailed, 
without  a  dissenting  voice.  Some  of  those  who  supported  the 
motion  of  censure,  after  due  deliberation,  concluded  that  they 
were  hasty.  The  trouble  in  the  Wrightonian  Society  was  thus 
ended.  The  program  prepared  by  the  Liberals  for  the  Phila- 
delphian Society,  was  given  after  some  little  opposition.  No 
reasonable  objection  could  be  urged  against  the  character  of 
these  programs.  They  were  in  every  respect  commendable 
and  worthy  to  be  offered  in  the  society  halls.  The  opposition 


IUJNOIS  STATE  NORMAIv  UNIVERSITY.  231 

was  to  the  privilege  granted  to  the  Liberals,  rather  than  to  the 
nature  of  their  exercises.  The  leaders  of  the  opposition  to  the 
Liberals  were  W.  S.  Mills,  L.  C.  Dougherty,  J.  P.  Hodge, 
James  Ellis,  B.  F.  Stocks,  Kenyon,  and  others. 

The  next  contest  took  place  in  the  Philadelphian  Society  at 
its  spring  election,  when  there  were  two  candidates  for  presi- 
dent, viz. :  Laybourn  and  Charles  McMurry,  the  latter  receiv- 
ing the  support  of  the  Liberals,  altho  he  had  no  connection 
with  them,  and  the  former  being  the  choice  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association.  There  would  have  been  no  difficulty  at 
this  election  had  not  Laybourn's  supporters  promulgated  that 
the  Liberals  were  supporting  McMurry,  and  that  McMurry 
must  be  defeated.  This  caused  an  issue  to  be  made  between  the 
Liberals  and  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  at  this 
election.  Both  parties  zealously  engaged  in  securing  voters 
and  advocating  their  claims.  On  the  day  of  election,  when  the 
result  was  announced,  it  was  evident  that  Charles  McMurry 
was  elected,  whereupon  a  few  of  Laybourn's  ardent  supporters 
charged  fraud  upon  the  judges,  George  Beaty,  D.  C.  Tyler 
and  Miss  Mary  Anderson,  and,  at  the  following  meeting  of 
the  society,  succeeded  in  carrying  a  motion  for  another  elec- 
tion, without  first  duly  investigating  the  election.  This  arbi- 
trary move  was  denounced  as  unjust  and  illegal  by  McMurry's 
friends.  The  excitement  was  intense  for  several  days.  Special 
meetings  were  called  for  the  purpose  of  determining  the  proper 
mode  of  proceeding  for  an  investigation  of  the  election,  but  no 
terms  could  be  reached  other  than  that  there  should  be  another 
election  without  further  ceremony.  The  McMurry  constitu- 
ents refused  to  yield  their  position.  The  strife  was  growing 
fiercer,  day  by  day,  and  no  compromise  could  be  effected,  until 
finally  some  of  the  members  of  the  faculty  saw  proper  and 
necessary  to  advise.  Upon  their  suggestion  that  it  would  be 
best  to  consent  to  another  election  without  further  difficulty, 
the  Liberals  and  McMurry's  friends  yielded,  and  another  elec- 
tion was  called.  The  excitement  had  risen  to  such  a  pitch  that 
it  interfered  with  the  regular  school  work  of  those  who  were 
most  interested.  As  soon  as  it  was  conceded  that  there  would 
be  another  election,  both  factions  at  once  proceeded  to  solicit 
members  to  pay  their  dues,  so  that  they  could  vote.  Before 
the  close  of  the  election,  the  number  of  voting  members  in  the 
Philadelphian  Society  was  more  than  doubled,  and  the  election 
again  resulted  in  favor  of  Charles  McMurry.  Both  candidates 
were  highly  esteemed  by  the  students,  and  either  would  have 
been  satisfactory  so  far  as  they  were  individually  concerned. 


232  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

But  the  fight  was  between  the  factions,  rather  than  for  their 
candidates.  When  McMurry's  election  was  announced,  a  scene 
of  wild  excitement  took  place.  After  this  election,  all  differ- 
ences were  adjusted,  and  the  waging  factions  ceased  their  hos- 
tilities toward  each  other,  and  it  was  generously  conceded  by 
the  leaders  in  the  fight  that  both  parties  were  too  rash,  and 
acted  imprudently.  It  is  an  event  that  will  always  be  remem- 
bered by  those  who  attended  school  during  the  period  of  the 
Liberal  contest.  Whatever  the  Liberal  or  the  Orthodox  may 
have  said  in  the  societies  which  was  of  sufficient  force  to  call 
forth  comment  must  at  last  have  been  of  mutual  benefit,  either 
in  tempering  or  strengthening  both  in  their  respective  con- 
victions. 


Illustrations  of  Early  Times. 

One  of  our  early  peculiarities  was  the  possession  of  ninety 
acres  of  land  for  a  model  farm,  and  the  existence  of  the  idea 
that  agricultural  chemistry,  if  no  more,  was  to  be  taught  in  the 
institution.  With  the  laudable  desire  to  spread  a  little  agri- 
cultural knowledge  over  as  large  a  surface  as  possible,  the 
board  managed  to  secure  a  course  of  lecture_s  on  chemistry, 
with  the  intention  of  making,  eventually,  some  kind  of  uni- 
versal application  of  the  principles  to  the  agricultural  improve- 
ment of  the  State,  thru  the  knowledge  infused  or  injected  into 
the  Normal  School.  A  lecturer  was  therefore  employed,  who 
gave  us  highly  interesting  discourses  upon  the  principles  of 
chemistry.  He  laid  down  the  law  at  a  galloping  pace,  took  us 
below  the  crust  of  the  earth  and  beyond  the  planetary  bodies 
in  a  remarkably  short  time,  pouring  out  knowledge  at  the  rate 
of  no  one  knows  how  many  volumes  per  month. 

Had  we  all  been  short-hand  reporters,  and  had  we  been 
given  time  to  write  out  and  study  his  information,  it  is  quite 
probable  we  might  have  acquired  some  knowledge  of  the  great 
science  of  chemistry,  and  might  at  some  future  day,  when 
teaching  in  the  rural  districts,  have  given  the  world  some  bene- 
fit from  the  lightning  calculations.  But  as  we  knew  nothing 
of  the  tricks  of  short-hand  writing,  and  were  not  even  allowed 
to  take  notes,  and  had  no  breathing  spells  allowed  for  that  pur- 
pose, it  naturally  happened  that  the  old  adage  pertaining  to 
things  that  go  in  at  one  ear  and  out  at  another  had  pertinent 
application.  After  a  number  of  weeks  of  this  treatment,  some 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY. 

one,  possibly  one  of  our  hardworking  drill  masters,  with  a 
weary  experience  of  our  general  dullness,  suggested  that  in  all 
probability,  the  pupils  were  not  fully  appreciating  the  magnifi- 
cent ideas  cast  before  their  feeble  understandings.  But  our  re- 
markable lecturer,  who  fully  understood  his  own  teachings, 
believed  he  had  been  so  careful  in  his  statements,  and  had 
made  his  way  so  remarkably  straight  and  plain  that  the  school 
had  certainly  mastered  the  subject  as  far  as  he  had  progressed, 
and  refused  to  believe  there  was  any  doubt  upon  the  subject. 

It  was  then  suggested  that  in  order  to  test  our  knowledge, 
a  written  examination  be  sprung  upon  us  without  warning, 
and  that  the  result  would  show  our  ignorance,  tho  it  might 
not  prove  his  failure  to  give  us  an  opportunity  to  learn.  The 
lecturer  at  once  fell  into  the  trap,  if  trap  there  was.  We  were 
provided  with  blank  paper  in  the  ordinary  way,  and  a  list  of 
questions  was  propounded  in  the  ordinary  way.  In  his  anxiety 
to  prove  our  thoroness,  he  gave  but  a  few  simple  questions. 
The  latter  were  in  many  instances  answered  correctly,  but  as 
the  pupils  might  have  learned  these  points  thru  general  sources 
of  information,  the  real  test  was  considered  to  be  the  answers 
to  questions  of  a  technical  nature.  These  were  generally  so 
far  above  the  pupil's  comprehension  that  very  little  stationery 
was  spoiled  by  any  attempt  at  answering,  and  the  paper,  like 
our  minds,  came  out  of  the  ordeal  as  blank  as  before.  One 
question  I  shall  never  forget,  tho  the  proper  answer  has  not 
been  found  in  twenty  years  of  extensive  reading,  "What  is  Al- 
lotropism?"  Only  three  or  four  attempted  to  grapple  with 
this  terrible  fiend.  One  believed  it  a  system  of  medicine  in  op- 
position to  homeopathy;  one  believed  it  a  species  of  extinct 
mammalia ;  and  one  did  actually  show,  by  his  answer,  that  the 
word  had  been  railroaded  into  some  previous  lecture.  I  shall 
never  forget  the  expression  of  our  lecturer's  face  as  he  read 
these  answers  which  were  to  be  taken  as  evidence  of  his  ad- 
mirable system,  and  which  gave  proof  so  conclusive  that  the 
lecturer's  platform  was  after  that  generally  vacant  during 
the  early  days  of  the  Normal. 


Another  theory  was  tested  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  school, 
but  it  never  came  to  a  full  and  final  end  in  my  time,  and  this 
was  the  idea  that  each  and  every  person  can  be  made  a  musi- 
cian, or  a  teacher  of  music.  Some  of  the  members  of  the  State 
Board  went  so  far  as  to  refuse  to  believe  a  pupil  should  be  al- 
lowed to  graduate  unless  he  was  able  to  teach  music  and  lead 


234  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

in  singing.  Prof.  C.  M.  Cady,  of  Chicago,  was  employed,  with 
strict  instructions  to  spare  no  pains  to  prove  the  correctness  of 
the  theory  of  the  existence  of  universal  musical  ability.  He 
divided  the  school  into  four  sections.  "A"  was  made  up  of 
good  singers,  those  who  had  good  voices,  and  also  could  read 
music  readily  by  sight.  "B"  included  moderately  well-in- 
formed singers,  and  those  who  were  capable  of  being  rapidly 
advanced.  "C"  comprised  all  with  a  natural  ear  for  music; 
those  whose  voices  needed  training  to  fit  them  for  a  place  in  the 
upper  classes.  According  to  popular  report,  section  "D"  was 
made  up  of  "birds  that  couldn't  sing,  and  that  could  never  be 
made  to  sing."  This  class  was  small,  but  desperate.  It  la- 
bored zealously  to  grasp  the  rudiments  of  the  grand  art,  but  its 
best  efforts  were  failures,  and  it  became,  in  the  course  of  a 
year  or  so,  the  laughing  stock  of  the  entire  school.  Being  an 
early  and  constant  member  of  this  class,  I  have  a  right  to  men- 
tion its  woes  and  tribulations,  and  to  observe  that  it  finally 
graduated  from  the  pursuit  of  knowledge  under  these  difficul- 
ties, by  rising  in  a  body  and  leaving  the  hall  when  the  music 
hour  arrived, — no  permission  being  asked  or  given, — it  being 
tacitly  conceded  that  the  pet  theory  of  universal  musical  train- 
ing had  broken  under  the  strain. 


Music  and  penmanship  were  to  be  supplemented  by  the 
elegant  accomplishment  of  drawing,  and  we  were  engaged 
three  hours  each  week  in  this  delightful  pastime.  Our  instruc- 
tor was  a  sedate  Episcopal  clergyman,  whose  home  was  at 
Springfield.  He  believed  in  training  all  the  faculties,  and  was 
anxious  we  should  acquire  proper  ideas  of  perspective,  and 
lines,  and  shades,  and  shadows,  and  become  experts  in  some 
one  branch  of  this  delightful  art.  He  conceived  the  idea  of 
teaching  the  construction  of  capital  letters  on  a  large  scale, 
giving  blackboard  exercises  to  the  whole  school  by  sections, 
in  hopes,  I  suppose,  that  we  might  some  day  compete  with  sign 
painters.  I  remember  that  when  his  class  was  examined  at  the 
close  of  the  winter  term  in  1860,  our  beloved  professor  re- 
quested section  "C"  to  give  an  illustration  of  the  method  of 
constructing  the  letter  "E."  History  compels  me  to  remark 
that  several  of  his  pupils  had  attained  such  proficiency  that 
they  certainly  were  fully  worthy  of  taking  rank  with  second- 
class  sign  painters,  and  their  capital  letters  were  really  almost 
capital  specimens  of  art. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  235 

Our  Mr.  Hewett  was  much  given  to  bright  sayings  and 
happy  retorts  and  on  this  occasion  he  perpetrated  one  of  his 
very  best.  Passing  in  review  in  front  of  the  long  blackboard 
in  company  with  our  professor,  he  quietly  remarked:  "Sec- 
tion C  has  performed  today  with  great  ease."  (E's.)  Our 
quiet  teacher,  not  given  to  writ  and  humor,  agreed  with  a  gentle 
laugh,  and  thru  his  mind  there  galloped  no  idea  of  the  pe- 
culiar humor  of  the  remark.  During  the  evening  of  that  day, 
at  a  social  gathering  of  teachers  and  pupils,  someone  explained 
to  our  drawing  master,  with  not  a  little  difficulty,  the  real  point 
of  Mr.  Hewett's  little  joke.  When  he  thoroly  took  in  the  situ- 
ation, his  joy  and  gratification  knew  no  bounds.  "Section  'C' 
performed  with  great  E's"  he  repeated  over  and  over  again, 
and  seemed  at  last  to  fully  realize  that  something  truly  good 
had  actually  been  said. 


If  any  have  never  heard  of  the  great  and  good  Professor 
Washington  Irving  Vescellius,  or  the  great  American  card 
writer,  they  would  thank  me  for  the  information  that  he  was 
the  first  "professor"  employed  in  the  Normal  University.  Be- 
fore his  time,  down  to  a  somewhat  later  date,  all  our  instruc- 
tors were  teachers,  and  they  were  unsparing  in  ridiculing  the 
ordinary  professors  of  the  State.  How  the  title  ever  took  root 
here,  after  our  experience  with  the  great  Vescellius,  passes  my 
humble  comprehension.  This  remarkable  professor  gave  gen- 
eral writing  lessons  to  the  whole  school,  much  after  the  fashion 
of  the  agricultural  chemistry  class.  Under  his  tuition,  all  the 
students  were  to  be  brought  to  the  highest  style  of  penman- 
ship, and  after  graduation,  were  to  be  prepared  to  compete 
with  other  American  card  writers,  and  might  be  supposed 
capable  of  conducting  an  evening  writing  school.  This  ac- 
complishment, when  added  like  a  mansard  roof  to  the  ability 
to  teach  music,  would  effectually  dispense  with  the  traveling 
professor,  whose  cards  displaying  impossible  doves  and  eagles 
are  hung  up  in  the  postoffices  and  other  public  resorts,  and 
with  the  above-mentioned  musical  accomplishment,  render 
writing  and  singing  teachers  extinct  races,  only  to  be  met  with 
in  the  lightest  of  light  literature  of  the  day.  Professor  Wash- 
ington Irving  Vescellius  was  considerably  inflated  by  the  pro- 
motion thus  accorded  to  his  merit,  gave  his  whole  soul  to  the 
work,  and  delighted  himself  and  the  school  by  the  most  bril- 
liant blackboard  exercises.  Upon  one  unfortunate  occasion  he 
told  the  school  the  lesson  of  the  day  was  to  be  the  "shyro- 


236  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

graphic  curve,"  and  the  general  subject  of  "shyrography."  I 
believe  the  gentleman  wondered  why  this  particular  lesson 
proved  so  amusing  to  the  school,  and  that  he  believed  himself 
a  much  injured  person,  when  the  faculty  soon  after  dispensed 
with  his  further  services. 


The  Eclipse  of  the  Moon. 

In  the  fall  of  1874,  on  a  certain  Saturday  evening,  a  total 
eclipse  of  the  moon  was  advertised.  The  performance  was  to 
begin  at  one  o'clock  Sunday  morning.  After  society  meeting, 
those  who  were  members  of  the  "seventh  hour  class"  strolled 
off  in  groups,  two  in  a  group,  or  whiled  away  the  blissful  mo- 
ments discussing  the  critic's  report,  or  the  general  topic  of 
spelling ;  feeling  all  the  while  that  eclipses  were  a  grand,  good 
blessing  to  those  who  found  it  difficult  to  frame  excuses  for 
occupying  the  parlor  late  at  night  and  burning  so  much  of  the 
landlady's  kerosene.  The  strictly  steady  ones  went  to  bed; 
for,  truth  to  tell,  many  of  them  had  not  heard  that  there  was 
going  to  be  an  eclipse.  A  few  boys,  however,  determined  to 
"raise  a  racket"  worthy  of  the  occasion.  Gathering  about 
forty  on  the  east  side,  they  crossed  the  University  campus  to 
the  west  side,  where  were  a  large  number  of  boys,  "batching" 
and  in  clubs.  Most  of  them  were  asleep.  Collecting  about  the 
houses,  the  crowd  would  make  night  hideous  until  those  within 
were  prevailed  upon  to  join  the  party.  Re-crossing  the 
ground,  with  numbers  doubled,  they  reached  the  club  house, 
popularly  known  as  "Saint's  Rest,"  next  door  to  Dr.  Hewett's 
residence,  and  quieter  measures  at  first  were  resorted  to  in 
order  to  raise  the  boys,  who  were  chiefly  of  the  strictly  cir- 
cumspect sort.  A  committee  of  two  or  three  went  to  each 
room,  but  some  of  those  within,  probably  filled  with  visions  of 
cruel  hazing,  resolutely  refused  to  admit  the  callers.  In  vain 
the  explanation  was  made  that  the  intention  was  only  to  raise 
as  large  a  crowd  as  possible,  call  out  one  of  the  professors  and 
get  him  to  "talk  eclipse."  One  burly,  broad-shouldered  fel- 
low displayed  violent  symptoms  of  becoming  unpleasantly 
pugilistic.  All  but  two  or  three,  however,  yielded  at  last,  and 
by  this  time  the  eclipse  was  coming  on. 

As  to  which  one  of  the  faculty  should  be  called  out,  was 
the  next  question.  Edwards  wouldn't  do.  He  would  prob- 
ably take  it  amiss.  So  thought  several  of  the  leaders  of  the 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  237 

party  who  did  not  happen  to  be  on  the  most  amicable  terms 
with  the  president.  "Doc"  (Sewall)  was  just  the  man,  but  he 
was  not  at  home.  Professor  Hewett  was  selected  as  the  vic- 
tim. The  company  of  about  one  hundred  ranged  along  the 
street  in  front  of  the  professor's  house.  A  committee  of  three 
"waited  on  him"  by  vigorously  ringing  the  door-bell  until  he 
was  wakened.  It  would  seriously  impair  the  writer's  reputa- 
tion as  a  truthful  historian  to  say  that  Dr.  Hewett  was  in  full 
dress  when  he  appeared  at  the  door  to  inquire,  "What's  the 
matt  erf"  With  a  word  of  explanation  from  the  boys,  he  took 
in  the  situation  in  a  moment.  Said  he  had  returned  late  in 
the  evening  from  a  trip  by  rail,  and  too  weary  and  sleepy  to 
sit  up  till  the  time  of  the  eclipse,  had  gone  to  bed,  but  thanked 
the  boys  kindly  for  waking  him.  Then,  putting  on  wraps,  he 
came  out,  and  for  more  than  an  hour  entertained  and  in- 
structed us  with  explanations  and  facts  regarding  the  heavenly 
bodies.  Altogether  it  was  probably  the  best  remembered  lec- 
ture on  astronomy  that  any  of  those  who  heard  it  listened  to 
during  their  course  in  school. 


The  "Stolen"  Record. 

Perhaps  there  never  was  a  time  in  the  history  of  the  Phila- 
delphian  and  Wrightonian  Societies  when  rivalry  took  on  a 
more  intense  feeling  than  it  did  in  1889-1890.  After  the  lapse 
of  years  the  episode  that  started  the  trouble  seems  far  less  im- 
portant than  it  once  did,  but  it  would  be  difficult  to  exaggerate 
the  bitterness  of  the  feeling  that  existed  at  the  time.  Friend- 
ships close  and  intimate  were  strained  to  the  breaking  point, 
charges  and  counter-charges  filled  the  air  for  weeks,  numerous 
meetings  were  held,  resolutions  were  passed,  lawyers  were 
consulted,  and  it  seemed  for  a  time  as  if  the  courts  would  have 
to  pass  upon  the  weighty  questions  involved.  In  the  end 
temperate  counsel  suggested  a  compromise,  which  tho  not  al- 
together satisfactory  to  either  side,  seemed  to  relieve  the  ten- 
sion, and  make  it  possible  for  each  of  the  contending  parties 
to  withdraw  more  or  less  gracefully  from  the  stern  struggle 
"for  a  principle." 

Just  what  it  was  all  about  perhaps  few  of  those  most 
actively  involved  in  the  controversy  could  state  at  this  time, 
but  the  writer  of  this  has  special  reason  to  be  familiar  with  the 
facts.  An  examination  of  the  record  of  the  contest  would 


238  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

show  that  the  essay  was  the  occasion  of  all  the  trouble.  On 
the  night  of  the  contest  it  was  announced  that  the  judges  had 
decided  in  favor  of  the  Wrightonian  essayist,  and  as  every- 
body agreed  that  there  was  little  to  choose  between  the  two 
essays,  the  decision  would  never  have  been  questioned  had  not 
one  of  the  two  judges  from  Bloomington — the  editor  of  the 
Pantagraph — disclosed  to  a  Philadelphian  on  the  day  follow- 
ing the  contest  his  wonderment  over  the  announcement.  On 
the  way  home  from  the  contest  these  two  judges  had  discussed 
the  numbers,  and  it  developed  that  both  of  them  had  selected 
the  Philadelphian  essayist  as  the  winner.  As  this  meant  two 
votes  out  of  three,  neither  judge  could  understand  why  the  an- 
nouncement had  indicated  a  victory  for  the  Wrightonian  rep- 
resentative. It  finally  dawned  upon  the  puzzled  editor  that  he 
had  made  a  curious  blunder.  The  name  of  the  Philadelphian 
essayist  was  Wright,  a  name  which  of  course  served  also  as 
the  commonly  used  brief  designation  of  the  Wrightonian  So- 
ciety. The  judge  explained  his  error  by  stating  that  in  pre- 
sumably voting  for  Miss  Wright,  he  had  unwittingly  recorded 
the  higher  grade  against  the  abbreviation  "Wright,"'  which 
gave  the  decision  to  Miss  W.'s  opponent.  As  soon  as  these 
statements  became  public  the  Philadelphia  leaders  bestirred 
themselves.  It  was  decided  that  with  the  signed  statement  of 
the  editor-judge  formally  presented  to  the  two  societies,  de- 
mand should  be  made  upon  the  joint  secretary  to  correct  the 
records.  The  Wrightonians  on  the  other  hand  declared  that 
a  decision  once  made  could  not  be  changed  by  any  subsequent 
statement  of  a  judge.  "Stare  decisis"  was  their  slogan.  Not  a 
few  of  them  were  inclined  to  look  upon  the  editor's  statement 
as  an  afterthought.  The  Philadelphian  leaders  decided  that  if 
the  joint  secretary  would  incorporate  the  corrected  decision  in 
the  book  that  would  settle  the  matter  as  no  one  else  had  any 
authority  to  enter  the  records.  Just  about  this  time  a  new  joint 
secretary — a  Wrightonian — was  elected,  and  this  complicated 
matters.  The  Philadelphians  claiming  that  the  record  of  the 
contest  should  be  made  only  by  the  joint  secretary  in  office  at 
the  time  of  the  contest  insisted  that  the  book  should  remain 
in  the  custody  of  the  former  joint  secretary — who  was  a  Phila- 
delphian— until  all  the  records  of  her  "term  of  service  were 
duly  entered.  To  both  sides  the  possession  of  the  joint  records 
was  the  all  important  thing.  By  a  clever  ruse  the  Phila- 
delphian secretary  was  induced  to  give  the  books  into  the 
hands  of  "the  enemy."  The  Wrightonians  had  thus  won  a 
strong  tactical  point.  Then  it  was  that  the  Philadelphians  be- 


IIvUNOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  239 

gan  to  consult  lawyers  as  to  possible  means  of  getting  posses- 
sion again  of  the  "stolen  records."  Matters  were  getting 
exciting,  rumors  of  the  appearance  of  constables,  and  the 
strong  probability  of  lawsuits  began  to  fill  the  air.  Mutual 
agreement,  however,  avoided  these  possibilities,  and  argument 
and  counsel  between  the  opposing  leaders  took  up  much  time 
for  many  weeks.  The  school  was  divided  into  two  hostile 
camps.  The  winter  term  went  by  with  no  cessation  of  the 
frenzied  discussion.  Peaceful  souls  there  were  in  both  socie- 
ties who  sought  to  have  the  matter  dropped,  but  the  leaders 
were  in  deadly  earnest  and  would  listen  to  no  gentle  counsel. 
If  they  were  to  meet  together  now  a  hearty  laugh  all  round 
would  greet  any  mention  of  the  "great  fight."  Not  so  then! 
Grim  determination  was  in  the  heart  of  each  stern  disputant 
and  the  fight  "for  a  principle"  must  go  on  until  it  was  settled 
right.  But  even  the  most  unyielding  combatant  in  time  grows 
weary  of  the  fray.  As  the  months  past  by  the  suggestion  of 
a  compromise  met  more  friendly  reception,  and  before  the 
close  of  the  spring  term  it  was  formally  and  finally  agreed  that 
the  point  given  for  the  essay  should  count  for  the  Wrightoni- 
ans,  but  that  there  should  be  entered  on  the  records  a  state- 
ment which  should  make  it  clear  that  one  of  the  two  judges 
whose  votes  had  been  given  to  the  Wrightonian  essayist  had 
really  intended  to  vote  for  the  Philadelphian  representative 
but  had  blundered  in  recording  his  marks.  Fortunately  the 
outcome  of  the  contest  was  unaffected  by  the  compromise  as 
the  Philadelphians  tho  losing  the  contest  were  still  the  winners 
by  4  to  3. 


BY  ONE  WHO  KNOWS 

The  Spaulding  Glue  Incident 

Back  in  1859  in  the  Normal  School  were  two  young  men 
about  twenty-one,  both  members  of  Section  G.  They  were 
fairly  good  students  and  as  fairly  full  of  mischief, — particu- 
larly the  prime  factors  in  this  episode.  One  of  them,  Ed  Pike, 
now  E.  M.  Pike  of  Chenoa,  111.,  was  a  young  athlete  possessed 
of  a  bunch  or  tuft  of  coarse  bristly  hair  protruding  from  his 
chin,  which  he  was  vainly  nursing  into  whiskers,  to  the  envy 
of  his  classmate,  J.  D.  Straight. 

One  day  Straight,  noticing  Pike's  prospective  whiskers  with 
envious  favor,  asked  him  what  he  did  to  make  them  grow  so 


240  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

luxuriantly,  and  wished  he  could  have  some  like  them.  Pike, 
thinking  him  in  jest,  replied  that  he  used  Spaulding's  glue  and 
that  it  would  draw  out  the  whiskers  of  anyone  who  applied 
it  faithfully.  Straight,  however,  was  not  inclined  to  take  this 
as  a  joke ;  if  there  was  any  virtue  in  it  he  might  as  well  have 
the  benefit  of  it  as  Pike.  He  inquired  of  Pike  the  cost,  where 
obtained,  mode  of  application,  length  of  treatment,  possible 
results,  etc.,  regarding  all  of  which  Pike  gave  his  professional 
advice. 

Matters  were  now  assuming  serious  shape.  Pike  could 
scent  fun  ahead  but  had  to  have  help  to  carry  it  out,  so  he 
went  to  Frank  Philbrook,  also  of  Section  G,  with  whom 
Straight  was  rooming  in  Bloomington,  and  to  him  unfolded 
the  situation  and  asked  cooperation.  Philbrook  had  an  hon- 
'est,  open,  clean  countenance,  that  carried  innocent  conviction 
along  sober  lines,  but  mirthfulness  lurked  behind  it  all- 
While  plans  were  being  formulated  at  Straight's  room, 
Straight  came  in  and  the  question  of  treatment  incidentally 
came  up.  Philbrook  said  he  believed  it  would  draw  his 
whiskers  out  too  and  talked  of  trying  it.  Straight  said,  "I 
will  commence  any  time  I  can  get  the  glue,  but  I  haven't  the 
price"  (which  was  2$c  a  bottle).  Pike  offered  to  loan  the 
quarter  so  that  Straight  might  start  at  once  and  get  ahead  of 
Philbrook.  The  ?lue  was  obtained.  Philbrook  was  appointed 
physician-in-chief  as  well  as  trained  nurse.  Bedtime  came. 
Pike  stayed  with  Philbrook  and  Straight  to  give  instructions 
and  to  see  that  no  mistake  was  made  in  application.  The  glue 
was  poured  on  a  cloth  and  bound  tightly  around  Straight's 
chin,  up  the  sides  of  his  face,  and  tied  on  top  of  his  head,  in 
which  condition  he  retired  to  his  downy  couch,  "perchance  to 
dream." 

Pike  and  Philbrook  also  retired,  but  down  the  back  stairs, 
out  into  an  alley  where  they  leaned  against  a  pile  of  cord  wood 
and  laughed  themselves  to  exhaustion.  Then  Pike  went  home 
and  Philbrook  went  back  as  a  bed  fellow  of  Straight.  Pike 
suggested  to  Philbrook  that  he  could  not  control  himself  from 
laughter  and  would  better  go  home  with  him,  but  a  second 
thought  showed  this  would  not  do,  for  Straight  migh  become 
suspicious.  Next  morning  Pike  and  Philbrook  came  together 
but  Straight  was  absent  from  the  meeting.  A  report  from  the 
medical  chief  was  that  his  patient  had  passed  a  restless  night, 
by  reason  of  the  glue  drying  on  his  face,  which  caused  a  severe 
itching  (which  the  physician-in-chief  declared  was  a  good 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  241 

omen),  that  the  glue  was  really  doing  the  business,  and  that  at 
this  point  the  treatment  was  perfectly  satisfactory  to  the  pa- 
tient. 

The  treatment  continued  for  six  consecutive  nights,  but  on 
the  last  night  Straight  demurred  as  he  said  he  had  heard  and 
seen  things  which  appeared  to  him  to  prove  that  the  whole 
thing  was  a  humbug.  Pike  told  him  if  he  didn't  want  his 
whiskers  drawn  out  to  quit, — just  when  the  remedy  was  doing 
the  most  good.  Straight  replied,  "That  is  just  what  it  is  do- 
ing, drawing  out  the  few  I  have."  This  was  a  fact.  He  was 
asked  what  he  had  seen  or  heard  that  made  him  doubtful-  He 
had  seen  the  girls  pass  their  hands  over  their  faces  with  a 
downward  stroke  over  their  chins,  a  la  Washington  Irving  Ves- 
celius'  "Shyrographic  curves,"  when  they  passed  Pike  in  the 
schoolroom  and  elsewhere.  He  had  also  received  anonymous 
letters  thru  the  Normal  postoffice  saying  that  Pike's  remedy 
was  no  good.  Also  from  the  same  source  had  come  a  package 
of  dough  made  from  bread  crumbs  which  was  said  to  be  much 
better  than  Pike's  remedy  at  half  the  cost  and  annoyance.  In 
short,  he  just  believed  that  Philbrook  and  Pike  were  playing 
him  for  a  sucker.  Pike  resorted  to  what  little  biblical  lore  he 
had  obtained  at  Sunday  school  and  among  the  most  persuasive 
arguments  presented  was  one  to  the  effect  that  "he  that  en- 
dureth  to  the  end"  shall  have  beautiful,  glossy,  luxuriant 
whiskers.  With  such  forceful  argument  as  this,  Straight  re- 
luctantly consented  to  another  application  of  the  remedy, 
altho  at  this  particular  period  his  faith  in  Pike  and  Philbrook 
was  mixed  with  doubt. 

Next  day  being  Saturday,  the  whole  scheme  was  exposed 
and  was  the  earnest  talk  of  the  town.  All  wore  broad  smiles — 
even  Straight  himself  who  was  in  a  brown  study  how  to  get 
even  with  his  tormentors.  It  had  been  caught  up  by  the  fac- 
ulty. Professor  Potter,  under  whom  Pike,  Philbrook,  and 
Straight  were  being  led  thru  the  mazes  of  Mulligan's  gram- 
mar was  seen  to  wear  a  sardonic  smile,  Professor  Hewett  neg- 
lected to  locate  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon  river  correctly,  Pro- 
fessor Moore  forgot  to  give  the  full  quota  of  zeroes  in  the 
algebra  class,  Professor  Sewell  with  more  than  special  em- 
phasis said  "I  declare,"  and  even  sedate  President  Hovey 
standing  in  a  reflective  attitude  with  his  arms  folded  on  the 
platform  overlooking  the  school,  was  contemplating  the 
Spaulding  glue  case  in  place  of  attending  to  legitimate  busi- 
ness as  he  should  have  done. 


242  SEMI-CENTENNIAL,  HISTORY 

At  this  time  the  whole  school  was  on  Straight's  side  for  he 
had  told  them  the  whole  thing  truthfully  and  in  detail.  He 
took  the  whole  thing  philosophically,  but  was  not  above  seek- 
ing revenge  on  his  tormentors.  A  meeting  of  the  students  was 
called  in  which  the  seniors  took  the  initiative,  and  the  consensus 
of  opinion  was  that  Pike  and  Philbrook  should  be  arrested  and 
tried  for  malpractice  under  the  statute  of  fraud. 

The  judge  was  Ed  Waite;  the  prosecuting  attorney  was 
Jehu  Little,  the  Philadelphian  orator;  Pike's  attorney  was 
Aaron  Gove,  the  Wrightonian  orator.  A  jury  of  twelve  young 
ladies  was  empaneled  and  sworn  in  by  His  Honor,  Judge 
Waite.  Court  was  opened  in  due  form  by  the  sheriff  who,  I 
think,  was  Gunn.  Pike  and  Philbrook  were  brought  in  and 
placed  on  trial. 

The  first  witness  was  Straight,  who  gave  the  whole  pro- 
ceeding minutely  and  truthfully  and  in  doing  so  he  had  re- 
markable control  of  himself,  so  much  that  he  did  not  crack  a 
smile  during  all  his  testimony  but  the  audience,  which  was 
large,  took  an  hilarious  view  of  the  situation  and,  notwithstand- 
ing the  warnings  from  the  judge  and  the  stentorian  tones  of 
the  sheriff,  it  was  anything  but  silence  in  that  court.  Straight's 
testimony  was  reenforced  by  expert  witnesses  tending  to  show 
that  Spaulding's  glue  was  not  for  the  purpose  of  growing 
whiskers,  but  for  the  mending  of  old  chairs,  etc- 

Pike  went  on  the  stand  in  his  own  defense  admitting  all 
that  Straight  had  said,  also  exonerating  Philbrook  from  any 
criminal  intent,  as  he  was  acting  under  and  by  advice  of  Pike. 
This  move  made  a  witness  for  the  defense, — a  thing  which 
helped  Pike  as  Philbrook  was  the  only  one  cognizant  of  the 
facts  in  the  case.  Philbrook,  with  his  open,  honest  counte- 
nance, sober  as  a  deacon,  but  mischief  oozing  thru  every  pore, 
was  duly  sworn  by  His  Honor,  Judge  Waite,  to  tell  as  much 
truth  as  he  knew,  and  took  the  stand. 

Pike's  defense  was  that  his  remedy  was  all  he  claimed  for 
it,  and  showed  by  Philbrook  the  results  of  each  treatment.  He 
began  with  a  little  fuzz  of  hair  of  downy  nature  which  was 
the  status  of  the  whiskers  of  his  patient  at  the  start.  First 
night's  application,  a  little  growth,  and  so  on  thru  all  the 
week's  treatment,  hairs  of  greater  length  after  each  application, 
and  culminating  in  the  result  of  the  last  treatment  as  shown 
by  a  hair  some  four  feet  long  from  a  horse's  tail, — which  evi- 
dence uncontradicted  should  have  set  Pike  free.  But  not  so. 
The  jury  brought  in  a  verdict  of  guilty  as  alleged. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  243 

Judge  Waite  ordered  the  prisoner  to  stand  up  and  the  sen- 
tence, that  he  should  be  fined  a  bushel  of  Baldwin  apples  and 
stand  committed  till  the  fine  was  fully  paid,  was  duly  past  up- 
on Pike. 

Pike  had  anticipated  conviction,  as  public  sentiment  was 
against  him,  and  had  the  apples  previously  provided  in  an  ad- 
joining room.  He,  in  custody  of  the  officers  of  the  court,  pro- 
duced the  apples  and  passed  them  thru  the  audience,  and  he 
was  discharged,  thus  ending,  except  in  memory,  one  of  the 
most  humorous  incidents  of  the  good  old  Normal  days. 

I  might  add  that  Pike  and  Straight  were  bosom  friends 
ever  after,  made  so,  perhaps,  by  reason  of  this  episode.  They 
were  classmates  in  school,  went  into  the  army  in  the  same  com- 
pany and  mess,  Co.  A,  33d  Infy.,  were  in  the  same  fight  close 
together  when  Straight  had  his  arm  shot  off  and  received  other 
wounds.  When  they  were  discharged  Straight  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  later  county  clerk  and  then  re-elected 
and  Pike  was  elected  sheriff  of  McLean  county  and  they  had 
their  offices  together  for  several  years.  This  same  loyal  com- 
radeship continued  between  them  all  their  lives. 


One  of  our  faculty,  Ira  Moore,  was  at  times  sarcastic  and 
given  to  a  testiness  of  temper  that  was  not  pleasant.  One  day 
as  we  returned  from  class-room,  just  after  the  professor  had 
very  plainly  manifested  some  of  his  displeasure  toward  us, 
Miss  Sallie  M.  Dunn  said: 

"Dies  irae;   we  know  what  we  knew  before; 

If  you  look  for  more  irae, 
You'll  get  it  from  Ira  Moore." 


The  Illinois  Horticultural  Association  visited  the  Normal 
early  in  the  winter  of  1858  and  at  a  reception  given  the  board 
of  directors,  one  of  their  number  replying  to  a  toast,  closed  a 
brilliant  piece  of  word  painting  extolling  the  school  by  saying : 
"I  will  propose  a  counter  toast:  'Here  is  to  the  students  of 
the  Normal  University,  the  Evergreens  of  our  educational 
system.' ' 

President  Hovey,  with  that  readiness  which  was  character- 
istic of  him,  rose  and  said:  "With  this  amendment,  I  join 


244  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

you :  'The  Normal  Students !    Ever  blooming,  bright  and  fair, 
tho  not  evergreen!' '' 


Late  in  the  winter  term  of  1858  at  the  Assembly  or  Chapel 
room  of  the  old  Major's  Hall,  one  evening  there  was  a  fare- 
well meeting  of  the  faculty,  students,  and  friends.  We  had  a 
little  program  of  songs,  speeches,  ice  cream,  etc.  L.  H.  Hite 
was  sitting  in  a  little  group  of  which  Miss  Lizzie  Mitchell  was 
one.  Volunteer  toasts  were  in  order.  One  of  our  teachers  of 
that  time  was  Chauncy  Nye.  He  and  Hite  were  admirers  of 
Miss  Mitchell.  There  was  a  gentle,  friendly  rivalry.  Miss 
Mitchell's  ability  and  ambition  as  a  student  were  well  known. 
Nye  arose  and  proposed  a  toast :  "Miss  Mitchell,  a  young  lady 
talented  and  deserving;  may  she  some  day  gain  the  height 
(Hite)  of  her  ambition."  The  sentiment  was  cheered,  with 
much  laughter,  and  Hite  was  loudly  called  to  reply,  which  he 
did,  saying,  "Miss  Mitchell's  friends  will  all  join  the  senti- 
ment, and  believe  that  height  will  ever  be  nigh  (Nye)."  With 
this  came  more  applause,  and  quick  as  a  flash,  Dr.  Edward  R. 
Roe  jumped  to  his  feet  and  pointing  toward  the  last  speaker, 
said  with  that  energetic  emphasis  of  his :  "That  is  what  /  call 
the  height  (Hite)  of  repartee!"  This  shot  of  the  good  old 
doctor  closed,  with  much  merriment,  what  was  considered  a 
magnificent,  triple-double  entendre. 


PART  THREE 


PREFACE 

This  part  contains  separate  lists  of  the  alumni  of  the  Normal  and 
High  School  Departments  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University,  of  the 
regular  Faculty,  of  the  extra  members  of  the  Faculty  for  the  Summer 
School,  and  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  State  of  Illinois, — each  list 
separately  indexed. 

After  the  name  of  each  alumnus  we  have  endeavored  to  state  occupa- 
tion and  present  address,  teaching  record,  and  such  other  facts  as  may  be 
of  special  interest.  If  the  occupation  is  housekeeping  it  is  usually  not 
stated. 

The  members  of  the  faculty  are  listed  in  the  order  of  their  appoint- 
ment. An  effort  was  made  to  secure  a  brief  sketch  of  the  subsequent 
career  of  each  together  with  present  occupation  and  address.  The  names 
in  these  lists  are  indexed  by  number. 

Members  of  the  State  Board  of  Education  are  listed  in  the  order  of 
appointment  with  the  address  and  occupation  at  that  time.  The  present 
address  has  been  added  when  known. 

This  work  is  far  from  complete  and  doubtless  contains  many  errors 
as  it  has  been  done,  not  by  the  regular  office  force,  but  by  the  coopera- 
tion of  a  dozen  or  more  persons.  Sufficient  time  was  not  allowed  for  the 
final  editing  and  arranging  of  the  material 

A  great  many  names  in  the  following  pages  are  designated  as  not  hav- 
ing been  heard  from  within  a  year.  After  having  made  every  possible 
effort  and  exhausted  all  our  resources  we  are  unable  to  trace  many  of  the 
alumni.  As  many  as  ten  letters  have  been  written  in  the  effort  to  locate 
one  person.  It  should  be  stated  that  in  a  number  of  cases  we  have  reason 
to  believe  that  we  have  correct  addresses  but  we  are  unable  to  give  com- 
plete biographical  sketches  because  of  failure  to  receive  replies  to  our  in- 
quiries. Every  person  who  looks  thru  these  pages  and  who  can  furnish 
any  of  the  addresses  now  unknown  to  us  is  urged  to  send  in  the  informa- 
tion. We  wish  also  to  have  our  attention  called  to  any  corrections  and 
to  any  additional  facts  relating  to  any  person  named  herein  that  should 
appear  in  future  editions.  We  wish  especially  to  state  the  particular 
branches  or  grade  of  school  taught.  We  now  have  facilities  for  recording 
and  preserving  such  information. 

Address  all  communications  as  follows : 

EDITOR  ALUMNI  AND  FACULTY  REGISTERS, 
State  Normal  University, 
Normal,  Illinois. 


ABBREVIATIONS 

*— Deceased. 

t — Not  heard  from  within  one  year, 
st. — Studied,  or  student  at. 
t. — Taught,  or  teaching, 
pres.— President, 
supt.— Superintendent, 
pnn.— Principal. 

tea. — Teacher. 
pub. sch. — Public  school, 
elem.sch.— Elementary  school. 

h.s.— High  school, 
univ.— University, 
pub.— Published. 

m — Married. 
In  all  cases  where  the  name  of  the  State  is  not  given,  Illinois  is  understood. 


ALUMNI  REGISTER 


CLASS  OF  1860 

1.  Sarah  M.  Dunn  (Mrs.  Strickler),  5117  Marion  St.,  Germantown,. 
Philadelphia,  Pa.     T.  h.  s.,  Peoria,  i  yr. ;    same,  Bloomington,  il/2  yrs. ; 
private  sch.,  Peoria,  2^2  yrs.     Married  Walter  Coffin  Strickler,  Aug.  19, 
1862. 

2.  Elizabeth  J.  Mitchell  (Mrs.  Christian),  509  E.  Front  St.,  Bloom- 
ington.   T.  pub.  sch.,  Bloomington,  2  yrs. ;  same,  Decatur,  2j^  yrs.  Married 
Matthew  L.  Christian,  Nov.  21,  1865. 

*3.  Frances  A.  Peterson  (Mrs.  Gastman),  died  Feb.  27,  1863.  T., 
I.S.N.U.,  2  yrs.;  h.  s.,  Decatur,  6  mos.  Married  Enoch  A.  Gastman  (See 
No.  5),  July  25,  1862. 

*4.  Mary  Frances  Washburn  (Mrs.  Hull),  died  Aug.  19,  1882.  T., 
Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1860-61.  Married  John  Hull  (See  No.  9),  April  3, 
1862. 

5.  Enoch  A.  Gastman,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  Decatur.  T.  elem.  sch.,  De- 
catur, 1 860-6 1 ;  prin.  h.  s.,  same,  1862-70;  supt.  pub.  sch.,  same,  1862-1907; 
pres.  Bd.  of  Man.  James  Millikin  Univ.,  Decatur,  1906-07;  member  Bd. 
of  Educ.,  I.S.N.U.,  1871 — ;  pres.,  same,  1881-89,  1902 — .  Married  Frances 
A.  Peterson  (See  No.  3),  July  25,  1862;  m.  Caroline  S.  Sargent,  Aug.  24, 
1864;  m.  Belle  Hobbs  (See  No.  356),  Dec.  25,  1905. 

*6.  Peter  Harper,  died  May  30,  1887.  T.  rural  sch.,  I  yr. ;  U.  S. 
Army,  4  yrs. ;  member  Louisiana  Legislature  and  parish  judge. 

*7  Silas  Hayes,  died  Feb.  3,  1907,  717  E.  27th  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
T.  pub.  sch.,  ElPaso,  I  yr. ;  same,  Fairview,  i  yr. ;  rural  sch.,  8  yrs.  Mar- 
ried Jane  M.  Cone,  Nov.  14,  1861. 

*8.  Joseph  Gideon  Howell,  killed  at  Fort  Donelson,  Feb.  15,  1862. 
T.,  Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  i  yr. 

9.  John  Hull,  2009  State  St.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  111.  Wesleyan  Univ., 
A.M.,  1876;  prin.  pub.  sch.,  Salem,  1860-61 ;  acting  prof,  math.,  I.S.N.U., 
1861-62;  prin.  h.  s.,  Bloomington,  1862-64;  member  Bd.  of  Educ.,  Bloom- 
ington, 1866-69 ;  supt.  sch.,  McLean  Co.,  1869-75  ',  prof .  math.,  S .  I .  S .  N.U., 
Carbondale,  1875-83 ;  supt,  training  dept.,  same,  1883-93  J  pres.,  same, 
1892-93;  pres.  State  Normal  Sch.,  River  Falls,  Wis.,  1893-94;  founded 
The  Schoolmaster,  1868.  Married  Mary  Frances  Washburn  (See  No.  4), 
April  3,  1862;  m.  Ann  Catherine  Anderson,  June  14,  1895,  who  died 
Nov.  3,  1903. 

*io.  Edwin  Philbrook,  died  Feb.  4,  1890.  Served  in  U.S.  Army, 
1861-65.  T.  sch.  southern  111.,  1869;  same,  Maroa,  1869-72;  same,  Sa- 
betha,  Kan.,  1872-79;  same,  h.  s.,  Decatur,  1879-85.  Married  Ellen  C. 
Pillsbury,  May  9,  1871. 

CLASS  OF  1861 

*n.  Sophie  (Christ)  Gill,  died  Nov.,  1863.  T.  pub.  sch.,  Greenview, 
ilA  yrs. 

*i2.  Amanda  A.  Noyes,  died  Feb.  7,  1864.  T.  pub.  sch.,  Jackson- 
ville, 2  yrs. 


252  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

13.  John  Howard  Burnham,  contractor,  Bloomington.     Acting  prin. 
Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  summer,  1861 ;    2  winters,  Harrington;    ist  Lt., 
Co.  A,  33rd  I.   V.  Inf.;    supt.  pub.   sch.,   Bloomington,   1863-64;    editor, 
Bloomington  Daily  Pantograph,  1865-67 ;   director  State  Historical  Society 
since  organization,  1899;    pub.  Hist,  of  Bloomington  and  Normal,   1879. 
Married  Almira  S.  Ives,  Jan.  23,  1866. 

14.  Harvey  J.  Button,  grocer,  800  South  St.,  Springfield,  Mo.     T., 
pub.  sch.,  Cedar  Co.,  Mo.,  9  yrs;    contrib.  one  chap,   to  Hist,   of  33rd 
111.  Vol.  Inf.,  in  which  regiment  he  served  4  yrs,  3$  mos.  Married  Louise  V. 
Brinsden,  Aug.  29,  1866. 

15.  Aaron  Gove,  Denver,  Colo.    Adjutant  33rd  I.  V.  Inf.;   prin.  pub. 
sch.,  Rutland,  2  yrs. ;   same,  Normal,  5  yrs. ;   supt.  pub.  sch.,  Denver,  Colo., 
1874-1904;   edit.  ///.  Teacher, 

*i6.  Moses  I.  Morgan,  died,  Cleveland,  O.,  April  10,  1895.  Enlisted 
1861-63;  prin.  3rd  Ward  Sch.,  Peoria,  1863-64;  in  army  again,  1864-66. 

*I7.  Henry  B.  Norton,  died  June  22,  1885.  T.  Model  Sch.,  i  term; 
Warsaw,  1862-63;  supt.  sch.,  Ogle  Co.,  1864-65;  State  Normal  Sch.,  Em- 
poria,  Kan.,  1865-70,  1873-75 ;  San  Jose,  Cal.,  Normal,  1876. 

18.  Peleg  Remington  Walker,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  716  N.  Church  St., 
Rockford.  Served  in  army,  1862-65,  promoted  from  private  to  ist  Lt.  and 
in  command  of  company  for  more  than  a  year;  t.  pub.  sch.,  Creston,  1861- 
62;  prin.,  same,  1865-72;  same,  Rochelle,  1872-84;  supt.  pub.  sch.,  Rock- 
ford,  1884—;  member  Bd.  of  Educ.,  I.S.N.U.,  1883—.  Married  Martha  E. 
Webb,  Aug.  16,  1865. 

Cl^ASS   OF    l862 

*I9.  Sarah  E.  Beers,  died  Oct.  6,  1900.  T.  Normal  Center,  4  yrs.; 
h.  s.,  Canton,  1866;  private  sch.,  same,  1868-83. 

20.  Elizabeth  Carleton,  Home  for  Aged  Women,  3200  Stevens  Ave., 
Minneapolis,  Minn.     Asst.  h.  s.,  Griggsville,  10  yrs.;    prin.  colored  sch., 
Hannibal,  Mo.,  1872;   elem.  and  h.  s.,  same,  10  yrs;   Matron,  Anna  Brown 
Home  for  the  Aged,  Quincy,  8  yrs. 

21.  Helen  Frances   Grennell   (Mrs.  Guild),  at  home  with  daughter, 
Mrs.  Oscar  L.  Pond,  2204  Park  Ave.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.    Second  asst.  h.  s., 
Peoria,  1862-64;    ist  asst.,  same,  1864-72;    asst.  h.  s.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1872- 
74.  Married  Albert  D.  Guild,  of  Chicago,  May  13,  1874,  who  died  Ft. Wayne, 
Ind.,  Nov.  5,  1904. 

22.  Esther  Maria  Sprague  (Mrs.  Legg)    T.  Foster  sch.,  666  Washing- 
ton Blvd.,  Chicago.     Prin.  intermed.  dept,  4th  Ward  Sch.,  Peoria,  4  yrs. ; 
prin.  Model  Sch.,  Normal  Sch.,  Platteville,  Wis.,  1866-67;   head  asst,,  Kin- 
zie  Sch.,  Chicago,  6  yrs.;   prin.  Lincoln  St.  Sch.,  Chicago,  7  yrs.;   present 
position,  1881 — . 

23.  Emma   M.   Trimble    (Mrs.   Bangs),   Donnellson.     T.   pub.   sch., 
York,  1862-63;   Washington,  i863:64;   Lacon,  1864-65;    Sparland,  1865-66; 
Lacon,   1866-67;    rural  sch.,   Montgomery   Co.,   1885-87;    prin.,   Fillmore, 
1887-88;    rural  sch.,  Montgomery  Co.,  1888-90;   Donnellson,  1890 — ;    post- 
mistress, Hillsboro,  1877-81.    Married  Charles  Lyman  Bangs,  Aug.  n,  1862. 

f24.  Lorenzo  Dow  Bovee,  farmer,  Pagosa  Springs,  Kan.  Enlisted 
looth  111.  Vol.  Inf.,'i862;  t.  pub.  sch.,  i  yr. 

25.  James  Frederick  Ridlon,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  R.  R.  No.  2, 
Gardner,  Kan.  Abingdon,  111.,  12  yrs.;  lecturer  to  Bellflower  Grange  n 
yrs.;  Abingdon,  1862-63;  Henderson,  1864;  Monmouth,  1865-66;  Law- 
rence, Kan.,  1866-67;  Lanesville,  Kan.,  1868-69;  Kansas  legislature.  1869- 
70;  De  Soto  Schools,  1871;  taught  winters  till  1878;  served  in  Ills,  reg." 
during  civil  war.  Married  Mrs.  Rachel  Easdale,  April,  1870. 

*26.  Logan  Holt  Roots,  died  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  May  30,  1893.  En- 
listed, 1862;  t.  i  yr. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  253 

CLASS  OF  1863 

*27.  Mary  Augusta  Fuller,  died  April,  1881.  T.,  Decatur,  7  yrs. ; 
Magnolia,  3  yrs. 

28.  Sarah  Jane  Frances  Gove  (Mrs.  Eugene  Baldwin),  Peoria.     T., 
Granville,  i  yr. ;   Peoria,  2  yrs. 

29.  Abbie   Ripley   Reynolds    (Mrs.   Wilcox),   Flora   Home,   Florida. 
St.  Kindergarten  Training  Sch.,  St.  Louis,   Mo.,   1881-82;    prim,  grades, 
Bloomington,  1863.    Married  Charles  E.  Wilcox,  June  16,  1864. 

*3O.  Sarah  Ann  Hackett  Stevenson,  died,  1904.  T.  Bloomington,  4 
yrs. ;  Mt.  Morris ;  Sterling ;  physician,  Woman's  College,  Chicago. 

t3-i.  William  Dennis  Hall,  435  Oakley  Ave.,  Chicago.  T.  Peoria,  i 
yr. ;  Elmwood,  i  yr. ;  Clinton,  5  yrs. ;  LaSalle,  3  yrs. ;  Centralia,  2  yrs. ; 
Farmer  City,  i  yr. 

32.  Ebenezer  Delon  Harris,  farmer,  Lincoln,  Neb.  Cotner  Christian 
Univ.,  near  Lincoln,  Neb.,  B.  S.,  1891,  M.  S.,  1892;  t.  pub.  sch.,  1863-66; 
Nebraska,  1879-89;  prin.  prep,  dept.,  Christian  Univ.,  1889-94;  enlisted 
U.  S.  Army,  1861.  Married  Sarah  E.  Worden,  Normal,  Dec.  24,  1865. 

*33-  John  Henry  Thompson,  died,  1869.  T.  ElPaso,  i  yr. ;  Charles- 
ton, i  yr. ;  Kansas,  I J^  yrs. 

CLASS  OF  1864 

34.  Harriet  E.  Dunn,  sec.  of  faculty,  State  Normal  Sch.,  Los  An- 
geles, Cal.  T.  pub.  sch.,  Bloomington,  1864-72 ;  h.  s.,  Carrollton,  1872-73 ; 
h.  s.,  Bloomington,  1873-75 ;  prin.,  same,  1875-83 ;  same,  Nevada  City, 
Cal.,  1883-84;  present  position,  1884 — . 

*35.  Anna  P.  Grennell  (Mrs.  William  Hatfield),  died,  Feb.  14,  1902. 
T.  pub.  sch.,  Bloomington,  i  yr. ;  Peoria,  2  yrs. 

36.  Edith  Theodosia  Johnson  (Mrs.  Morley),  Springfield,  Vt.  T. 
h.  s.,  Aurora,  1864-65;  supt.  prim.  Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1865-68;  Bon- 
ham's  Sem.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1868-70.  Married  Rev.  John  H.  Morley,  LL.D., 
Oct.  12,  1871. 

*37-  Isabella  Moore,  died  Jan.  14,  1888.  T.  pub.  sch.,  Bloomington, 
4  yrs. ;  Cairo,  I  yr. ;  rural  sch.,  3  yrs. ;  Perry,  2  yrs. 

f38.     Harriet  E.  Stewart.    Address  unknown. 

739.  George  W.  Colyin,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  T.  pub.  sch.,  Atlanta,  2 
yrs. ;  Pontiac,  2  yrs ;  Pekin,  12  yrs. 

40.  Lyman  B.  Kellogg,  lawyer,  Emporia,  Kan.  Pres.  Kan.  State 
Normal  Sch.,  7  yrs. 

*4i.     Philo  A.  Marsh,  died  April  5,  1887.    T.  Magnolia,  i  yr. 

CLASS  OF  1865 

42.  Olinda  M.  Johnson  (Mrs.  Nichols),  198  Walnut  St.,  Aurora.    T. 
West  Aurora,  1865-68.    Married  Newell  F.  Nichols,  Feb.  4,  1869. 

43.  Almenia  C.  Jones,  Canton.    T.  pub.  sch.,  Pekin,  2  yrs. ;    Lewis- 
town,  2  yrs. ;   Canton,  15  yrs. ;   clerk  and  bookkeeper,  22  yrs. 

*44.  Lucinda  J.  Stannard  (Mrs.  A.  O.  Johnson),  died  Feb.  20,  1902. 
T.  pub.  sch.,  Centralia,  i  yr. ;  Charleston,  3  yrs. ;  St.  Cloud,  Minn.,  i  yr. ; 
Ft.  Smith,  Ark.,  4  yrs. 

45.  Bandusia  Wakefield,  Point  Loma,  Cal.  Asst.  in  Model  Sch., 
I.S.N.U.,  1864-71;  prin.  h.  s.,  Winterset,  la.,  1871-73;  prin.  h.  s.,  Em- 
poria, Kan.,  1873-74 ;  same,  Farmington,  1874 ;  h.  s.,  Bloomington,  1875 ; 
gram,  and  arith.,  I.S.N.U.,  1875-81. 


254  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

46.  Thomas  Jonathan  Burrill,  vice-pres.  and  prof,  of  botany,  Univ. 
of  111.,  Urbana.     St.  Northwestern  Univ.,  A.  M.,  1876;    Univ.  of  Chicago, 
Ph.D.,  1882;    Northwestern,  LL.  D.,  1893;    supt  pub.  sch.,  Urbana,  1865- 
68;    Univ.  of  111.,    i868-date.     Married  Sarah  Helen  Alexander,   Seneca 
Falls,  N.  Y.,  July  22,  1868. 

47.  John  Williston  Cook,  pres.  N.I.S.N.S.,  DeKalb,  Degrees  A.  M., 
Knox  College ;    LL.  D.,  Blackburn  Univ. ;    LL.  D.,   Univ.  of  111. ;    prin. 
Brimfield,  1865-66;   prin.  gram,  dept.,  I.S.N.U.,  1866-68;   acting  prof,  of 
history  and  geog.,  same,   1868-69;    prof,  of  reading  and  elocution,  same 
1869-76;   prof,  of  math,  and  physics,  same,  1876-90;   president,  same,  1890- 
99;    pres.  N.I.S.N.S.,  1899 — ;    editor  and  pub.  of  ///.  School  Journal, 
1884-88;    pub.   series   of  arithmetics   with   N.   Cropsey;    educational  lec- 
turer, 1870 — .    Married  Lydia  F.  Spofford,  Aug.  26,  1867. 

48.  William  Florin,  druggist,  Altamont.    T.  Lebanon,  1865-66;    prin., 
Highland,   1866-68;     same,    Lebanon,    1868-72;     Highland,   1872-73;    prin. 
gram,  sch.,  Belleville,  1873-75 ;    asst.  h.  s.,  same,  1875-76 ;   prin.,  Edwards- 
ville,  1876-77;  prin.,  St  Jacobs,  1877-79;    druggist,  Altamont,  1879 — . 

49.  David  M.   Fulwiler,  404  Normal  Ave.,  Chicago.     T.  Lexington, 
I  yr. ;   Hillsboro,  4  yrs. 

50.  Oscar  Francis  McKim,  farmer,  Oskaloosa,  la.    Asst.  Model  Sch., 
I.S.N.U.,  1865-66;    prin.,  Ward  Sch.,  Decatur,  1866-70;    supt.  sch.,  Ma- 
con  Co.,  1869-73;   prin.  h-  s.,  1873-74;   Oxford,  Kan.,  1875-76;   Wellington, 
Kan.,  1876-77;   supt.  sch.,  Wichita,  Kan.,  1877-79;   prin.,  Dallas  City,  1879- 
80 ;   prin.,  LaHarpe,  1880-81 ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Ft.  Madison,  la.,  I  yr.    Married 
Sarah  E.  Nelson,  Oskaloosa,  la.,  1866. 

*Si.  Adolph  A.  Suppiger,  died  at  Edwardsville,  Sept.  6,  1904.  Taught 
at  Marine,  Highland,  North  Alton,  and  Edwardsville;  supt.  of  schools, 
Madis.on  county,  1873-77,  and  again,  1886-1890.  Married  Leah  P.  Baer, 
of  Highland,  in  1870. 

*52.  Melancthon  Wakefield,  died  at  Cherokee,  Sept.  22,  1900.  St.  111. 
Wesleyan  Law  School,  1867-69;  I.S.N.U.,  1865-66;  prin.  Buda,  I  yr. ; 
Carrollton,  I  yr. ;  Cherokee,  la.,  2  yrs. ;  mayor  of  Cherokee,  7  yrs. ;  county 
atty.,  8  yrs.  Married  Ellen  Neighbor,  of  Chicago,  1882. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  1865 

1.  Gertrude  Case  (Mrs.  Wesley  Young),  Santa  Barbara,  Cal.     Pitts- 
field,  I  yr. ;   Bloomington,  4  yrs.;   Normal,  2  yrs.;   I.S.N.U.,  2  yrs. 

2.  Clara  V.  Fell  (Mrs.  Fyffe),  Wyoming  PL,  Milwaukee,  Wis.    Mar- 
ried James  Fyffe,  May  6,  1869. 

3.  Charles   L.   Capen,  lawyer,  Bloomington.     St.   Harvard,   1865-69; 
member  Bd.  of  Educ.  I.S.N.U.,  iSgi-date.    Married  Ella  E.  Briggs,  Oct. 
27,  1875. 

*4.    Howard  C.  Crist,  physician.    Died  1883. 

5.  Hosea  Howard,  accountant,  auditor's  office,  Wabash  R.  R.,  1201 
Lincoln  Trust  Bldg.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

6.  William    McCambridge,    Confidential    Secretary    Interstate    Com- 
merce Commission,  Washington,  D.  C.    Agent  C.  &  A.  R.  R.  6  yrs. ;    ed. 
Bloomington  Daily  Pantograph,  26  yrs ;    asst.  postmaster,  3  yrs ;    present 
position,  6  yrs. 

7.  Robert  McCart,  lawyer,  Ft.  Worth,  Tex. 

CLASS  OF  1866 

53.  Harriet  M.  Case  (Mrs.  Andrew  T.  Morrow),  1615  Missouri  Ave., 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  Richmond,  Ind.,  h.  s.,  i  yr. ;  Ottawa,  4  yrs. ;  Leavenworth, 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  255 

Kan.,  h.  s.,  2  yrs. ;  I.S.N.U.,  4^  yrs. ;  N.  A.  Normal  Sch.,  Buenos  Ayres, 
S.  A.,  3  yrs.    Married  Andrew  T.  Morrow,  Feb.  7,  1878. 

tS4-  Martha  Foster,  Minneapolis,  Kan.  Model  Sch.,  I  yr. ;  Yates 
City,  2  yrs ;  country  schools,  2  yrs ;  Boone,  la.,  i  yr. ;  Lindsey,  Kan.,  I 
yr. ;  Dexter,  la.,  5  yrs.;  Ottawa,  Kan.,  I  yr. ;  n  yrs.  at  other  places. 

55.  Harriet  A.  Fyffe,  Fairfield,  Iowa.    St.  Pharmacy  School,  Chicago ; 
North  Sangamon  Acad.,  2  yrs. ;    Normal,  2  yrs ;    prin.  Magnolia,  2  yrs. ; 
country  sch.,  2  yrs;   managed  prescription  drug  store,  12  yrs. 

56.  Margaret  McCambridge   (Mrs.  Hurd),   1420  Pearl  St.,  Denver, 
Col.    Cairo,  I  yr.    Married  Charles  R.  Hurd,  Sept.  18,  1867. 

57.  Mary   E.   Pierce,  orange  grower,   130  E.  Olive  Ave.,  Redlands, 
Cal.     Carrollton,  i  yr. ;    Shelby,  i  yr. ;    Lexington,  6  yrs. ;    Normal  pub. 
sch.,  2  yrs.;   ElPaso,  i  yr. ;   other  points,  6  yrs;   mission  sch.,  several  yrs.; 
city  missionary,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  8  yrs. 

58.  Alice  B.  Piper  (Mrs.  Blackburn),  Ventura,  Cal.     Grammar  sch., 
1866-68;     h.    s.    Macomb,    1868-72.     Married   David    S.    Blackburn,    Dec. 
26,  1872. 

tSQ.  Helen  M.  Plato  (Mrs.  Wilbur),  Geneva.  Kaneville,  i  yr. ;  El- 
gin, i  yr. ;  Chicago,  12  yrs. 

^  60.  Sarah  E.  Raymond  (Mrs.  Fitzwilliam),  4824  Vincennes  Ave., 
Chicago.  Taught  Fowler  Inst.,  Newark,  1866-68;  Bloomington,  1868-69; 
prin.  gram,  sch.,  Bloomington,  1869-73;  ist  asst.  h.  s.  same,  Apr.-June, 
1873;  prin.  h.  s.,  same,  1873-74;  supt.  city  schools,  same,  1874-92;  pres. 
Woman's  State  Teachers'  Assn.,  2  yrs. ;  pres.  School  Mistresses'  Club, 

2  yrs. ;    secy.  State  Teachers'  Assn.,  2  yrs ;    pub.  numerous  articles  for 
press;    International  Delegate  to  World's  Congress  of  Associated  Chari- 
ties at  Columbian  Exposition,  1893.     Married  Capt.  Francis  Julius  Fitz- 
william, Boston,  Mass.,  June  23,  1896. 

f6i.  Olive  A.  Rider  (Mrs.  Dr.  Alfred  Cotton),  woman's  dept.  of 
state  penitentiary,  1900  Collins  St.,  Joliet. 

62.  Julia   E.    Stanard    (Mrs.    Rufus   H.    Frost),    1200   Dewey   Ave., 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.    Charleston,  i  yr. ;   White  Hall,  i  yr. ;   Otterville,  I  yr. ; 
Ottawa,    i   yr. ;    Atlanta,   3   yrs.;    Atlantic,   la.,  8  yrs.;     county  normal 
schools,  Iowa,  4  summers.    Married  July  4,  1867,  to  Rufus  H.  Frost,  who 
died  April  28,  1904. 

63.  Nelson  F.  Case,  lawyer,  Oswego,  Kan.     St.  law  dept.  Univ.  of 
Mich.,  1867-69;    prin.  Tolono,  I  yr. ;    member  Oswego  bd.  of  education, 
15  yrs.;    regent  Kan.  State  Normal,  1889-95;    trustee  Lobette  Co.  h.  s., 
1893-1898;    trustee  Baker  Univ.,  1883;    pres.  bd.   of  trustees,   i897-date; 
probate  judge,  Lobette  Co.,  Kan.,  1880-85;  pub.  History  of  Lobette  County, 
Kan.;    European   Constitutional  History,   Constitutional  History   of   the 
United  States.    Married,  Feb.  22,  1872,  Mary  E.  Claypool,  who  died  Feb. 
i,  1892 ;  m.  Georgiana  Reed,  May  30,  1900. 

64.  Philo  Asbern  Clark,  periodical  writer  and  correspondent,  Monroe, 
Wis.    Prin.  Chillicothe,  1866-1867;   Neponset,  1870-1871 ;    Yorksyille,  1871 ; 
Davenport,  I  yr. ;   Kendall  county,  I  yr. ;    county  surveyor,  Madison,  Neb., 

3  yrs.;   police  judge,  4  yrs.;   has  contributed  articles  to  agricultural  maga- 
zines and  has  delivered  lectures  on  stock  raising. 

f65.  John  Ellis,  real  estate,  425  N.  4th  St.,  Beatrice,  Neb.  Prin. 
schools,  Naples,  3  yrs. ;  ElPaso,  3  yrs. ;  prin.  Beatrice,  Neb.,  I  yr. 

*66  Joseph  Hunter,  died  April  17,  1880.  Prin.  Pontiac,  1866-7;  taught 
in  Washington  Univ.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

*67.  Richard  Porter,  died  March,  1903.  Perry,  I  yr. ;  Rantoul,  I  yr. ; 
Monticello,  i  yr. ;  country  schools,  3  yrs. 


256  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

CLASS  OF  1867 

68.  Emily  Caroline  Chandler   (Mrs.  Cyrus  W.  Hodgin),  Richmond, 
Ind.     Completed  4  yrs'   chautauqua  course   1881-1885;    st.  biblical  dept. 
Earlham  College,  1891-92;   prin.  ward  sch.,  Richmond,  Ind.,  1867-68;    pri- 
vate school  Marion,  Ind.    Married  Cyrus  W.  Hodgin  (See  No.  78),  Aug. 
22,  1867. 

69.  Emily  H.  Cotton  (Mrs.  William  H.  Collins),  1400  Vermont  St., 
Quincy.     Taught  9  yrs.  in  Griggsville,  Cairo,  Decatur,  and  Bloomington. 
Married,  Sept.  28,  1876. 

t7O.    Nellie  Forman.    West  Bridgeport,  Mass.,  i1/*  yrs.;   Lynn,  Mass., 

3  yrs.;   Hampton  Institute,  \Vz  yrs.;    Virginia,  1881. 

71.  Mary  W.  French,  teaching,  312  W.  William  St.,  Decatur.  Cairo, 
1867-69;  math,  in  h.  s.,  Decatur,  1869—. 

t72.  Eurania  G.  Gorton  (Mrs.  John  R.  Hanna),  Aurora.  Rock  Is- 
land, 2  yrs.;  Peru  h.  s.,  2  yrs.;  Aurora  preparatory,  I  yr. ;  asst.  Aurora 
h.  s.,  2  yrs. 

*73.  Mary  G.  Gorton,  died  November  15,  1878.  Rock  Island  h.  s.,  I 
yr. ;  Cook  County  Normal,  3  yrs. ;  Normal  Dept.  Arkansas  State  Normal ; 
asst.  in  Peabody  Branch  h.  s.,  St.  Louis,  till  1878. 

74.  Mary  Pennell   (Mrs.  Albert  H.  Barber),  22  Bryant  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago.    Taught,  Peoria  County  Normal;    h.  s.,  Polo;    h.  s.,  Normal  pub. 
sch. ;  h.  s.,  Tuscola. 

75.  Onias   C.  Barber,  bookseller  and  stationer,  Effingham.     Prin.  in 
111.,  i  yr. ;  prin.  and  asst.  prin.  in  Miss.,  2  yrs. 

*76.  John  R.  Edwards,  died  April,  1871.  Prin.  Hyde  Park  sch.,  i  yr. ; 
prin.  Evanston  schools,  1868;  elected  prin.  Third  Ward  sch.,  Peoria,  1869. 

t77-  George  E.  Hinman,  farmer,  Clearwater,  Cal.  Taught  5  yrs.  in 
Illinois,  Colorado,  and  Ohio. 

78.  Cyrus  Wilburn  Hodgin,  teaching,  Richmond,  Ind.  St  Univ.  of 
Chicago,  1892-1893;  prin.  Hadley's  Acad.,  Richmond,  Ind.,  1867-1868, 
prin.  h.  s.,  Richmond,  Ind.,  1868-1869;  prin.  twp.  graded  school,  Dublin, 
Ind.,  1869-1872;  teacher  of  history,  Ind.  State  Normal  Sch.,  1872-1881; 
supt.  Rushyille,  Ind.,  1882-1883;  prin.  Richmond  Normal  Sch.,  1883-1887; 
prof,  of  history  and  political  scicence,  Earlham  Col.,  Richmond,  Ind., 
i887-date;  pub.  Indiana  and  the  Nation,  a  text-book  on  the  civil  gov't. 
of  Ind.,  and  a  large  number  of  articles  on  historical  and  educational  sub- 
jects. Married  Emily  Caroline  Chandler  (See  No.  68),  Aug.  22,  1867. 

*79.     Fred  J.  Seybold,  lawyer.    Deceased. 

80.  James  S.  Stevenson,  teaching,  3127  Sheridan  Ave.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 
Prin.  Sparta,  1867-1869 ;  asst.  Academic  Dept  Washington  Univ.,  St  Louis, 
1869-1870;    prin.  Collinsville,  1870-1872;    prin.  pub.   sch.,   St  Louis,  Mo., 
:872-date.     Married  Margaret  Speer. 

CLASS  OF  1868 

81.  Ruth  E.  Barker  (Mrs.  Hargrove),  traveling  in  Europe.     Taught 

4  yrs.  Married  Dr.  Nathan  Scarritt,  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  deceased;  m.  Bishop 
Robt.  K.  Hargrove,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  now  deceased. 

82.  Ann  Eliza  Bullock,  Normal.     Tonica  rural   sch.,   1870-71 ;    asst 
h.  s.,  1871-72;    grammar  sch.,  1874-1876;    grades  Bloomington,  1872-73. 

83.  Jemima  S.  Burson,  Pasadena,  Cal.     Primary  teacher,  Richmond, 
Ind.,  1869-1872;   teacher  in  private  acad.,  Spiceland,  Ind.,  1872-1874. 

84.  Lydia  A.  Burson,  Pasadena,  Cal.     Prin.  Carthage,  Ind.,  1868-69; 
prin.  private  school,  Richmond,  Ind.,  1869-1872;    Spiceland,  Ind.,  Academy, 
1873-1874 ;  grammar  grade  teacher,  Pasadena,  Cal.,  1889-1898. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  257 

85.  Etta   S.   Dunbar    (Mrs.    Kelso),   teaching  literature,    music,   and 
painting,  Longmont,  Colo.    Prin.  Elburn,  1868-1870;   prin.  DeKalb,  1870-74; 
completed  and  published  article,  "Government  Analyzed,"   at   request  of 
husband.     Married,  Sept.  5,   1885,  to  Col.  John  R.  Kelso,  a  teacher  and 
author,  who  died  January,  1901. 

86.  Anna  C.  Gates,  2129  Oregon  Ave.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.     Tolono,  111., 
1868-1869;   assistant  St.  Louis,  1869-1870;   prin.  St.  Louis,  1870-1872;    head 
asst.  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Jan.,  1872-  June,  1872 ;   prin.  various  St.  Louis  schools, 
1872-1906. 

87.  Grace  S.  Hurwood,  Geyserville,  Cal.     Alton  h.  s.,  2  yrs. ;    prin. 
rural  or  small  towns,  13  yrs. ;    Franklin  School,  Oakland,  Cal.,  12  yrs. 

88.  Lucia    Kingsley    (Mrs.    George    G.    Manning),    Anderson,    Ind. 
I.S.N.U.  Model  Sch.,  3  yrs.;    Peru,  Ind.,  h.  s.,  1871-1876.    Married  George 
G.  Manning,  Aug.  24,  1871   (See  No.  115). 

89.  Eliza  A.  Pratt   (Mrs.  Kean),  Buchanan,   Mich.     Taught  Bloom- 
ington  h.  s.,  1869-1872.    Married  David  W.  Kean,  Chicago,  June  10,  1872. 

90.  Emma  T.  Robinson  (Mrs.  Kleckner),  1632  Pearl  St.,  Sioux  City, 
la.;    h.  s.,  Normal  pub.  schools,  1868-70;    prin.  elem.  s.,  Freeport,  2  mos. ; 
pub.  In  the  Realm  of  Fable  and  Women  of  the  Mayflower.    Married  Isaac 
F.  Kleckner,  July  28,  1870  (See  No.  114). 

91.  Mary   J.    Smith    (Mrs.    Stephen   J.    Bogardus),    Clinton.       Ma- 
rengo,  I  yr. 

*92.  Cornelia  Valentine,  died  June  20,  1877.  Earlham  College,  Rich- 
mond, Ind.,  i  yr. ;  Rushville,  h.  s.,  2  yrs. ;  Rock  Island  h.  s.,  I  yr. ;  Au- 
rora h.  s.,  5  months ;  111.  Female  College,  i  yr. ;  Rock  Island,  h.  s.,  3  yrs. 

193.     Elma  Valentine. 

*94.  Clara  E.  Watts,  died  June  4,  1884.  Matron  Soldiers'  Orphans' 
Horrte,  i  yr. ;  teacher  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home,  Normal,  2  yrs. ;  Normal 
public  school,  i  yr. 

*95.  Stephen  Bogardus,  died  at  Clinton,  Sept.  9,  1904.  Taught  33  yrs. ; 
prin.  Marengo,  2  yrs. ;  prof,  in  Springfield  Bus.  Coll. ;  prin.  Edwards 
School,  Springfield.  Married,  Mary  J.  Smith  (See  No.  91). 

*96.  William  A.  McBane,  died  Sept.  2,  1902.  Cairo,  i  yr. ;  Metropo- 
lis, 2  yrs. ;  vice  pres.  National  Bank,  Metropolis ;  editor  and  publisher  of 
Metropolis  Democrat,  1870-71.  Married  M.  C.  Bramer,  July  12,  1883. 

97.  Henry  McCormick,  vice  pres.  and  prof,  of  hist.,  I.S.N.U.  De- 
grees, A.  M.  and  LL.  D.  from  111.  Wesleyan  Univ. ;  prin.  pub.  sch.,  Nor- 
mal, 1868-69;  prof,  of  geog.,  I.S.N.U.,  1869-1901;  prof,  of  hist,  same, 
1876 — ;  vice-pres.,  same,  1891 — ;  pub.  Practical  Work  in  Geography;  Sug- 
gestions on  Teaching  Geography. 

*98.  Jacob  R.  Rightsell,  died  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  Aug.,  1905.  County 
supt.  of  Pulaski  county,  Ark.,  i  yr. ;  prin.  of  elem.  s.  and  supt.  of  schools, 
Little  Rock,  Ark.,  33  yrs. 

99.  William  Russell,  merchant,  notary  public,  and  farmer,  Southland, 
Ark.  St.  Earlham  College,  1887-88;  New  Garden,  1868-69;  supt.  Marion, 
Ind.,  1870-73 ;  model  dept.  Normal  School,  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  I  yr. ;  supt. 
Salem,  1874-77;  supt.  Marion,  Ind.,  1879-80;  prin.  twp.  sch.,  same;  South- 
land College,  Ark.,  prin.  1800-91;  pres.  same,  1891-97;  notary  public,  12 
yrs.  Married  Ruth  Sabina  Hinshaw,  Aug.  13,  1868. 

HIGH   SCHOOL   l868 

8.  Anna  M.   Edwards    (Mrs.   N.   C.  Dougherty),   Peoria.     Seminary 
at  St.  Louis,  6  mo. ;    h.  s.,  Princeton,  i  yr. 

9.  R.  Arthur  Edwards  (See  No.  137). 


258  SEMI-CENTENNIAL,  HISTORY 

CLASS  OF  1869 

100.  Lizzie  S.  Alden,  214  Harrison  St.,  Newton,  Kan.     Grad.  from 
State  Normal  Sch.,  Emporia,  Kan.,  1897;    prin.  sch.,  Caledonia,  1869-70; 
asst.  h.  s.  Lena,  1870-71 ;   rural  sch.,  near  Brimfield,  1871-74;  prin.  Burrton, 
Kan.,  1875-77;    primary  tea.  Newton,  Kan.,   1877-80;    primary  tea.  Sedg- 
wick,  Kan.,  1880-94;    same  in  Baptist  mission  sch.,  Atoka,  Ind.  Ter.,  1897- 
1900;   private  sch.,  Newton,  Kan.,  1900-03. 

101.  Melissa    Benton    (Mrs.    Overman),   391    West    End   Ave.,    New 
York  City.    T.  Geneseo,  1869-71 ;    h.  s.,  Dixon,  1871,  3  mos. ;   h.  s.,  Free- 
port,  1872-73.     Married  A.  H.  Overman,  Dec.,  1873. 

*iO2.  Ella  Kimball  Briggs,  died  March  27,  1906.  Logan  county,  i  yr. ; 
Lincoln,  2  yrs. ;  Delavan,  i  yr. ;  Jerseyville,  i  yr. ;  Cream  Ridge,  2  yrs. ; 
Freeport,  —  yrs. 

*IO3.  Lucretia  Davis  (Mrs.  Ramsey),  died  Yates  Center,  Kan.,  June 
27,  1887.  Quincy  Coll.,  I  yr. ;  Rushville,  I  yr.  Married  William  Ramsey, 
Rushville,  June,  1871. 

104.  Jane  E.  Pennell  (Mrs.  Carter),  836  W.  Church  St.,  Champaign. 
Normal  pub.  sch.,  i  yr. ;  Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  I  yr. ;  h.  s.,  Peru,  2  yrs.; 
rural  schools,  n  mo.;  Peru,  I  yr. ;  pres.  Illinois  Assn.  of  Domestic  Sci- 
ence, 7  yrs.  Married  Joseph  Carter  (See  No.  134),  June  23,  1870. 

fiOp.  Maria  L.  Sikes  (Mrs.  Nichols).  Geneseo,  2  yrs.;  Kewanee,  i 
yr. ;  prin.  Wyoming,  la.,  4  yrs. 

tio6.  Helen  M.  Wadleigh  (Mrs.  Willis).  Near  Rutledge,  i  yr. ;  in 
Missouri,  2  yrs. 

107.  Ben  C.  Allensworth,  insurance,  Pekin.     Supt.   Elmwood,   1869- 
72 ;    Minier,  2  yrs ;    county  supt.   of  schools,    Tazewell  county,    1877-86 ; 
member  of  bd.  of  educ.,  Pekin,  7  yrs. ;    postmaster,  Pekin,  1894-98 ;    pub. 
History  of  Tazewell  County;    editor  of  Pekin  Times,  1886-94.     Married 
Charity  A.  Turner,  Oct.  7,  1875. 

108.  Alfred  Cleveland  Cotton,  physician  to  diseases  of  children,  1485 
W.  Jackson  Blvd.,  Chicago.     St.  Rush  Med.  Coll.,  1876-78;    med.  sch.  in 
Philadelphia  and  N.  Y.,  1883 ;    Vienna,  Berlin,  and  London,   1897 ;    prin. 
Richview,  1869-70;    prin.  Buckley,  1870-71;    prin.  Gilman,   1871-73;    supt. 
Grand  Tower,  1873-74;    supt.  Griggsville,   1874-76;    lecturer  and  prof,  of 
diseases  of  children,  Rush  Med.  College,   1881 — ;    city  physician  of  Chi- 
cago, 1891-93,  and  1895-97;    lecturer  to  111.  training  sch.  for  nurses  and 
the  Presbyterian  training  sch. ;    pub.  Anatomy,  Physiology  and  Hygiene 
of  Infancy  and  Childhood,  The  Medical  Diseases  of  Infancy  and  Child- 
hood, and  other  articles;   private  Co.  F,  I37th  Regt.  111.  Vol.  Inft,  1864-65; 
prisoner  of  war,  Aug.  21,  1864- April,  65.     Married  Olive  A.  Rider,  1880; 
m.  Nettie  M.  MacDonald,  1893. 

109.  Charles   H.    Crandell,  teaching,  806  Main   St.,  Wheaton.     Prin. 
sch.,  DeKalb,  2,\  yrs. ;    supt.   Petersburg,   1    yr. ;    prin.   elem.   sch.,   Troy, 
N.  Y.,  5  yrs.;    prin.  sch.,  Worthington,  O.,  2  yrs.;    prin.  sch.,  St.  Charles, 
2  yrs.;    supt.  Sterling,  2  yrs.;    supt.  Hinsdale,  5  yrs.;    supt.  West  Batavia, 
2  yrs. ;  other  positions,  4  yrs.    Married  Almira  A.  Davis,  Dec.  26,  1876. 

fiio.  Hugh  R.  Edwards,  manf.  hardware,  Whitcomb,  .Wis.  Prin. 
elem.  sch.,  Peoria,  2  yrs. ;  Sterling,  I  yr. ;  Byron,  I  yr. ;  prin.  Edwards 
Seminary,  Sterling,  3  yrs. ;  Peoria,  8  yrs. 

in.  William  R.  Edwards,  editor  and  postmaster,  Tracy,  Minn.  Taught 
15  yrs.  as  prin.  and  supt,  Faribault,  Minn. ;  New  Hampton  and  Osage, 
la. ;  county  supt.  Lyon  Co.,  Minn.  Married  Josephine  E.  Bigelow,  July 
19,  1870. 

112.  James  W.  Hays,  708  University  Ave.,  Urbana.  Prin.  elem.  s., 
Paris,  1869-70;  supt.  Paris,  1870-71;  supt.  Urbana,  1871-75,  1876-1906; 
pres.  state  teachers'  association,  1897. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  259 

fii3.     Charles  Howard.     Address  unknown. 

*H4.  Isaac  F.  Kleckner,  died  March  4,  1891.  Supt.  Stephenson  county, 
4  yrs.  Married  Emma  T.  Robinson  (See  No.  90). 

115.  George  Grant  Manning,  pres.  and  mgr.  Crystal  Ice  and  Cold 
Storage  Co.,  Anderson,  Ind.  Prin.  Fulton,  1869;  Jacksonville,  1870;  supt. 
Peru,  Ind.,  1871-92.  Married  Lucia  Kingsley  (See  No.  88),  Aug.,  1871. 

*n6.  George  W.  Mason,  physician,  died  Oct.  8,  1887.  Taught,  Little 
Rock,  Ark.,  Pekin,  and  Hannibal,  8  yrs. 

117.  Charles  W.  Moore,  ins.  agt,  Storm  Lake,  la.  Private  sch., 
Tremont,  1869-71;  prin.  Tremont,  1871-72;  prin.  Ridott,  1872-74;  Cedar- 
ville,  1874-75  J  Lena,  1875-76 ;  rural  school,  1876-77 ;  prin.  Storm  Lake,  la., 
1880-81 ;  rural  schools  in  Iowa,  1885-89 ;  county  and  other  official  posi- 
tions in  Iowa,  1889 — .  Married  Emma  A.  Dean,  Nov.  30,  1891. 

fn8.  Christopher  D.  Mowry,  surgeon,  Aurora.  Prin.  Pecatonica,  3 
yrs. ;  Anamosa,  la.,  2  yrs. 

HIGH    SCHOOL   1869 

*io.     Gratiot  Washburn,  died,  1886. 

CLASS  OF  1870 

fug.  Louisa  C.  Allen  (Mrs.  John  M.  Gregory),  The  Concord,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  Alton  h.  s.,  i  yr. ;  Peoria  Normal,  2  yrs. ;  University  of 
Illinois,  6  yrs. 

120.  Barbara  Denning,  housekeeper,  Normal.  ,  Shawneetown,  1870- 
1872 ;  LaSalle,  1872-1873 ;  missionary  teacher  Argentine  Republic,  S.  A., 
1874-1890. 

*i2i.     Alice  Emmons,  died  October  2,  1871.    Taught  2  months. 

fi22.     Clara  E.  Higby,  Chicago.    Taught  27  yrs.  in  Chicago  schools. 

fi23.     Emma  A.  Howard  (Mrs.  Gardner),  Orange,  Cal.,  4  yrs. 

124.  Margaret  E.  Hunter  (Mrs.  Levi  T.  Regan),  609  W.  66th  St., 
Chicago.  Taught  Mississippi  State  Normal  Sch.,  1871-74.  Married  Levi 
T.  Regan  (See  No.  143),  1874. 

fi25.  Maria  L.  Kimberley  (Mrs.  Perry),  164  Canfield  St.,  Detroit, 
Mich.  Warrensburg,  Mo.,  2  yrs.;  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  i  yr. 

126.  Mary  D.  LeBaron,  Oneida.  Taught  14  yrs.,  mostly  in  elem. 
sch.,  Chicago. 

*I27.  Letitia  A.  Mason  (Mrs.  Willam  E.  Quine),  died  June  14,  1903. 
Taught  i  yr. 

128.  Adella  Nance   (Mrs.  C.  A.  Shilton),  218  S.  Elm  St.,  Kewanee. 
Prin.  h.  s.,  Weathersfield,  1870-71 ;    prin.  Galva,  1872-73 ;    Moline,  1873-75. 
Married  May  28,  1879. 

129.  Adelaide  V.  Rutherford,  Box  376,  Girard.   St.  Ann  Arbor,  Mich., 
J873-74;    same,  1880- Apr.,  1882;    111.  sch.,  3  yrs.;    Mo.  sch.,  i  yr. ;    Kan. 
sch.,  i  yr. ;    Texas  sch.,  i  yr. ;    pub.  magazine  articles  on  various  subjects. 

130.  Frances  A.  Smith  (Mrs.  Frances  A.  Cole),  Berkeley,  Cal.    Prin. 
prep.  dept.  Woman's  Coll.,  Evanston,  111.,  i  yr. ;    South  Side  Select  Sch., 
Chicago,  2  yrs. ;    Bryant  &   Stratton   Bus.   Coll.,   Chicago,   3  yrs. ;    prac. 
dept.,  Alabama  State  Normal,  i  yr. ;    Elgin  pub.  sch.,  2  yrs. 

131.  Armada  S.  Thomas   (Mrs.  Bevan),  Atlanta.     Lincoln,   1870-73; 
Jerseyville,  1873-74;    h.  s.  Delavan,  1874-76;    h.  s.,  Atlanta,  1876-77.    Mar- 
ried John  L.  Bevan,  1877. 

fi32.  Marian  E.  Weed  (Mrs.  Martin),  723  Orchard  St.,  Chicago. 
Loda,  i  yr. ;  Lacon,  i  yr. 


260  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

133.  Benjamin  Webb  Baker,  pastor  M.  E.  church,  DeFuniak  Springs, 
Fla.     Received  degrees,  M.A.  and  Ph.D.  at  Wesleyan  Univ. ;    rural  sch., 
Coles  Co.,  3  yrs. ;    prin.   grammar  dept.   Model  Sch.  I.S.N.U.,  3  yrs. ; 
agent  for  Wesleyan  Univ.,  Bloomington,  4  yrs.;    pres.  Chaddock  College, 
Quincy,  5  yrs. ;   pres.  Missouri  Wesleyan  College,  Cameron,  Mo.,  7^  yrs. 
Married  Martha  Frances  Henry,  Dec.  14,  1871. 

134.  Joseph  Carter,  farmer,  836  W.   Church  St.,  Champaign.     Supt. 
Normal  pub.  sch.,  1874-78;    supt.  Peru,  1878-85;    supt.  Danville,  1892-96; 
supt.  Champaign,  1896-1906;    member  State  Board  of  Education,  1873-79. 
Married  Jane  E.  Pennell  (See  No.  104),  June  23,  1870. 

135.  Robert  A.  Childs,  Hinsdale.     Prin.  Amboy  schools,  3  yrs;    ad- 
mitted to  bar  in  1873;   lawyer  in  Chicago. 

*I36.  James  W.  Dewell,  died  September  3,  1903.  Two  yrs.  near 
Carrollton;  i  yr.,  Barry;  i  yr.,  Elm  Grove;  2  yrs.,  Kane;  16  yrs. 

137.  R.  Arthur  Edwards,  banker,  Peru,  Ind.  St.  Dartmouth  College, 
Hanover,  N.  H.,  1872-1873;  Princeton  Univ.,  1874-1876;  instructor  in 
Latin  and  Greek,  Rock  River  Seminary,  Mount  Morris,  1873-74,  a°d  1876- 
78;  prof.  English  Lit.  and  Belles  Lettres,  Knox  Coll.,  Galesburg,  1878- 
1881.  Married  Mary  Alice  Shirk. 

fi38-  Samuel  W.  Carman,  curator,  Agassiz  Museum,  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  since  1873.  Principal  of  Miss.  State  Normal  School,  Holly  Springs, 
i  year;  Lake  Forest  Seminary  2  yrs. 

139.  John  W.  Gibson,  died  Naperville,  Aug.  6,  1906.  Adeline,  2  yrs. ; 
Belvidere,  9  yrs. ;  Whitewater,  Wis.,  i  yr. ;  Normal,  i  yr. ;  Decatur,  5 
yrs. ;  Oregon,  3  yrs. ;  Naperville,  4  yrs. ;  pub.  Chart  History  of  the  Civil 
War,  a  United  States  History  For  Schools,  and  an  article  on  Social  Purity. 
Married  Alice  I.  Blair,  Aug.  19,  1873. 

fi4O.    Benjamin  Hunter,  Mt.  Vernon,  Ind.    Oneida,  5  years. 

fi4i.  John  W.  Lummis,  566  nth  St.,  Oakland,  Cal.  Clayton,  i  yr. ; 
Elm  Grove,  I  yr. 

fi42.  John  H.  Parr,  prop.  Summer  Hotel,  Castle  Park,  Mich.  Cedar- 
ville,  4  yrs. ;  Morris  Seminary,  2  yrs. ;  ministry,  i  yr. ;  Chicago  Prep. 
Sch.,  5  yrs. 

143.  Levi  T.   Regan,  teaching,  609  W.  66th   St.,   Chicago.     County 
supt.  schools,  Logan  county,  1870-1873 ;    supt.  sch.  Lincoln,  1873-75 ;    Am- 
boy,  1875-78;    Morris,  1878-89;    prin.   Sherman  Sch.,  Chicago,   i88<j-date. 
Married  Margaret  E.  Hunter  (See  No.  124),  1874, 

144.  Wade  Hampton  Richardson,  real  estate,  264  Pleasant  St.,  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.     Prin.  St.  Paul's  Sch.,  Kankakee,  1870  to  Jan.,  1871 ;    prin. 
Rantoul,  Jan.,  1871,  June,  1872;   prin.  ward  schools,  Milkaukee,  Wis.,  1872- 
76,   1877-1882,  and  1884-85;    pub.   Graded  Language  Exercises,  1881,  and 
How  I  Reached  the  Union  Lines — personal  reminiscences,  1896  and  1905. 
Married,  Aug.  10,  1870,  Lydia  Corbett,  who  died  in  1878;   m.  Mary  Aurelia 
Hawley  (See  No.  205),  Aug.  5,  1880. 

fi45.  John  W.  Smith,  with  Industrial  B.  &  L.  Ass'n,  1604  Arapahoe 
St.,  Denver,  Colo.  Prin.  school  Pontiac,  5  yrs.;  Cal.,  i  yr;  prin.  Odell, 
i  yr. ;  State  Reform  sch.,  4  yrs ;  prin.  Denver,  Colo,  6  yrs. 

HIGH    SCHOOL    1870 

fn.    Almira  A.  Bacon. 

12.  Ellen  Hinsdale  Galusha  (Mrs.  Smith),  2039  Knoxville  Ave., 
Peoria.  Granville,  1870-71 ;  pub.  How  to  Shade  Embroidered  Flowers  and 
Leaves.  Married  William  Hawley  Smith  (See  H.  S.  No.  15),  July  19,  1870. 

fi3-     William  Burry,  lawyer,  925  Woman's  Temple,  Chicago. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  261 

14.  William  Duff  Haynie,  lawyer,  Commercial  Nat'l  Bank  Bldg.,  Chi- 
cago.   St.  Harvard  College,  1870-74;    law  sch.  Wesleyan  Univ.,  Blooming- 
ton,  1875-76;    chief  elk.  to  1st  asst.  postmaster  general,  Washington,  D.  C., 
1885-89.    Married  Ella  R.  Thomas,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Jan.  30,  1889. 

15.  William  Hawley  Smith,  lecturer  and  writer,  2039  Knoxville  Ave., 
Peoria.      Granville,    1870-71 ;     Tonica,    1871-73 ;     Farmer    City,    1874-75 ; 
county  supt.  of  schools,  McLean  Co.,  1875-82;    pub.  Evolution  of  Dodd, 
Walks  and  Talks,  The  Ne^v  Hamlet,  The  Promoters,  All  the  Children  of 
All  the  People.     Married  Nellie  H.  Galusha  (See  H.  S.  No.  12),  July  19, 
1870. 

CLASS  OF  1871 

146.  Charlotte  C.  Blake  (Mrs.  Edward  Myers),  315  S.  Vermilion  St., 
Streator.  Carbondale,  1871-72;  DeKalb,  1872-74;  Metamora,  1874-76; 
Normal,  1876-79 ;  prin.  elem.  s.  Streator,  1879-81 ;  h.  s.  teacher,  Morris, 
1881-82.  Married  June  22,  1882. 

fi47.  Isabella  S.  Houston  (Mrs.  Rev.  Manly  Tabor),  Hornellsville, 
N.  Y.,  I  yr. ;  Atlanta,  i  yr. ;  Lincoln,  i  yr. ;  Springfield,  3  yrs. 

*I48.  Julia  E.  Kennedy.  Deceased.  Prin.  of  ward  sch.  in  St.  Louis ; 
teacher  of  rhetoric  in  State  Normal  Sch.  at  Cape  Girardeau ;  primary 
training  teacher  I.S.N.U.,  1879-88;  supt.  of  schools,  Seattle,  Wash.,  3 
yrs. ;  prin.  of  schools,  Douglas,  Alaska. 

149.  Harriet  E.  Kern  (Mrs.  Walker),  Glen  Oaks,  Des  Moines,  la. 
Bloomington,  5  yrs.  Married  Theo.  M.  Walker,  May  30,  1877. 

*I5O.     Celestia  M.  Mann,  died  1887.    Taught  3  yrs. 

fi5i.  Frances  I.  Moroney,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Taught  19  yrs.  in 
Bloomington  and  Minneapolis. 

*I52.  Frances  L.  Rawlings  (Mrs.  Dr.  T.  N.  Cunningham),  died  at 
Princeton,  spring  of  1899.  Centralia,  I  yr. ;  Pekin,  i  yr. ;  Soldiers'  Or- 
phans' Home,  Normal,  2  yrs. ;  Topeka,  I  yr. 

153.  Isabel  S.  Rugg  (Mrs.  N.  H.  Reed),  314  Micheltorena  St.,  Santa 
Barbara,  Cal.  Asst.  in  h.  s.  Odell,  i  yr. ;  asst.  h.  s.,  Pontiac,  2  yrs. ;  pub. 
Santa  Barbara  Scenes  and  Scenery,  a  booklet  descriptive  of  Santa  Bar- 
bara. Married  Norman  H.  Reed,  April  30,  1873. 

fi54.  Frances  E.  Shaver  (Mrs.  J.  T.  Thompson),  3733  Vincennes 
Ave.,  Chicago,  3  yrs. 

fi55.  Emma  G.  Strain,  418  W.  Broadway,  Louisville,  Ky.  Blooming- 
ton,  7  yrs. ;  Louisville,  4  yrs. 

*I56.  Frances  J.  Weyand  (Mrs.  Latham),  died  November  19,  1899. 
Taught  il/2  yrs. 

*I57.  William  C.  Griffith,  died  January  13,  1892.  Taught  Taylorville, 
5  yrs. 

*I58.     Henry  F.  Holcomb,  died,  Oct.,  1871. 

fi59-  Andrew  T.  Lewis,  lawyer,  720  E.  Salmon  St.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Clerk  U.  S.  Dist.  Court,  Alaska,  3  years. 

fi6o.     Tillghman  A.  H.  Norman,  farmer,  Marshall.    Taught  15  yrs. 
161.     Edgar  D.  Plummer,  1304  N.  Main  St.,  Decatur. 

*i62.  James  Oscar  Polhemus,  died  August  15,  1877.  Taught  6  yrs. 
in  Illinois  schools. 

fi63-  James  R.  Richardson,  Tonti.  Armington,  I  yr. ;  Woodson,  2 
yrs. ;  Franklin,  2-3  yr. ;  Stanford,  i  yr. ;  Morton,  2  yrs. ;  Marseilles,  2 
yrs. ;  Blue  Rapids,  Kan.,  I  yr. ;  Sparta,  I  yr. 

*i64.    R.  Morris  Waterman,  died  October,  1871. 


262  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

="165.  John  X.  Wilson,  died  at  Austin,  Minn.,  December  3,  1897. 
Taught,  Peoria,  13  yrs. 

*i66.  John  P.  Yoder,  died  at  Needy,  Ore.,  June  i,  1904.  Blue  Is- 
land, i  yr. ;  McLean  county,  i  yr. ;  Danvers,  6  yrs. ;  Bushnell,  14  yrs. 

HIGH    SCHOOL    1871 

fi6.    Alice  C  Chase. 

CLASS  OF  1872 

ti67.    Anna  G.  Bowen,  955  S.  Trumbull  Ave.,  Chicago.    Taught  6  yrs. 

168.  Martha  A.  Fleming,  teacher  School  of  Education,  Univ.  of  Chi- 
cago.    St.   Paris   Conservatoire,  and  University  of  Chicago;    articles   in 
The  Elementary  School  Teacher. 

169.  Lenora  Franklin,  teacher,  6124  S.  Park  Ave.,  Chicago.     Taught 
13  yrs.  in  h.  s.  in  Illinois  and  Colorado;    17  yrs.  head  asst.  in  a  Chicago 
grammar  school. 

170.  Mary  C.  Furry   (Mrs.  Oliver   C.  Talbott),  Polo,   111.     Teacher, 
Normal,   1872-75,  private  sch.   1876;    Sterling,  4  yrs.;    Whiteside  Co.,   12 
yrs.    Married  September  9,  1888. 

171.  Clara  Shaw  Gaston  (Mrs.  Stephen  A.  Forbes),  Urbana.  Teacher, 
h.  s.  Laporte,  Ind.,  I  yr.    Married  Stephen  A.  Forbes,  1873. 

*I72.    Anna  M.  Gladding,  died  March,  1882.    Taught  4  yrs. 

173.  Rachel  Hickey  (Mrs.  Thomas  Carr),  physician  and  surgeon,  100 
State   St.,   Chicago.     St.    Illinois   Training   School   for   Nurses,   Women's 
Medical  Sch.  of  Northwestern  Univ.,  interne  Cook  Co.  hospital ;    taught 
Ramsey,  I  yr. ;    DeKalb,  I  yr. ;   teacher  of  English,  Mrs.  Sewall's  Classical 
Sch.,  Indianapolis,  7  yrs ;    Blomington,    I    yr. ;    head   nurse    Presbyterian 
hospital,  Chicago;    prof,  histology  and  operative  surgery,  Woman's  Med- 
ical College,  Northwestern  Univ.,  23  yrs. ;    instructor  in  surgery,   Physi- 
cians' and  Surgeons'  College  of  the  Univ.  of  111. ;   medical  director  People's 
Life  Ins.  Co.     Married  Thomas  Carr. 

174.  Sarah  C.  Hunter,  head  asst.  Henry  Clay  Sch.,  615  W.  66th  St., 
Chicago.      Elem.    sch.,    Chicago,    1872 — ,    excepting    few   months    spent    in 
Europe. 

175.  Alza   A.    Karr    (Mrs.   George   Blount),   Phoenix,   Ariz.     Asst. 
prin.,   Atlanta,    1872-74;     Forreston,    1875-76;     Scottsdale,   Ariz.,    1895-96, 
1903-04.    Married  Normal,  August  18,  1874. 

176.  Martha  G.    Knight    (Mrs.  John   B.  Adam),   Normal.     Teacher 
Bloomington,  4  yrs. ;    prin.  village  sch.,  2  yrs ;    country  sch.,  3  yrs. ;    asst. 
teacher,   I.S.N.U.,  2  terms;    h.   s.   prin.,   Corning,   la.,  4  yrs.     Married 
Feb  .18,  1892. 

*I77.  Julia  F.  Mason  (Mrs.  Parkinson),  died  San  Jose,  Cal.,  Aug.  6, 
1879.  Taught  Winchester,  i  yr. ;  Lincoln,  i  yr. ;  S.I.S.N.S.,  as  prin.  of 
training  sch.,  2  yrs.  Married  Daniel  B.  Parkinson,  Dec.  28,  1876. 

178.  Emma  A.  Monroe  (Mrs.  Robert  W.  McCracken),  6400  Emerald 
Ave.,  Chicago.  Teacher,  Virginia,  1873;  Bloomington,  1874-78;  h.  s. 
Pine  Bluff,  Ark.,  1879;  h.  s.  Macon,  1880;  Chicago,  1885-1893;  poems, 
humorous  articles,  and  short  stories.  Married  Aug.  10,  1893. 

*I79.  Julia  M.  Moore  (Mrs.  Byerly),  died  at  Urbana,  March  13, 
1898.  Taught,  i  yr. 

fi8o.  Mary  V.  Osborn,  5861  Ridge  Ave.,  St.  Louis.  H.  s.,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  33  yrs. 

181.  Flora  Pennell  (Mrs.  John  H.  Parr),  Castle  Park,  Mich.  St. 
Vassar,  1873-74;  teacher,  country  sch.,  1872-73;  first  asst.  Elgin  h.  s., 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  263 

1874-77;     preceptress    I.S.N.U.,    1877-90;     teacher    in    county    institutes 
during  connection  with  I.S.N.U.     Married  Dec.  24,  1890. 

182.  Alice  B.  Phillips,  asst.  man.  of  poultry  farm,  Houston,  Del.   Nor- 
mal pub.  sch.,  3  yrs. ;    asst.  postmaster,  Corbett,  Pa.,  3  yrs. ;    reports  of 
grange  meetings  in  Milford  Chronicle. 

183.  R.   Louisa   Ray,  lawyer,  449  3d   St.,    Portland,    Ore.     Teacher, 
Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home,  Normal,  1809-70;   h.  s.  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  1872-73; 
preceptress  Peoria  Co.  Normal  Sch.,  1874-79;    h.  s.,  Chicago,  1881-84;    ad- 
mitted to  bar,  Oregon,  1902. 

184.  Alpha  Stuart,  teacher,  55   S.   Ada   St.,  Chicago.     Country   sch., 
1872-79. ;    prin.  grammar  sch.,  Normal,  1879-81 ;    asst.  prin.,  Atlanta  h.  s., 
1881-83;     Bloomington,    1883-92;     prin.    Bloomington,    1892-04;     Chicago, 
1904-07. 

*i85.     Gertrude  M.  Town    (Mrs.   Robert  H.   Beggs),   died   May   15, 

Taught  II  yrs. 

fi86.  Edith  Z.  Ward  (Mrs.  Roach),  Watson  Valley,  Cal.  Elgin,  i 
yr. ;  Hyde  Park,  2  yrs ;  California,  i  yr. 

187.  Edwin   Faxon   Bacon,  prof,   modern   languages,    Oneonta    State 
Normal,  Oneonta,  N.  Y.     St.  Sheffield  Scientific  Sch.,  1868-71 ;    prin.,  Nor- 
walk,    Conn.,    1866-68;     teacher    modern    languages,    Hasbrouck    Institute, 
Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  1878-89;    lecturer  in  English,  Institute  Polyglott,  Paris, 
1882-83 !     prof,    modern    languages,    Oneonta    State    Normal,    iSSg-date ; 
Leitfaden,  1882;   New  French  Course,  1897;    New  German  Course,  1906; 
History  of  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1902. 

188.  Robert  H.  Beggs,  prin.  Whittier  Sch.,  Denver,  Col.,  res.  Univer- 
sity Park,  Col.     Prin.  Virginia,  1869-75;    prin.  Wilmington,  1875-80;  prin. 
Denver,  Colo.,  since  1880.     Married  Gertrude  M.  Town,  1875 ;    m.  Clara 
M.  Beardsley,  1890. 

189.  George  Blount,  supt.  h.  s.,  Phoenix,  Ariz.    Supt.  in  Illinois,  1872- 
96;    supt.  h.  s.,  Phoenix,  Ariz.,  i896-date;    member  of  board  of  school  ex- 
aminers for  Arizona  for  several  years ;    member  of  the  territorial  board 
of  education ;    former  pres.  of  territorial  teachers'  association  of  Arizona. 
Married  Alza  A.  Karr,  Normal,  1874. 

*I9O.    James  M.  Greeley,  died  1883.    Taught  2  yrs. 

191.  Frank  W.  Hullinger,  clergyman,  Colorado  City,  Colo.     St.  Ober- 
lin,    1874-75 !     Chicago    Theological    Seminary,    1878-79 ;      prin.     Chicago 
Heights,    1872-74;    Homewood    Academy,    1874;    supt.    Worcester    Acad., 
Vinita,  Ind.,    1883-86.     Married  Ella  Jean   Caldwell,   1873,  died   1889;  m. 
Linnie  Keiser,  1892. 

192.  Elisha  W.  Livingston,  justice  of  peace,  Capron.    St.  Beloit,  1873 ; 
prin.,  Poplar  Grove,  1874-75;    P"n.  Durand,  Rockton,  Caledonia.     Married 
Mary  A.  Hanson,  1862. 

*I93.     Thomas  L.  McGrath,  died  1888.    Taught  6  years. 

ti94-     Charles  D.  Mariner,  Woonsocket,  S.  D.     Taught  22  yrs. 

*I95.     Samuel  W.  Paisley,  died  February  3,  1878.    Watseka,  4  yrs. 

196.  Frank  E.  Richey,  lawyer,  Oriel  Bldg.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Teacher 
of  math,  in  Milwaukee  Acad.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1872-74;  pub.  The  Auto- 
biography of  a  $100  Bill,  The  Law  of  Mechanic's  Liens  and  misc.  Mag. 
articles.  Married  Fannie  Lippman,  Dec.  25,  1879. 

fi97.  Espy  L.  Smith,  M.  D.,  974  W.  Polk  St.,  Chicago.  Granville,  i 
yr. ;  Camp  Point,  i  yr. ;  Wenona,  I  yr. ;  Minonk,  4  yrs. 

198.  John  H.  Stickney,  farmer,  Vancouver,  Wash.,  R.F.D.  i.  Prin.  Al- 
tona,  1872-77,80-83;  St.  Charles,  1877-80;  Knoxville,  1883-90;  prin.  Tou- 
lon, 1890-99.  Married  Hattie  D.  Abernethy,  1876,  d.  Apr.,  1883;  m.  Mrs. 
Eloise  Huggins,  1884. 


264  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

*I99.    William  R.  Wallace,  died  1876.    Taught  2  yrs. 
*2OO.    James  M.  Wilson,  deceased.     Bloomington,  Ind.,  3  yrs. ;    prof, 
of  math.,  Terre  Haute  Normal  Sch.,  6  yrs. ;   Berkeley,  6  yrs. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  1872 

fi7.     Chalmers  Rayburn,  stock  raiser,  Eldorado.    T.  14  yrs. 
fi8.     Newton  B.  Reed,  attorney,  Woonsocket,  S.  Dak.    County  judge, 
Sanborn  Co. 

CLASS  OF  1873 

201.  Lura  Minerva  Bullock   (Mrs.  Charles  G.  Elliott),  The  Ashley, 
Washington  Heights,  Washington,  D.  C.     St.  I.S.N.U.,  1876-77;    t.  and 
prin.,  Tonica,  1874-76;    prin.  h.  s.,  Macomb,  1877-78.     Married,  Charles  G. 
Elliott,  C.  E.,  now  chief  of  land  drainage,  U.  S.  Exp.  Stations,  1879. 

202.  Mary  M.  Cox,   Florence,   Italy,   traveling  on  leave  of  absence 
from  San  Francisco  sch.  work.    St.  in  Germany  and  France,  5  yrs. ;  teacher 
in  grades,  1873-78,  Lowell  h.  s.,  San  Francisco,  1878-1907,  except  5  yrs; 
teacher  of  modern  languages,  I9o6-date. 

203.  Ellen   S.    Edwards,    1401    Park    St.,   Bloomington.      St.    Boston 
Univ.    School    of   Oratory,    1877-78;     Henry   Cohn's    Sch.    of    Languages, 
Boston ;    h.  s.  asst.,  Lexington,   1873-74 !    Rock  River  Sem.,  Mt.   Morris, 
1875;     I.S.N.U.     1875-7;     Colorado    College,    Colorado    Springs,    1882; 
Stories  for  Students'  Series  of  Readers,  Congregational  "Home  Mission- 
ary" and  Chicago  "Advance." 

204.  Ida  L.  Foss,  bookkeeper,  Y.W.C.A.,  288  Michigan  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago.   Asst.  h.  s.,  Homer,  1873-74;   Rossville,  1874-77;   Rushville,  1877-83; 
Decatur  1883-84;   Rushville  1886-89;  bookkeeper  and  cashier  Chicago. 

205.  Mary  Aurelia  Hawley  (Mrs.  Wade  H.  Richardson),  264  Pleas- 
ant St.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.     T.   Naples,  1874;    Beardstown,   1874-75;    Mil- 
waukee, Wis.,   1875-80;    specialized   in  botany,  plants  of   Milwaukee  Co. 
Married,  1880  (See  No.  144). 

206.  H.   Amelia   Kellogg   (Mrs.   Fred  L.   Bryant),   163   E.  36th   St., 
Chicago.     St.  Zurich,   1886;    teacher,   Chicago,   1873-92;    prin.   Riverdale 
Sch.,  Chicago,  1892-95 ;    teacher  psychology,  Chicago  Training  Sch.,  1895- 
6;   prin.  W.  C.  Goudy  Sch.,  Chicago,  1896-99.    Married  July  16,  1896. 

207.  Lizzie   Effie    Peter,   bookkeeper,   2041    Ogden   St.,   Denver,    Col. 
Teacher  country  school,  North  San  Juan,  Cal.,  1874;    asst.  prin.,  Mason 
City,  1875-77 ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Lincoln,  1877-79  '•>    grammar  sch.,  Larned,  Kan., 
1880-81;    Cimarron,  Kan.,  1881-82;    h.  s.,  Larned,  Kan.,   1882-83;    Jewell, 
Kan.,  1884-89;    Salina,  Kan.,  1889-90;    Oakland,  Kan.,   1891-97;    Denver, 
Col.,  1898-99. 

*2o8.  Anna  V.  Sutherland  (Mrs.  Allen  Brown),  died  July  25,  1894. 
Mt.  Prospect,  2  yrs. ;  Bloomington,  I  yr. ;  Hey  worth,  i  yr. ;  Leroy,  2  yrs. 

209.  May  I.  Thomas,  Atlanta,  111.    St.  Armour  Institute,  I  yr. ;  teacher 
Atlanta,  1873-86;    stenographer  in  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Office, 
Chicago,  5  yrs.;   member  D.A.R. 

210.  Emma  W.  Warne  (Mrs.  Elry  Hall),  Sycamore.     Prin.  h.  s.  De- 
Kalb,  1873-74;    prin.  h.  s.  Elburn,  1874-75;    prin.  DeKalb,  1876.     Married 
Oct.  3,  1877- 

*2ii  Putnam  L.  Brigham,  died  February,  1892,  in  Manning,  la. 
Taught  6  yrs. 

212.  Charles  DeGarmo,  prof.  Science  and  Art  of  Education,  Cornell 
Univ.,  809  E.  State  St.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Principal  Naples,  1873-76;  asst. 
prin.  grammar  sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1876-83;  prof.  mod.  languages,  I.S.N.U., 
1886-90;  prof,  psychology  and  pedagogy,  Univ.  of  111.,  1890-91;  pres. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  265 

Swarthmore  Coll.,  Pa.,  1891-98;  prof,  science  and  art  of  education  Cor- 
nell Univ.,  i8o8-date;  pres.  National  Herbart  Society,  1892-97;  pres. 
National  Council  of  Education,  1897-98 ;  System  of  Dictionary  Work  for 
Common  Schools  (with  Thos.  Metcalf),  1879;  Essentials  of  Method, 
1889;  translation  Lindner's  Empirical  Psychology,  1889;  Tales  of  Troy, 
1891 ;  edited  Lange's  Apperception,  1893 ;  Ufer's  Pedagogics  of  Her- 
bart, 1894;  Herbart  and  the  Herbartians,  1896;  Language  Lessons 
(2  books),  1897;  annotated  Herbart's  Outlines  of  Educational  Doctrine, 
1901;  Interest  and  Education,  1902;  Principles  of  Secondary  Educa- 
tion, 1907;  Contributions  to  educational  reviews,  1886-97;  founded  with 
E.  J.  James,  Illinois  School  Journal,  1881.  Married  Ida  Witbeck,  1875; 
two  s"ons  and  a  daughter. 

213.  Jasper  F.  Hays,  truck  and  berry  grower,  Pasadena,  Harris  Co., 
Tex.     Prin.  of  schools  in  Whiteside  and  Lee  counties,  6  yrs;   pub.  schools 
of  Kansas,  4  yrs.    Married  Rosalia  Robertson,  Dec.,  1875. 

214.  Ernies  E.  R.  Kimbrough,  circuit  judge,  5th  judicial  circuit,  Dan- 
ville.    Supt.,   Golconda,    1873-74;     member  board  of  education,   Danville, 
1880-89;     member    thirty-third    and    thirty-fourth    General     Assemblies, 
1883-85;    mayor  of  Danville,  1897-99;    circuit  judge,   i9O3-date.     Married 
Julia  C.  Tincher,  Danville,  1876;   member  dem.  nat.  convention  1888,  1892; 
gold  dem.  nat.  convention,  1896;   revised  111.  sch.  law,  1889;    member  State 
Board  of  Education  since  1893. 

215.  George  M.   LeCrone,   newspaper  editor   and  proprietor,   Effing- 
ham.     Teacher  Moccasin,  i  yr. ;    prin.,  Effingham,  i  yr. ;    alderman,  mem- 
ber board  of  education  of  Effingham,  member  Illinois  legislature.     Married 
Frances  K.  Nitcher,  March  19,  1879. 

f2i6.     Walter  C.  Lockwood.     Paid  tuition  in  full  after  graduation. 

217.  Dewitt    Clinton    Roberts,    fruit    farmer,    Ordway,    Col.      Supt. 
Beardstown,  1873-76;    S.  E.  Mo.  State  Normal,  1876-79;    prin.  Arapahoe 
St.   h.    s.,  Denver,   Col.,    1879-85;     mining,    1885-90;     horticulturist,    1890- 
1907.     Married  Fannie  B.  Pace,  July,  1875. 

218.  Arthur   Shores,   general   counsel   for  the   Amalgamated   Copper 
Company,    Butte,    Mont.     Teacher    Glencoe,    Minn.,    3   months ;     Taylor's 
Falls,  9  months ;   Tazewell  Co.,  6  months. 

219.  John    B.    Stoutemeyer,    farming,    Mammoth    Spring,    Ark.      St. 
Mich.  Univ. ;    Illinois  Wesleyan  Univ.     Taught  3  yrs.     Married  Virginia 
M.  Craft,  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  Feb.,  1894. 

220.  Felix  B.  Tait,  manf.,  Decatur.     Prin.  Todd's  Seminary,  Wood- 
stock, 1873-74;    pres.  Decatur  Chamber  of  Commerce;    pres.  F.  B.  Tait 
Manf.  Co.     Married  Mary  E.  Boyer,  1883. 

221.  J.  Lawson  Wright,  Vineland,   Cal.     Taught  nine  years  in  111.; 
nine  years  in  Cal.,  five  in  Ariz.     Married  Rosannah  Clarridge,  1871. 

223.  Lida  A.  Brown  (Mrs.  William  P.  McMurry),  teacher,  DeKalb. 
Teacher  Sublette,  1874-76;  Arcola,  1876-77;  Clear  Creek,  1877-78;  Nor- 
mal pub.  sch.,  1884-91;  I.S.N.U.,  1891-1900;  N.I.S.N.S.,  i  goo-date; 

HIGH  SCHOOL   1873 

fi9.     M.  Louisa  Abraham,  Sulphur,  Indian  Ty.     Taught  9  years. 

20.  Edmund  Janes  James,  Pres.  Univ.  of  111.,  Urbana.     St.   North- 
western Univ.,  1873-74,  Harvard  1874-75,  Halle  1875-77;    prin.  h.  s.  Evan- 
ston,    1878-79;    prin.    h.    s.,   I.S.N.U.,    1879-83;    Univ.   of    Pa.,    1883-96; 
Univ.    of    Chicago,    1896-02;     pres.    Northwestern   Univ.,    1902-04;     pres. 
Uni.  of  111.,  i9O4-date.    Married  Anna  Margarethe  Lange,  Aug.  22,  1879. 

21.  James  Dickey  Templeton,  asst.  cashier  First  Nat.  Bank,  Blopm- 
ington,  111.     State  Museum,  Normal,  I  yr. ;    wholesale  grocery,  Blooming- 
ton,  i  yr. ;    Home  Bank,  Bloomington,  2  yrs. ;    First  Nat.  Bank,  Bloom- 
ington,  28  yrs. 


266  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

CLASS  OF  1874 

f222.  Emily  A.  Alden,  Fontanelle,  la.  Taught  15  yrs. 
223.  Lida  A.  Brown  (Mrs.  William  P.  McMurry),  teacher,  DeKalb. 
teacher  Sublette,  1874-76;  Arcola,  1876-77;  Clear  Creek,  1877-78;  Nor- 
mal public  sch.,  1884-91;  I.S.N.U.,  1891-1900;  N.I.S.N.S.,  igoo-date; 
pub.  Classic  Stories  for  Little  Ones,  Robinson  Crusoe,  Songs  of  Mother 
and  Child,  Songs  of  Treetops  and  Meadows,  Nature  Study  for  Primary 
Grades,  Our  Language,  Book  I.  Married  July  7,  1878. 

224.  Eunice   Corwine,  editor  book  catalogs  and  bulletins  for  A.  C. 
McClurg    Co.,  Chicago.     Teacher  in  Logan  county  and  at  Lincoln,  1874- 
98;   removed  to  Chicago,  1900;   present  position  since  1901. 

225.  S.  Alice  Judd,  teacher,  Jefferson  h.  s.,  2787  N.  47th  Court,  Chi- 
cago.    Decatur  h.  s.,  1874-84;    Jefferson  township  h.  s.,  1884-86;    Ottawa 
township  h.  s.,  1887-91 ;   Jefferson  h.  s.,  Chicago,  iSgi-date. 

*226.  Sarah  M.  Littlefield  (Mrs.  D.  L.  M.  Sims),  died  at  Kalama, 
Wash.,  April  3,  1906. 

227.  Mary  E.  McWilliams  (Mrs.  William  T.  Burford),  806  W.  Green 
St.,  Urbana.     Taught  2  yrs.   in  a  country   school   and  2  yrs.   in   graded 
school  at  Farmer  City.    Married  September  16,  1879. 

228.  M.  Ella  Morgan,  1207  L'  Street  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C.    Has 
taught  continuously  in  Washington  since  her  graduation. 

*229.     Elizabeth  W.  Peers  (Mrs.  Walter  C.  Lockwood),  deceased. 

*23O.  Emma  V.  Stewart  (Mrs.  I.  Eddy  Brown),  died  August  i,  1880. 
Taught  in  Rochelle,  1874-5 !  m  Peru,  Ind.,  1875-6 ;  in  Wichita,  Kan., 
1876-8. 

231.  Margaret  L.  Woodruff  (Mrs.  William  A.  Evans),  Leavenworth, 
Kan.    Teacher,  Savannah,  1874-6.    Author  of  numerous  children's  stories. 
Married  July  12,  1876. 

232.  I.   Eddy  Brown,  state  sec.  111.   Y.M.C.A.,  476  N.  Grove  St., 
Oak  Park.     Knox  Coll.,  A.B.,   1892;    A.M.,   1896    (non-resident  study); 
prin.  Decatur  h.  s.,  1874-80;    state  sec.  111.  Y.M.C.A.  25  yrs;    pres.  Sec- 
retarial   Institute   and   Training    Sch.    Y.M.C.A.,    1890-1903;     numerous 
contributions  to  Y.M.C.A.   periodicals  and  pamphlets.     Married   Emma 
V.  Stewart,  class  of  1874,  Aug.  9,  1878,  d.  Aug.  I,  1880;    m.  Mary  John- 
son, Decatur,  Dec.  28,  1881. 

233-  Francis  W.  Conrad,  city  supt,  San  Bernardino,  Cal.  Teacher 
State  Normal  Sch.,  Castrine,  Me.,  1874-75 ;  Carpinteria,  Cal.,  1875-77  J 
prin.  Montecito,  Cal.,  1877-85 ;  supt,  Santa  Barbara,  1885-91 ;  prin.  Rialto, 
Cal.,  1891-95;  prin.  San  Bernardino,  1895-1903;  supt.  San  Bernardino, 
iox>3-date.  Member  county  board  of  education,  San  Bernardino  county 
for  10  yrs.;  Geography  of  San  Bernardino  County.  Married  Sarah  W. 
Adams,  1884. 

.  234.    John    N.    Dewell,    Children's    Aid    Society,    White   Hall.      Prin. 
Barry,  1874-75;   prin.  Litchfield,  1875-78;  prin.  Hillsboro,  1878-81. 

235.  David  S.  Elliott,  Asst.  Co.  Supt.  of  Schools,  Belleville.     Prin. 
Caseyville,   I   yr. ;    Centralia,  3  yrs. ;    supt.   Albion,   i   yr. ;     Belleville,    15 
yrs. ;    supt.  Marissa,  i  year ;    supt.  Red  Bud,  4  yrs. ;    prin.  Blue  Mound,  i 
year;  prin.  Westpoint,  2  yrs.    Married  Emily  A.  Muilberger,  Sept.  14,  1876. 

236.  William  A.   Evans,  state  agent  for  Welch    School   Supply  Co., 
Leavenworth,  Kan.     St.  Harvard  Summer  School,  1886  and  1891  ;    Supt. 
Metamora,  1875-76;    asst.  prin.  Leavenworth  h.  s.,  Kan.,  1890-1906.     Mar- 
ried Margaret  Woodruff,  class  '74,  1876. 

f237.  Thomas  E.  Jones.  Taught  in  Troy,  Kan.,  1874-6;  prin.  at  Mt. 
Pleasant,  Mo.,  1876-8;  at  Hillsdale,  Kan.,  1878-9,  and  1880-1. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  267 

238.  William  P.  McMurry,  farmer,   Garden   City,  Kan.     St.   Illinois 
Wesleyan  Law   School;    teacher  in   country   and  private   schools,  2  yrs. 
Married  Lida  Brown  (See  No.  223). 

239.  Elinzer   M.   Prindle,   farmer,  Roodhouse.     Teacher,  Centerville, 
2  years ;    prin.  Whitehall,  4  yrs. ;    prin.  Larned,  Kan.,   i  yr. ;    Grainfield, 
Kan.,  i  yr. ;    asst.  prin.  Larned,  Kan.,  i  yr. ;    first  county  clerk  of  Hodge- 
man  county,  Kan.,  manager  of  newspaper  and  bank  at  Grainfield,  Kan., 
returned  to  Illinois,  1891.    Married  Katherine  Bowman,  1876. 

f24O.  Carlton  H.  Rew,  M.  D.,  Dublin,  Tex.  Principal  Pontiac,  1874- 
7;  Fairbury,  1877-9;  in  1880  taught  at  Wilmington. 

241.  William  J.  Simpson,  521  S.  Normal  Parkway,  Chicago.    Teacher 
Oak  Ridge  Academy,   1874-75;    Franklin,    1875-76;    Dry  Grove,   1876-77; 
Cumberland  county,  1877-78;    Stewardson,  1879-80;    Shelby  county,  1880- 
81.     Married  Alice  Buchanan,  I.S.N.U.,  Neoga,  1874,  d.  1877.     Married 
Victoria  A.  Penn,  Sigel,  1880,  d.  1903. 

242.  Harry   A.    Smith,   business,    390   Center    street,    Pasadena.    Cal. 
Prin.  Lena,  1874-5;   Rock  Falls,  1876-8;   pastor  Baptist  churches  in  Illinois, 
Iowa,  Wisconsin,   and  Michigan,   1878-1899.     Married   Marietta   E.  Hays, 
Dec.  26,  1881,  d.  Jan.  i,  1885;   m.  Mrs.  Mary  L.  Wood,  Jan.  9,  1888. 

243.  Jasper   N.    Wilkinson,   banker,    Muskogee,    Okla.      St.    Harvard 
Summer  School,  1887;    prin.  Buda,   1874-79;    Peoria,  1879-80;    h.  s.,  De- 
catur,  1880-84;    training  department,  State  Normal,  Emppria,  Kan.,  1884- 
01 ;   pres.  State  Normal,  Emporia,  1901-06 ;   treasurer  National  Educational 
Association;       School    Management,        Orthoepy.        Married    Nellie    B. 
Reynolds. 

HIGH    SCHOOL    1874 

22.  Florence  Adele  Cook  (Mrs.  Alfred  Sample),  1401  N.  Main  St., 
Bloomington.     Married  Sept.  9,  1874. 

23.  I.  Eddy  Brown.     (See  No.  232.) 

CLASS  OF  1875 

244.  Margarita  McCullough   (Mrs.  Frank  Sanders),  228  Guthrie  St., 
Ottawa.     Asst.  h.  s.,  Edinburg,  Ind.,  1875-76;    Evanston,   1876-83.     Mar- 
ried, Oct.  i,  1885. 

f245.  Josephine  M.  McHugh,  312  N.  2ist  St.,  Omaha,  Neb.  Grammar 
school  grades  18  yrs ;  h.  s.,  2  yrs. 

1246.  Florence  Ohr,  Burkmere,  S.  Dakota.  S.  O.  Home,  5  yrs ;  prin. 
Bluff,  Ark.,  2  yrs ;  Peoria  and  Eureka  h.  s.,  3  yrs. ;  Chicago,  5  yrs. ;  S. 
Dakota,  5  yrs. 

247.  Henrietta  A.  Watkins,  102  W.  Cherry  St.,  Normal.  Taught  in 
country  schools  4  yrs. 

*248.     Mary  A.  Watkins,  died  Aug.  12,  1903.    Taught  i  yr. 

249.  David  Ayres,  coal  dealer,  4638  Emerald  Ave.,  office  738  W.  43d 
St.,  Chicago.     Teacher  country  schools,  2  yrs. ;    prin.  Sweetwater,  3  yrs. ; 
member  board  of  education  Town  of  Lake,  2  yrs.      Married  Anna  L.  Mar- 
tin, class  '77,  1881. 

250.  Robert  L.   Barton,   5595   Pebanne   Ave.,   St.   Louis,   Mo.      Prin. 
Rossville,    1878-81;     supt.    Galena,    1881-84;      Peru,    1885-90;     Champaign, 
1891-93;    Chippewa  Falls,  Wis.,  1893-99;    Eliot  School,  St.Louis,  Mo.,  1899- 
02;    Emerson  Sch.,  igo2-date;    ctssoc.  editor  Western  Teacher  and  Ameri' 
can  Jour,  of  Education.    Married  Mary  Fielding,  1885. 

f25i.    Albert  D.  Beckhart,  clergyman,  Atlanta,  Ga.    Taught  4  yrs. 
t252.     Lewis  O.   Bryan,  real  estate,  Van  Buren,  Ark.     Taught  4  or 
5  yrs. 


268  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

*253-  William  T.  Crow,  died  Jan.,  1907,  Kansas  City,  Kan.  Taught 
II  yrs. 

254.  James  Ellis,  rice  planter,  Welsh,  La.  Prin.  Winnebago,  1875- 
79;  Leroy,  1879-80;  Sharon,  Wis.,  1880-82;  Welsh,  La.,  1890;  land  in- 
spector for  timber  company,  9  yrs ;  manager  of  Orange  Land  Co.,  5  yrs. 
Married  Susan  L.  Bowman,  Oct.  n,  1870. 

f255.  Judd  M.  Fisk,  bookkeeper,  San  Antonio,  Tex.  Taught  7  yrs. 
district  school;  Armington,  1875-6;  Naples,  2  yrs;  Ridott,  1880-81. 

256.  Justin  L.  Hartwell,  nurseryman  and  fruit  grower,  Dixon.  Supt. 
N.  Dixon,  1875-78;  Odell,  1878-80;  Barry,  1880-82;  Washington,  1884- 
89;  pres.  N.  111.  Hort.  Soc.,  pres.  Co.  Farmers'  Institute,  member  State 
Hort.  Board;  numerous  articles  for  agric.  and  hort.  periodicals;  State 
Farmers'  Institute  lecturer.  Married  Lucy  Walker. 

257-  Josiah  P.  Hodge,  attorney,  judge  municipal  court.  Pana.  Prin., 
Golconda,  i  yr. ;  summer  normals,  etc.,  I  yr.  Married  May  Clanahan, 
Aug.  12,  1875. 

*258.     U.  Clay  McHugh,  died  July  11,  1878.    Taught  \l/2  yrs. 

259.  William  Stowell  Mills,  prin.  grammar  sch.,  352  Clifton  Place, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  St.  Columbia  1880-82;  prin.  grammar  dept.  I.S.N.U., 
1875-76;  West  Joliet,  1876-80;  law  dept.  U.  S.  Customs  Service,  1882- 
87;  Brooklyn,  i887-date;  Aid  to  Diction,  History  of  the  Western  Reserve 
of  Connecticut,  Foundations  of  Genealogy;  pres.  and  founder,  "League 
of  the  Red,  White  and  Blue."  Married  Ida  A.  Branch,  Aug.  14,  1878. 

f26o.  James  N.  Mosher,  Athol,  Kan.  Taught  18  yrs. ;  near  Odell ; 
at  Watson,  Mo. ;  at  Van  Buren,  Ark. ;  at  Watson,  and  at  Edwardsville, 
Kan. 

f26i.  John  L.  Shearer,  Napa,  Cal.  Country  schools  2  yrs;  prin. 
town  schools,  28  yrs ;  county  supt.,  4  yrs. 

262.  Benjamin  F.  Stocks,  lawyer,  Garden  City,  Kan.     Supt.  Sullivan, 
1878-80;     Virden,    1883-85;     Cerro   Gordo,    1881-83;     county    attorney    at 
Garden  City,  2  yrs ;    pres.  board  of  education,  Garden  City,  6  yrs.     Mar- 
ried M.  A.  Pargeon,  1875. 

HIGH  SCHOOL   1875 

f24.    Ann  S.  Wheaton,  San  Diego,  Cal.    Taught  II  yrs. 

25.  Nicholas  T.  Edwards,  minister,  Whittier,  Cal.     St.  Knox  College, 
1875-78;   Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  1880-82;  Yale  Divinity  Sch.,  1883; 
prin.  Dover  Academy,  pastor  Congregational  Churches,  Wyanet,  Amboy, 
Kewanee,  Bloomington,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  Escondido,  Cal.,  Whittier,  Cal. 
Married  Blanche  E.  Fisher,  Sept.  19,  1883. 

26.  Frank  W.  Gove,  with  Peoria  Star,  Peoria.    Grad.  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, degree  A.  M.,  1878;    prof.  math.  Univ.  of  Colorado,  1878-79;    U.  S. 
surveyor  and  mining  engineer,  Colorado,  1879-84;    real  estate  and  mining, 
Denver,  Colo.,  1886-93 ',   banking  southern  Cal.,  1893-94 ;    real  estate,  Den- 
ver, Col.,  1895-1900. 

*27.    Emrick  B.  Hewett,  died  March,  1879. 

CLASS  OF  1876 

263.  Mary  L.  Bass  (Mrs.  Rev.  Robert  Wallace),  Utica,  111.    Teacher 
Oakland  School,  Chicago,  1876-85.     Married,  June  25,  1885. 

*264.     Louisa  C.  Larrick,  died,  1885.    Taught  6  yrs. 
^265.    Mrs.   Amanda    M.    Pusey,    Seattle,   Wash.     Taught    19   years, 
Champaign,  Ottawa,  Kan.,  and  at  Neosho,  Mo. 


IIvUNOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  2t9 

266.  George  H.  Beatty,  farmer,  Taylofville,  R.  F.  D.  No.  3.  Teacher, 
Clinton,  I  yr. ;  Midland  City,  I  yr. ;  Clinton,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  Heyworth, 
1879-82;  Maroa,  1882-86;  Greenfield,  la.,  1886-88;  business,  3  yrs.; 
traveling  salesman,  6  yrs ;  farmer,  9  yrs.  Married  Rosalie  A.  Morris,  1879. 

1267.  Daniel  S.  Buterbaugh,  Black  Diamond,  Cal.  Money  Creek,  i 
yr. ;  Camargo,  I  yr. ;  Pesotum,  I  yr. ;  Clinton,  i  yr. ;  Danvers,  2  yrs. ; 
Black  Diamond,  Cal.,  25  yrs. 

268.  William  Harvey  Chamberlin,  prin.,  6036  Ingleside  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago. St.  extension  courses,  etc.,  University  of  Chicago,  1895-04;  inst. 
in  science  teachers'  institutes,  1876-96;  prin.  Ridge  Farm,  1876-81;  Ross- 
ville,  1881-84;  Leroy,  1884-87;  Supt.  Pontiac,  1887-90;  inst.  in  science, 
South  Division  h.  s.,  Chicago,  1890-04;  inst.  in  physiography,  Wendell 
Phillips  h.  s.,  1904-06;  prin.  Cyrus  H.  McCormick  sch.,  I9o6-date.  Mar- 
ried Lizzie  Hodges,  1874,  d.  1876;  m.  Viola  Thompson,  1882. 

1269.  Asbury  M.  Crawford,  Billings,  Mont.  Mechanicsville,  2  yrs. ; 
nurseryman. 

*27O.  George  W.  Dinsmore,  died  1882.  Shelbyville,  Tenn.,  i  yr. ;  in 
Illinois,  i  yr. 

271.  Lewis  C.  Dougherty,  prin.,  1138  Sec.  Ave.,  Rock  Island.     Supt. 
Lacon,    1876-77 ;    teacher,   Rising,    Neb.,    I    yr. ;     supt.    Minonk,   7   years. ; 
prin.  Preparatory  Wesleyan  Univ.,  3  yrs. ;    prin.  Hawthorne  School,  Rock 
Island,  18  yrs. ;    served  in  59th  111.  Inf.,  1861-75.    Married  Olive  E.  Trench, 
1879- 

272.  John   Calvin  Hanna,  prin.,   Oak   Park.     St.   Wooster,   1878-81 ; 
teacher  Central  h.  s.,  Columbus,  O.,  1881-95 ;    prin.  E.  h.  s.,  Columbus,  O., 
1895-98;    prin.   Oak  Park  h.    s.,   :8o8-date;    gen.  sec.   of   Beta   Theta   Pi 
fraternity,  1884-99;    pres.  of  Beta  Theta  Pi  fraternity   1900-03.     Married 
Kittie  A.  Parsons,  1884. 

*273.     Benjamin  S.  Hedges,  died,  1876. 

*274.  Charles  L.  Howard,  died  March  21,  1902.  Farmington,  i  yr. ; 
Centralia,  I  yr. ;  Shelbyville,  2  yrs. ;  supt.  Ogden,  Utah,  2  yrs. ;  Helena, 
Mont,  3  yrs. ;  prin.  Madison  sch.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  17  yrs. 

27S-  John  Thompson  Johnston,  real  estate  and  insurance,  Santa  Bar- 
bara, Cal.  Teacher  in  country  schools,  I  yr. ;  prin.  Millersburg,  2  yrs. ; 
New  Boston,  i  yr. ;  Peoria,  6  yrs. ;  sch.  trustee,  6  yrs.  Married  Florence 
J.  Case,  of  Normal. 

276.  Claudius   Bligh   Kinyon,  physician  and  surgeon   and  teacher  in 
Univ.  of  Mich.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1876-77;    Chicago 
Homeopathic  Med.  Coll.,  1877-78;    prof,  in  U.  of  Mich.,  1897 — ;    pub.  in 
book  form  over  200  articles  for  med.  journals  and  100  addresses  before 
medical  and  other  scientific  bodies.    Married  Maria  Waldron,  April  25. 

277.  Joseph   F.   Lyon,   Supt.   schools,    Williamsburg,   Kan.     Greenup, 
111. ;   Altomont,  111. ;  Odell ;   Buda  ;   prin.  Whitewater,  Walton,  Fulton,  Un- 
iontown,  Kan. ;    prin.  Anthony,  Williamsburg,  Kan.     Married  Elizabeth  S. 
Numer,  April  6,  1875. 

278.  Truman  B.  Mosher,  prin.,  619  S.   Harvey  St.,  Oklahoma  City, 
Okla.     Prin.  Emington,  1876-78;    Grouse,  1878-80;    supt.  Cherryvale,  Kan., 
1880-83;    prin.   Rosedale,   Kan.,   1883-84;     supt.   Cherokee,   Kan.,    1884-91; 
county  supt.   Crawford  Co.,  Kan.,   1891-95;    supt.  Galena,  Kan.,   1895-09; 
prin.  Walnut,  1899-03;    supt.  Baxter  Springs,  Kan.,  1903-04;    supt.  Scam- 
mon,   Kan.,    1904-06 ;    prin.   Garfield   School,    Oklahoma    City,    I9o6-date ; 
city  clerk,  Cherokee,  6  yrs.     Married  Ida  M.  Pearson,  1883. 

f279.  DeWitt  C.  Tyler,  physician,  Clifton,  Kan.  Dunlap,  i  yr. ;  New 
Windsor,  i  yr. ;  Millersburg,  2  yrs. 

f28o.     Leroy  B.  Wood,  1818  Elliott  Ave.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


270  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

HIGH  SCHOOL   1876 

28.    John  Calvin  Hanna  (See  No.  272). 

f29-    Arabella  D.  Loer,  Mexico,  Mo. 

30.  Charles  Alexander  McMurry,  acting  prin.  of  Southwestern  State 
Normal,  Californa,  Pa.  St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  2  yrs. ;  Univ.  of  Halle,  Ger- 
many, 3  yrs. ;  Univ.  of  Jena,  Germany,  I  yr. ;  supt.  of  model  sch.,  Winona 
Normal  Sch.,  Minn.,  3  yrs;  supt.  of  practice  dept.  I.S.N.U.,  7  yrs.; 
prin.  training  sch.,  DeKalb,  3  yrs. ;  pub.  General  Method,  Method  of  Reci- 
tation, 7  vols.  of  Special  Method,  2  vols.  of  Type  Studies  in  Geog.,  3  vols. 
of  Pioneer  History  Stories.  Married  Emily  K.  LeCrone,  1888. 

CLASS  OF  1877 

281.  Mary  Alma  Anderson,  608  Broadway,  Quincy.     Teacher,  Bloom- 
ington  h.  s.,  1877-83;    Springfield  h.  s.,  1883-86;    Central  h.   s.,  St.   Paul, 
Minn,  1886-96. 

282.  Agnes    E.    Ball    (Mrs.    Lewis    H.    Thomas),    Thomasville,    111. 
Teacher  Virden,  3  yrs. ;    Washington  Sch.,  Chicago,  7  yrs. ;    school  direc- 
tor, 12  yrs.    Married  Oct.  3,  1889. 

283.  Emma  Ernestine  Corbett   (Mrs.  Parmele),  dressmaker,  Normal 
Taught  6th  and  7th  grades,  Mitchell   Sch.,   Milwaukee,   Wis.,    1877-1888; 
prin.   h.   s.,  Normal,   1888-89.     Married  Dr.   Gilbert  H.    Parmele,  June  5, 
1889,  who  died  Aug.  9,  1897. 

1284.  Nettie  V.  Cox  (Mrs.  Smith).  Last  address,  Marion,  Iowa. 
Taught  Hudson,  1878-79;  near  Hudson,  1879-81. 

285.  Mary  Adeline  Goodrich  (Mrs.  Soule),  physician,  3027  E  27th  St., 
Kansas  City,  Mo.     St.  Hahnemann  Med.  Coll.,  Chicago,  1888-90;    Chicago 
and  Homeopathic  Med.  Coll.,  1892.     Married  Dr.  Isaac  Clark  Soule,  July 
2,  1890. 

286.  Anna  Louise   Martin    (Mrs.   Ayers),  4638   Emerald  Ave.,   Chi- 
cago.    Rural  sch.   near  Washburn,   1878-79;    pub.  sch.,  Normal,   1879-81. 
Married  David  Ayers,  Nov.  29,  1881. 

287.  Selina  M.  Regan   (Mrs.  Daniel  G.  Hunter),  Frankfort,  111.     St. 
Baptist  Missionary  Training  Sch.,  1883 ;    prin.  graded  sch.,  1878-83.     Mar- 
ried Feb.  19,  1884. 

288.  Laura   A.   Varner,    1136   De   la  Vina   St.,   Santa   Barbara,   Cal. 
Prjn.    Santa  Barbara,   Cal.,   15  yrs ;    prin.   Marissa  and   Mascoutah,   111., 
13  yrs. 

f28g.  Wilmas  E.  Varner  (Mrs.  Joseph  E.  Metzger),  Geyserville, 
Cal.  Grammar  grades  of  Illinois  and  California,  10  yrs. 

290.     Emily  Wing,  2156  West  Adams  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.     Collins- 
ville,  I  yr. ;    French  Acad.,  Jacksonville,  i  yr. 

f29i.     Levi  D.  Berkstresser,  last  address,  311  35th  St.,  Chicago. 

*292.  W.  Irving  Berkstresser,  deceased.  Taught  in  Bryant's  Com- 
mercial College,  Chicago ;  became  a  preacher. 

f293.     Richard  G.  Bevan,  Atlanta.     District  sch.,  4^2  yrs. 

f294.     Edwin  R.  Faulkner,  snpt.  schools,  Texarkana,  20  yrs. 

295.  Hiram   R.   Fowler,   attorney  at  law,   Elizabethtown.     St.   Univ. 
of  Mich.,  LL.B.,  1885 ;    prin.  Cave-in-Rock,  1878-83 ;    Elizabethtown,  1886- 
88;    state's  attorney  of  Hardin  county,  1888-92;    member  lower  house  of 
general  assembly,  1892-94;    member  of  state  senate  of  Illinois  from  1900- 
04.     Married  Mary  E.  Griffith. 

296.  Frank   B.    Harcourt,   clerk   probate   court,    Springfield.      Taught 
3  yrs. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  271 

George  L.  Hoffman,  lawyer,  Mt.  Carroll,  paid  tuition. 

298.  Albert  Snare,  prin.,  Beaver  Crossing,  Neb.  St.  Univ.  of  Ne- 
braska summer  school,  1897-98;  teacher,  Toulon,  i  yr. ;  prin.,  Wyoming, 
2  yrs. ;  prin.,  Castleton,  2  yrs ;  Co.  supt.,  Buffalo  Co.,  Neb.,  2  yrs ;  prin. 
Kearney,  Neb.,  4  yrs. ;  Cozad,  Neb.,  i  yr. ;  Milford,  Neb.,  5  yrs. ;  Beaver 
Crossing,  Neb.,  5  yrs.  Married  Lillie  F.  Walters,  1879. 

f299.     Levi  J.  Spencer,  address  unknown.     Taught,  16  yrs. 

J3OO.  Edward  R.  Swett,  proprietor  Lake  Harbor  Hotel,  54th  and 
Broadway,  New  York  City.  Attorney  at  law,  15  yrs. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  1877 

31.  Sarah  Locke  Coolidge  (Mrs.  A.  B.  Hoblitt),  315  E.  Chestnut 
St.,  Bloomington.  St.  Pratt  Institute,  Brooklyn,  1889-90;  substitute  for 
period  of  years  in  Bloomington ;  cor.  sec.  Women's  Baptist  Foreign  Miss. 
Soc.,  headquarters  Chicago,  1890-92 ;  contributions  to  religious  periodi- 
cals. Married  1892. 

*32.  Anna  Jeanette  Kingsley,  died,  Denver,  Col.,  Nov.  1879.  Taught 
2  yrs. 

f33.     Sabina  Frances  Mills  (Mrs.  Dickey),  Tulare,  Cal.    Taught  8  yrs. 

34.    Laura  Sudduth,  Normal. 

f3S.     Fremont  Charles  Blandin,   druggist,  Rutland. 

36.  George  Alexander  Franklin,  supt.  schools,  Austin,  Minn.  Prin. 
Butler,  1877-79;  h.  s.,  Rockford,  1882;  prin.  Mitchell,  la.,  1887-88;  supt. 
Delavan,  1888-94;  supt.  Faribault,  Minn.,  1894-1906;  present  position, 
1906 — ;  summer  sessions  State  Normal,  Mankato,  Minn.,  2  yrs. ;  co.  supt. 
Winnebago  county,  Iowa,  1885-87.  Married  Emma  Jenkins,  Butler,  Feb. 
28,  1884;  deceased,  June  26,  1896.  Married  Anni  Willson,  Rochester, 
Minn.,  Aug.  15,  1900. 

f37.     Theodore  Thomas  Hewett,  banker,  Freeport. 

CLASS  OF  1878 

t30i.  Mary  M.  Baird  (Mrs.  Burger),  811  E.  5th  St.,  Pueblo,  Col. 
Taught  9  yrs. 

f3O2.     P.  Evangeline  Caudy  (Mrs.  Mitchell),  Arcola.     Chestnut,  i  yr. 

3°3-  Jessie  Ann  Dexter  (Mrs.  Wilder),  Ionia,  Mich.  Asst.  in  h.  s., 
Lexington,  1878-79.  Married  W.  A.  Wilder,  July  31,  1879. 

304.  Eugenia  Faulkner  (Mrs.  Williams),  704  N.  Ninth  St.,  Kansas 
City,  Kan.  Frankfort,  Kan.,  10  yrs. ;  Marysville,  Kan.,  1880-81 ;  matron 
of  School  for  Blind,  Kansas  City,  Kan.,  10  yrs.  Married  Lapier  Wil- 
liams, 1886. 

*305.  Flora  M.  Fuller  (Mrs.  Boyd),  died  at  Highland,  Cal.,  Nov. 
17,  1901. 

*3o6.  Sarah  C  Martin,  died  at  Evanston,  March  7,  1890.  Wash- 
burn,  2  yrs. 

*307.     Ida  L.  Philbrick  (Mrs.  Frank  Gaston),  died  July  2,  1888. 

*3o8.  Frances  Preston,  died  May  3,  1882.  Centralia,  i  yr. ;  Men- 
dota,  i  yr. 

*3O9.  Florence  A.  Richardson,  died  May  5,  1882.  Millersburg,  i  yr. ; 
Bloomington,  3  yrs. 

310.  Helen  L.  Wyckoff,  prin.  ward  sch.,  324  S.  26th  St.,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Grade  positions  in  Illinois  and  Nebraska,  1878-90;  Bloomington  h.  s., 
1890-92;  training  teacher  Omaha  Training  Sch.,  1892-96;  prin.  ward  sch., 
Omaha,  Neb.,  1896 — . 


272  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

311.  Osci  J.  Bainum,  supt.  schools,  Paxton.     Prin.  Calhoun,  1878-9; 
Parkersburg,    1879-80;     Olney,   1880-85;     Supt.    Olney,    1885-97;     Paxton, 
i897-date.      Sec.    library   board,    Olney,    1887-97;     pres.    Carnegie    library 
board,  Paxton.    Married  Ida  E.  Cliffe,  1881. 

312.  John  T.  Bowles,  insurance  and  real  estate,  DeKalb.    Prin.  Grid- 
ley,  I  yr. ;    prin.  Naples,  2  yrs. ;    supt.  Metropolis,  3  yrs. ;    prin.  Decatur, 
4  yrs. ;    supt.   city   schools   DeKalb,  8  yrs.     Married    Cara   A.   Webster 
(See  No.  363). 

*3i3.  Oliver  P.  Burger,  died  June  10,  1889.  ElPaso,  i  yr. ;  Critten- 
den,  i  yr. ;  Maroa,  I  yr. ;  Secor,  i  yr. 

314.  Gilbert  A.  Burgess,  associate  editor  Piatt  Co.  Republican,  Mon- 
ticello.     Prin.  h.  s.,  Monticello,  1878-79 ;    supt.  Monticello,  1879-81 ;    supt. 
sch.  Piatt  county,  1881-1886;   editor,  1886 — .    Married  Jane  Conaway,  June 
18,  1874. 

315.  Arthur   C.   Butler,   supt.   schools,  Abingdon.     Virginia,   2   yrs. ; 
Beardstown,  9  yrs. ;    h.  s.  Taylorville,  3  yrs. ;    Kewanee,  10  yrs. ;    present 
position,  1902 — . 

t3i6.  Andrew  W.  Elder,  principal  Longfellow  Sch.,  Denver,  Col., 
New  Boston,  i  yr  ;  Centralia,  i  yr. ;  Denver,  24  yrs. 

*3i7.    Willis  C.  Glidden,  physician,  died  at  DeKalb,  July  15,  1906. 

t3i8.  Charles  Guy  Laybourn,  lawyer,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Prin. 
Markham  Acad.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  2  yrs. 

319.  Edwin  H.  Rishel,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla.,  R.  F.  D.  N< .  9.  Prin. 
Adeline,  1878-79;  asst.  in  Alabama  Normal  and  Theological  Sch.,  Selma, 
Ala.,  1879-84;  supt.  Tullehassee  Manual  Training  Sch.,  Muskogee,  I.  T., 
1887-91 ;  prin.  Atoka  Baptist  Acad.,  Ind.  Ter.,  1891-1903 ;  gen.  mgr.  Mur- 
row  Indian  Orphans'  Home,  Atoka,  I.  T.,  1903-1907.  Married  Ella  S. 
Middlekauff,  Aug.  31,  1880. 

f32O.    William  N.  Spencer,  Yorba,  Cal.     Taught  n  yrs. 

321.  George  I.  Talbott,  real  estate  and  ins.,  223  N.  Fourth  St.,  De- 
Kalb. Teacher,  DeKalb  Co.,  1878-79 ;  Shabbona,  1879-81 ;  county  supt., 
DeKalb  county,  1881-90;  member  board  of  education,  notary  public.  Mar- 
ried Lucy  E.  Maxwell,  1879. 

HIGH    SCHOOL   1878 

38.  Rachel  M.  Fell  (Mrs.  A.  F.  Treakle),  500  Illinois  Ave.,  Peoria, 
111.  Teacher  public  sch.,  Normal,  2  yrs. ;  microscopist  for  S.  A.  Forbes, 
3  yrs. 

39.     Frances  Preston.     (See  No.  308). 

*4O.  Anna  I.  Sudduth  (Mrs.  Dr.  Hopper).  Died  at  Galesburg,  Sep- 
tember, 1893. 

41.  Willis  C.  Glidden.     (See  No.  317.) 

42.  Dorus  Reuben   Hatch,  Hyde   Park  Sch.,   Denver.     St.  Univ.   of 
Penn ,   1881-82;    Univ.   of  Chicago,    1893;    supt.   Industrial   Sch.,   Golden, 
Col.,  1889-93;    Georgetown,  Col.,  1894-1900;    prin.  Hyde  Park  Sch.,  Den- 
ver, loxn-date;  pub.  Civil  Government  of  Col.    Married  Agnes  Ryan,  1891. 

43.  Charles  Guy  Laybourn  (See  No.  318). 

44.  Theodore  Wing  Peers,  physician  and  surgeon,  1324  Topeka  Ave., 
Topeka,  Kan.    St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1879-83 ;  Ph.B.,  Univ.  of  Michigan,  1883- 
85;    M.  D.,  Philadelphia  Polyclinic,  1885-86;    N.  Y.  Polyclinic,  1886;    Chi- 
cago Polyclinic,  1904;    teacher,  Collinsville,  1878-9;    prof,  of  diseases  of 
children,  Kansas    Medical  College,   1893-07.     Married   Stella  A.   Wagner, 
Nov.  24,  1886. 


ILLINOIS  STATE;  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  273 

CLASS  OF  1879 

322.  Sarah  Annette  Bowman,  prin.  public  sch.,  Gem,  Idaho.  Asst. 
prin.  Rock  Island,  4  yrs. ;  teacher  of  drawing,  I.S.N.U.,  5  yrs. ;  super- 
visor of  drawing,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  2  yrs. ;  teacher  of  drawing,  Univ.  of 
Idaho,  8  yrs. 

t323.  Amanda  M.  Crawford,  The  Marlborough,  corner  Allen  and 
Marriner  Sts.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  .Principal  h.  s.  Macomb,  2  yrs. ;  Buffalo  Cen- 
tral h.  s.,  since  1891. 

324.     Mary  S.  Cummings  (Mrs.  Mary  S.Kirk),  Decatur.  Taught  2  yrs. 

*325.  Daisy  A.  Hubbard  (Mrs.  Carlock)  (Mrs.  Pollit),  died  Novem- 
ber 27,  1899.  Roodhouse,  i  yr. ;  Morris,  i  yr. ;  Berea  Coll.,  8  yrs. 

326.  Harriet  Ellen  Morse,  vice-prin.  Rockford  h.  s.,  319  S.  2nd  St., 
Rockford.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  summer  1903-04;  Pekin,  1879-80;  prin. 
h.  s.  Oregon,  1880-87;  h.  s.,  Rockford,  1887. — ;  charter  member  of  Nor- 
mal Univ.  Y.W.C.A. 

*327.  Nettie  B.  Porter  (Mrs.  Horace  E.  Powers);  died  July  21,  1897. 
Taught  6l/2  yrs. 

328.  Elizabeth  Ross  (Mrs.  W.  A.  Cook),  143  Racine  Ave.,  Chicago. 
Taught  Pekin,  1879-82;    h.  s.  Shelbyville,  1882-85.     Married  Dec.  24,  1885. 

329.  Julia   Scott    (Mrs.   Hunting),  teaching,    East   Northfield,    Mass. 
Taught  in  Berea  College,  Kentucky,  16  yrs. ;    now  teaching  in  Northfield 
Seminary. 

330.  Emily    A.    Sherman    (Mrs.    Boyer),  636  W.   6ist    St.,    Chicago. 
Astoria,  1879-80;    Normal,  1880-81.     Married  Emanuel  R.  Boyer  (See  No. 
332),  Normal,  June  29,  1882. 

*33i.  Jennie  L.  Wood  (Mrs.  Holmes),  died  December  5,  1891. 
Taught  9  yrs. 

*332.  Emanuel  R.  Boyer,  died  Feb.  24,  1900.  St.  Harvard  Univ., 
1888-90,  M.  S.  degree.  Supt.  of  schools,  Fulton  county,  4  yrs. ;  biology 
in  h.  s.,  Englewood ;  prin.  South  Div.  h.  s.,  and  director  of  the  Chicago 
Institute,  1890-1900;  pub.  Boyer's  Elementary  Biology  and  a  series  of 
science  tablets.  Married  Emily  Sherman  (See  No.  330),  June  29,  1882. 

*333-     Charles  R.  Cross,  died  at  Leland,  1902.    Taught  19  yrs. 

334.  Silas   Y.    Gillan,    lecturer   and   editor,    141    Wisconsin   St.,    Mil- 
waukee, Wis.    111.  Wesleyan  Univ.,  A.M.,  1886;    supt.  Galena,  2  yrs.;  prin. 
h.  s.,  Danville,  5  yrs. ;    prof,  of  civics  and  sch.  economy,   State  Normal 
School,  Milwaukee,  7  yrs. ;    instructor  German  American  Normal  School, 
Milwaukee,  3  yrs. ;    institute  instr.  and  lecturer  many  years ;  pub.  Lessons 
in  Mathematical  Geography,  Arithmetic  in  the  Common  Schools,  and  other 
school  books  and  aids.    Married  Elizabeth  K.  Harned,  Aug.  24,  1880,  who 
died  Jan.  30,  1905. 

335.  Horace  E.  Powers,  representing  Midland  Lyceum  Bureau,  Shab- 
bona.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1879-81 ;    prin.  Scranton,  la.,  1900-02.     Married 
Nettie  B.  Porter,  July  22,  1881,  who  died  July  21,  1897. 

336.  William  C.  Ramsey,  303  W.  Flora  St.,  Stockton,  Cal.     Stockton, 
Cal.,  4  yrs. ;   Gait,  Cal.,  i  yr. ;    Elliott,  Cal.,  I  yr. ;   prin.  Stockton  Business 
College,  1886-1906;    pub.  a  speller,  a  commercial  grammar,  and  a  commer- 
cial law.    Married  Catherine  M.  Grupe,  Aug.  22,  1886. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  1879 

45.  Fannie  C.  Fell,  Normal. 

46.  Hattie  Follett  (Mrs.  Rev.  Frank  R.  McNamar),  Antioch.    Married 
Nov.  10,  1885. 

47.  Mary  Sudduth    (Mrs.  N.  K.   McCormick),  Normal.     St.  Vassar 
College,  1879-83.     Married  Nov.  6,  1889. 


274  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

48.  Silas  Y.  Gillan  (See  No.  334). 

49.  Frank  B.  Harcourt  (See  No.  296). 

50.  Nelson   K.    McCormick,   physician,   Normal.     St.    111.   Wesleyan, 
1879-81 ;    Chicago  Medical  College,  1883-86.    Married  Mary  Sudduth,  Nov. 
6,  1889. 

51.  Frank   M.   McMurry,   Teachers'   College,   Columbia  Univ.,   New 
York  City.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1881-82;    Univ.  of  Halle  and  Jena,  1886- 
89 ;    degree  of  Ph.  D.  from  Jena ;    student  in  Geneva  and  Paris,  1892-93 ; 
prin.  schools  in  Illinois,  1883-86;    prin.  elem.  s.,  Chicago,  1889-90;    prof. 
of  pedagogy  and  training  teacher,  I.S.N.U.,  1891-92;    prof,  of  pedagogy 
Univ.  of  111.,  1893-94  J  Prin-  Franklin  School,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  1894-95  \  dean 
and  prof,  of  pedagogy,  Teachers'  College,  Univ.  of  Buffalo,  1895-98;   prof, 
elem.  education,  Teachers'  College,  and  supervisor  of  Speyer  Sch.,  N.  Y. 
City,  1898 — ;   joint  author  of  The  Method  of  the  Recitation;  joint  author 
of  the  Tarr  and  McMurry  Series  of  Common  School  Geographies.  Married 
Elizabeth  Lindley,  Dec.  20,  1894. 

t52.  Oscar  Lincoln  McMurry,  6414  Kimbark  Ave.,  Chicago.  Public 
schools  of  Illinois  5  yrs. ;  manual  training  dept.  Chicago  schools,  2  yrs. ; 
supervisor  manual  training  Chicago  Normal  Sch.,  4  yrs. 

53.    Thomas  Williams,  real  estate  agt,  Herington,  Kan. 

CLASS  OF  1880 

*337.  Elizabeth  Baumgardner,  died  June  17,  1898.  Taught  16  yrs. 
in  Springfield,  the  last  2  yrs.  was  prin.  of  teachers'  training  sch. 

338.  Helen    Maria    Baxter    (Mrs.    Henry    C.    Brakefield),    teaching, 
Nathaniel  Pope  Sch.,  Chicago.     Griggsville,  1880-83 ;    elem.  sch.,  Chicago, 
i9O5-date.    Married  June,  1883. 

339.  Lillian  M.  Brown  (Mrs.  Eugene  P.  Fairchild),  Rutherford,  N.  J. 
Mendota,  i  yr. ;  Berea  College,  Ky.,  1885-1894.    Married  July  29,  1882. 

340.  May  Hewett   (Mrs.  Rudolph  R.  Reeder),  Hastings-on-Hudspn, 
N.  Y.     Oak  Park,  1881-82 ;    talks  on  work  of  N.  Y.  Orphanage.     Married 
June  20,  1883. 

f34i.  Helen  F.  Moore  (Mrs.  Sanders),  last  address  Albuquerque, 
N.  M.  Taught  4  yrs. 

342.  Isabel   Overman    (Mrs.   B.   W.    Diehl),    1645   W.    ist   St.,   Los 
Angeles,   Cal.     Gardner,    1 880-8 1 ;    near   Farmer   City,    1881-82;     Chicago 
elem.  s.  spring,  1882;    Gardner,  1882-86;   Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  1887-91.    Mar- 
ried March  17,  1891. 

343.  Mary  E.  Parker  (Mrs.  H.  H.  Bixby),  McPherson,  Kan.    Gard- 
ner, i  yr. ;   McPherson,  Kan.,  i  yr. ;   Eskridge,  Kan.,  i  yr.    Married  Henry 
H.  Bixby,  Aug.  29,  1883. 

344.  Grace    N.    Weeks,    housekeeper,    Eatonville,    Fla.     Asst.    h.    s., 
Odell,  1880-81;    ungraded  schools  Fla.,  1882-84. 

345.  James  W.  Adams,  fruit  grower,  Normal.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich., 
B.L.   degree,   1889;    Halle  and  Berlin,   1889-90;    Cornell   Univ.,   1897-98; 
taught  Illinois  schools,  1890-92;    prof,  of  English,  Univ.  of  Neb.,  1892-97. 
Married  Carrie  B.  Goode  (See  No.  520),  July  u,  1889. 

t346.     Andrew  L.  Anderson,  farmer,  Virginia.     Chandlerville,  9  yrs. 

347.  Alpheus  A.  Dillon,  prin.  West  Side  Sch.,  Normal.     Rural  s.  2 
yrs.;   prin.  Hudson,  Weston,  Deer  Creek,  i  yr.  each;  prin.  West  Side  sch., 
Normal,  5  yrs. 

348.  James  M.  Harper,  banker,  Conway  Springs,  Kan.     Prin.  Gard- 
ner, 1880-82;   Milford,  1882-83;   supt.  Pontiac,  1883-84;   pres.  school  board 
Conway  Springs,  i893-date.    Married  Minerva  Strain,  Sept.  30,  1884. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  275 

349.  Woodman  R.  Harriet,  physician,  Capron.    St.  and  grad.  at  Rush 
Medical  Coll.,  1886;    prin.  Port  Byron,  2  yrs.;    mayor  of  Capron,  I  term; 
vice-pres.  Capron  State  Bank.     Married  Annie  R.  Speer,  Hennepin,  Dec. 
8,  1886. 

350.  Eugene    Charleton   Webster,   4738    Evans    St.,    Chicago.     Asst. 
twp.  h.  s.,  Ottawa,  2  yrs. ;  supt.  Dixon,  9  yrs. ;  supt.  Rochelle,  2  yrs. ;   prin. 
Kershaw  sch.,  Chicago,  i892-date. 

351.  Edgar  Wyatt,  prin.  sch.,  Buhl,  Idaho.    Grad.  Kansas  State  Nor- 
mal sch.,  Emporia,  1896;   prin.  Chapin,  I 880-81 ;    prin.  Strong,  Kan.,  1895- 
98;    prin.  Elmdale,  Kan.,  1899-1900;    prin.  Scott  Co.,  Kan.,  h.  s.,  1902-04; 
prin.  Steamboat  Springs,  Col.,  1904-1907;    present  position,  1907 — .    Mar- 
ried, Alice  McEwers,  1881. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  l88o 

54.  Helen  M.  Baxter  (Mrs.  H.  C  Brakefield)   (See  No.  338). 

55.  May  Hewett  (Mrs.  R.  R.  Reeder).     (See  No   340.) 

56.  Alice  C.  McCormick  (Mrs.  O.  R.  Trowbridge).    (See  No.  407.) 

57.  Frances  D.  Ohr,  teacher,  St.  Paul,  Minn.    Gardner,  2  yrs. ;    Cen- 
tralia,  i  yr. ;    Peoria,  2  yrs. ;    St.  Paul,  18  yrs. ;    now  prin.  Cushman  K. 
Davis  School. 

58.  Frank  Nathaniel  Lufkin,  with  United  Fruit  Co.,  San  Jose,  Costa 
Rica,  Cent.  Am.    Grad.  Ann  Arbor  Univ.—,  lit.  dept.  1884;  law  dept.,  1886. 

59.  Herbert  McNulta,  chief  engineer,  Cincinnati  Traction  Co.,  Trac- 
tion Bldg.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.     St.  U.  S.  Naval  Acad.,  1880-84.     Married 
Elizabeth  Presly  Marchand. 

60.  George  Kimball  Smith,  lumberman,  Victoria  Bldg.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Elem.  s.,  Marba,  1880;    dir.  Am.  Forestry  Assn.     Married  Lora  E.  Allen, 


CLASS  OF  1881 

352.  Sarah  A.  Anderson,  Central  Insane  Hospital,  Jacksonville.    Prin. 
3  yrs. ;   gram,  grade,  1 54  yrs. ;   h.  s.  asst.,  I  yr. ;   5th  grade,  I  yr. ;   parochial 
sch.,  il/2  yrs.;   rural  sch.,  7^  yrs. 

353.  Mary  Ross  Gaston  (Mrs.  John  H.  Tear),  846  Walnut  St.,  Chi- 
cago.    St.  Chicago  Kindergarten  College,  1895-96;    elem.  s.,  1881-83;  prin. 
Astoria   1883-84;    elem.    s.   Chicago,   i897-date.     Married   Aug.,   1884,   to 
John  H.  Tear  (See  No.  372). 

354.  Addie  Gillan   (Mrs.  Estee),  139  State  St.  Montpelier,  Vt.     Ha- 
vana h.   s.,   1881-82;    h.  s.   East  Champaign,   1882-83.     Married  James  B. 
Estee  (See  No.  367),  Aug.  16,  1883. 

355.  Mary  J.  Gillan  (Mrs.  C.  S.  Eastman),  Pontiac,  Mich.     St.  I.S. 
N.U.,  1888-89;    h.  s.,  Danville,  1882-88;    prin.  h.  s.,  Waukesha,  Wis.,  1889- 
90;    Plainfield,  Wis.,  1890-91;    elem.   s.   Milwaukee,  Wis.,   1891-92;    prin. 
h.  s.,  Menominee,  Mich.,  1892-95 ;    pub.  Eastman  System  of  SS.  Records. 
Married  Oct.,  1895. 

356.  Belle  W.  Hobbs  (Mrs.  E.  A.  Gastman),  464  W.  North  St.,  De- 
catur.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  summer,   1901;     Metropolis   City,    1881-84; 
Decatur,   1884-91;    elem.  s.   DeKalb,   1891-1900;    N.I.S.N.S.,   1900-1905. 
Married  December  25,  1905. 

357.  Anna  P.  Knight,  Normal.     Rural  schools,  McLean  Co.,  3  yrs.; 
graded  sch.,  i  yr. 

f358.  Helen  Middlekauff,  Laramie,  Wyo.  Prin.  h.  s.,  Marshalltown, 
la.,  4  yrs. ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  5  yrs. ;  h.  s.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  I  yr. ; 
prof,  of  English  and  prin.  of  practice  dept.  Wyoming  University. 


276  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

359  Celia  S.  Mills,  farming,  Gage,  Okla.  Mendota,  1881-82;  Lex- 
ington, 1887-88;  rural  schools,  10  yrs. ;  nurse  in  Chicago,  1888-92. 

360.  Carrie  G.  Rich,  teaching,  706  Clement  PL,  Alton.  Shawneetown, 
1881-83;  prin.  h.  s.,  Metropolis,  1883-84;  same  Macomb,  1885-86;  ist 
asst.  in  h.  s.,  Alton,  1886 — . 

t36i.     Mary  A.  Springer,  address  unknown.    Taught  i1/!  yrs. 

362.  Lizzie  Phebe  Swan,  librarian  and  proprietor  of  a  private  refer- 
ence library,  Beloit,  Wis.     St.  Library  dept.  of  Armour  Institute,  1893-94; 
h.  s.,  Chenoa,  3  yrs.;    asst.  I.S.N.U.,  1886-92;    librarian  Univ.  of  Wis., 
1894-1902;    librarian  Gleaners'  Library,  Beloit,  Wis.,  1902 — . 

363.  Cara  A.  Webster,  121   Park  Ave.,  DeKalb.     Metropolis,  3  yrs.; 
Decatur  primary,  ^Y2  yrs. ;    prin.  ward  sch.,  Decatur,  Yz  yr. ;    h.  s.  and 
grades  in  DeKalb,  also  substitute  teacher  and  attendance  officer,  DeKalb, 
19  yrs.    Married  John  T.  Bowles  (See  No.  312). 

1364.  William  H.  Bean,  Blue  Mound,  111.,  farmer.  Taught  I  yr. ; 
president  Blue  Mound  Coal  Co.;  sec.  Mut.  Ins.  Co.;  pres.  Farmers'  Inst. 

365.  Isaac  L.   Betzer,   real  estate   and   loan   business,  Topeka,   Kan. 
Prin.  E.  Champaign  sch.,  1881-83;    prin.  E.  Matton,  sch.,  1883-86.     Mar- 
ried Mary  E.  Robinson,  March  15,  1882. 

366.  Elmer  Ellsworth  Brown,  Comr.  of  Education,  Washington,  D.  C. 
St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1887-89,  Univ.  of  Halle,  1889-90;   prin.  Belvidere,  1881- 
84;    prin.  h.  s.  Jackson,  Mich.,  1890-91;    Univ.  of  Mich,  1891-92;    Univ. 
of  Cal.,  1892-1906 ;    pres.  National  Council  of  Educ.,   1905-07 ;    pub.  The 
Making   of  Our  Middle  Schools,  1903.     Married   Fanny  F.   Eddy,   June 
29,  1889. 

367.  James   B.   Estee,  life  insurance,   139  State  St.,   Montpelier,  Vt. 
Supt.   Woodstock,  1881-82;    U.   S.   Court  Comr.;    Pres.   Citizens'   Bank; 
2nd  V.-Pres.  National  Life  Ins.  Co.    Married  Addie  Gillan  (See  No.  354), 
Colfax,  Aug.,  1883. 

368.  George  Frank  Miner,  gen.  mngr.  Century  Coal  Co.,  Tower  Hill. 
Prin.    Hennepin,    I   yr. ;    Heyworth,   i   yr. ;     Nokomis,   2  yrs. ;    supt.    Ed- 
wardsville,  8  yrs. ;   sec.  State  Board  of  Charities,  4  yrs. 

1369.    Wendell  F.  Puckett,  real  estate,  Wichita,  Kan. 

t37p.  Edward  Shannon,  attorney  at  law,  234^  N.  6th  St.,  Quincy, 
111.  Prin.  Payson  sch.,  8  yrs. 

*37i.     Elmer  E.  Shinkle.    Died  August,  1881. 

*372.    John  H.  Tear,  died  Feb.  15,  1897.    Taught  16  yrs. 

373.  Nathan  Thomas  Veatch,  supt.  city  schools,  Atchison,  Kan.  St. 
I.S.N.U.,  1883,  (spring),  and  1900  (summer);  prin.  Butler,  1881-83; 
Little  Rock,  Ark.,  1885-87 ;  supt.  and  prin.  Rushville,  1887-1901 ;  supt. 
Atchison,  Kan.,  igoi-date;  county  examiner,  Pulaski  Co.,  Ark.,  2^  yrs.; 
pub.  Cabinet  of  Curiosities.  Married  Lizzie  Montgomery,  Rushville,  June 
20,  1883. 

t374.     Charles  B.  Walter,  New  York  City.    Taught  10  yrs. 

HIGH   SCHOOL    l88l 

61.  Elmer  E.  Brown   (See  No.  366). 

62.  John  H.  Tear  (See  No.  372). 

CLASS  OF  1882 

375.  Mattie  V.  Bean  (Mrs.  Mattie  B.  Garwood),  farming,  Blue 
Mound.  Taught  3  yrs. 

*376.     Matilda  Glanville,  died  1883.    Taught  I  yr. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  277 

377.  Camilla  Jenkins,  Butler.  Butler,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  h.  s.  Hillsboro, 
6  yrs. 

t37&  Lida  A.  Kelly  (Mrs.  Charles  G.  Bragg),  619  So.  loth  St.,  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.  Normal  h.  s.,  i  yr. ;  h.  s.,  Astoria,  I  yr. ;  h.  s.,  Dwight,  4 
yrs.;  Omaha,  Neb.,  City  Schools,  I  yr. 

t379-  Cora  A.  Lurton  (Mrs.  Warwick),  Nurnburg,  Germany.  Stu- 
benstrasse  71.  Taught  3  yrs. 

380.  Mattie  B.  Maxwell    (Mrs.  A.  W.   McPherson),  423   Park   St., 
Rockford.     Grade  teacher,  Plainfield,  1882-84;    prin.  h.  s.,  Lockport,  1884- 
86 ;    prin.  h.  s..  Perry,  la. ;    1887-88 ;    asst.  prin.  county  h.  s.,  Panora,  la., 
1888-95.    Married  June  28,  1888. 

381.  Lillian  W.  Pillsbury  (Mrs.  Dr.  William  S.  Gates),  2725  N.  Lin- 
coln St.,  Chicago.     Belvidere,  1882-84;    Normal  pub.  sch.,  1884-86.     Mar- 
ried Dr.  W.  S.  Gates,  1886. 

t382.  Mattie  L.  Powell,  prin.  Walnut  Hill  Sch.,  9  The  Winona, 
Omaha,  Neb.  Rochelle,  3  yrs. ;  Omaha  since  1885. 

383.  Florence  Hubbard   Reid    (Mrs.   Edwin   A.   Leavenworth),    1935 
N.  3rd  St.,  Harrisburg,   Pa.     Elem.   sch.   Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,   1882-83; 
elem.  sch.,  Omaha,  Neb.,  1883-87;   normal  instruction,  Allentown,  Pa.,  1897. 
Married  July  24,  1887. 

384.  Louisa  M.  Scott   (Mrs.  Donald  K.  Campbell),  Ottawa.     Elem. 
sch.,  Magnolia,  1882-84;    Tonica,   1884-85;    Mendota,  1885-92;    Evanston, 
1892-99.    Married,  1899,  to  Rev.  D.  K.  Campbell. 

1385.  Lettie  J.  Smiley  (Mrs.  Charles  E.  Eraser),  Plainfield.  Gard- 
ner, I  yr. ;  Plainfield,  2  yrs. 

386.  Charles  Fordyce,  prof,  physiology  and  dean  of  College  of  Lib- 
eral Arts,  University  Place,   Neb. ;     supt.   McLean,  2  yrs. ;    Lena,   i   yr. ; 
Brownsville,  Neb.,  2  yrs. ;   Auburn,  Neb.,  6  yrs. ;   prof,  biology,  Nebraska 
Wesleyan  Univ.,  1894 — . 

387.  Jesse  F.  Hannah,  interior  decorator,  407  Allen  St.,  Belvidere. 
Supt.,  Adeline,  i  yr. ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Peru,  2  yrs.     Married  Jennie  L.  Hun- 
toon,  June  10,  1886. 

1388.  James  V.  McHugh,  grain  dealer,  31  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
Minneapolis,  Minn.  Centralia  h.  s.,  i  yr. ;  I.S.N.U.,  I  yr. ;  supt.  Nor- 
mal pub.  sch.,  i  yr. ;  Minneapolis  h.  s.,  2  yrs. 

389.  Murray  McCheyne  Morrison,  bookseller  and  stationer,  Vinton, 
la.  Prin.  Adeline,  1882-83;  Franklin  Grove,  1884-87;  Whipple  Acad., 
Jacksonville,  1887-88;  head  of  private  sch.,  1888-89.  Married  Kate 
Leach,  1889. 

f39O.     George  W.  Reeder,  mining,  Cripple  Creek,  Col.    Taught,  n  yrs. 

391.  Milton  R.  Regan,  physician,  Eureka  Springs,  Ark.  St.  Rush 
Med.  College,  1887-88;  Chicago  Homeopathic  Med.  Coll.,  1888-89;  P"n., 
Auburn,  1882-83;  Plainfield,  1883-84;  Wayne,  Neb.,  1884-86.  Married 
Elizabeth  J.  lies,  July  2,  1884. 

*392.  Edwin  E.  Rosenberry,  died,  Aug.  30,  1890.  Taught  8  yrs.  Mar- 
ried Flora  A.  Lewis  (See  No.  406),  Aug.  25,  1885. 

t393-     Charles  N.  Smith,  physician,  509  Buchanan  St.,  Belleville. 

t394.    William  J.  Smith,  address  unknown.    Taught  i  yr. 

395.  Evans    Whitmere    Thomas,   banker   and   broker,    Bourse    Bldg., 
Philadelphia,   res.  305   Columbia   St.,   Goldfield.     Prin.    Normal   Sch.    and 
prof,  in  State  Univ.,  Boulder,  Col.    Married  Helen  E.  Lucas. 

396.  Frank  L.  Williams,  lawyer,  Clay  Center,  Kan.     St.  Law  School, 
Columbia  College,  New  York  City,  1884-85 ;    prin.  Loda,   1882-83 ;    prin., 
Hinsdale   sch.,   Pueblo,   Col.,  •  1883-84 ;     private  sec.   to   Gov.    Edward   W. 
Hoch,  of  Kansas.    Married  Clara  Davis,  Delaware,  Ohio. 


278  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

HIGH    SCHOOL    1882 

63.    Bronson  Bayliss  Beecher,  cotton  buyer,  Memphis,  Tenn.    Married 
Fanny  Ewing,  Bloomington,  Dec.,  1893. 

CLASS  OF  1883 

397.  Lou  M.  Allen,  prin.  Glidden  Sch.,  DeKalb.    Elem.  sch.,  DeKalh, 
5  yrs. ;   Colorado  Springs,  Col.,  7  yrs. ;   critic  teacher,  N.I.S.N.S.,  I  yr. ; 
prin.,  DeKalb,  4  yrs. ;   county  supt.  Colorado,  2  yrs. 

398.  Mrs.  Lincoln  Isabel  Dickson  Burr  (Mrs.  Frank  Burr),  Geyser 
ville,  Cal.     Hawaiian  Islands,  1883-86;    prin.  grammar  schools  in  Califor- 
nia, 1887-1897.    Married,  April  i,  1883. 

399.  Mae  Frances  Downey  (Mrs.  Herbert  M.  Cox),  Hudson.     Prin. 
Tiskilwa,  1883-85.    Married  Oct.,  1885. 

400.  Sarah  Elizabeth  Glanville   (Mrs.  Houston),  Polo.     Sparta  h.  s, 
1883-84;   primary,  Grand  Island,  Neb.,  1885-87.    Married  Dr.  S.  D.  Hous- 
ton, Feb.  28,  1894. 

401.  Nannie  R.  Gray,  teacher  German,  State  Normal  Sch.,  Stevens 
Point,  Wis.     St.   in   Germany,   1895-96  and   in    1906;     Gardner,    1883-84; 
Mattoon,  1884-86;    h.  s.,  Barry,  1886-87;    h.  s.,  Decatur,  1887-91;     Monte 
Vista,  Col.,  1891-94;   present  position,  1896 — . 

402.  Mary  Hubbard   (Mrs.  William  R.  Heath),  60  Soldiers'  Place, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.    H.  s.,  Gardner,  2  yrs. ;   h.  s.,  Morris,  2  yrs. ;   prin.  Hudson, 
i  yr. ;    Chicago  night  sch.,  i  yr.    Married  Sept.,  1888  (See  No.  451). 

403.  Caroline  A.   Humphrey    (Mrs.   David  W.   Reid),  Jacksonville. 
Married,  Dec.  25,  1883,  to  David  W.  Reid  (See  No.  429). 

404.  Lucy  Johnson,  instructor  in  history,  Kalamazoo  College,  Kala- 
mazoo,  Mich.     Ph.B.,  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1893;    A.M.,  Radcliff,  1901;    elem. 
sch.,  Rossville,  1883-84;    h.  s.,  LeRoy,  1884-87;    elem.  sch.,  Austin,  1888-90; 
Kalamazoo  College  i893-date. 

405.  Mary   E.    Kuhn    (Mrs.    A.   B.    Kipp),    Minonk.      Shawneetown, 
1883-86;   h.  s.,  Polo,  1886-87;    h-  s.,  Minonk,  1887-93.    Married,  June,  1893. 

406.  Flora  A.  Lewis  (Mrs.  Rosenberry),  teaching,  Normal.     Franklin 
Grove,  1883-85 ;    h.  s.,  Mt.  Sterling,  Feb.  to  May,  1888 ;    second  primary, 
Normal,  1894-96;    rural  sch.,   I9o6-date.     Married   Edwin   E.   Rosenberry 
(See  No.  392),  Aug.  25,  1885. 

407.  Alice     C.     McCormick     (Mrs.     Oliver     Trowbridge),     Normal. 
Naples,  1880-81;    h.  s.,  asst.  I.S.N.U.,  1883,  Dec.,  1885.     Married  O.  R. 
Trowbridge  (See  No.  482),  Dec.  29,  1885. 

t4o8.     Martha  G.   Martin    (Mrs.   B.  O.   Skewis),  Marcus,  la.     Asst. 
h.  s.,  Shullsburg,  i  yr. ;   ninth  grade,  Moline,  2  yrs. 

409.  Hattie  Paddock  (Mrs.  Wm.  A.  Smith),  Westlake,  Idaho.    Grad. 
from  Cook  Co.  Normal,  1888;    Blue  Island,  3  yrs.;    elem.  s.,  Chicago,  14 
yrs.    Married,  Nov.  13,  1902. 

410.  Ada  L.  Parsons,  Woodstock.     H.  s.,  Woodstock,  2  yrs. ;    h.  s., 
Marengo,  2  yrs. ;  h.  s.,  Polo,  2  yrs. ;  h.  s.,  Chester,  i  yr. ;   h.  s,  Dixon,  i  yr. 

411.  May  M.  Parsons   (Mrs.  J.  H.  Glotfelter),  1025  State  St.,  Em- 
poria,  Kan.     Hanover,  2  yrs. ;    Bloomington,  6  mos. ;    Little  Rock,  Ark., 
4  yrs.  (See  No.  475). 

412.  Ida  M.  Porter,  concert  soprano,  Hampton,  la. 

413.  Augusta  Eleanor  Root,  writer  and  illustrator,  121   Beacon  St., 
Boston,  Mass.     St.  Harvard  summer  school,  1898;    Eric  Pape  School  of 
Art,   Boston,  1899-1902;    h.   s.,  Shawneetown,   1883-85;    Peoria,    1885-86; 
h.  s.,  Bedford,  la.,  1886-87;    Topeka,  Kan.,   1887-88;    Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
1888-93  J    Galesburg,  1893-94  5    pub.  numerous  articles  and  stories  in  New 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  279 

York  Independent,  Interior,  St.  Nicholas,  and  various  other  magazines 
and  papers. 

1414.    Harriet  Scott,  Seward.    Taught  4  yrs. 

415.  Carrie  E.  Smith  (Mrs.  Charles  H.  Turner),  Mt.  Sterling. 
Pueblo,  Col,  1883-85;  asst.  h.  s.,  Mt.  Sterling,  1885-87.  Married  May  8, 
1888,  to  Charles  H.  Turner,  who  died  Dec.  10,  1905. 

t4i6.  S.  Elouise  Smith  (Mrs.  Crawford),  197  Norwood  Ave.,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  Gram,  grade,  Gibson  City,  I  yr.  Married  William  A.  Crawford 
(See  H.  S.  No.  69). 

*4i7.  Mary  C.  Spottswood,  died  July  30,  1902.  Metropolis,  i  yr. ; 
prin.  Lincoln  sch.,  Rockford,  18  yrs. 

418.  Walter  T.  Blake,  city  editor,  1617  State  St.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 

419.  Frank  Burr,   farmer,  Geyserville,  Cal.     Prin.   gov't   sch.,   Sand- 
wich Islands,  1883-1886;  prin.  grammar  sch.  in  Cal.,   I  yr.     Married,  L. 
Isabel  Dickson  (See  No.  398),  April  I,  1883. 

420.  Andrew  Engel,  farmer,  So.  Holland,  Cook  Co.,  R.  F.  D.  No.  I. 
S.   Englewood,  1883-89;    elem.  sch.,  Chicago,  1889-1902.     Married  Hulda 
Trautwein,  1886. 

421.  John  L.  Hall,  civil  engineer,  78  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 
Taught  Bryant  and  Stratton  Business  Coll.,   Vz   yr. ;    Shipman,  il/2  yrs.; 
Y.M.C.A.   classes,  Chicago,  4  yrs.;    pub.   Tables  of  Squares  and  Struc- 
tural Slide  Rule  Manual,  1900  and  1906.    Married  Lillian  Liggitt,  1894. 

422.  George  Howell,  institute  instructor,  175  So.  Bromley  Ave.,  Scran- 
ton,  Pa.    Loda,  2  yrs. ;   Lena,  i  yr. ;   Minonk,  2  yrs. ;    Scranton  h.  s.,  8  yrs. ; 
supt.  Scranton,  Pa.,  8  yrs. 

423.  J.  Montgomery  Humer,  prin.  Dubois  Sch.,  319  S.  Lincoln  Ave., 
Springfield.     St.  Illinois  College,  1895 ;    prin.  Danville,  2  yrs. ;    prin.  Lov- 
ington,  i  yr. ;    rural  sch.,  i  yr. ;    prin.  Waverly,  6  yrs. ;    prin.   Pawnee,  6 
yrs. ;    Springfield,  2  yrs.     Married  Emma  J.  Bowdle,  1878. 

1424.  John  S.  Ketterman,  contractor  and  builder,  Ida  Grove,  la. 
Taught  3  yrs. 

425.  William   M.  Lewis,  gen.  mngr.  of  The  Commonwealth  Mining 
and  Milling  Co.,   Cripple  Creek,   Col.     Married  Marie  Z.    Fleming,   Dec. 
20,  1893. 

426.  Cornelius   Luther   Perry,   agt.    Metropolitan   Life   Ins.    Co.,    701 
N.  Fell  Ave.,  Normal.     Correspondence  course  in  Sheldon  Sch.  of  Scien- 
tific Salesmanship;    tutor  Bloomington,  1883-86;    supt.  Soldiers'  Orphans' 
Home  School,  Normal,   1886-87;    prin.   elem.   sch.,  Rock  Island,   1887-89; 
prin.  West  Side  Sch.,  Normal,  1892-93.    Married  Ida  B.  Lytle,  July  i,  1879. 

427.  Eugene  W.    Pinkley,   horticulture  Kingsburg,   Cal.     Elem.   sch., 
Fresno  Co.,  Cal.,  13  yrs.;    county  judge,  Fresno  Co.,  iSoxj-date.     Married 
Ida  E.  Scovell,  1883. 

428.  Rudolph  R.  Reeder,  Supt.  N.  Y.  Orphanage,  Hastings-on-Hud- 
son,   N.  Y.     St.   Columbia     Univ.,   1898-1900;     Ph.D.   and  diploma   from 
Teachers'  College,  1900;    prin.  grammar  sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1883-1890;    read- 
ing and  pedagogy  I.S.N.U.,  1890,  Dec.,  1893;    instructor  Teachers'  Coll., 
N.  Y.  City,  1899-1900;    pres.  N.  Y.  Society  of  Charity  Workers,  1906-07; 
pub.  12  articles  on  Education  of  Orphan  Children;    lecturer  and  institute 
worker.     Married  May  Hewett,  June  20,  1883. 

429.  David  W.  Reid,  physician,  Jacksonville.    St.  Chicago  Med.  Coll., 
1887-88;    Chicago  Homeopathic  Med.  Coll.,  1888-89;    prin.  E.  Champaign, 
i  yr. ;   prin.  Normal  h.  s.,  I  yr. ;   Rock  Island,  2  yrs.     Married  Caroline  A. 
Humphrey  (See  No.  403),  1883. 

430.  Edward  Ransom  Ristine,  teacher,  Mount  Vernon,  la.     St.  Cor- 
nell College,  la.;    Univ.  of  Chicago;    prin.  h.  s.,  1883-88;    Gem  City  Bus. 


280  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

Coll.,  Quincy,  1890-91 ;  prin.  commercial  dept.,  Cornell  College,  la.,  1891- 
date;  received  degrees  B.S.  and  M.S.  from  Cornell  College.  Married 
Mrs.  Laura  F.  Eraser. 

*43i.  Fred  W.  Smedley,  died,  1904.  Taught  El  Paso,  2.  yrs. ;  Gol- 
conda,  i  yr. ;  Peru,  5  yrs. ;  prin.  and  head  of  dept.  of  Child  Study,  Chi- 
cago schools,  during  latter  part  of  his  life. 

t432.     Charles  H.  Tallmadge,  accountant,  83  Warren  Ave.,  Chicago. 

433-  John  N.  Wayman,  teaching,  549  West  6ist  St.,  Chicago.  St.  at 
Univ.  of  Chicago ;  prin.  Gardner,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  Yorkville,  6  yrs. ;  teacher 
in  h.  s.,  Chicago,  8  yrs. ;  teacher  of  manual  training  and  drawing  in  Chi- 
cago sch.,  i899-date.  Married  Catherine  F.  Bowen,  1873. 

HIGH    SCHOOL   1883 

f64-     Mary  L.  Beecher  (Mrs.  Ensley),  Memphis,  Tenn.    Taught  3  yrs. 

65.  Flora  A.  Lewis  (Mrs.  Rosenberry)   (See  No.  406). 

66.  Dolly  A.  McGowan  (Mrs.  Charles  A.  C.  Garst),  deputy  co.  supt. 
of  schools,  Riverside,  Cal.     St.  Lombard  College,  1890-91 ;    School  of  Art 
and  Design,   Glasgow,   Scotland,   1892-93;    elem.   sch.,   Stanford,   1883-89; 
Riverside,  Cal.,  i897-date.    Married,  1889. 

67.  Ida  M.  Porter  (See  412). 

68.  Lillie  M.  Walker  (Mrs.  Lillie  Walker  Smith),  Minier.    Taught  i 
yr.    Married  Mr.  Smith,  now  deceased. 

t6g.  William  A.  Crawford,  197  Norwood  Ave.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  doctor 
of  osteopathy.  Married  S.  Elouise  Smith  (See  No.  416). 

70.  Isaac  B.  Hammers,  lawyer,  El  Paso.     Elem.  sch.,  1883-85 ;    rep- 
resentative in  39th  and  40th  General  Assemblies.     Married  Jessie  H.  Ray, 
Dec.,  1894. 

71.  William  Herbert  Higby,  insurance  and  real  estate,  Ottawa.     St. 
Northwestern  Univ.,  dept.  of  Pharmacy,  1887;    Capt.  Co.  A,  3rd  111.  Inft, 
during  Spanish-American  War.     Married  Phebe  A.  Finley,  Grand  Ridge, 
1890. 

72.  Edward   F.   Parr,  municipal  and  corporation  bonds,   First   Nat- 
ional Bank  Bldg.,  Chicago. 

73.  Frank  Hall  Thorp,  Mass.  Institute  of  Technology,  Boston,  Mass. 
St.  Mass.  Institute  of  Technology,  1883-86,  and  88-89;    Univ.  of  Heidel- 
berg, 1891-93;    Mass.  Inst.  Tech.,  1889-81,  and  i894-date;    pub.  Inorganic 
Chemical  Preparation,  1896,  Outlines  Industrial  Chemistry,  1898.     Married 
Kate  G.  Lunger  (See  No.  443),  1891. 

CLASS  OF  1884 

434.  Mary  Emma  Biggs,  teacher,  633  N.  Park  Ave.,  Chicago.  St.  in 
summer  schools  at  Chautauqua,  N.  Y.,  Martha's  Vineyard,  N.  Y.  Univ. ; 
Lena,  1884-85;  Pekin,  1885-86;  prin.  Tremont,  1886-87;  prm.  Lake  Ben- 
ton,  Minn.,  1887-88;  Nebraska,  1888-90;  Cook  Co.,  1890-91;  Maywood, 
1891-92;  Tilton  sch.,  Chicago,  1892-95;  Richard  Yates  Sch.,  Chicago, 
i895-date;  state  life  certificate,  1884. 

*435.    Zella  Campbell,  died  Feb.  23,  1892. 

436.  Ella  J.  Caughey,  teaching,  1819  I3th  Ave.,  Seattle,  Wash.  Dixon, 
1884-1885;  h.  s.,  Dixon,  1885-88;  h.  s.,  Seattle,  i888-date. 

*437.  Carrie  A.  Dillon  (Mrs.  Milliken),  died,  Dec.  28,  1892.  Fern- 
wood,  2  yrs.  Married  Orris  J.  Millikin  (See  No.  453),  Dec.,  1884. 

438.  Clarissa  E.  Ela,  art  dept.,  I.S.N.U.,  309  E.  Locust  St.,  Bloom- 
ington.  Grad.  Mass.  Normal  Art  Sch.,  Boston,  Mass.,  1888;  elem.  sch., 
Bloomington,  1884-86;  present  position,  1888 — . 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  281 

439.  Carrie  Myrtle  Fuller  (Mrs.  Asa  Giles  Judd),  40  E.  South  St., 
Warren,  Ohio.    H.  s.,  North  Dixon,  1884-85 ;   h.  s.,  South  Dixon,  1885-87 ; 
h.  s.,  Ottawa,  1887-88.    Married,  1888. 

440.  Carrie  A.  Gifford  (Mrs.  Harvey),  Ypsilanti,  Mich.    Dixon,  1884- 
87;    substitute  in  h.  s.,  Morris,  1887-88.    Married,  Nathan  A.  Harvey,  1888. 
(See  No.  450.) 

441.  Mary  Martine  Hall  (Mrs.  Frederick  A.  Husted),  703  E.  Walnut 
St.,   Bloomington.      Elem.    sch.,    Bloomington,    1884-1888;     critic    teacher, 
I.S.N.U.,    1888-92;    pub.  Stories  of  Indian   Children,  other   books   and 
pamphlets.     Married,  1892. 

442.  Annie  Hendron  (Mrs.  Frederick  S.  Smith),  Mt.  Carroll.  Wash- 
burn,  I  yr. ;    Wenona,  i  yr. ;    Bloomington,   I   yr. ;    Delavan,   i   yr. ;    Mt. 
Carroll,  2  yrs. ;   deputy  county  clerk,  I  yr. ;    stenographer,  law  office,  4  yrs. 

443.  Kate  G.  Lunger  (Mrs.  Frank  H.  Thorp),  200  Mt.  Vernon  St., 
West  Roxbury,  Mass.    H.  s.,  Washington,  1885-87;    h.  s.,  Dixon,  1887-89; 
Palatine,  1889-90;    Austin,  1890-91.     Married,  1891. 

/I-H  Harriet  M.  Montgomery  (Mrs.  Herman  W.  McClure),  Atlanta. 
Elem.  sch.,  Dixon,  I  yr. ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Atlanta,  9  yrs.  Married,  Oct.,  1895. 

445.  Cora  J.  Walker,  stenographer,  Keeley  Co.,  Dwight.  Taught  3  yrs. 

446.  Clara  A.  Whitcomb   (Mrs.  Seabery  F.  Leaf),  farming,  Garden 
City,  Mo.     Elem.  sch.,  California,  Mo.,  1884-86;     Polo,  1886-87;    Bloom- 
ington, 1888-89;    Astor,  Kan.,  1891-93;    Lebanon,  Kan.,  1896-97.     Married, 
June,  1889. 

447.  Edward  Aldrich,  Rosemond,  111.     Taught  il/2  yrs. 

448.  David  H.   Chaplin,  printing  and  pub.   business,  123-125  Temple 
St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.     Prin.  East  Side  sch.,  ElPaso,  1884-86;    prin.  gram. 
sch.,  California,  1891-95;    supervising  prin.,  Long  Beach,  California,  1895- 
97;    prin.  elem.  sch.,  San  Diego,  Cal.,   1901-02.     Married  Grace  Darnall, 
Nov.  i,  1887. 

449.  William  D.  Edmunds,  Toulon,  111.     Hennepin,  i  yr. ;    Yorkville, 
2  yrs. ;    Lockport,  3  yrs. ;    Tiskilwa,  i  yr. ;    Bradford,  3  yrs. 

450.  Nathan  A.  Harvey,  prof,  of  pedagogy,  Mich.  State  Normal  Col- 
lege, Ypsilanti,  Mich.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1889-1890;    h.  s.,  Carrollton,  1885- 
86;  prin.  Waverly,  1886-87;   supt.  Pittsfield,  1887-89;  teacher  zoology,  h.  s., 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  1890-96;    head  science  dept,  Wisconsin  State  Normal, 
Superior,  Wis.,  1896-1900;   vice  prin.  Chicago  Normal  Sch.,  1900-04;   pres- 
ent position,   1904 — ;    pub.  Introduction  to   the  Study   of  Zoology,   1900; 
Pedagogical  Content  of  Zoology,  N.E.A.  report,  1899 ;    Pedagogical  Train- 
ing of  Teachers  of  Science,  N.E.A.  report,  1901 ;   The  Training  of  a  Science 
Teacher,  N.   Y.  Science   Teachers'  Ass'n.,  1902.     Married  Carrie  A.  Gif- 
ford, 1888  (See  No.  440). 

451.  William   R.    Heath,   vice-pres.    and   mngr.   Larkin    Co.,    Buffalo, 
N.  Y.     St.  Northwestern  Univ.;    h.  s.,  Peru,  1884-85;   h.  s.,  Gardner,  1885- 
86;   Kent  College  of  Law,  2  yrs.  Married  Mary  E.  Hubbard  (See  No.  402). 

452.  Leander  Messick,  cashier,  Graham  County  Nat'l  Bank,  Hill  City, 
Kan.     Prin.  Carlyle,  1884-86;    prin.,  Hays  City,  Kan.,  1886-87.     Married, 
Jessie  L.  Cook,  Carlyle,  111.,  Jan.  3,  1889. 

453-  Orris  J.  Milliken,  prin.  Dore  sch.,  Chicago,  res.  401  Seventh 
Ave.,  LaGrange.  Prin.  Chicago  pub.  sch.,  1885-1903 ;  supt.  Jewish  Train- 
ing Sch.,  1903-07;  prin.  Dore  Sch.,  Chicago,  March  i,  iox»7-date;  supt. 
Chicago  vacation  sch.,  1897-98;  founder  and  trustee  Chicago  Penny  Sav- 
ings Society.  Married  Carrie  A.  Dillon,  deceased,  (See  No.  437)  ;  m. 
Hattie  Fagersten,  1893. 

454.  Austin  C.  Rishel,  teaching,  542  Berenice  Ave.,  Chicago.  Prin. 
Paxton,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  Gibson,  4  yrs. ;  science  dept.,  h.  s.,  Lake  View,  $l/2 
yrs. ;  prin.  Ogden  sch.,  Chicago,  6l/2  yrs. ;  prin.  Audubon  sch.,  Chicago, 
3r/^  yrs. 


282  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

455-  Orville  T.  Rogers,  minister,  Lake  Arthur,  New  Mexico.  Elem. 
sch.,  1882-83;  h.  s.,  Paxton,  1885-86;  prin.  Hopedale,  1886-87.  Married 
Adda  Short,  Heyworth,  1884. 

*456.     Monroe  W.  Utz,  died  1893.     Taught  3^  yrs. 

457.  James  C.  Wood,  farming,  Secor.    Rural  sch.,  3  yrs. ;   rural  sch., 
state  of  Wyoming,  5  mos. 

HIGH    SCHOOL    1884 

74.  Edward  Aldrich  (See  No.  447). 

75.  Leander  Messick  (Sec  No.  452). 

76.  Murray  M.  Morrison  (See  No.  389). 

CLASS  OF  1885 

458.  Mary  Joice  Adams,  teaching,  854  Jackson  Blvd.,   Chicago.     St. 
Univ.   of   Mich.,    1889-90,    1894-97,   Univ.   of   Chicago,    1905-06;    DeKalb, 
1885-86;    h.  s.,  Lacon,  1886-88;    Harvard,  1888-89;   prin.  h.  s.,  Peru,  1890- 
91 ;    Cherokee,   la.,   1893 ;    Dixon,   1893-94 ;    asst.   in  h.   s.,   Bloomington, 
1897-1904;    Joseph  Medill  h.  s.,  Chicago,  i9O4-date;   pub.  History  of  Suf- 
frage in  Michigan. 

459.  Sue  P.  Adams,  854  Jackson  Blvd.,  Chicago.     DeKalb,   1885-87; 
Normal,  1888-89;    in  Cook  county,  1900-03;    Bloomington,  1904-05. 

460.  Eva  M.  Blanchard   (Mrs.  Lewis  W.  Snedaker),  74  W.  Phillips 
St.,  Pomona,  Cal.     Rural  sch.  near  Mason  City,  i  yr. ;    rural  sch.  near 
Tonka,  i  term.    Married,  September  3,  1886. 

461.  Helen  Antipnette  Dewey,  prin.  Lowell  sch.,  Grand  Junction,  Col. 
Grad.  from  California   Sch.  of  Methods,   San  Jose,  Cal.,   1893 ;    training 
teacher,  Wis.   State  Normal,   Platteville,  3  yrs. ;    Colorado  Springs,   Col., 

5  yrs. ;   Grand  Junction,  Col.,  12  yrs. 

1462.  Agnes  Elliott  (Mrs.  Johnson),  Douglas,  Wyo.     Formerly  mis- 
sionary, Schowfu,  China,  5  yrs. 

1463.  Maggie  J.  Grand   (Mrs.  Alexander  E.   Montgomery),   Moline. 
Rural  sch.,  3  yrs. ;    Dixon,   i  yr. ;    Waukegan,  i   yr. ;    prin.  village  sch., 

3  yrs. 

464.  Ruby  C.  Gray  (Mrs.  Charles  Jordan),  Riverside.     St.  Univ.  of 
Chicago,  1902-04;    Washington,  1885-86;    Pekin,   1886-88;    Decatur,  1888- 
89.    Married,  Aug.  28,  1889. 

465.  Olive  B.  Hubbard  (Mrs.  Charles  W.  Partridge),  123  S.  32d  Ave., 
Omaha,  Neb.    Elem.  sch.,  Omaha,  7  yrs.    Married,  1892. 

466.  Luella  McVay  (Mrs.  Stafford),  farming,  Maroa.     Lexington,  I 
yr. ;    Pontiac,  i  yr. ;    Normal,  i£  yrs.    Married  Joseph  H.  Stafford,  Oct.  5, 
1893- 

467.    Anna  Reid,  731  S.  Broadway,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  12  yrs. 
*468.    Katie  Saltsman  (Mrs.  Collins),  died  March  30,  1898.     Taught 

6  yrs. 

469.  Helen  E.  Savage  (Mrs.  Frank  A.  Rowley),  Lockport,  R.  F.  D. 
No.  i.  Rural  schools,  4  yrs.  Married,  Sept.  5,  1889. 

t470.    Lucy  E.  Stewart  (Mrs.  Brown),  604  W.  Green  St.,  Urbana,  111. 

4  yrs. 

471.  Emma  Werley  (Mrs.  Hausing),  University  Park,  Denver,  Col. 
Asst.  h.  s.  prin.,  Peru,  1885-1890;  h.  s.  prin.,  LaSalle,  1890-94;  Latin  and 
English  classics  in  h.  s.,  Calumet,  Mich.,  1894-95.  Married  Otto  A.  Haus- 
ing, April  22,  1895. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY. 

472.  Alexander  Cation,  proprietor  Walla  Walla  Lumber  Co.,  Walla 
Walla,  Wash.  St.  Cornell  Univ.,  N.  Y.,  1885-86;  prin.  pub.  sch.,  i  yr. ; 
prin.  Bus.  Coll.,  4  yrs.  Married,  Nannie  E.  Cornwell,  Sept  21,  1892. 

*473  Thornton  R.  Fraser,  drowned  while  in  charge  of  Golconda  pub- 
lic schools,  1885. 

*474.  Louis  H.  Galbreath,  died  in  New  York,  Aug.  14,  1899.  Grad. 
at  Cornell  Univ. ;  fellow  in  Columbia,  Univ.,  1898-99 ;  prof,  of  pedagogy 
in  I.S.N.U.,  1896-97;  prof,  of  ped.  Buffalo  School  of  Pedagogy,  1897-98; 
elected  supt.  of  practice,  E.I.S.N.S.,  Charleston,  1899. 

475.  John  Hamlin  Glotfelter,  prin.  training  dept.,  Kansas  State  Nor- 
mal Sch.,  Emporia,  Kan.    Supt.  Normal,  1886-87;   prin.  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
1887-90;    prin.   Ft.   Steele,  Ark.,   1890-91;    supt.  Atchison,  Kan.,    1891-01; 
prin.  training  dept.  K.S.N.S.,  loxn-date,  and  vice-pres.  since  1906.     Mar- 
ried May  M.  Parsons  (See  No.  411),  Aug.  15,  1883. 

476.  Charles   L.    Howard,   pharmacist,    Towanda.      Taught,    Benson, 
h.  s.  Saybrook,  and  Oakley,  8  yrs.    Married  Anna  L.  Pape. 

477.  Lyon  Karr,  banker,  Eureka.     Loda,  3  yrs. ;    Minonk,  i  yr. ;    co. 
supt.  Woodford  Co.,   1889-1904;    treas.  Woodford  Co.,   1898-1902.     Mar- 
ried, Emma  Dillon,  June  26,  1890. 

t478.    John  R.  Kellogg,  Woodstock.    Taught  n  yrs. 

479.  Thomas  B.  McMurray,  farming,  Divernon.     Prin.  Williamsville, 
i  yr. ;   rural  schools,  9  yrs.    Married  Fannie  E.  Haire,  Aug.  3,  1892. 

480.  John  Crittenden  Mount  joy,  pub.  and  dealer  in  school  supplies, 
378  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago.     Woodland  Coll.,  Independence,  Mo.,  3  yrs. ; 
prin.,  Cayuga,  I  yr. ;    supt.  Forrest,  i  yr. ;    supt.  Gilman,  i  yr. ;    supt.  La- 
con,  2  yrs.;    pub.  Historia,  a  high  school  play;    The  American  Bird  and 
Nature  Study  Chart;    compiled  several  library  catalogues.     Married  Mary 
E.  Houser,  1889;   m.  Nellie  M.  Thompson,  1905. 

t48i.  Cornelius  S.  Tarbox,  teacher  in  Nixon  Sch.,  1315  N.  7ist  St.,. 
Chicago.  Taught  17  yrs.  Married  Lydia  Merrill  (See  No.  550). 

482.  Oliver  R.  Trowbridge,  literary  work  in  economics  and  philoso- 
phy, Normal.     St.  Chicago  College  of  Law,  1888-1890;    prin.  Lacon  Union 
Schools,  3  yrs. ;    Chicago  pub.  schools,  2  yrs. ;    pub.  two  books — Illinois 
and  the  Nation;  How  They  are  Governed,  1887,  tit-socialism  ;    The  Reign 
of  the  Man  at  the  Margin  (1903).    Married  Alice  C.  McCormick  (See  No- 
407),  Dec.  29,  1885. 

483.  John  J.   Wilkinson,  prof,    of   English,    Elmhurst   College,   Elm- 
hurst.     St.  Univ.  of  Jena,  of  Berlin,  and  of  Leipsig,  Germany — degree  of 
Ph.D.  from  last   1898;    post  graduate  work  in  Univ.  of  Chicago;    prin. 
Lovington,  1886-89;    prin.  North  Springfield  sch.,  1889-90;    prin.  Lincoln 
sch.,  Springfield,  1890-93 ;    prof,  theory  and  practice  of  teaching,  Paterson 
City  Training  Sch.,  Paterson,  N.  J.,  1898-99 ;    supervisor  practice  school, 
I.S.N.U.,    1899-1900;     supt.    schools,    Mattoon,    1900-02.      Married   Ada 
Ashworth,  Sullivan,  111.,  1899. 

484.  Thomas  Elmer  Will,  sec.  American  Forestry  Association,  1311 
G  Street,  Northwest,  Washington,  D.  C.    St.  Univ.  of  Mich,  and  of  Har- 
vard, 3  yrs. ;    Lacon,  V2  yr. ;    prin.  Golconda,  Vz  yr. ;    prin.  Edwards  sch., 
Springfield,  2  yrs. ;    prof,  of  history  and  polit.  science,  Lawrence  Univ., 
Appleton,  Wis.,  2  yrs. ;    prof,  economics,  Kansas  State  Agricultural  Col- 
lege, 3  yrs. ;    pres.  same,  2  yrs. ;    prof  of  sociology,  Ruskin  College,  Tren- 
ton, Mo.,  2^  yrs. ;    lecturer  and  writer,  4^  yrs. ;    present  position,  1905 — . 

485.  Isaac  H.  Yoder,  teaching,  Normal.    Prin.  Chenoa,  2  yrs. ;    same, 
Piper  City,  3  yrs. ;    same,  Loda,  3  yrs. ;   rural  school,  7  yrs. ;   prin.  Welling- 
ton, 4  yrs. ;   prin.  Carlock,  i  yr.    Married  Anna  McGavack,  April  8,  1875. 


284  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

HIGH    SCHOOL    1885 

77.  Mary  Joice  Adams  (See  No.  458). 

78.  Robert  H.  Elder,  lawyer,  256  Broadway,  Borough  of  Manhattan, 
N.  Y.  City.    First  asst.  district  atty.  of  county  of  Kings,  N.  Y. 

*7Q.    Harry  M.  Loehr,  died  Sept.  17,  1902. 

CLASS  OF  1886 

486.  Septina  Baker,  prin.  private  sch.,  554-141!!  St.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
Grade  teacher,  1886-96;  present  position,  i896-date. 

*487.  Lutie  A.  Bush  (Mrs.  Saltonstall),  died  Jan.  9,  1889.  Taught 
i  yr. 

488.  Theodora  Gildemeister,  training  teacher,  State  Normal  Sch., 
Winona,  Minn.  M.A.,  Clarksburg,  1900;  B.S.,  Columbia,  1906;  h.  s., 
Dixon,  1886-88;  h.  s.,  Hillsboro,  1888-92;  S.I.S.N.U.,  Carbondale,  1893- 
97;  State  Normal  School,  Winona,  1898-05,  and  I9o6-date;  pub.  Bulletin 
on  Primary  Reading  and  numerous  articles  for  educational  magazines. 

*489-  Cora  Glidden  (Mrs.  Prof.  Switzer),  died  at  DeKalb,  1903. 
Taught  6  yrs. 

t49O.     Lucy  D.  Gray  (Mrs.  Gridley),  Huntington,  Ark.    Taught  3  yrs. 

491.  Saidee  John  Gray  (Mrs.  Farrin),  teaching,  Cairo.     St.  Univ.  of 
Chicago ;   8th  grade  and  asst.  in  h.  s.,  Mt.  Vernon,  i  yr. ;   h.  s.,  Rapid  City, 
S.  Da.,  i  yr. ;    teacher  of  Latin  in  h.  s.,  Cairo,   1890 — .     Married  T.   B. 
Farrin,  June  14,  1899 

492.  Marion  B.  Kelley  (Mrs.  Bowles),  physician  and  surgeon,  Joliet. 
St.  Woman's   Med.   Sch.,   Northwestern  Univ.,   1890-94;    clinical  asst.   in 
same,  1894-96;   lecturer  to  Silver  Cross  Hospital,  8  yrs.;    member  of  staff 
of  Woman's  Med.  Journal;    active  in  111.  State  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs.    Married  Hon.  William  A.  Bowles,  Dec.  29,  1893. 

493.  Mary  Louise  Kimball,  507  W.  Locust  St.,  Bloomington.     Elem. 
sch.,  Rockford,  1886-90;    elem.  sch.,  Bloomington,  1890-94,  and  h.  s.,  1894- 
96;  private  school  work,  1897-99. 

494.  Margaret  H.  J.  Lampe,   Bloomington,   R.   F.   D.    No.   i.     A.B. 
Univ.  of  111.,  1897;    A.M.,  same,  1900;    h.  s.,  Bloomington,  1886-89;    h-  s-> 
Rushville,  1889-90;    Riverside,  Cal.,  1890-94;    prin.  h.  s.,  Rochelle,  1900-01; 
Spearfish,  S.  D.,  and  Atchinson,  Kan.,  1901-02;    prin.  h.  s.,  Rochelle,  1902- 
03 ;    same,  Dwight,  1903-04 ;    same,  Pittsfield,   1904-05 ;    same,  Lovington, 
1905-06;    pub.  Latin  and  German  Drill  Books;    articles   in  School  and 
Home  Education. 

495.  Florence  McVay    (Mrs.   Frank  W.   Custer),   Momence.     Elem. 
sch.,    Centralia,    1886-87;     Maroa,    1887-88;     Pontiac,    1888-93.      Married, 
Nov.,  1893. 

*496.    Hattie  A.  Mills,  died  July  15,  1890.    Taught  4  yrs. 

497.  Mary  Piper  (Mrs.  Anderson),  1060  7th  St.,  Charleston.  H.  s., 
Charleston,  i  yr. ;  ist  primary,  same,  6  yrs.;  same,  Des  Moines,  la.,  2 
yrs.  Married  Sumner  S.  Anderson,  June  27,  1895. 

*498.    Alma  E.  Ross  (Mrs.  Belsley),  died  Oct.  6,  1895.  Taught  il/2  yrs. 

499.  Olive  Sattley,  teacher  in  h.  s,.  530  S.  Second  St.,  Springfield. 
Taylorville  h.  s.,   1886-87;    h.   s.,  DeKalb,    1887-88;    h.   s.,  Lena,   1888-94; 
h.  s.,  Edinburg,  1894-97 ;    present  position,  1897 — . 

500.  May  Shinn  (Mrs.  Giddings),  Cornell.     Asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  Wash- 
ington,  i    yr. ;    same,   LeRoy,   I   yr. ;    same,   Normal  pub.   sch.,   l/2  term ; 
same,  Lewistown,  i  term.     Married  Rev.  Frederick  J.  Giddings,  Nov.-  12, 
1891. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  285 

501.  Eva  G.  Telford    (Mrs.   McClurken),   Ashville,  N.  C.     Gallatin, 
Mo.,  I  yr. ;    Sparta,  111.,  2  yrs. ;    Fulton,  111.,  i  yr. ;    Little  Rock,  Ark.,  2 
yrs. ;    Rico,  Col.,  i  yr. ;    elem.  sch.,  North  Carolina,  8  yrs. ;    now  in  Ash- 
ville pub.  schools.    Married  James  L.  McClurken,  Dec.  12,  1893. 

502.  Juliet  A.  Wallace  (Mrs.  W.  I.  Hitt),  7004  Princeton  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago.   Chicago  elem.  sch.,  6  yrs. 

1503.  David  W.  Creekmur,  lawyer,  1407  Marquette  Bldg.,  Chicago. 
Taught  ii  yrs. 

504.  Levi  R.  Fitzer,  farming,  Garden  Prairie.     Taught  6  yrs. ;  county 
supt.  Boone  Co.,  1884-1902. 

505.  John  H.  Fleming,  lawyer,  St.  Ignace,  Mich.     E.   Prin.   Pueblo, 
Col.,  1887-88;    supt.  Elsinore,  Cal.,   1888-89;    Prin-  Benson  and  Humboldt, 
la.,  1889-90;    supt.  Mandan,  N.  D.,  1890-92;    prin.  Pleasant  Hill,  1894-96; 
Indian  sch.  in  U.  P.  of  Mich.,  1806-1900;    supt.  St.  Ignace,  Mich.,  1903-06. 
Married  Lottie  M.  Rose,  Normal,  Aug.,  1002. 

506.  Charles  W.  Hart,  supt.  St.  Charles  Sch.,  St.  Charles.     St.  Univ. 
of   Chicago;     prin.    Algonquin,    1886-89;     supt.    Marengo,    1889-96;     supt. 
Woodstock,  1896-1906;    supt.  St.  Charles  School,  I9o6-date.    Married  Myr- 
tella  M.  McKee,  June  18,  1890. 

507.  Robert  Enoch  Hieronymus,  pres.  Eureka  College,  Eureka.     St. 
Univ.  of  Mich.,  1887-88;   Eureka  College,  1888-89;   Univ.  of  Chicago,  1893; 
prin.  h.  s.,  Carrollton,  1886-87;    prof,  of  English  Lang,  and  Lit,  Eureka 
College,  1890-97;    English  and  history,  State  Normal,  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
1897-98;    supt.  Univ.  extension  work,  Southern  Cal.,  1898-99;    present  po- 
sition, 1900 — ;    pub.  articles  on  educational  subjects  in  the  Standard,  Cen- 
tury, and  other  magazines ;    pres.  or  sec.  of  various  associations  of  teach- 
ers and  of  ministers.     Married  Minnie  D.  Frantz,  Wellington,  Kan.,  June 
26,  1890 — deceased;   m.  Lois  Campbell,  LaHarpe,  Aug.  31,  1900. 

508.  Martin  L.  Mclntyre,  real  estate  and  mercantile  stocks,  Seneca, 
Kan.     Prin.  east  sch.,  ElPaso,   1886-89;    supt.  Nokomis,   1891-98;    editor 
of  Seneca  Courier  Democrat,  1898-1903.     Married  Millie  Haller,  of  No- 
komis, Aug.  23,  1893. 

509.  Samuel  D.  Magers,  professor  of  physiology,  Mich  State  Normal 
College,  Ypsilanti,  Mich.     B.S.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1894,  M.S.  Univ.  of  Chi- 
cago,   1901;     h.    s.,    Fayetteville,   Ark.,    1886-88;     prin.    Hamilton    School, 
Houston,  Tex.,  1888-91   and  94-95;    prin.  h.  s.,  Houston,  1895-00;    Mich. 
State  Normal  College,  loxn-date;    pub.  Educational  Value  of  History  and 
other  magazine  articles.     Married  Ella  E.  Kirtland,  deceased,  1895. 

510.  Thomas  O.   Moore,   teacher,  Ottawa.     St.   i   term  at   Business 
Coll. ;    i  term,  Lake  Forest ;    prin.  village  sch.,  I  yr. ;    math,  in  twp.  h.  s., 
Ottawa,  1888—. 

tSii.  Clarence  H.  Watt,  309  E.  4ist  St.,  Chicago.  Prin.  Sparland, 
6  yrs. ;  supt.  Dundee,  2  yrs. 

512.  Walter  J.  Watts,  lawyer,  728  Reaper  Block,  95  Clark  St.,  Chi- 
cago. St.  Union  College  of  Law,  1887;  Chicago  evening  schools,  1887-95. 

HIGH   SCHOOL    l886 

80.  Jessie  M.  Dillon  (See  No.  900). 

81.  Saidee  J.  Gray  (See  No.  491). 

82.  Mary  L.  Kimball  (See  No.  493). 

83.  Cora    Maria    Rowell    (Mrs.    Olney),    463    Nielsen   Ave.,    Fresno, 
Cal.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1886-1890;    Univ.  of  California,  summer,  1899; 
elem.  sch.,  Fresno,  Cal.,  1891-95 ;    history  in  h.  s.,  same,  1895-1902.     Mar- 
ried Albert  Clyde  Olney,  June  30,  1902. 


286  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

84.  Olive  Sattley  (See  No.  499). 

85.  May  Shinn  (Mrs.  F.  J.  Giddings)   (See  No.  500). 

86.  Juliet  A.  Wallace  (See  No.  502). 

87.  Lee  O'Neil  Browne,  senior  member  of  law  firm  of  Browne  & 
Wiley,  Ottawa.     St.  Illinois  Wesleyan  College  of  Law,  1886-88;    member 
of  state  legislature,  1900 — . 

*88.    Jesse  Hammers,  died  December  2,  1890. 

89.  Frederick  Edwards  Jenkins,  teaching,  Faribault,  Minn.    St.  Univ. 
of  Minn.;   prin.  Cedar  Rapids,  Neb.,  1886-88;    supt.  Albion,  Neb.,  1888-93; 
prin.  prep,  dept,  Shattuck  sch.,  1894-1901 ;    prin.  Lower  Sch.,   Shattuck, 
Faribault,  Minn.,  1901 — ;   admitted  to  bar  in  Neb.,  1887;   in  Kansas,  1893. 
Married  Ella  Gregoire,  July  26,  1888. 

90.  Harrie  H.  Town,  loans  and  insurance,  Earlville. 

CLASS  OF  1887 

513.  Jennie  Armstrong  (Mrs.  Jennie  A.  Manning),  Harrisburg,  O. 
Prin.  h.  s.,  Washington,  1887-1890;  asst.  prin.  same,  1891-93;  asst.  h.  s., 
Columbia,  Tenn.,  1893-94.  Married  May  29,  1895,  to  Henry  Manning,  who 
died  May  29,  1904. 

1514.  Mary  E.  Coffey  (Mrs.  Doren),  923  Prospect  Ave.,  Toledo,  O. 
Taught  12  yrs. 

*5I5.    Rosalia  Colburn  (Mrs.  Melton),  died  Feb.  10,  1899. 

*5i6.    Anna  L.  Colson,  died,  1899.    Taught  71A  yrs. 

*5i7.     Martha  Crist  (Mrs.  Kasbeer),  died  Jan.  30,  1891.    Taught  I  yr. 

t5i8.  Carrie  Crum  (Mrs.  R.  H.  Russell),  Genesee,  Id.  Diamond,  i 
yr. ;  Chenoa,  3  yrs. ;  Colfax,  Wash.,  i  yr. ;  Pullman,  Wash.,  2  yrs. ;  Gen- 
esee, Id.,  i  yr. ;  Lewiston,  Id.,  2  years. 

*5i9.    Laura  L.  Furman,  died  at  Normal,  Sept.  16,  1888. 

520.  Carrie  B.  Goode  (Mrs.  Adams),  Normal.    Taught  Aledo,  1887- 
88;    Oak  Park,  1888-89.     Married  James  W.  Adams  (See  No.  345),  July 
n,  1889. 

521.  E.  Margaret  Hursey,  204  E.  4th  St.,  Normal.    Rural  sch.,  2l/2  yrs. 

522.  Cynthia  A.  Rutledge,  sten.,  4571  Oakenwold  Ave.,  Chicago. 

523.  Flora  B.  Smith,  primary  supervisor,  657  W.  Main  St.,  Decatur. 
St.  Chicago  Normal ;   Chicago  Kindergarten  College ;    Havana  h.  s.,  1887- 
89;   Decatur,  iSSg-date. 

*524.     Mary  J.  Watt,  died,  1895.     Taught  Griggsville  h.  s.,  7  yrs. 

525.  Josepha  H.  E.  Witte,  Oceanside,  Cal.    Taught  8  yrs. 

526.  Jacob  S.  Cline,  wholesale  board  and  paper  business,  135  Adams 
St.,  Chicago.     Prin.  h.  s.,  Kankakee,  i  yr.,  pres.  Fleischer  Paper  Box  Co., 
Chicago.    Married  Ellen  B.  Bonfield,  June  23,  1891. 

527.  Edwin    S.    Coombs,    lawyer,    Carthage.     St.    Univ.    of    Mich.. 
Ann   Arbor,    1894-96;    prin.,   ElPaso,    1887-8;     prin.,    LaHarpe,    1888-90; 
supt.,   Carthage,    1890-93;    co.   supt.   Hancock   Co.,   1890;    supt.    Pontiac, 
1893-94.    Married  Luella  L.  Worrell,  Oct.  7,  1903. 

528.  John    W.    Creekmur,    lawyer,    1402    Marquette    Bldg.,    Chicago. 
Prin.  Camp  Point,  2  yrs. ;   prin.  Rice  Lake,  Wis.,  I  yr.    Married,  1891. 

529.  John  Henry  Gray,  prof,  political  and  social   science,    1827  Or- 
rington  Ave.,  Evanston.     St.  Harvard,   1883-87;    grad.  student,  Harvard, 
1887-88;    Halle,  Ger.,  1889-90;    Paris,  France,  and  Vienna,  Aus.,  1890-91; 
Berlin,  1891-2;    Ph.D.,  Halle,  1892;    instructor  in  political  economy,  Har- 
vard, 1888-89;   prof,  political  and  social  science,  Northwestern  Univ.,  1892- 
date;    represented  U.  S.  at  International  Congress,  Dfisseldorf,  Ger.,  June, 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  287 

1902;  also  at  International  Congress  at  Ostend,  Belgium,  Aug.,  1902;  at 
the  International  Co-operative  Congress,  Manchester,  Eng.,  July,  1902; 
pub.  articles  and  editorials  to  the  number  of  281.  Married  Helen  Roch- 
well  Bliss,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  June  14,  1894. 

tS3O.     George  M.  Holferty,  Univ.  of  Chicago,  Chicago.    Taught  8  yrs. 

531.  Joab  R.  Kasbeer,  real  estate,  305  Commonwealth  Bldg.,  Denver, 
Col.     Prin.  Saybrook,  2  yrs. ;    supt.,  Aledo,  2  yrs. 

532.  Thomas  M.  Kilbride,  teaching,  Springfield.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich., 
1890-93;    prin.  San  Jose,  1887-88;    prin.   Minier,   1888-1890;    prin.  Stuart 
sch.,  Springfield,  i893-date;   pub.  Oral  Arithmetic  for  Seventh  and  Eighth 
Grades.    Married  Estella  L.  Moore. 

533-  William  J.  Rowson,  prin.  S.  Holland  Schools,  Cook  Co.,  72  N. 
Garfield  St.,  Hinsdale.  Taught  in  business  college,  Chicago,  9^  yrs. ; 
pub.  schools,  io]/2  yrs.  Married  Susan  M.  Hubbell,  Dec.  25,  1894. 

534.  Adna  F.  Smith,  optician,  208  Lake  St.,  Oak  Park.     Prin.  prep, 
dept,  Eureka  College,  1893-97.    Married  Ada  A.  Jones,  May  27,  1890. 

535.  Almeron  Warren  Smith,  prin.  gram,  sch.,  534  W.  I24th  St.,  New 
York  City.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich. ;    Columbia  Univ,  New  York  City ;    prin. 
Morrisonville,  1887-89 ;    prin.  gram,  sch.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  1891-93 ; 
h.  s.,  Salt  Lake  City,  1894-98;    Hyde  Park  h.  s.,  Chicago,  1898-1901;    De- 
Witt  Clinton  h.  s.,  New  York  City,  1901-02;    High  School  of  Commerce, 
New  York  City,  1902-05 ;    prin.  gram,  sch.,  32  Brooklyn,  loxts-date.     Mar- 
ried Olive  A.  Lister,  1898. 

tS36.  Amos  Watkins,  rector  Trinity  Church,  Bay  City,  Mich.  Prin. 
h.  s.,  Pueblo,  Col.,  2  yrs. 

HIGH   SCHOOL    1887 

91.  Lucy  Coolidge    (Mrs.   Hamsher),  52040   Morgan  St.,   St.   Louis, 
Mo.    St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1887-1891 ;   Univ.  of  Chicago  Graduate  Sch.,  1894. 
Married  Frank  Hamsher,  June,  1900. 

92.  Martha  Crist  (Mrs.  Kasbeer)   (See  No.  517). 

93.  Bertha  M.  Glidden  (Mrs.  Bradt),  DeKalb.    St.  U.  of  C.  Exten- 
sion Courses,  1896-98,  1905-06;    vice-pres.   Illinois  Congress  of  Mothers. 
Married  Samuel  E.  Bradt. 

94.  Alice  Freeman  Tryner  (Mrs.  Evans),  1412  N.  Main  St.    Bloom- 
ington.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1887-88;    Smith  College,   1888-90.     Married, 
Oct.  9,  1894,  to  Rowland  Watkin  Evans. 

95.  Jacob  A.   Bohrer,  postmaster,   Bloomington.     St.   Williams    Col- 
lege;   I.S.N.U.,  4  yrs.;    asst.  state's  attorney,  5  yrs.;    postmaster,  1901 — . 

t96.     Alexander  H.  Cunningham,  missionary,  Pekin,  China. 

97.  J.  Robert  Effinger,  Jr.,  asst.  prof,  of  French,  Univ.  of  Mich.,  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.    Asst.  prin.  Manistee,  Mich.,  i  yr. ;   Univ.  of  Mich.,  1894 — . 

98.  Walter  H.  Green,  cashier  life  insurance  co.,  445  Newton  Claypool 
Bldg.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

99.  Charles  B.  Harrison,  merchant,  Manhattan,  Kan. 

100.  Joab  R.  Kasbeer  (See  No.  531). 

fioi.  Edward  Manley,  Quadrangle  Club,  5801,  Lexington  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago. 

102.  George  M.  Peairs,  physician  and  surgeon,  Joliet.     Grad.  Rush 
Medical  College ;    taught  2  yrs. ;    at  present  surgeon  for  111.   Steel  Co., 
Joliet. 

103.  Harry  J.  Peairs,  teller  Second  Nat.  Bank,  Pittsburg,  Pa.  Taught 
2  yrs. 

*IO4.     Leonard  M.  Prince,  died  Nov.  I,  1895. 


288  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

105.  William  F.  Ryburn,  dentist,  Milford.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1887- 
88;   Univ.  of  Iowa,  1889-91. 

106.  John  Adams  Scott,  head  professor  of  Greek,  Northwestern  Univ., 
Evanston.     St.   Northwestern  Univ.,  A.B.,   1891 ;    Johns   Hopkins   Univ., 
Ph.D.,  1897 ;    Univ.  of  Gottingen,  Ger. ;    fellow  in  Johns  Hopkins  Univ., 
1895-96;    dept.  of  Greek,  Northwestern  Univ.,  i897-date;    contributor  to 
Eng.  Classical  Review,  Amer.  Journal  of  Philology,  and  Classical  Phil- 
ology.    Married  Matilda  J.  Spring,  Sept.  i,  1893. 

CLASS  OF  1888 

537.  Maude  I.  Abbott,  saleswoman,  Read  &  White,  406  E.  Jefferson 
St.,  Bloomington.  Taught  5  yrs. 

t538.  Louise  L.  Babcock  (Mrs.  Arenschield),  Elden,  la.  Taught 
3  yrs. 

539.  M.  Sophie  Barry,  member  of  Barry  Bros.  Dry  Goods  Co.,  Ga- 
lena.    St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1889-90;    degree  of  A.B.;    prin.  h.  s.,  Charles- 
ton, 1888-89;    h.  s.,  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  1891-92;    received  life  state  cer- 
tificate, 1888;    in  Europe  in  1900. 

540.  Mary  E.  Corson  (Mrs.  Brown),  501  Evans  St.,  Springfield,  Mo. 
Asst.  h.  s.  Sparta,  1888-89;    prin.  h.  s.,   Sterling,   1889-1893;    asst.  h.  s., 
Danville,  1893-97.    Married  Sept.,  1897,  to  William  M.  Brown. 

541.  Sarah  G.  Corson  (Mrs.  Laird),  Sunnyside,  Wash.    Taught  5  yrs- 

542.  Ida   Estelle   Crouch    (Mrs.   Ida   Crouch   Hazlett),   editor  Mon- 
tana News,   Helena,   Mont.     St.,   Chicago    College   of   Music;     Stanford 
Univ. ;    h.  s.,  Paxton,  i  yr. ;   h.  s.  Elmwood,  I  yr. ;   primary  teacher,  Rica, 
Col.,  5  yrs.    Married  N.  Hazlett,  now  deceased. 

543.  Ida  L.    Elkins    (Mrs.   C.   D.    Still  well),   teaching,   1707  Deming 
Place,    Chicago.      Sixth   grade,    Oregon,    1888-89;     seventh    grade,    Pekin, 
1889-92;    asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  Wyoming,  1892-96;   eighth  grade,  Chicago,  1896- 
date.    Married  Chicago,  April  26,  1897. 

1544.  Ella  M.  Ferris  (Mrs.  Harry  Kitfield),  408  Magazine  St.,  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.  Taught  3  yrs. 

545.  Florence  M.  Gaston  (Mrs.  Edmund  B.  Smith),  5474  Greenwood 
Ave.,  Chicago.  Ass't.  North  Dixon  h.  s.,  1888-89;  prin.  Normal  h.  s., 
1889-90.  Married,  1890. 

t546.    Hattie  M.  Hedges  (Mrs.  Patton),  Goldhill,  Col.    Taught  2  yrs. 

1547.  Nettie  S.  Hunter  (Mrs.  Andrew  Chapman),  Stonington. 
Taught,  9  yrs. 

548.  Hulda  Myrtle  Koester  (Mrs.  Ferris),  2838  Franklin  St.,  Den- 
ver, Col.  T.  Lee's  Siding,  Col.,  i  yr. ;  Prospect  Valley,  Col.,  3  yrs. ;  7th 
grade,  Wyman  Sch.,  Denver,  Col.,  i  yr.  Married  Wm.  H.  Ferris,  Sept. 
i,  1896. 

*549.     Emma  Lisk  (Mrs.  Guthrie),  died  Oct.  4,  1891.    Taught  I  yr. 

550.  Lydia  Merrill  (Mrs.  Tarbox),  1315  N.  7ist  St.,  Chicago.  Taught 
6  yrs.    Married  Cornelius  S.  Tarbox  (See  No.  481). 

551.  Emma  H.    Parker,   teaching,   Stockton.     Primary  teacher,   Los- 
tant,    1888-92 ;     Sycamore,    1892-93 ;     Athens,    1893-95 »     fourth    and    fifth 
grades,  Stockton,  i898-date. 

552.  Ellen   Reid    (Mrs.   Byers),   2100   E.   Galer   St.,    Seattle,   Wash. 
Taught  9  yrs.     Married  Ovid  A.  Byers. 

553.  Anna  Martha  Smith  (Mrs.  Brown),  Divernon.    Maroa,  1888-89; 
ElPaso,  1890-94.    Married  John  Harvey  Brown,  July  31,  1895. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  289 

554.  Carrie  Virginia  Smith  (Mrs.  Charles  M.  Stebbins),  763  Eastern 
Parkway,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.    St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1893-95;   prin.  h.  s.,  Mor- 
ris, 1888-90;    prin.  h.  s.,  Peru,  1891-93;    teacher  of  English  and  mathe- 
matics, h.  s.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  1895-96.    Married,  June  24,  1896. 

555.  Jessie  E.  Sumner  (Mrs.  C.  V.  McReynolds),  Chico,  Cal.,  R.F.D. 
No.  3.     Anchor,   1888-89;    Peotone,   1889-91;    Naples,   1892-93.     Married 
Charles  V.  McReynolds  (See  No.  624),  July  17,  1890. 

556.  Mina  M.  Watson,  teaching,  1513  N.  Troy  St.,  Keokuk,  la.     St. 
in  Univ.  Ex.  classes;  Danville,  1888-90;   elem.  sch.,  Chicago,  1890—;   head 
asst.  James   Monroe  Sch.,   Chicago,  iox)4-date;    pub.   Trip   to  Hawaii — a 
magazine  article. 

557.  Fred  Barton,  farmer,   Rich  Hill,   Mo.,   R.F.D.    No.  7.     Rural 
sch.,  near  Saybrook,  1888-89  \   prin.  Odell,  1889-91 ;   rural  sch.  near  Pleas- 
ant Hill,  1891-93.    Married  Mrs.  Satie  R.  Burris,  Aug.,  1889,  who  died  in 
1898;   m.  Anna  Huffman,  1899. 

558.  Howard    Stidham    Erode,   prof,   of  biology,   Whitman   College, 
Walla  Walla,  Wash.  St.  Univ.  of  Chi.,  1893-96 ;  h.  s.,  Ottawa,  1888-89  5  asst. 
in  biology,  Univ.  of  111.,  1889-93;    fellow  in  Zoology,  U.  of  C.,  1894-96; 
instructor  in  science,  Beloit  College  Acad.,  1896-99;   present  position,  1899- 
date ;   pub.  article  on  Morphology  in  Journal  of  Morphology.    Married  M. 
Kate  Bigham  (See  No.  573),  Aug.  30,  1893. 

559.  William  Norval  Broun,  teaching.     Summer  sch.,   Peoria.       St. 
Wesleyan   Law    Sch.,   Bloomingtpn,    1888-90;    non-resident   course   Wes- 
leyan  Univ.,  completed  1898;    prin.  h.  s.,  Roseville,  1890-92;    prin.,  gram, 
dept.,  Normal  sch.,  Platteville,  Wis.,  1892-93 ;    prin.  gram,  sch.,  Keokuk, 
Iowa,  1893-95;    prin.  Township  h.  s.,  Roseville,  1897-1900;    prin.  Sumner 
sch.,  Peoria,  i goo-date.    Married  Kate  Taliaferro,  1893. 

560.  Edward  I.  Manley,  Englewood  h.  s.,  5801  Lexington  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago.    Prin.  h.   s.,  Bloomington;    asst.  h.  s.,  I.S.N.U.,   1888-91;    New 
Trier  twp.  h.  s.,  Wilmette. 

ts6i.  Hanan  McCarrel,  dairyman,  Kinderhook.  Prin.  Heyworth,  i 
yr. ;  prin.  Winchester,  2  yrs. ;  Waverly,  i  yr. ;  supt.  Barry,  2  yrs. ;  supt. 
Griggsville,  7  yrs. ;  prin.  and  supt.,  Pana,  2  yrs. 

562.  Anthony  Middleton,   supt.   schools,   Dwight.     St.  Univ.   of  111., 
1900-01 ;    asst.  h.  s.,  Attica,  Ind.,  1888-89 ',    prin.  h.  s.,  Robinson,  1889-90 ; 
supt.  Brown's  Valley,  Minn.,  1890-91 ;    supt.  ElPaso,  1891-93 ;    supt.  Nio- 
braca,   Neb.,   1893-94;    supt.   Chenoa,   1894-1900;     supt.   Atlanta,   1901-06; 
supt.  Dwight,  I9o6-date.    Married  Nettie  P.  Tuckey,  Aug.  20,  1891. 

563.  William  Miner,  teaching,  Pana.     St.  Valparaiso,  summer  terms, 
1892-93;   Dixon  College,  1894;   Univ.  of  Chicago,  summer,  1896;    Charles- 
ton Normal,  summer,  1904;   Univ.  of  111.,  summers,  1905-06;  prin.  Greenup, 
1890-91 ;    Mt.  Pulaski,  1892-96 ;    supt.  Pana,  i8o6-date.     Married  Eleanor 
B.  Houtchin,  Stewardson,  May  23,  1881. 

564.  William  J.  Morrison,  teacher  of  history  and  principles  of  edu- 
cation, 319  Stratford  Road,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.     St.   Swarthmore   College, 
1893-96;   Columbia    Univ.,  N.  Y.,  1903;   pub.  sch.,  Will  Co.,  1888-89;  P"n. 
ElPaso,  1889-93 ;    teacher  of  history  of  education  and  arith.,  New  Jersey 
State  Normal,  1896-1902;    Brooklyn  Training  School,  1903-date.     Married 
Margaret  Estelle  Chapman,  ElPaso,  1898. 

565.  Elijah  Needham,  postmaster,  Virginia.     Rural  schools,  1889-92; 
supt  Ashland,  1892-96.    Married  Kate  M.  Behler. 

566.  Edmqnd  C.   Parker,  railway  mail  service,  440  Menominee   St., 
Oak  Park.     Prin.  Ramsey,  i  yr. ;    Stockton,  2  yrs. ;    railway  mail  service, 
14  yrs. ;   at  present  with  Chi.  and  No.  Western  Ry. 

1567.  Charles  F.  Philbrook,  supt.  schools,  Bisbee,  Ariz.  Prin.  Lena, 
4  yrs.;  supt.  Rochelle,  n  yrs.;  supt.  Williams,  Ariz.,  i  yr. ;  supt.  Bisbee, 
Ariz.,  1904 — . 


290  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

568.  Francis  M.  Richardson,  supt.  of  schools,  Chicago  Heights.     St 
Univ.   of  111.,   1900-01;    summer  terms,   1894,   1896;    prin.   Brownsvalley, 
Minn.,   1888-90;    prin.   Chenoa,   1890-94;    supt.   Fairbury,    1894-97;    supt. 
Lincoln,  1897-1900;  supt.  Chicago  Heights,  looi-date;  pub.  A   Thesis  on 
Science  in  the  Elementary  and  Grammar  Schools.    Married  Stella  Wilson, 
Sept.  i,  1892. 

569.  Lewis  Rhoton,  attorney  at  law,  rooms  12-16  Kahn  Bldg.,  Little 
Rock,  Ark.     St.  Univ.  of  Ark.,   1893-94;   Univ.  of  Virginia,   1896;   prin. 
El  Paso,  2  yrs. ;    prin.  ward  sch.,  Little  Rock,  3  yrs. ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Little 
Rock,  2  yrs.;    prosecuting  attorney,  6th  judicial  circuit,  Ark.;    pub.  Ar- 
kansas and  the  Nation.    Married  Bessie  Riffel,  June  18,  1896. 

570.  Edmund  B.  Smith,  teacher  of  mathematics,  5474  Greenwood  Ave., 
Chicago.     St.  University  of  Chicago,   1897-98;    prin.  Heyworth,   1886-87; 
prin.   Shawneetown,   1888-91;    supt.   Normal,   1891-96;    Hyde  Park  h.   s., 
i898-date.    Married  Florence  M.  Gaston  (See  No.  545),  1890. 

571.  James   William   Tavener,   poultry   raiser,   Normal.     Prin.   Wil- 
liamsville,  2  yrs. ;    supt.  LeRoy,  2  yrs. ;    prin.  ward  sch.,   Bloomington  2 
yrs.;   supt.  Chillicothe,  2.yrs.    Married  Ida  Mary  Booth,  Feb.  20,  1876. 

572.  Washington   Wilson,   head   of   dept.   of   education,    Bellingham, 
Wash.     St.  Clark  Univ.,  summer  1897.     Univ.  of  Cal.,  1898-1900;    prin. 
Coronado,  Cal.,  1888-90;    head  of  training  School,  State  Normal,  Chico, 
Cal.,  1890-91 ;    asst.  in  science,  Chico,  1891-93 ;    department  of  education, 
Chico,  1893-97;    head  of  department  of  education,  State  Normal,  Belling- 
ham, Wash.,  looo-date.    Married  Margaret  H.  Chaplin,  March,  1880. 

HIGH    SCHOOL   l888 

107.    M.  Sophie  Barry  (See  No.  539). 
*io8.     Fannie  B.  Cheney.    Deceased. 

109.    Laura  McCurdy,  414  E.  Grove  St.,  Bloomington. 
fno.    Josie  L.  Roberts  (Mrs.  Harry  A.  Bent),  Oglesby,  Battle  Creek, 
Mich.,  h.  s.,  i  yr. 

*m.     Clarence  C.  Carroll,  died,  1902. 

112.  Dexter  W.  Fales,  physician,  78  T  St.,  N.W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Grad.  Medical  Sch.  of  Geo.  Washington  Univ. ;    asst.  prin.  Chenoa  h.  s., 
1890-92 ;    Commanding  Officer  of  Ambulance    Corps  of  National  Guard, 
D.  C,  10  yrs.    Married  Dr.  Ella  R.  House. 

113.  Hanan  McCarrel  (See  No.  561). 

114.  Walter  G.  Porter,  Onawa,  Iowa. 

CLASS  OF  1889 

573.  M.  Kate  Bigham   (Mrs.  Howard  S.  Erode),  433  E.  Alder  St., 
Walla  Walla,  Wash.    Seattle,  Wash.,  1889-93.    Married  H.  S.  Erode  (See 
No.  558),  Aug.  30,  1893. 

*574.    Anna  M.  Brisbane,  died  Aug.,  1891.    Taught  2  yrs. 

575.  Margaret   H.   Brown    (Mrs.   William   Aldrich),   519   High    St., 
Keokuk,  la.    Asst.  h.  s.  Kansas,  1889-92;  Athens,  1892-94.     Married,  July 
14,  1891.     (See  No.  584.) 

576.  Margaret  Burns  (Mrs.  William  H.  Shry),  Porterville,  Cal.   De- 
Kalb,  i  yr.,  and  in  California  schools,  2  yrs.    Married,  Dec.  30,  1891. 

577.  Luella  M.   Denman   (Mrs.  Albert  S.  Hanna),   Sagamore  Ave., 
Hollis,  L.  I.,  N.  Y.     St.  Smith  College,  1889-91 ;    Univ.  of  Mich.,  1892-93 ; 
prin.,  h.  s.,  Hillsboro,  1891-92;    English  in  Wesleyan  Univ.,  Bloomington, 
1893-98.    Married  Nov.  24,  1898. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  291 

t57&  Florence  Guthrie  (Mrs.  James  Hutchings),  596  C  St.,  San 
Bernardino,  Cal.  DeKalb,  I  yr. ;  Cajon,  Cal.,  3  yrs.;  San  Bernardino, 
Cal.,  3  yrs. 

579.  Estelle  L.  Hurd  (Mrs.  Melville  A.  Adams),  ElPaso.    Grammar 
sch.,  ElPaso,  1889-93.    Married,  Dec.  26,  1893. 

580.  Elizabeth  K.  McElroy   (Mrs.  Rishel),  teaching,  Velarde,  N.  M. 
St.   Summer  sch.,  Las  .Vegas,  N.    M.,   1900;    taught,  Harvard,   1889-90; 
Rankin,   1890-91;    Towanda,   1891-92;    Normal,   1892-93;    Marengo,   1893- 
95;   Velarde,  N.  M.,  1895 — ;   pub.  articles  in  School  and  Home  Education 
and  missionary  periodicals.     Married  Warren  H.  Rishel   (See  No.  889), 
Aug.  7,  1890. 

581.  Cora  F.  Philbrook,  Normal.    Lostant,  i  yr. ;   Normal,  4  yrs. 

582.  Sarah  L.   Saltsman   (Mrs.  Wallace  Bright  Rhea),  mo  N.  Ev- 
ans St.,  Bloomington. 

1583.    Minnie  E.  Wilson,  missionary  in  China,  3*A  yrs. 

584.  William  Aldrich,  supt.  schools,  424  N.  6th  St.,  Keokuk,  la.     St. 
Univ.  of  Mich.,  i  yr. ;    summers,  Univ.  of  Chicago ;    prin.  Kansas,  3  yrs. ; 
Athens,  2  yrs. ;    prin.  Keokuk,   la,,   9  yrs. ;  supt.   Keokuk,    la.,   i9O4-date. 
Married  Margaret  H.  Brown  (See  No.  575),  July,  1891. 

585.  Sherman  Cass,  supt.,  Tolono.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  3  yrs. ;    prin. 
h.  s.,  Hoopeston,  I   yr. ;    supt.  Homer,  4  yrs. ;    Kirkwood,  3  yrs. ;    prin. 
twp.  h.  s.,  Nauvoo,  4  yrs. ;    science  h.  s.,  Urbana,  I  yr. ;    secured  life  cer- 
tificate, 1894.    Married  Maude  Evans,  July  8,  1898. 

586.  Charles  M.  Fleming,  county  supt.,  Shelby  Co.,  Shelbyville.  Prin. 
Cawen,  i  yr. ;   prin.  Moweaqua,  i  yr. ;   Robinson  h.  s.,  i  yr. ;   Lakewood,  2 
yrs. ;    Stewardson,  6  yrs ;    co.  supt.  i9O2-date.     Married  Anna  M.  Ruch, 
1883. 

587.  Enoch  A.  Fritter,  pres.  Univ.  of  Middle  Tennessee,  Tullahoma, 
Tenn.     Findlay  College,  1890-93;    Univ.  of  Chicago,  1897;    Univ.  of  111., 
1902-05;   supt.  Assumption,  1885-87;  Warren,  1887-90;   prin.  Normal  dept., 
Findlay  College,  1890-2;    supt.  Monticello,  1893-96;    supt.  Normal,   1896- 
1906;  pres.  Univ.  Middle  Tenn.,  I9o6-date;  pub.  Literature  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Century,  A   Trip  Down  the  Sangamon  River,  The  Bible  Among 
Books.    Married  Margaret  Addie  Mauzey,  1877. 

588.  William    J.    Galbraith,    lawyer,    Calumet,    Mich.      St.    Univ.    of 
Mich.,  1890-94 ;   prin.  h.  s.,  Gardner,  1889-91 ;   prin.  elem.  sch.,  Little  Rock, 
Ark.,  1894-95;    English  in  Wisconsin  State  Normal,  1895-98;   rep.  ist  Dist. 
Houghton  Co.,  Mich.,  6  yrs. ;    pub.  Civ il  Gov'i  of  Arkansas  and  Nation, 
1896.     Married  Kate  S.  Parker,  1890. 

589.  Richard   Heyward,   supt.   city  sch.,  Langdon,   N.  Dak.     Leland 
Stanford  Univ.,  1894-5  >   Univ.  of  Chicago,  summer,  1897 ;    Univ.  of  Wis., 
1898-1900;    prin.  Creston,  1889-94;    prin.  Yorkville,  1895-98;    supt.  Lang- 
don, N.  Dak.,  i9OO-date.    Married  Mary  M.  Griggs,  June  29,  1892. 

590.  Albert  E.  Jones,  teacher  in  University,  Lansing,  Mich.     Taught 
9  yrs. 

591.  George  A.  Weldon,  special  examiner,  Bureau  of  Pensions,  2732 
I2th  St.  N.  E.,  Washington,  D.  C.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1901.     National 
Law  Sch.,  Washington,  D.  C.,  1902-1905 ;   L.L.  B.  and  L.L  M. ;   prin.  Gol- 
conda,  1889-1891;    Shawneetown,  1891-93;    supt.  Pontiac,  1894-1899;    elem. 
sch.  teacher,  Chicago,  1899-1902.    Married  Maud  McKibben,  1895. 

592.  Frank  L.  Young,  lawyer,  934-938  Tremont  Bldg.,  Boston,  Mass. 
St.  Harvard  College,  1889-93 ',   grad.  Harvard  Law  Sch.,  1896. 


292  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

HIGH  SCHOOL  1889 

115.  Luella  M.  Denman  (Mrs.  Hanna)   (See  No.  577). 

116.  Sarah  L.  Saltsman  (Mrs.  Rhea)   (See  No.  582). 

117.  Lemuel  F.  Buck,  dentist,  1220  Masonic  Temple,  Chicago;  home, 
La  Grange.    St.  Chicago  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  1891-92;  taught,  Mo- 
weaqua,  1889-91.    Married  Sadie  A.  Cottrell,  Sycamore,  1893. 

118.  Clifford   H.    Coolidge,    proprietor   of    Leader    Laundry,    Bloom- 
ington.    Married  Frances  Josephine  Smith,  May  6,  1906. 

119.  G.   Francis  Dullam,  lawyer,  Bismarck,  N.   D.     Grad.  Univ.  of 
Minn.,  1893.    Married  Edna  W.  Dennis,  Oct.  5,  1905. 

120.  Lucien  H.  Gilmore,  prof,  of  physics  and  electrical  engineering, 
33  N.  Euclid  Ave.,  Pasadena,  Cal.     St.  Rose  Polytechnic  Institute,  1890-1 ; 
Leland  Stanford  Univ.,  1891-4;    Univ.  of  Chicago,  1898-9;    asst.  in  physics 
Leland  Stanford  Univ.,  1894-5 !    prof.  Throop  Polytechnic  Institute,  1895- 
date.    Married  Edith  Richards  Williams,  Oakland,  Cal.,  March  28,  1905. 

121.  Theodore  L.  Harley,  teacher,  Chicago.     Grad.  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege,  1893 ;    received  degree  of  A.M.   from  Harvard   Univ. ;    prin.  h.   s. 
Olney,  1894-96;   Bloomington  h.  s.  instructor,  1896-98;    instructor  in  Eng- 
lish in  Hyde  Park  h.  s.,  i898-date.    Married  Margaret  Norris,  1897. 

122.  Joseph  Manley,  instructor  in  Greek,  Marietta,  O.     Grad.  Har- 
vard College,  1893 ;    instructor  in  Greek,  Marietta  College,  i893-date.  Mar- 
ried Florence  Lane,  1901. 

123.  Edmund    B.    McCormick,    professor   of    mechanical    engineering 
and  supt.  of  shops,  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhattan,  Kan. 
St.  Mass.  Inst.  of  Technology,  1893-97;  asst.  mechan.  engineer,  Montana 
Agricultural  College,  1898-1900;    present  position  igoo-date;    federal  gov't 
road  expert,  Kansas.    Married  Jeannette  Maxey,  1899. 

124.  Brainard  Lee  Spence,  real  estate  broker,  467  Ninth  St.,  Oakland, 
Cal.    Married  Ida  B.  Smith,  Aug.  30,  1892. 

125.  Harry   Weber,    lawyer,    1500   Chicago   Title   and    Trust    Bldg., 
Chicago. 

CLASS  OF  1890 

593.  Julia  M.  Case  (Mrs.  Barth),  Paw  Paw,  R.  F.  D.  No.  2.    Rural 
sch.,  3  yrs. ;    second  primary,  i  yr.    Married  Christopher  Barth,  1004. 

594.  Mary  Rice  Cleveland,  teacher,  2520  N.  42  Court,  Irving  Park, 
Chicago.    Greenview,  2  yrs. ;   Irving  Park  Sch.,  Chicago,  1 1  yrs. 

*595-    Alfaretta  Fisher,  died,  1902.    Taught  8  yrs. 

596.  Nancy   Lee   Foley    (Mrs.   Luce),  308   Maple   Ave.,   Oak   Park. 
Grade  teacher,  Oak  Park,  5  yrs. ;   treas.  of  Ladies'  Board  of  Managers  of 
Central   Baptist   Orphanage,   10  yrs.     Married   Frederick  A.   Luce,   Oct. 
17,  1895- 

597.  Minnie   L.    Gay    (Mrs.   Jesse   P.   Osborne),   1434   Euclid   Ave., 
Santa  Barbara,  Cal.     Country  sch.  McLean  Co.,  1890-91 ;    Tazewell  Co., 
I89i-93 ;    prin.  h.  s.,  LeRoy,  1893-94;    prin.  training  sch.,  Southland  Col- 
lege and  Normal  Sch.,  Southland,  Ark.,  1894-96;    prin.  Mission  Sch.,  Mo- 
roni, Utah,  1902-03.     Married,  May  31,  1904. 

598.  Honor  Hubbard  (Mrs.  Louis  B.  Easton),  540  S.  Marengo  Ave., 
Pasadena,  Cal.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1897-8 ;    Chautauqua  Univ. ;   prin.  Morris 
h.  s.,  1890-1 ;    teacher  of  literature  and  history,  Berea  College,  Ky.,  1891- 
93;  Woodstock  h.  s.,  1893-5.    Married,  1893  (See  No.  618). 

599.  Rose  W.  Humphrey,  Normal.    St.  Pratt  Art  Institute,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  1890-92 ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Crystal  Lake,  2  yrs. ;  supervisor  of  drawing, 
Maquoketa,  Iowa,  1902-03 ;   LaGrange,  1903-4 ;    Neenah,  Wis.,  4  yrs. 


ILUNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  2')3 

fboo.    Hattie  H.  Lischnewski,  address  unknown. 

601.  Alice  J.  Patterson,  teaching,  Normal.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago. 
1896-97;  summers,  1898,  99,  1001 ;  Wheaton  h.  s.,  1890-94;  prin.  Fair- 
bury  h.  s.,  1895-96 ;  science  teacher,  Normal  h.  s.,  1897-1905 ;  teacher  of 
nature  study,  I.S.N.U.,  iox)6-date;  pub.  The  Spinner  Family. 

t6o2.     Thirza  M.  Pierce,  missionary,  Kiukiang,  China.     Taught  2  yrs. 

603.  Cora  M.  Porterfield,  teaching,  510  N.  Sixth  St.,  Maywood.     St. 
Univ.  of  Chicago,  1893-97;    same,  1902-03;    Bryn  Mawr  College,  1900-01; 
resigned  fellowship  in  Latin,  same,  1902 ;    teacher  of  languages,  Rice  Col- 
legiate Inst,  1890-93;    Latin  and  Greek,  same,  1898-99;    Latin  and  Greek, 
Chicago  Prep.  Sch.,  1893-5,  a°d  1898;    same,  Milwaukee-Downer  College, 
1901-02;  Latin  and  Eng.  in  twp.  h.  s.,  Biggsville,  1906 — ;  pub.articles  in 
The  Classical  Review  and  The  Classical  Journal. 

604.  Margaret  C.  Power,  science  teacher,  Pontiac.     St.  Univ.  of  111 
and  Univ.  of  Chicago,  during  summers ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Odell,  4  yrs. ;    prin. 
h.  s.,  Chester,  i  yr. ;   teacher  twp.  h.  s.,  Pontiac,  1895 — . 

605.  Annie  Laurie  Renshaw   (Mrs.  Jesse  Frazeur),  teaching,  Green 
Hall  Univ.  of  Chicago.     St.  Tufts  College,  Mass.,  1892-4;    Univ.  of  Chi- 
cago, 1901;    Hinsdale  h.   s.,   1894-5;    Hillside  Home  Sch.,  Wis.,   1895-98: 
Aurora  h.  s.,  1898-1905 ;    Lake  View  h.  s.,  Chicago,   iox>5-date.     Married 
July,  1890  (See  H.  S.  No.  132). 

606.  Lavina  E.  Roberts,  farming,  Pearl.    Business  manager  and  con- 
trolling editor  of  populist  newspaper;    public  speaker  on  socialistic  ques- 
tion. 

t6o7.    Belle  C.  Robinson,  Mont  Clair.    Taught  il/2  yrs. 

608.  Alice  E.  Smart  (Mrs.  Simcox),  Warren.  Prin.  Scales  Mound, 
2  mos.,  1891.  Married  Charles  R.  Simcox,  April  5,  1900. 

1609.  Maggie  L.  Smith  (Mrs.  Harris  L.  Latham),  1371  W.  Wood  St., 
Decatur.  Formerly  a  missionary  at  Yamada,  Japan. 

610.  Cora  E.  Snider  (Mrs.  Irwin),  1003  Franklin  Ave.,  Normal.   Mar- 
ried Samuel  Pashley  Irwin,  Nov.,  1891. 

611.  Maud  Valentine,  teaching,  The  University  Sch.  for  Boys,  Dear- 
borne  Ave.  and  Elm  St.,  Chicago.     St.  Teachers'  College,  Columbia  Univ., 
N.  Y.,   1900-01;    training  teacher,  I.S.N.U.,   1894-1900;    Univ.   sch.   for 
boys,  Chicago,  1901-04;    Flexner  Sch.,  Louisville,  Ky.,  1904-05;    supervisor 
of  primary  dept,  Univ.  Sch.  for  Boys,  Chicago,  1905 — . 

*6i2.     Nellie  M.  Wheeler,  died,  March  25,  1891. 

613.  Mary  Lou  Whitney,   teaching,  5500  Washington   Blvd.,   Austin 
Station,  Chicago.     St.  Chicago  Univ.  Ex.  Work,  1900-03 ;    Central  Insti- 
tute,   1902-05;    Bradley    Polytechnic,    Peoria,    summer,    1906;    Marseilles, 
1891-92;  Peoria,  1892-96;  elem.  sch.,  Austin,  Chicago,  i896-date. 

614.  Ida  Woods,  teaching,  American  Mission,  Cairo,  Egypt.     St.  in 
Paris,  Hanover,  and  Heidelberg,  1896-97.     Univ.  of  Chicago,  spring  and 
summer,  1898;    rural  sch.,  1891-95;    h.  s.,  Paola,  Kan.,   1898-99;    teacher 
of  German  and  French,  Tarkio,  College,  Tarkio,  Mo.,  1900-05 ;    teacher  in 
Girls'  Boarding  Sch.,  Cairo,  Egypt,  iocs-date. 

615.  Emily   Catherine   Zigler    (Mrs.   James   J.    Coats),    Sterling,   111. 
Country   sch.,    1890-91;     grammar   sch.,    Sterling,    1891-93;    country    sch., 
1893-98.    Married  June  9,  1898. 

616.  Rudolph  H.  H.  Blome,  teaching,  Tempe,  Ariz.    St.  Univ.  of  Jena, 
1897-1900 ;    supt.  Wyoming,  1890-91 ;    prin.  Rice  Collegiate  Institute,  Pax- 
ton,  1892-97 ;   teacher  of  psychology  and  pedagogy,  Normal  school,  Tempe, 
Ariz.,  igoo-date.    Married  Mary  Jane  Pierce,  1882. 

617.  Lyman   W.   Childs,   physician,  420   Rose   Buildg.    Cleveland,   O. 
St.  Western  Reserve   Medical   College,   1891-94;    Univ.   of  Vienna,    1899- 


294  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

1900;  prin.  h.  s.,  Galva,  1890-91;  Medical  Inspector  Cleveland  pub.  sch. ; 
pub.  numerous  articles  on  medical  subjects.  Married  Colene  Hogg,  Parry 
Sound,  Ontario,  Canada,  1902. 

618.  Louis  B.  Easton,  architect,  540  S.  Marengo  Ave.,  Pasadema,  Cal. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,   1897-99;    supt.  Harrington,   1890-92;    Lamont,   1892-93; 
Woodstock,  1894-96;   teacher  of  physics  and  chemistry,  Austin  h.  s.,  1899- 
1904.     Married  Honor  Hubbard  (See  No.  598),  1893. 

619.  Emil   R.   Greabeiel,   teaching,   Naper,   Neb.     Prin.   Elm   Creek, 
Neb.,  3  yrs. ;  Miller,  Neb.,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  Stratton,  Neb.,  3  yrs. ;  prin.  South 
Wilmington,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  Naper,  Neb.,  at  present. 

620.  John  William  Hall,  prof,  of  elem.  education,  Univ.  of  Cincin- 
nati.    St.   Teachers'   College,   Columbia  Univ.,   1901-02;    Univ.   of  Jena, 
1892-95 ;    prin.  gram,   grades,  Normal,  1890-92 ;    assistant  prin.,  Franklin 
sch.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  1895-97;  supt.  training  dept.  Colorado  State  Normal 
1898-1900;    fellow,  Teachers'  College,  Columbia  Univ.,  1900-01;   instructor 
in  psychology,  N.  Y.    Training  Sch.,  1901-05 ;    prof,   of  elem.  education, 
Univ.  of  Cincinnati,  1905-date     Married  Cornelia  Thomas,  Aug  15,  1898. 

621.  Lincoln  E.  Harriss,  elk.  in  Bureau  of  Census,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Prin.  Mpline,  2  yrs. ;    supt.  Oregon,  3  yrs. ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Manitou,  Col.,  2 
yrs. ;    prin.  Austin,  i  yr. ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Rochelle,  i  yr.     Married  Margaret 
E.  Clancy,  May  6,  1901. 

622.  Dudley  G.  Hays,  teaching,  807  Estes  Aye.,  Rogers  Park,  Chi- 
cago.   Univ.  of  Chicago,  1892-96;    Lake  Forest  Univ.,  dept.  of  Law,  1897- 
99;   111.  College  of  Law,  1902-03;   asst.  science  teacher,  I.S.N.U.  1890-91; 
Englewood  h.  s.,  1891-96:    asst.  science  teacher,   Chicago   Normal,   1896- 
1900;    prin.  Arnold  Sch.,  Chicago,  1901-02;    prin.  Kershaw  Sch.,  1902-06; 
prin.    Eugene   Field   Sch.,    I9o6-date;     pub.   Laboratory   Physics,  Nature 
Study  Suggestions  for  the  Grades.     Experimental  Study  of  the  Atmos- 
phere, Experimental  Study  of  Heat.    Married  Emma  Adams,  Dec.  24,  1891. 

623.  Frank  E.  King,  teaching,  Rt.  i,  Geneva,  O.     Prin.  Normal  dept., 
New  Orleans  Univ.,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  Kingston  and  Loda,  2  yrs. ;  taught  in 
Michigan  state,  14  mos. ;   twp.  h.  s.,  Geneva,  O.,  1905 — . 

624.  Charles  Vernon  McReynolds,  farming,  Chico,  Cal.,  R.  F.  D.  No. 
3.     Prin.  Peotone,  1890-91 ;    prin.  Naples,  1891-93 ;    prin.  Maroa,  1893-95 ; 
supt.   Virginia,   1895-97;    supt.   Effingham,    1897-99;    merchant  in  Bloom- 
ington  1899-1906.     Married  Jessie  Edna  Sumner  (See  No.  555),  July  17, 
1890. 

625.  Harry    C.    Metcalf,    teaching,    Tufts    College,    Mass.      Harvard 
Univ.,   1890-04;    Berlin  Univ.,   1894-97;    prof,  of  political  science,  Tufts 
College,  iSgS-date. 

626.  Charles  Alonzq  Perkins,  teaching,  1417  E.  Tenth  Ave.,  Spokane, 
Wash.     Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  Louisville,   Ky.,  1891-2;    Univ.  of 
Chicago,  1894-5 '»    Mission,  Indian  Territory,  i  yr. ;    supt.  Indian  sch.,  I.T., 
2  yrs. ;   Bloomington,  i  yr. ;    Pullman,  Wash.,  2  yrs. ;   prin.  McKinley  Sch., 
Spokane,  Wash.,  i899-date.    Married  Lottie  McMurry,  Aug.  6,  1890. 

t627.    K.  Girard  Whittaker,  insurance  and  real  estate,  E.   St.  Louis. 
Taught  7  yrs. 

628.  Albert  Norval  Young,  co.  supt.,  Rockmont,  Wis.  Univ.  of  Chi- 
cago, 1896-1900;  prin.  Assumption,  2  yrs.;  prin.  Rentand,  3  yrs.;  instruc- 
tor in  biology  and  agriculture,  Superior  Normal  Sch.,  3  yrs. ;  co.  supt.  of 
schools,  Douglas  Co.,  Wis.,  2  yrs. ;  pub.  Regeneration  of  Appendages  in 
Nymphs  of  Agrionidae,  1903.  Married  Bessie  Curtis  (See  No.  632). 

HIGH    SCHOOL   l8ox> 

126.  Iva  May  Durham  (Mrs.  Thomas  Vennard),  prin.  Epworth  Evan- 
gelistic Institute,  3019  Bell  Ave.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Wellesley  College,  1892- 
93;  grammar  orade,  ElPaso,  1890-91;  prin.  Morris,  1891-92;  h.  s.,  Tus- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  295 

tin,    Cal.,    1893;    Epworth   Evangelistic   Institute,    igo2-date;    pub.    Heart 
Purity,  editor  Inasmuch.    Married  June  8,  1904. 

127.  Annie  L.  Glidden,  DeKalb.     Prin.  h.  s.,  Dundee,   i   yr. ;    prin. 
h.  s.  Dwight,  i  yr. ;   proofreader  Rand,  McNally,  Chicago,  3  yrs. ;    teacher 
in  Miss  Talbot's  School,  Chicago,  2  yrs. 

128.  Clara  B.  James   (Mrs.  C.  A.  Herrick),  214  E.  Mt.  Airy  Ave., 
Philadelphia,  Pa.    Univ.  of  Geneva,  Switzerland,  1891-92;    Univ.  of  Leip- 
zig, Germany,  1892-93 ;   Univ.  of  Zurich,  Switzerland,  1893 ;   Friends'  Sch., 
West   Chester,   Pa.,   1893-95  '>    head  of  dept.  German  and  French,  h.  s., 
Holyoke,  Mass.,  1895-97.    Married  June  29,  1897. 

129.  Cora  M.  Porterfield  (See  No.  603). 

130.  May  Skinner   (Mrs.  Parker),  Julesburg,   Col.     Teacher  Illinois 
Wesleyan  College  of  Music,  4  yrs.    Married  Bertrand  D.  Parker  (See  No. 
656),  June  30,  1897. 

131.  Kittie  D.  Wright  (Mrs.  William  Stillhamer),  Ridgeville,  N.  J. 
fi32.    Jesse  L.  Frazeur,  Texas.    Address  unknown. 

J33-    Frank  E.  King  (See  No.  623). 

134.  Silas  Ropp,  real  estate,  Griesheim  Bldg.,  Bloomington,  home  ad- 
dress, 3052  N.  4Oth  Ave.,  Chicago.  Married  Alice  Spikings,  Chicago,  Jan. 
30,  1902. 

ti35.  James  F.  Wilson,  Stuyvesant  H.  S.,  New  York  City.  Academy, 
Knoxville,  i  yr. ;  h.  s.,  Durango,  Col.,  2  yrs. ;  h.  s.,  Denver,  Col.,  i  yr. ; 
DeWitt  Clinton  h.  s.,  N.  Y.  City,  5  yrs. ;  h.  s.  of  Commerce,  N.  Y.  City, 
i  yr. ;  present  position,  1904 — . 


CLASS  OF  1891 

t629.    Trophic  J.  Amerman   (Mrs.  Martin  T.  Snyder),   Flora.     Le- 
Roy,  i  yr. ;   Flora,  i  yr. 

630.  Clara   Belle  Bishop,   Piper   City.     Asst.   prin.   Harvard,    i   yr. ; 
eighth  grade,  Clinton,  i  yr. ;   country  sch.,  Piper  City,  5  yrs. ;    asst.  prin., 
Piper  City,  I  yr. 

631.  Kate  E.  Conover   (Mrs.  Fred  W.  Heidel),  Valley  City,  N.  D. 
Normal  pub.  sch.,  I  yr. ;    Bloomington,   i   yr. ;    West  Port,   Mo.,  2  yrs. ; 
Peculiar,  Mo.,  2  yrs. ;    Valley  City  State  Normal,  i  yr.    Married  July  14, 
1898. 

632.  Bessie  Curtis   (Mrs.  A.  N.  Young),  Rockmont,  Wis.     Normal 
pub.  sch.,  2  yrs. ;    Rutland,  3  yrs. ;    Chicago  city  schools;  3  yrs.     Married, 
June  7,  1893  (See  No.  628). 

633.  Carrie  Elizabeth  Flinn  (Mrs.  Carrie  F.  Moreland),  teaching,  126 
E.  I2th  St.,  North,  Portland,  Ore.     Asst.  h.  s.,  Pana,  2  yrs.;    h.  s.,  No- 
komis,  2  yrs. ;  twp.  h.  s.,  Litchfield,  *A  yr. ;  elem.  sch.,  Portland,  Ore.,  sl/2 
yrs.     Married  Nov.  2,  1897,  to  Wm.  H.  Moreland  (now  deceased). 

634.  Rebecca  A.  Foley  (Mrs.  Keith),  Normal.     T.  Rushville,  2  yrs.; 
Austin,  4  yrs.    Married  John  A.  H.  Keith  (See  No.  755),  June  7,  1900. 

635.  Emma  Hill   (Mrs.  Frank  W.  Lundy),  Stonington.     Rural  sch., 
4  yrs.;    Edinburg,  il/2  yrs.;    West  Point,  Miss.,  1897-98,  1899-1901.     Mar- 
ried, Sept.  8,  1898. 

636.  Grace  Kite   (Mrs.   Edward  J.   Wallis),  French  Village,  RF.D. 
No.  i.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1896;    Univ.  of  111.,  1902;    h.  s.,  Decatur, 
1891-93;   head  of  English  dept,  h.  s.,  East  St.  Louis,  1893-1902.    Married, 
1902. 

637.  Anna  M.  Kienzle   (Mrs.  Fred  M.   Wheeler),  933  Maple  Ave., 
Evanston.     Taught   1891-1894.     Married,   1894. 


296  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

638.  Bessie  A.  McCann  (Mrs.  Worcester),  Columbus,  Ohio.     St  111. 
Wesleyan  Univ.,  1893;    Joliet,   1894-96;    Normal  pub.  sch.,   1896-99;    Ot- 
tawa, 1899-1900.    Married  Wolsey  G.  Worcester,  Oct.  24,  1900. 

639.  Sarah  Ann  McGill  (Mrs.  Frank  Hennen),  teaching,  17  Campbell 
Park,  Chicago.     Yorkville,  4  yrs. ;    Austin,  3  yrs. ;    elem.  sch.,  Chicago,  5 
yrs.    Married,  July  17,  1899. 

640.  Edna  Mettler  (Mrs.  A.  D.  Stowell),  St.  Mary's  Ave.,  Hannibal, 
Mo.     Degree  of  Ph.B.,  from  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1895;    Oak  Park,  1891-92; 
h.  s.,  Oconto,  Wis.,  1895-96.    Married,  Aug.,  1896. 

641.  Alice  Louise  Raymond   (Mrs.  Frederick  H.  Clark),  2405  Pros- 
pect St.,  Berkeley,  Cal.    Vacaville,  Cal.,  1891-92,;  Mt.  Eden,  Cal.,  1892-93; 
Berkley,  Cal.,  1893-96.    Married,  July  10,  1896. 

1642.  Maud  M.  Root,  State  St.,  Marinette,  Wis.  Hinsdale,  5  yrs. ; 
Champion,  Mich.,  I  yr. ;  Marinette,  Wis.,  4  yrs. 

643.  Katherine   G.    Spear    (Mrs.   Harry   S.    Hadfield),  4   St.   James 
Court,  Milwaukee,  Wis.     Critic  teacher,  Normal  sch.,  Whitewater,  Wis., 
1891-93.    Married  June  28,  1893. 

644.  Emma  Spurgeon  (Mrs.  Dixon),  5637  Drexel  Ave.,  Chicago.    St. 
Knox  College  and  Univ.  of  Chicago ;    rural  sch.,  2  yrs.     Married  Joseph 
A.  Dixon,  Nov.  28,  1895  (See  No.  719). 

645.  Lillian    Thompson    (Mrs.    Tucker),    Warrensburg.     Rural    sch. 
near  Warrensburg,   1891-92;    Mechanicsburg,  1892-94.     Married  Cyrus  J. 
Tucker,  June  4,  1896. 

646.  Lucy  E.  Wallace  (Mrs.  G.  W.  Toren),  131  Clark  Ave.,  Chicago. 
Belvidere,  i  yr. ;   Chicago,  8  yrs. 

1647.     Charles  A.  Armstrong,  Hartsburg.     Taught  14  yrs. 

648.  John  H.  Cox,  prof,  of  Eng.  philology,  Morgantown,  W.  Va.     St. 
Brown  Univ.,  1893-97 ;    Harvard  Univ.,  1899-1901 ;   prin.  Western  Springs, 
1891-93 ;    head  of  depts.  of  Eng.   and  bookkeeping,  evening  h.  s.,  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,   1894-97;    educational  director,  23rd  St.  Branch  Y.M.C.A., 
New  York  City,  1897-99;    prof.  Eng.  lit.  Univ.  of  N.  D.,  1901-02;   present 
position,  i9O2-date.    Married  Mrs.  Annie  Bush-Long,  June  28,  1904. 

649.  William  S.  Dewhirst,  clerk  treas.  dept.,  1825  First  St.  N.  W., 
Washington,  D.  C.    Married  Susie  L.  Hodgkins,  Oct.  20,  1897. 

650.  Philip   H.    Erbes,  biologist,   physiologist,  622    N.    Rockwell    St., 
Chicago.     Pub.   Crania-Muscular  Origins   of  Brain  and  Mind;    invented 
"Fairy"  Fireless  Cooker.    Married  Kathryn  O.  Dickhut,  1892. 

651.  James  J.  Ferguson,  teaching,  Wellington.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  sum- 
mer,  1901 ;    prin.  Normal  dept.   Grand    Prairie   Seminary,   1891-97 ;    prin. 
Chebanse,  1897-1900;    supt.  Sheldon,  1900-06;    prin.  Wellington,  I9o6-date. 
Married,  Kate  C.  Freeman,  Dec.  25,  1891. 

652.  Casper  G.  Hanawalt,  physician,  1421  N.  Clark  St.,  Chicago.    De- 
gree of  A.B.  from  Taylor  Univ.,  1897. ;   M.  D.,  from  Rush  Med.  Coll.,  1897 ; 
-XjOjj  oSEDiiQ  asanoD  -pBj3  jsod  !£o6r  'DiuipjCjoj  '^  -^  asjnoD  -pnaS  ;sod 
clinic,  1903 ;  prin.  Mazon,  1891-94.    Married  Myrtle  Small,  1893. 

t653.  William  D.  Hawk,  teacher  German  "Natural  Method,"  Colfax. 
Asst.  prin.  Rockford,  i  yr. ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Freeport,  I  yr. 

654.  Grant  Karr,  teacher  of  principles  of  education,  New  York  Train- 
ing Sch.  for  Teachers,  Manhattan,  ngth  St  and  2nd  Ave.,  New  York 
City.  St.  in  summer  schools  and  at  the  Univ.  of  Jena,  Germany,  1894-99; 
prin.  Monte  Vista,  Col.,  1891-94;  teacher  of  general  method,  State  Nor- 
mal Sch.,  Oswego,  N.  Y. ;  supt.  practice  sch.,  same,  1899-1906;  present 
position,  1906 — ;  pub.  The  Aim  of  Education,  The  Course  of  Study,  The 
Main  Subject  in  the  Course  of  Study,  and  Journal  of  Pedagogy. 


ILUNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  297 

f6ss.    William  H.  Kring,  lawyer,  206  W.  Ave.,  Highland  Park,  Los  An- 
geles, Cal. 

656.  Bertrand  DeRalph  Parker,  Jr.,  real  estate,  Julesburg,  Col.     St. 
Univ.  of  Pa.,  1893-95  5    Univ.  of  Chicago,  one  term,  1899 ;    prin.  Rankin, 
1889-90;    prin.  elem.  sch.,  Springfield,  1891-93;    prin.  h.  s.  Rockford,  1895- 
1904;    prin.   New  Trier  twp.  h.   s.,  Kenilworth,    1904-05.     Married   May 
Skinner  (See  H.  S.  No.  130),  June  30,  1897. 

657.  James  B.  Pollock,  teaching,  308  S.  4th  Ave.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
St.  Univ.  of  Wis.,  1891-94,  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1895-97;    Univ.  Leipzig,  Ger., 
1897-98;    teacher  of  biology   Austin  h.  s.,   1891-5;    instructor   in  botany, 
Univ.  of  Mich.,  1898-1906 ;   asst.  prof,  in  botany  Univ.  of  Mich.,  I9o6-date ; 
pres.   Mich.  Academy  Sci.,    1906-7;    pub.  numerous  articles  on  botanical 
subjects.     Married  Ida  B.  Allen,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  June  24,  1902. 

658.  George  W.  Reid,  supt.  sch.,  Monroe,  La.     Prin.  Tonica,  2  yrs. ; 
supt.  Wenona,  7  yrs. ;   supt.  Homer,  La.,  3  yrs. ;   supt.  Monroe,  La.,  1904 — . 

659  James  J.  Sheppard,  prin.  h.  s.  of  Commerce,  155  W.  65th  St., 
N.  Y.  City.  St.  Harvard,  1891-94;  Columbia,  1897-1900;  N.  Y.  Univ., 
1901-02;  prin.  h.  s.,  Decatur,  1894-97;  head  of  history  dept.,  DeWitt  Clin- 
ton H.  S.,  N.  Y.  City,  1900-02;  present  position,  i9O2-date;  a  prominent 
member  in  educational  association.  Married  Rena  French  Masters,  July 
12,  1905. 

660.  Charles  Crawford  Wilson,  science  teacher,  Jersey  City  h.  s.,  555 
Bramhall  Ave.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  St.  Harvard  Univ.,  1891-94;  Harvard 
summer  sch.,  1896,  97,  and  1901;  N.  Y.  Univ.  Grad.  Sch.,  1896-99;  present 
position,  1894 — J  lecturer  on  science,  Jersey  City  Training  Sch.,  1898 — ; 
vice  prin.  h.  s.,  Jersey  City,  1902 — ;  member  board  of  examiners  for  prin- 
cipals and  teachers,  1903 — . 


HIGH   SCHOOL    1891 

136.  Mellie  E.  Bishop,  critic  teacher,  E.I.S.N.S.,  Charleston.     Nor- 
mal, i  yr. ;    h.  s.  Lacon,  i  yr. ;    h.  s.  Oregon,  i  yr. ;    State  Normal  Sch., 
Monmouth,  Ore.,  i  yr. ;    private  sch.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  6  yrs ;    summer  sch., 
Charleston,  6  wks. ;  present  position,  1905 — . 

137.  Grace  Cheney   (Mrs.  John  F.  Wight),  404  E.  Washington  St., 
Bloomington.    Married  Oct.  19,  1899. 

138.  Agnes    Spofford    Cook    (Mrs.    Gale),   Univ.    of    Chicago.      St. 
Wellesley  College,  1891-93;    Univ.  of  Chicago,  1893-96,  graduate;    asst.  in 
dept.  of  English,  Univ.  of  111.,  1896-98;    pub.  The  Story  of  Ulysses;   The 
Story  of  Achilles  and  Hector;   edited  Sesame  and  Lilies,  and  Last  of  the 
Mohicans;     joint    editor   with    Lida    B.    McMurry    of    several   books    of 
poems.    Married  Henry  Gordon  Gale,  Jan.  5,  1901. 

139.  Rachel  Crpthers,  playwright,  550  Park  Ave.,  New  York  City.     St. 
Wheatcroft  Dramatic  Sch.,  N.  Y.  City ;   teacher  of  dramatic  art  in  Wheat- 
croft  Sch.  of  Acting,  N.  Y.  City,  4  yrs. ;    first  play  "Three  of  Us"  pro- 
duced in  N.  Y.  Oct.  17,  1906,  with  great  success. 

140.  Edna  Mettler  (Mrs.  Stowell)   (See  No.  640). 

141.  Louise  M.  Vickroy   (Mrs.  Rosesteel),  2402  West  Seventh   St., 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.    Married  J.  A.  Rosesteel,  March  5,  1901. 

142.  George  P.  Burns,  teaching,  University  of  Mich.,  Ann  Arbor.     St. 
Ohio  Wesleyan  Univ.,  Delaware,  Ohio,  1896-98 ;   Univ.  of  Munich,  Munich, 
Ger.,  1898-1901;    prin.  New  Berlin,  1891-93;    prin.  Williamsville,  1893-95; 
instructor  in  botany,  Ohio  Wesleyan  Univ.,  1896;    pub.  numerous  botan- 
ical articles.    Married  Nettie  May  Hollington,  June  30,  1898. 

143.  Gary  R.  Colburn  (See  No.  684). 

144.  Philip  H.  Erbes  (See  No.  650). 


298  SEHI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

145.  Charles  Wilson  Mills,  member  of  Clark  &  Mills  Electric  Co.,. 
1444  Mass.  Ave.,  Cambridge,  Mass.     St.  Lawrence  Scientific  sen.,  of  Har- 
vard Univ. ;  teacher  of  physics  in  h.  s.,  Decatur,  1895-96.    Married  Florence 
Naomi  McNeil,  May,  21,  1902. 

146.  William   B.    Moulton,    lawyer,   549   Marquette    Bldg.,   Chicago. 
St.   Stanford  Univ.,   1891-93;    Harvard   College,   1893-95;    Harvard  Law 
Sch.,  1896;   pres.  Illinois  Civil  Service  Commission. 

147.  Bertrand  D.  Parker  (See  No.  656). 
148..    James  B.  Pollock  (See  No.  657). 

149.  James  J.  Sheppard  (See  No.  659). 

150.  Charles  C  Wilson  (See  No.  660). 

CLASS  OF  1892 

661.  Ella  M.  Andrew,  teacher  630  LaSalle  Ave.,  Chicago.     St.  Univ. 
of  Chicago  and  grad.  from  Soper  Sch.  of  Oratory  1896;   Maywood,  i  yr. ; 
Oak  Park,  I  yr. ;  Motley  Sch.,  Chicago,  1894 — . 

662.  Ruth  C.  Bailer  (Mrs.  Mueller),  506  E.  Chestnut  St.,  Blooming- 
ton.     T.  in  schs.  of  Bloomington  iol/2  yrs. ;  Evanston,  \l/2  yrs.     Married 
Rev.  John  H.  Mueller,  1903. 

663.  Alma   Boyer     (Mrs.     Hatch),    DeKalb.    St.     Columbia    Univ.; 
Teachers'  Coll.,  1905-1906;    substitute  in  Oak  Park,   1894-1895.     Married 
Luther  A.  Hatch  (See  No.  689),  June  8,  1893. 

664.  Etta  Brewer,  teaching,  Sandwich.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  sum- 
mer,   1905;    rural   schs.,   5   yrs.;   grammar  grades,   4   yrs.;   prin.    village 
sch.,  I  yr. ;  h.  s.  asst,  I  yr. 

t665.    Mrs.  Caroline  M.  Butterfield  (Mrs.  R.  O.  Butterfield),  1112  Og- 
den  Ave.,  Denver,  Colo.     Taught  2  yrs. 

666.  Florence  J.  Clark,  teacher,  211  N.  Fourth  St.,  DeKalb.  Primary 
critic,  N.I.S.N.S.,  3  yrs.,  same,  Rochester  Normal  Train.  Sch.,  il/z  yrs., 
prin.  North  Sch.,  DeKalb,  i9O2-date. 

t667.    Ellen  R.  Connett  (Mrs.  Detwiler),  Omaha,  Neb.  Taught,  2  yrs. 

668.  Bella  L.   Cook    (Mrs.   Ambrose),   "Belrose   Grove,"   Alhambra, 
C'al.     Sterling,  1892-93;   Saybrook,   1893-94;  Agassiz  Sch.,  Chicago,   1894- 
1901.     Married  James  Clement  Ambrose,  August  22,  1901. 

669.  Etta  Fordyce   (Mrs.  Brent),  408  S.  5th  St.,  Monmouth.     Prin. 
h.   s.   Edwardsville,    1892-96;    h.   s.,   Monmouth,   1896-98;    same,    1902-03. 
Married  W.  W.  Brent,  June  29,  1898. 

670.  Belinda  Ellen   Garrison,   teaching,   Granite   City.     St.   Univ.   of 
111.;  taught  gram,  sch.,  White  Hall;  h.  s.,  Rossville;  h.  s.,  Granite  City. 
Married  Adolphtts  Miller,  1894. 

*67i.  Hattie  J.  Gaston,  died  in  Chicago,  Nov.  3,  1897.  St.  Med.  Dept. 
of  Northwestern  Univ.,  1894  to  time  of  death. 

672.  Cora  Laign   (Mrs.  Rigby),  teaching,  109  So.  Central  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago, Austin  Station;    Oak  Park,  1892-94;    Hinsdale,  1902-03;    Evanston, 
1903-05;  Chicago  elem.  sch.,  1905-07.     Married  James  R.  Rigby,  1894. 

673.  Katherine   E.    McGorray,   teacher,   955    Lincoln   Ave.,   Decatur. 
St.  New  York  Univ.,  1905;  Rushville  h.  s.,  1892-95;  Decatur  h.  s.,  1895- 
date. 

674.  Mary  E.  McGinnis,  teacher,  mo  Armida  Ave.,  Morgan  Park. 
Savanna,  I  yr.,  Evanston,  2  yrs.,  Morgan  Park,  9  yrs. 

675.  Mary  Neff;  Cookman  Institute,  Jacksonville,  Fla.     Grad.  Univ. 
of  111.  1902;  asst.  prin.  h.  s.  Lexington,  1892-94;  prin.  h.  s.  Tracy,  Minn., 
1895-1900;  prin.  h.  s.,  Atlanta,  1902-04;  teacher  of  Eng.  and  sec.  of  faculty 
Cookman  Institute,  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  i9O4-date. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  299 

676.  Jessie  Peasley,  Gen.  Sec.  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  Bay  City,  Mich.     Cort- 
land  primary  grade,  1892-93;  primary,  Bloomington,   1893-1901';  gen.  sec. 
Y.W.C.A.,  554  yrs. 

677.  Phebe  R.  Vail  (Mrs.  English),  Henry.     Rock  Rapids,  la.,  I  yr. ; 
Rochelle,  2  yrs.;  rural  sch.,  Bureau  Co.,  3  mo.     Married  Chas.  N.  Eng- 
lish, Oct.  8,  1902. 

678.  Minnie   Whitham,    prin.   Wm.   Beye    Sch.,   Oak   Park.   Taught 
grades  Oak  Park,  4  yrs. ;  prin.  Oak  Park,  10  yrs. 

679.  James  Eli  Ament,  prin.   State  Normal  Sch.,  Indiana,   Pa.     St. 
at  different  times  in  Chicago,  New  York  City  and  Ann  Arbor;    received 
LL.D.  from  Univ.  of  Ky.,  June  14,  1906 ;  prin.  North  Bend,  Neb.,  1892-93 ; 
supt.  Carroll,  la.,  1893-95  '>  supt.  Rock  Island,  1895-96 ;  pres.  State  Normal 
Sch.,  Alva,  Okla.,  1897-1902;  pres.  State  Normal  Sch.,  Warrensburg,  Mo., 
1904-06;   as  above   1906 — date;  pub.  short  stories  not  under  own  name, 
The    Fourth    Profession    in    Southern    Educational    Review.        Married 
Teresa  Catherine  Welch,  March  3,  1889. 

680.  Francis  G.  Blair,  State  Supt.  of  Public  Instruction,  Springfield. 
St.  Swarthmore  College,  Penn. ;  Sch.  of  Pedagogy,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  supt. 
LeRoy,  1892-95;  prin.  Franklin  sch.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  1897-99;  sup.  of  train- 
ing dept,   E.I.S.N.S.,   Charleston,   1899-1906;    as   above,   1906 — ;    pub. 
Monograph  on  Method  and  various  educational  articles.     Married  Lillian 
Caton,  LeRoy,  June,  1898. 

681.  Edwin  L.  Boyer,  prin.  h.  s.,  Bloomington.     Asst.  h.  s.,  Bloom- 
ington, 4  yrs. ;  prin.  same,  i896-date. 

f682.     R.   Olin  Butterfield,  physician  and  surgeon,   1112  Ogden  Ave. 
Denver,  Colo.    Taught  6  yrs. 

683.  Elmer  Warren  Cavins,  teacher  I.S.N.U.,  Normal.  St.  111.  Wes- 
leyan  Univ.,   1894-95;   Univ.  of  Chicago,    1896-97;   teacher  of  Eng.,  John 
Parr  Sch.,  Chicago,  1896-97;  instructor  I.S.N.U.,  13  yrs.;  sec'y.  of  I.S.N.U. ; 
pub.  two  works  on  penmanship,  one  on  orthography,  reg.  contributor  to 
School  News,  5  yrs.     Married  Gertrude  Cartmell,  1895. 

684.  Cary  Richard  Colburn,  teaching,  Dairoku  Kotogakko,  Okayama, 
Japan.  Degree  of  A.B.  from  Harvard  Col.  1895 ;  LL.B.  from  Harvard  Law 
Sch.,  1899;   Monroe  Inst.,  Monroe  City,  Mo.,   1891-92;  prin.  h.  s.,  West 
Superior,  Wis.,  1895-96;  Eureka  Col.,  1900-03;  asst.  in  dept.  of  education, 
Univ.  of  Cal.,  1904;  English  in  Osaka  Col.  of  Commerce,  Japan,  1904-06; 
Latin  and  English  in  Sixth  Imperial  Higher  Sch.,  Okayama,  Japan,  1906- 
date.     Married  Martha  Dunton,  Sept.  13,  1905. 

685.  Lewis  William  Colwell,  prin.  Linne  Sch.,  1661  North  Troy  St., 
Chicago.  Teacher  and  head  asst.,  Avondale  Sch.,  Chicago,   1892-95,  pres- 
ent position  Jan.,  1895 — date;  pub.  a  series  of  articles  on  Speer's  Arith- 
metic in  Primary  Education,  1897.     Married  Grace  A.  Stryker,  1894. 

686.  Stephen   A.   Douglas   Faris,   supt.   schs.,   Augusta.      Prin.   h.   s., 
Williamsfield,     1892-94;    prin.    Perry,     1894-97;    supt.     Augusta,     1897^ — . 
Married   Minnie   V.   Thomas,   Dec.,    1902. 

687.  William  C.  Fulton,  farmer,  Winfield,  Kan.     Taught  Cazenovia, 
I  yr.;   ElPaso,  i  yr. ;   Roanoke,  I  yr.    Married  Adelaide  Yoekey,  Feb., 1906. 

688.  G.  Charles  Griffiths,  prin.  Motley  Sch.,  5715  Midway  Park,  Aus- 
tin  Sta.,   Chicago.     St.   Illinois   Col.   of  Law ;   supt.   Metamora,    1892-93 ; 
prin.  Robert  Emmet  Sch.,  Chicago,  1893-1903,  as  above  1903 — date.     Mar- 
ried Mary  E.  Wood,  Dec.  25,  1905. 

689.  Luther  A.  Hatch,  prin.  training  sch.,  N.I.S.N.S.,  DeKalb.     St. 
Teachers'  Coll.,  Columbia  Univ.,  1906-07;    prin.  No.  2  sch.,  Moline,  1892- 
94;   prin.  South  sch.,  Oak  Park,  1894-1900;    prin.  as  above,  igoo-date,  ex- 
cept i  yr. ;   married  Alma  Boyer  (See  No.  663),  June  8,  1893. 

690.  Charles  C.   Herren,  farmer,  Yorkville,  R.  F.  D.  No.  3,     Prin. 
Kirkland,  1892-93,  same,  Bristol,  1894-96.     Married  Lillie  V.  Cornell. 


300  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

t6Qi.     Morris  E.  Killam,  Tower  Hill. 

692.  Mack  M.  Lane,  prin.  Paul  Revere  Sch.,  6351  Lexington  Ave., 
Chicago.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1^2  yrs. ;  grade  teacher  Chicago,  2^2  yrs. ; 
prin.  elem.  sch.,  Chicago,  1896 — .  Married  Cora  Bell  Barr,  March  29,  1893. 

f693.  John  B.  Moulton,  teaching,  Monroe  Sch.,  2971  Grand  Ave., 
Chicago.  Chicago  elem.  sch.  1895 . 

694.  Swen  Franklin  Parson,  teacher,  DeKalb.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago, 
1898-99;  prin.  grammar  sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1892-94;  prin.  h.  s.  DeKalb,  1897-98; 
prof.  math.  N.I.S.N.S.,  i899-date.     Married  Lulu  Bradt,  Jan.  31,  1895. 

695.  Royal  W.   Sanders,  with  H.   M.  Johns-Manville  Asbestos   Co., 
New  Orleans,  La.     Grad.  111.  Wesleyan  Law  Sch.,  1902.     St.  Baker's  Bus. 
Coll.,  Bloomington,  1894;  rural  sch.,  Will  Co.,  1892  (2  rnos.)  ;  Homer,  1893 
(5  mos.)  ;   Bloomington,  Jan.,   i895-June,  1896;  Bloomington  h.  s.,  1896- 
Feb.,  1907.     Married  Delia  Soverns,  Sept.  2,  1897. 

696.  William  J.    Sutherland,   teaching  W.I.S.N.S.,   Macomb.        St. 
Univ.  of  Chicago,  summer  1896;  Univ.  of  Wis.,   1899-1900;   Ph.B.  from 
same,    1902 ;   prin.   h.   s.,   Yorkville,    1892-1895 ;    supt.   Oregon,    1895-1901 ; 
supt.  Charleston,  1901-1902;    dept.  of  geography  and  geology,  W.I.S.N.S., 
1902-date;  contributed  to  Journal  Geography,  Educational  Outlook,  School 
and  Home  Education.    Married  Vinnie  M.  Robbins,  Creston,  July  18,  1895. 

697.  Benjamin  F.  Vaughn,  pastor  Christian  church,  Ninnekah,  Okla. 
Prin.  pub.  sch.,  Eureka,  I  yr. ;  same,  Marksville,  Kas.,  i  yr. ;  same,  Gurda 
Springs,   Kas.,   i   yr. ;   minister,    i896-date ;   pub.   short   articles   on   social 
and  religious  subjects.  Married  Mary  E.  O'Brien,  Eureka,  Aug.  30,  1893. 

698.  Charles  F.  Watt,  dentist,  Armington.    St.  Chicago  Coll.  of  Dent. 
Surg.,  1898-1901;  prin.  h.  s.,  Loda,  1892-94;  prin.  h.  s.,  Pawnee,  1895-1898; 
Eng.  in  a  Bus.  Coll.,  1894-1895.    Married  Sallie  Dills,  April  3,  1889. 

HIGH    SCHOOL    1892. 

151.  Grace  E.  Chandler,  music  teacher,  375  W.  8th  Ave.,  Columbus,  O. 

152.  Lura    M.    Eyestone,   student,   Teachers'    Coll.,    Columbia   Univ., 
New  York  City.     St.  Normal  dept.   I.S.N.U.,   1892-93;   Chicago   Normal 
Sch.,  summer  1896;  Columbia  Univ.  summer  1905;  Teachers'  Coll.,  same 
I9o6-date;     teacher,    rural    sch.,    1893-94;     Normal   pub.    sch.,    1894-1901; 
training  teacher  I.S.N.U.,   1901-06. 

ti53.  Enid  Gibson  (Mrs.  Hillegas),  with  Denver  Dry  Goods  Co., 
Denver,  Colo. 

154.  Anna  Gilborne  (Mrs.  Martin  D.  Leopold),  teaching,  Clay  Cen- 
ter, Neb.   Manteno,  1892-93;  prin.  at  North  Kankakee,  1893-94;  rural  schs., 
1894-99;    Fairbury,   1899-1900;    rural  sch.,  1900-01;    St.   Anne,  1901-1902; 
Cabery,   1902-1904;   rural  sch.,   Neb.,   1904-06;   Verona,   Neb.,    1906 — date. 
Married  Martin  D.  Leopold,  July   12,   1904. 

155.  Asenath  Elliott  Grier,  teacher.  Red  Bluff,  Cal.  St.  Univ.  of  Chi- 
cago, 1895-96;  Camp  Point  h.  s.,  1892-94;  teacher  of  Latin  and  Greek,  Lid- 
enwood.  Coll.,  St.  Charles,  Mo.,   1894-95;  Hay  ward,  Wis.  h.  s.,  1897-99; 
Red  Bluff    grades  and  h.  s.,  i9O2-date. 

tis6.    Metta  Huling,  Eureka  Springs,  Ark. 

157.  Walter  H.  Baird,  teacher,  108  E.  Charles  St.,  Springfield.     St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  1903 ;  summer  sessions  same,  1901-1905 ;  LeRoy,  4  yrs. ;  prin. 
Auburn  4  yrs.:  instructor  in  math.  Springfield  h.  s.,  5  yrs.     Married  Es- 
tella  Smith,  LeRoy,  April  30,  1896. 

158.  Arthur   Bassett,   director  Bloomington   Conservatory  of  Music, 
Normal.    Grad.  from  Chicago  Conservatory  1897;  post-grad,  work  in  Chi- 
cago, Paris,  and  London. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  301 

159.  George  W.   Bishop,  teacher,   Kankakee.     Grad.   from  Univ.   of 
111.,  1905 ;  Lacon,  1892-93 ;  twp.  h.  s.,  Streator,  1893-95 ;  biology,  h.  s.,  Bloom- 
ington,  1896-1899;  English  in  Monmouth  State  Normal  Sch.,  Monmouth, 
Ore.,  1900-02;  sciences  in  Southern  Oregon  State  Normal  Sch.,  Ashland, 
1902-03;  prin.  h.  s,  Mt.  Vernon,  Ind.,  1903-04;    h.  s.  Superior,  Wis.,  1904- 
05;  supt.  Peotone,  1905-06;  head  of  science  dept,  Kankakee,  I9o6-date. 

160.  Edgar  Blackburn,  wholesale  brokerage,  Baker  City,  Ore.     Mar- 
ried Bettie  Breck,  Richmond,  Ky.,  June,   1905. 

161.  John  B.  Cleveland,  teacher  of  mathematics,  State  Normal  Sch., 
Los  Angeles,  Calif.    Taught  Kendall,  i  yr. ;  Sheffield,  6  yrs. ;  Kewanee,  2 
yrs. ;  present  position,  —  yrs. 

162.  Herbert  Stephen  Hicks,  lawyer,  cor.  State  and  Main  Sts.,  Rock- 
ford.  St.  Leland  Stanford,  Jr.,  Univ.,  Palo  Alto,  Cal,   1892-96.     Married 
Florence  Gantz,  March  10,  1904. 

163.  Samuel  Holder,  hardware  merchant,  Bloomington. 

164.  Frank  E.  King  (See  No.  623). 

165.  Weldon  E.  Porter,  farmer,  Hampton,  la. 

166.  George    Washington    Riley,    osteopathist,   43    W.    32d    St.,    New 
York  City.     St.  Univ.  of  Penn.  Ph.B.,  1893-96;  Law  Sch.  111.  Wesleyan 
Univ.,  1896  and  1897;  American  Sch.  of  Osteopathy,  Kirksville,  Mo.,  1902- 
04;  supt.  Tiskilwa,  1892-93.    Married  Mrs.  Chloe  C.  Carlock,  June  29,  1904. 

167.  Walter  Dill  Scott,  teacher,  2036  Orrington  Ave.,  Evanston.     St. 
Northwestern    Univ.,    1891-95 ;    McCormick   Theological    Seminary,    1895- 
98;    Leipsig   Univ.,    1898-1900;     rural   sch.     LeRoy,    1889;    asst.   prof,    of 
psychology   and   director   of   the    psychological    laboratory    Northwestern 
Univ.,  igoi-date ;    pub.  Die  Psychologie  der  Triebe,  Halle,  1900,  Theory 
of  Advertising,  Cambridge,   1903,  Psychology  of  Public  Speaking,   Phila., 
1907,  about  50  magazine  articles  on  psychology.     Married  Anna  Marcy 
Miller,  1898. 

CLASS  OF  1893 

699.  Jennie  Bailey  (Mrs.  J.  R.  Metzler),  Orion,  R.F.D.  No.  2.    Mo- 
line,  1894 — Feb.,  1902.       Married  Jesse  Rolland  Metzler,  Feb.  26,   1902. 

700.  Mae  Cook,  Marinette,  Wis.     Taught,  10  yrs. 

701.  Jessie   Helene   Cunningham    (Mrs.    Charles   W.   Whitten),   De- 
Kalb.     Yorkville,   1893-95;   Richmond,  Ind.,    1895-99;   Normal,   1899-1901; 
critic  teacher,   I.S.N.U.,   1901-1904.     Married   Charles   W.   Whitten,    (see 
No.  1097),  June  7,  1904. 

702.  Nettie   Theodosia    Dahl    (Mrs.    Charles    R.    Conklin),    Clifton. 
Peru  h.  s.,  1893-94;   Sterling,  1894-95;  Granville,  1895-99.     Married  July 
30,  1899. 

703.  Jude   Everette   Davis,   teaching,   42   Loomis    St.,    Chicago.     St. 
Martha's  Vinyard  Institute,   Boston,   1895 ;   Univ.  of  Chicago ;   Evanston, 
1894-97;   Decatur,  1897-99;    Wilmette,  1899-1904;    Francis  Scott  Key  Sch., 
Chicago,  i9O4-date. 

704.  Margaretta  Hart,  teacher,  417  N.   7th  Ave.,   Maywood.     Mag- 
nolia,   1893-94;   D.   R.   Cameron    Sch.,   Chicago,    1894-1905;    Julia  Ward 
Howe  Sch.,  1905-date. 

705.  Carrie    Putnam    Herndon,    asst.    in   history,    Miami   Univ.,    Ox- 
ford, O.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1898-1901,  Ph.B.,  1905-06  Ph.M. ;  Morgan 
Park,    1893-96;    prin.    Morgan    Park,    1896-98;    prof,    of    history,    South- 
western, Winfield,  Kan.,  1902-05 ;  present  position,  I9o6-date. 

706.  Lizzie  Irene     Hilton,  teaching,     419   So.  8th  Ave.,     Maywood. 
Prophetstown,    1893-95;   Downer's   Grove,    1895-96;    Maywood,    1896-1900; 
Oak  Park,  1900-date. 


302  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

707.  Georgia  Jackman  Kimball  (Mrs.  William  C.  Windle),  112  Guil- 
ford  St.,  Huntingdon,  Ind.  Mt.  Vernon,  1893-94;  Huntington,  Ind.,   1894- 
96.     Married  William  C.  Windle,  July  21,  1896. 

708.  Marguerite  McElroy    (Mrs.   William   H.   Westbrook),   Paxton. 
Paxton,  1893-95.  Married  October  23,  1895. 

709.  Sarah  Caroline  Parker,  Steward.     Downer's  Grove,  1893-95. 

710.  Edith   Sylvia   Patten,  teacher,  DeKalb.     St.   Univ.  of  Chicago, 
1897  (summer  term),  Univ.  of  Wis.,  1899-1901,  Ph.B.-i9Oi ;  prin.  Cortland, 
1893-95;  Austin,  1895-99;  prin.  Glidden  Sch.  and  critic  teacher,  N.I.S.N.S., 
ipoi-date;  asst.  in  history  dept,  N.I.S.N.S,  summers  1906  and  1907. 

711.  Mary  Weber  (Mrs.  John  W.  Malone),  teacher  English,  Wendell 
Phillips  H.  S,,  Chicago.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1897-1900;  h.  s.,  LaSalle, 
I893-971 :  asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  Chicago  Heights,  1900-03 ;  present  position,  1903- 
date.     Married  June  25,  1905. 

712.  Minnie  Sarepta  Whitaker,  Oak  Park.  Taught,  14  yrs. 

713.  Mrs.  Kate  White  (Mrs.  Dr.  James  O.  White),  Brocton.     Rural 
sch.,  1893-95;  prin.  Brocton,  1895-96;  rural  sch.,  1896-98;  primary,  Broc- 
ton, 1900-1903.     Married  while  in  I.S.N.U. 

714.  Mary  Lucena  Wilcox   (Mrs.  John  Henry),  Aldine,  Tex.     Near 
Barclay,  ^  yr.  Edinburg,  I  yr. 

f7i5.  Jennie  Ruhama  Wright  (Mrs.  Farnsworth),  217  Glorieta  Colon, 
City  of  Mexico.  Taught,  4  years. 

716.  Archibald  John  Alcorn,  physician  and  surgeon,  1145  Tripp  Ave., 
Chicago.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago  and  Jenner  Med.  Coll.,  1896  and  97 ;  Jenner 
Med.  Coll.,  1897,  '98,  '99;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  U.  of  111., 
1899  and  1900;  prin.  Tonica,  1893-94;  prin.  Washburn,  1894-96;  head  sur- 
geon for  several  Chicago  corporations.  Married  Jessie  E.  Wells,  Dec.  26, 
1893- 

t7i7.  Edward  Carl  Backer,  2763  N.  Paulina  St.,  Chicago.  H.  S., 
Carrollton,  I  yr. ;  Ravenswood  sch.,  u  yrs. 

f7i8.  Herman  Thomas  Backer,  furniture  and  undertaking,  Eureka. 
Jerseyville,  i  yr. ;  elem.  sch.,  Chicago,  4  yrs. 

719.  Joseph  Almond  Dixon,  teacher,  5637  Drexel  Ave.,  Chicago.     St. 
Univ.   of   Chicago,    1896-98;    prin.    Roseville,    1893-96;    teacher   math,    in 
Wendell  Phillips  H.  S.,  Chicago,  iSgS-date.   Married  Emma  Spurgeon  (see 
No.  644),  Nov.  28,  1895. 

720.  William  Burgess  Elliott,  farmer,  Williamsfield.     Saybrook,  1893- 
94 ;  prin.  Wyoming,  1894-95 ;  prin,  Altona,  1895-96 ;  sch.  director,  10  yrs. 
Married  Jennette  Armstrong,  Nov.  14,  1888. 

721.  George  Horace  Gaston,  teaching,  425  E.  42nd  St.,  Chicago.     St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  1894-96;  grad.  U.  of  Chicago,  1897;  prin.  Heyworth,  1893-94; 
elem.  sch.,  Chicago,  1898-1902;  Wendell  Phillips  H.  S.,  Chicago,  iox>2-date. 
Married  Mary  Wetmore,   1898. 

722.  William  Luther  Goble,  prin.  h.  s.,  Elgin.  Grad.  from  Univ.  of 
Chicago,  1901 ;  prin.  Gardner,  1893-94 ;  prin.  Kansas,  1895-97 ;  prin.  h.  s., 
Paris,  1897-99;  h.  s.,  Elgin,  1901-05;  prin.  h.  s.,  Elgin,  igos-date.     Mar- 
ried Angie  May  Bradfield,  Aug.  n,  1898. 

723.  Walter  Scott  Goode,  minister,  Youngstown,  Ohio.  St.  Univ.  of 
Chicago,  1898-1900;  rural  sch.,  1891-92;  prin.  Palestine,  1893-98. 

724.  Paul   Ernest  Grabow,  physician  and  surgeon,  iioo  N.   Halsted 
St.,  Chicago.     St.  Col.  Phys.  and  Surgeons,  1898-1902;  prin.  Malta,  1893- 
98 ;  prof.  Therapeutics  Dearborn  Med.  Sch. ;  house  phys.  Children's  Me- 
morial Hospital.    Married  Kittie  B.  Stephens,  Nov.  25,  1893. 

725.  James   Alexander   Hodge,  teacher  Hermann  Raster   Sch.,   70th 
and  Wood  Sts.,  Chicago.    St.  Univ.  of  Chicago  summers  of  1899  and  1900; 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  303 

h.  s.,  Jerseyville,  I  yr. ;  prin.  Maroa,  I  yr. ;  Cherry  Point,  4  yrs. ;  Ells- 
worth, I  yr;  Chicago,  5  yrs.  Married  Angie  Carpenter,  Jan.  6,  1897. 

726.  Warren  Jones,  supt.  schs.,  Elburn.  St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1900-1902; 
degree  A.B. ;  prin.  Divernon,  1893-94  >  New  Canton,  1894-95  '>  Time,  1895- 
96;  Lovington,  1896-98;  prin.  h.  s.,  White  Hall,  1899!;  head  of  dept.  of 
English,  West  H.  S.,  Aurora,  1902-05 ;  supt.  Elburn,  1905-date.  Married 
Anna  W.  Gehring,  Nov.  25,  1896. 

*727.  John  Philip  Merker,  died  April  6,  1900.  Taught  in  h.  s.,  Belle- 
ville, 6  yrs. 

728.  John  Delmar  Murphy,  pastor  Presbyterian  church,  Waynesville. 

729.  William  Sherman  Pierce,  prin.  of  Bay  View  Bus.  Coll.,  358  Park 
PL,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  Aurora  h.  s.,  3  yrs.;  Steinman  Inst.,  Dixon,  I  yr. ; 
prin.  Glen  Ellyn,  4  yrs. ;  Bus.  Coll.  work  in  Chicago  and  Hammond,  Ind., 
2  yrs. ;  pub.  Spellers  That  Teach  to  Spell  and  an  arithmetic.     Married 
Melissa  E.  Foulke,  July  22,  1896. 

730.  William  Donaldson  Scott,  teaching,  Buckley.  St.  I.S.N.U.  sum- 
mer 1895 ;  Univ.  of  111.,  summer  1906 ;  prin.  Grand  Ridge,  2  yrs. ;  Leland, 
4  yrs. ;   LaMoille,   i  yr. ;   Milledgeville,   i  yr. ;   Buckley,  4  yrs.     Married 
Kate  E.  Speechley,  Aug.  6,  1893. 

731.  Herbert  Clark  Waddle,  physician  and  surgeon,  Elgin.  St.  Coll. 
of    Phys.    and    Surgeons,    Chicago,    1899-1903 ;    supt.    Marseilles,    1893-95 ! 
supt.  Vintpn,  la.,  1895-99;  member  of  board  of  education  and  city  phy- 
sician, Elgin.    Married  Alchee  Amret  Case,  Aug.  16,  1894. 

732.  William  Samuel  Wallace,  asst.  bank  cashier,  Savanna.     St.  Ar- 
mour Inst,   1903;  supt.  Henry,  1893-97;   supt.   Savanna,   1897-1902;  prin. 
twp.  h.  s.,  Savanna,  1902-06.    Married  Elizabeth  Horning,  June  20>  1894. 

733.  Henry    Dray    Willard,    book    dealer,    Carbondale.      Prin.    h.    s., 
Beardstown,  I  yr. ;  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  2  yrs. ;  supt.  Fairfield,  3  yrs. ;  supt. 
Winchester,  3  yrs.     Married  Bessie  Morris,  July,  1900. 

HIGH   SCHOOL    1893 

168.  Grace  D.  Aldrich  (Mrs.  W.  H.  Moore),  602  Bradley  Ave.,  Pe- 
oria.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1894-95  >  sec.  training  inst.  Y.W.C. A.,  Chicago, 
1904;  gen.  sec.  Y.W.C.A.,  Charlotte,  N.  C,  1904-06.  Married  W.  H. 
Moore,  Aug.  22,  1906 

tio9.     Nellie  J.  Benson,  802  W.  Mill  St.,  Bloomington. 

170.  Sara  Hall  Clark,  Latin  teacher,  309  E.  Locust  St.,  Bloomington. 
St.  summer  term  I.S.N.U.,  1895 ;  same  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1902,  '03,  and  '05 ; 
h.  s.,  Bloomington,  n  yrs. 

*I7I.     Katie  Pearl  Evans,  died  July  10,  1903 

172.  Junia  M.  Foster  (Mrs.  Barber),  Normal.     St.  Emerson  Coll.  of 
Oratory,  Boston,  1895-98;  Univ.  of  Wis.,  1899-1900;  asst.  prin.  elem.  sch., 
Tustin,  Calif.,  1894-95 ',  private  and  institute  teacher  of  oratory  and  phy- 
sical  culture   in   Colorado,    1898-99.     Married   Frederic  D.    Barber,    Aug. 
27,  1900  (See  No.  748). 

173.  Mrs.  Jesse  Frazeur  (See  No.  605). 

174.  Nellie  I.  Kofoid  (Mrs.  Dillon),  249  N.  Forest  Ave.,  River  For- 
est. Teacher  science  h.  s.,  DeKalb,  i  yr.    Married  William  W.  Dillon,  1901. 

175.  L.   May  Leaton     (Mrs.   Rodman),   587    E.   soth   St.,    Chicago. 
Bloomington  private  sch.,  3  yrs.     Married  Arthur  Rodman,  June  25,  1896. 

*I76.  Alice  Patten,  died  September  n,  1904.  Taught  in  h.  s.,  Bloom- 
ington, 2  yrs.;  Latin  in  State  Normal  Sch.,  DeKalb,  5  yrs. 

177.  Bertha  Rutledge,  teacher,  LeRoy.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  i  sum- 
mer term;  grad.  from  Univ.  of  111.,  1906;  rural  schools,  1893-96;  prin. 
LeRoy  h.  s.,  1896-99;  Harvey,  1899-1904;  prin.  LeRoy  h.  s.,  I9o6-date. 


304  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

178.  Grace  A.   Sealey,   Normal.     St.   Wesleyan  Univ.,   Bloomington, 
1893-94;   Univ.   of   Chicago,   A.B.,    1894-95;    1898-1900;   English  in  h.   s., 
Bloomington,  Jan.,  i897-June,  1898. 

179.  Ethel  L.  Tryner,   1412  North  Main  St.,  Bloomington.  St.  Illi- 
nois Wesleyan  Univ.,  Sept.,  i893-March,  94;  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1895-97; 
Smith  College,  1897-1900. 

180.  William   Henderson   Arbogast,  clergyman,   Sherrard.   St.   Univ. 
of  Chicago,  1894-97;  Moody  Bible  Inst.,  1897-99;  rural  sch.,  1893-94.    Mar- 
ried Alta  M.  Biehl,  Decatur,  June  17,  1903. 

181.  James  H.  Forrester,  attorney,  Taylorville.  St.  Univ.  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, Ph.B.,  1893-95;  county  judge  Christian  Co.,  1902-06. 

182.  John  Philip  Merker  (See  No.  727). 

183.  Cuthbert   F.    Parker,   stock   raising  and   real   estate,  Julesburg, 
Colo.  Co.  supt.  of  schs.,  Sedgwick  Co.,  Colo.,  Jan.,  iSgoXJan.,  1905;  mem- 
ber Colorado  state  legislature  at  present  time.     Married  Maud  E.  Mills, 
March  13,  1901. 

184.  Thomas  L.  Pollock,  attorney  for  the  south,  for  the  Ocean  Ac- 
cident and  Guarantee  Corporation,  717  Macheca  Bldg.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
St.  Univ.  of  Mich. ;  grad.  from  law  dept.  of  111.  Wesleyan  Univ. ;  pres- 
ent position,  1901 — . 

185.  Elmer  I.  Rowell,  real  estate,  Berkeley,  Cal.     St.  Univ.  of  Cal., 
1893-97;  private  sch.,  Sonoma  Valley,  1897-99;  h.  s.,  same,  Jan.-June,  1900; 
h.  s.,  Eureka,  1900-01 ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Martinez,   1901-02 ;  Lowell  H.  S.,  San. 
Francisco,  1902-07.  Married  Delia  Clayton  Pauli,  July  2,  1902. 

186.  Frank  Howard  Wescott,  Lander,  Wyo.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago, 
1894-97,    1900-06;   supt.    Lacon,    1897-1900;    instructor   in  physics,   Armour 
Inst.,    1902-03;   instructor   in   physics   in   the   University   H.   S.,   Chicago, 
1903-05- 

CLASS  OF  1894 

734.  Isabella  Anderson,  teacher,  White  Hall.  St.  I.S.N.U.,  1902-04; 
asst.  h.  s.,  McLean,  1894-99;  prin.  h  s.,  White  Hall,  lo^H-date. 

t735-  Cora  Belle  Barney  (Mrs.  John  Austin  Bellows),  1130  Judson 
Ave.,  Evanston.  Taught  h.  s.,  Yorkville,  I  yr. 

1736.    Willie  Belle  Butler  (Mrs.  Francis),  Joliet.  Taught  3  yrs. 

737.  Augusta  Elizabeth  Corbin,  Elwood.     Rural  sch.,  I  yr.,  Oglesby, 
I  yr.,  Crete,  i  yr. 

738.  Anna   Ethelyn   Gaylord,   teacher,   6441   Harvard   Ave.,   Chicago. 
Rushville,  1894-95,  Plymouth,  1895-99;  elem.  sch.,  Chicago,  i899-date. 

739.  Eleanor    Hampton,   teacher,    4   Elm    St.,    Oshkosh,    Wis.      St. 
Western  Reserve  Univ.,  1898,  Univ.  of  Chicago  summers,  1899-1902,  cor- 
respondence  work  U.   of   C,    1905-06;   Austin,   1894-97;   LaGrange,    1898 
(6  m§.)  ;    private  sch.  and  Normal  class  in  Coll.  for  Women.  Cleveland, 
O.,  1898-99;    River  Forest,  1899-1900,  critic  teacher,  I.S.N.U.,   1900-04; 
dept.  teacher  intermediate  grades,  State  Normal,  Oshkosh,  ioo5-date. 

740.  Eva  Belle  Houser,  Randolph.     St.  Col.  Parker's  Sch.,  Chicago, 
Jan.-April,  1901;  Atlanta,  1894-96;  Bloomington,  1896-99. 

t74i.  Marty  Josephine  McCafferty  (Mrs.  Grove),  Gridley.  Taught  2  yrs. 

742.  Lillian    Semantha    Nelson    (Mrs.   James    S.    Conard),     Dewey, 
R.F.D.  33;  Mackinaw,  1894-1900.    Married  Jan.  i,  1901. 

743.  Evelyn  Peltier,  teacher  Blaine  Sch.,  2155  Clarendon  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago. St.  Univ.  of  Chicago  summer  1900;  teachers'  Coll.,  Univ.  and  Nor- 
mal extension  work;  teacher  in  elem.  sch.,  Chicago,  i894-date. 

744.  Pauline   Marie   Rosalie    Schneider,    governess,   Bluffs.     Taught 
13  yrs. 


ILLINOIS  STATS  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  305 

745.  Charlotte  May  Slocum  (Mrs.  George  C.  Ashman),  129  Elmwood 
Ave.,  Peoria.  St.  Harvard  summer  sch.,  1901;  Evanston,  1894-99;  primary 
critic,  E.I.S.N.S.,  Charleston,  1899-1905.     Married  Sept.  12,  1905. 

746.  Lida  Jane  Smith,  Cooksville.     Asst.  prin.  Lexington,   1895-97; 
prin.  Cooksville.  1898-1903 ;  asst.  prin.  Colfax,  1904-1906. 

747.  Rosa  Waugh,  teaching,  Naperville.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago  sum- 
mers 1900,  1904,  1905,  and  1906;  first  asst.  h.  s.,  Dixon,  1894-97;  prin.  h.  s., 
New  Harmony  Ind.,   1898-1900;  asst.  in  h.  s.,  Cobden,  1900-01;  asst.  in 
Union  Acad.,  Anna,  1901-02;  prin.  Ellaworth  H.  S.,  Naperville,  1902-date. 

748.  Frederick  DeLos  Barber,  instructor  I.S.N.U.,  309  Florence  Ave., 
Normal.     St.  Swarthmore  Coll.,  Pa.,  1895-97;  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1897-98; 
science  teacher,   h.   s.,   Whitewater,  Wis.,    I   yr. ;   teacher  of  physics  and 
chemistry   I.S.N.U.,    i898-date;    Physical   Science   as   Applied   in   Home, 
School,  and  Farm  in  press.    Married  Junia  M.  Foster  (see  H.  S.  Nb.  172), 
Aug.  27,  1900. 

749.  Herbert  Bassett,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  Normal.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago, 
summer,  1898;    Univ.  of  111.,  B.  S.,  1900-02;    Armour  Inst.,  spec,  work  in 
man.  tr.  and  mech.  dnvg.,  1904-05;  Univ.  of  Wis.,  summer,  1905;  t.  pub. 
sch.,  Normal,  1894-95;  El  Paso,  1895-98;  Yorkville,  1898-1900;  Wilmette, 
1903-06;  present  position,  1906 — ;  phys.  and  chem.,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  summer 
terms,  1902,  1903.     Married  Blanche  Worley,  1898. 

750.  Joseph  Grant  Brown,  teacher,  1013  Ramona  St.,  Palo  Alto,  Cal. 
St.  Stanford  Univ.,  1898-1903,  receiving  degrees  of  A.B.  and  A.M. ;  teacher 
of  physics  and  chem.,  I.S.N.U.,  1894-98;  asst.  in  physics,  Stanford  Univ., 
1901-02;  instructor  in  physics,  Stanford  Univ.,  ioo2-date.     Married  Grace 
Nims,  June  30,  1903. 

*75i.  Charles  Dayton  Coley,  died  July  9,  1906.  Prin.  Neoga,  I  yr. ; 
prin.  Oneida,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  twp.  h.  s.,  Edinburg,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  Redmon,  I 
yr. ;  asst.  h.  s.,  Pana,  I  yr. ;  prin,  Penfield,  I  year. 

752.  Thomas  Higdon  Gentle,  director  of  training  sch.,  state  normal, 
Platteville,   Wis.     St.   Univ.   of  Jena,   Germany,   1894-97;   pedagogy  and 
psychology,  2  yrs.,  and  present  position,  7  yrs,  Platteville,  Wis.,  state  Nor- 
mal.   Married  Carrie  M.  Kessler,  Oct.  15,  1892. 

753.  Edward  Clement  Graybill,  merchant,  Clarksburg.     Grad.  Austin 
College,  1900,  and  holds  both  5  yr.  and  life  state  certificate;  Milmine,  i  yr. ; 
prin.  DeLand,  2  yrs ;  prin.  Windsor,  2  yrs ;  Findley,  I  yr. ;  Strasburg,  I  yr. ; 
Stewardson,  4  yrs;  pub.  2Ofh  Century  Optimism  and  Pessimism.    Married 
Agnes  Harrington,  Stewardson,  111.,  1905. 

754.  Albert  Smith  Hanna,  teacher,  Sagamore  Ave.,  Hollis,  N.  Y.    St. 
Lawrence   Scientific   Sch.   of   Harvard   Univ.,    1894-98;   prin.   elem.   sch., 
Springfield,  Mass.,  1898-1901;  teacher  of  Eng.  in  Boston  Central  evening 
h.  s.,  2^  yrs. ;  biology  in  Boys  h.  s.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  4^  yrs. ;  present 
position;    pub.    articles   on   nature   study.      Married    Luella    M.    Denman 
(See  No.  577),  Nov.  24,  1898. 

755-  John  Alexander  Hull  Keith,  head  of  training  dept.  I.S.N.U., 
Normal.  St.  Harvard  Univ.,  1896-99;  prim.  gram,  sch.,  I.S.N.U.  train, 
sch.,  1894-96;  prof,  in  pedagogy  and  asst.  in  psychology,  N.I.S.N.S.,  1899- 
1906,  present  position,  I9o6-date;  pub.  Elementary  Education — Its  Pro- 
cesses and  problems,  1905.  Married  Rebecca  A.  Foley  (See  No.  634),  June 
7,  1900. 

*756.  Wilson  Klingler,  drowned  while  a  student,  Cornell  Univ.,  Dec. 
18,  1898. 

757.  Mason  E.  Knapp,  mgr.  Loveland  Planing  Mill,  Loveland,  Colo. 
Supt.  and  prin.  Braidwood,  1894-96;  prin.  Remington  Sch.,  Fort  Collins, 
Colo.,  1897-99;  U.  S.  Forest  Service,  1905.  Married  Florence  A.  White, 
June  27,  1895. 


30f>  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

758.  Benjamin   Clay  Moore,   supt.   sch.,   McLean   Co.,   Bloomington. 
St.  Univ.  of  I.,  summer  1899,  Harvard  Univ.,  summer  1903;  supt.  Macki- 
naw, 1894-96;  supt.  LeRoy,  1896-1900;  supt.  Lewiston,  1900-05;  supt.  Lex- 
ington, ioo5-Dec.,  1906;    I.S.N.U.  summer  school;    co.  supt.  sch.  McLean 
Co.,  I9o6-date;  pub.  many  articles  in  School  News.     Married  Myrtle  N. 
Search,  June  25,  1896. 

759.  Frederick   Gilbert   Mutterer,   prof.    Indiana  State   Normal   Sch., 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1896-1901 ;  Univ.  of  Berlin,  1903- 
04;  prin.  h.  s.,  Galena,  1894-96;  Latin  and  German  Elgin  Acad.,  Elgin, 
1898-1902 ;  Latin  and  German  Indiana  State  Normal  Sch.,  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.,  iox)2-date. 

*76o.  Curtis  Findley  Pike,  melter,  U.  S.  Assay  Office,  Boise,  Idaho. 
Prin.  sch.,  7  yrs. 

761.  Jacob  W.  Rausch,  lawyer,  Morris.   St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1905 
and  1906;  prin.  Mazon,  1894-96;  city  atty.,  Morris.  Married  Colette  Bea- 
trice McCambridge,  Nov.  6,  1902. 

762.  William  Thomas  Skinner,  teacher,  Crescent  City.     St.  Univ.  of 
111.,   1900-01 ;   prin.   McLean,   1894-96 ;  asst.   h.   s.,   Paxton,   1896-97 ;   prin. 
Loda,   1897-1900;   supt.   Milford,    1901-03;   prin.   Crescent  City,   i9O4-date. 
Married  Carrie  Gray,  Dec.  25,  1899. 

763.  William  Wesley  White,  farming,  Apple  River.     Village  sch.  in 
Wisconsin,  winter  1894  and  '95.  Married  Addie  Nickols,  Platteville,  Wis., 
March  16,  1899. 

HIGH    SCHOOL,    1894 

187.  Effie   Pence   Allspaugh    (Mrs.   James   E.   Wyckoff),    Saybrook. 
Married  May  18,  1899. 

188.  Mrs.  R.  O.  Butterfield  (See  No.  665). 

189.  Charlotte  Briggs  Capen    (Mrs.  Percy  B.  Eckhart),  Kenilworth. 
St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1894-98.  Married  June  6,  1903. 

190.  Stella  Rennie  Eldred,  teaching,  1104  N.  Park  St.,  Bloomington. 
St.  Univ.   of  Chicago,   1894-95  J    Smith  Coll.,   1897-1900,   degree  of  B.L. ; 
primary  sch.,  Joliet,  1895-96;  h.  s.,  Sheffield,  1896-97;  h.  s.,  Harvey,  1900- 
02;  h.  s.,  Bloomington,  1902 — ;   I.S.N.U.  2nd  summer  term,  1906. 

191.  Neffa  N.   Emerson    (Mrs.  Dr.   Irving  Newcomer),   Petersburg. 
Married  1899. 

192.  Florence  B.  Evans,  411  E.  Jefferson  St.,  Bloomington.  St.  Univ. 
of  Chicago,  1894-95. 

193-  Nellie  F.  Goodwin  (Mrs.  Silas  H.  Reid),  205  N.  Evans  St., 
El  Reno,  Okla.  St.  111.  Wesleyan  Coll.  of  Music  and  Bloomington  Coll.  of 
Music,  1895-99.  Married  Jan.  2,  1901. 

194.  Ruth  E.  Moore,  teaching,  508  W.  Washington  St.,  Bloomington. 
St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1894-96,  1901-02;  h.  s.,  Farmer  City,  1896-98;  English 
in  h.  s.,  Bloomington,  1898-1901,  iQO2-date. 

195.  Herma  L.  Mabel  Porterfield  (Mrs.  Arthur  H.  Merrill),  510  N. 
6th  Ave.,  Maywood.  Asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  Wenona,   Dec. — ,  June,   1898;   Ish- 
peming,  Mich.,  1898-99;  Maywood,  1899-1902.     Married  July,  1902. 

196.  Eunice  Farrar  Sater  (Mrs.  Stephen  A.  D.  Harry),  Hoopeston. 
St.  111.  Woman's  Coll.,  1894-95;  Sinclair,  I  yr. ;  Meredosia,  I  yr. ;  Atlanta, 
2  yrs. ;  h.  s.,  Atlanta,  3  yrs. ;  h.  s.,  Hoopeston,  i  yr..    Married  July  14,  1904. 

197.  Rosa  Waugh  (See  No.  747). 

198.  Frank  Puterbaugh  Bachman,  teacher,  Athens,  O.     A.B.  degree 
from  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1896;  Univ.  of  Marburg,  1896-97;  Columbia  Univ., 
1900-02, — degree  Ph.D. ;  h.  s.  Decatur,  1897-98 ;  supr.  of  practice  s.  Valley 
City,  S.D.,  State  Normal  Sch.,  1898-1900;  prof,  of  hist,  and  principles  of  ed- 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  307 

ucation,  Normal  Coll.,  Univ.  of  Ohio,  Athens,  O.,  ioj02-date;  pub.  Princi- 
ples of  Education  and  numerous  articles  on  educational  topics.  Married 
Jessie  G.  Harris,  1904. 

199.  Burl   P.   Baker,   manufacturer's   agent,  404   Granite   Bldg.,    St. 
Louis,  Mo.  Prin.  Pittsfield  H.  S.,  1894-95;  pnn.  h.  s.,  Vandalia,  1895-97; 
supt.  Clyde,  1897-98.    Married  Mary  Hetfield,  1894. 

200.  G.  Gordon  Burnside,  lawyer  and  master  in  chancery,  Vandalia. 
Rural  sch.,  1894-95;  prin.  elem.  s.,  Vandalia,  1895-96;  h.  s.,  Mt.  Vernon, 
1896-97;  prin.  h.  s.,  Vandalia,   1897-99;  admitted  to  the  bar,  June,   1901. 
Married  Jessie  Hickman,  April  19,  1903. 

201.  Alfred  Curtis  LeSourd,  chief  draftsman  Big  Four  R.  R.,  Mt. 
Carmel,  home  address,  Topeka.   St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1899-1903;  rural  schs., 
1894-1899. 

202.  Bert   H.   McCann,   lawyer,   Bloomington.    St.   111.   Wes.    Univ., 
Bloomington,    law    dept.,    1892-94,    degree    LL.B. ;    clerk,    house    of   rep., 
Springfield.     Married  Laura  Seibel,  Bloomington,  Dec.  26,  1900. 

203.  Harry  C.  McCart,  lawyer,  Fort  Worth,  Tex.    St.  Univ.  of  Mich., 
1894-95.    Married  Rose  Margaret  Ellis,  May  17,  1903. 

204.  Charles  C.  Miller,  111.  salesman  for  Robeson  Cutlery  Co.  and 
Rochester  Stamping  Co.  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  1004  W.  Wood  St.,  Decatur. 
Married  Mary  L.  Lewis,  Dec.  15,  1898. 

205.  Frederick  G.  Mutterer  (See  No.  759). 

206.  Ora  M.  Rhodes,  physician  and  surgeon,  Corn  Belt  Bank  Bldg., 
Bloomington.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1894-98,  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons, Chicago,  1898-1901.     Married  Myrtie  J.  Downs,  May  8,  1902. 

207.  Harvey  S.  Smith,  physician,  206  St.  Clair  Ave.,  East  St.  Louis. 
St.  Medical  Coll.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  3  yrs. ;  i  yr.  as  interne  City  Hospital, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. ;    h.  s.,  Paxton,  i  yr. ;    prin.  Tonica,,  i  yr.    Married  Lucy 
Clanahan  (See  No.  803),  June  n,  1902. 

208.  Harry  R.  Spickerman,  physician  and  surgeon,  Muncie,  Ind.     St. 
med.  dept.  Univ.  of  111.,  1894-98.    Married  Lela  Faye  Ogle,  Dec.  24,  1900. 

1209.    J.  William  Taylor,  merchant,  Williamsfield. 

210.  Daniel  Webster  Thompson,  farmer  and  lawyer,  Randolph.    Grad. 
111.  Wes.  Univ.,  Bloomington,   1896;   Pleasant  Hill,   I  yr.     Married  Ella 
Dillon,  June  5,  1900. 

211.  Theodore    Thompson,    physician    and    surgeon,    Shelbyville.    St. 
Rush  Med.  Coll.,  Chicago,  1894-97.     Married  Harriet  L.  Carnahan,  Chi- 
cago, Sept.  18,  1895. 

212.  Ernest  Algier  Thornhill  (See  No.  851). 

CLASS  OF  1895 

764.  Fannie  Bailer  (Mrs.  Griggs),  farming,  DeWitt,  Neb.     Wymore, 
I  yr. ;  near  Barnston,  Neb.,  2  yrs.     Married  L.  D.  Briggs,  1897. 

765.  Mabel  Winslow  Barrett  (Mrs.  E.  O.  Grange),  Wheaton.    York- 
ville  h.  s.,  i  yr. ;    Downer's  Grove,  I  yr. ;    Pekin,  2  yrs. ;    Decatur,  3  yrs. ; 
Whiting,  Ind.,  I  yr. 

766.  Mary  Bertha  Boulter,  teaching,  338  So.  Hermitage  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago. LaGrange,  1895-1906;  elem.  s.,  Chicago,  1906 — . 

767.  Martha  Alice  Grattan,  teaching,  Grand  Forks,  N.  Dak.     West 
Superior,  Wis.,  I  yr. ;  Grand  Forks,,  1897 — . 

768.  Phebe   Hammond    (Mrs.   Hubbard)),   820   Cherry   St.,   Quincy. 
Dixon,  2  yrs.;  rural  sch.,  I  yr.    Married  Samuel  A.  Hubbard,  Oct.  II,  1898. 

769.  Margaret    Hanna     (Mrs.    Haney),    Moline.      Primary    teacher, 
McLean,  1895-96.     Married  Rev.  Richard  Haney,  July  30,  1896. 


308  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

770.  Mary  Emma  Morgan,  physician,  Rock  Island.     Grad.   Coll.  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Chicago,  1900;  taught  at  Keithsburg,  I  yr. 

771.  Eleanor  Maria  Phillips  (Mrs.  Phelps),  Enid,  Okla.     St.  Teach- 
er's Coll.,  Columbia,  Univ.,  1902,  03;  asst.  in  primary,  I.S.N.U.,  1894-95; 
Bloomington,  1895-96;  critic,  primary  dept,  Colorado  State  Normal,  Gree- 
ley,  Colo.,  1896-02;  same,  1903-06.     Married  Kenneth  G.  Phelps,  Aug.  7, 
IQ05- 

772.  Louemma  Raber,  62  High  St.,  Freeport.  Taught  1895-1903. 

773.  Anna  Barbara  Schulte,  teaching,  Chester.     Dixon,  2  yrs. ;  Ches- 
ter, 1898 — . 

774.  Agnes   Marion   Smith    (Mrs.   Thomas   A.   Hillyer),   Moorhead. 
Quaker  Lane,  2  yrs.;   Austin,  i  yr.     (See  No.  782.) 

775.  Laura  Mabel  Thompson   (Mrs.  Faulkner),  Everett,  Wash. 

776.  William    Ross    Cothern,   physician,    Gibson    City.      Grad.    Rush 
Med.  Coll.,  1900;  prin.  h.  s.,  Keithsburg,  i  yr..     Married  Mamie  E.  Mc- 
Chesney,  Minonk,  1896. 

777.  Frederick  George  Curtis,  osteopathic  physician,  1108  Maple  St., 
Mt.  Vernon.     St.  Amer.   Sch.  of  Osteopathy,  Kirksyille,  Mo.,  1899-1901 ; 
prin.  Dolton  Station,  1895-99.    Married  Laura  Hendricks,  Aug.  25,  1891. 

778.  Henry  Hugh  Edmunds,  supt.  sch.,  Rushville.  Supt.  Loving- 
ton,  1895-9$;  Atlanta,  1896-1901;  Rushville,  1901 — .  Married  Emma 
Washburn  (See  No.  880),  1900. 

779.  John  William  Fisher,  supt.  sch.,  Muskogee,  Okla.     St.  Univ.  of 
111.,  summer  1896;  Univ.  of  111.,  1898-1900 — degree  B.S. ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Peru, 
2  yrs. ;  Hiawatha,  Kas.,  I  yr. ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Carlyle,  2  yrs. ;  supt.  Carlyle, 
1903-06;  present  position,  1906 — .    Married  Lula  Ritzman,  1900. 

780.  William  E.  Hedges,  teacher,  6631  Kimbark  Ave.,  Chicago.     St. 
Univ.  of  Chicago,  1901  and  1902 ;  supt.  Macon,  2  yrs. ;  asst.  Scammon  sch., 
Chicago,  5  yrs. ;  prin.  Andrew  Jackson   Sch.,   iox>3-date.     Married  Delia 
Arthur,  Decatur,  Dec.  29,  1897. 

781.  Edward  Richard  Hendricks,  prin.   Monroe   Sch.,   1459  Smalley 
Ct.,  Chicago.  Prof,  of  geog.,  State  Normal  Sch.,  St.  Cloud,  Minn.,  9  yrs. 

782.  Thomas  Arthur  Hillyer,  supt.  training  dept.  State  Normal  Sch., 
Moorhead,  Minn.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1898-1900,  degree  Ph.  B. ;  Har- 
vard  Univ.,    1900-01,   degree  A.M. ;   prin.   h.    s.,   Shelbyville,    i   yr. ;    supt. 
Shelbyville,  2  yrs. ;  present  position,   1901 — .     Married  Agnes  M.  Smith 
(see  No.  774),  1898. 

783.  Samuel    B.    Hirsh,   viee-prin.      W.I.S.N.S.,    Macomb.      Sterling 
(west)    1889-1898;    twp.  h.   s.,   Streator,   1899-1902;    teacher  of   English, 
W.I.S.N.S.,    1902-07;    acting  prin.   of   same,    1905-06.     Married   Alice    S. 
Kent,  1884. 

784.  Joseph   McNichols    Hutchinson,   teacher,   Covington,   Ky.    Supt. 
Wyoming,  4  yrs.;  supt.  Minonk,  I  yr.,;  h.  s.  prin.,  Vandalia,  I  yr. ;  supt., 
Fort  Thomas,  Ky.,  4  yrs. ;  prin.  4th  Dist,  Covington,  Ky.,  iox)5-date.    Mar- 
ried Edith  VanReed  Aug.  3,  1899. 

785.  Granville  Bond  Jeffers,  prin.  teacher's  training  school,  Schenec- 
tady,  N.  Y.    St.  Leland  Stanford,  Jr.,  Univ.,  1900-03 ;  prin.  elem.  s.,  Bloom- 
ington, 1895-97 ;  supr.  intermediate  grades,  Bloomington,  1897-1900 ;  prin. 
elem.  s.,  San  Diego,  Cal.,  1903;  present  position,  igos-date.   Married  M. 
Louise  Toll,  Jan.  12,  1904. 

786.  Frank  Lindley,  lawyer,  Paxton.  St.  Ada  Law  Sch.,  summer  of 
1896;   Gibson  City,  1895-96;  prin.  Buckley,  1896-97.    Married  Julia  B.  Ball, 
Nov.  2,  1900. 

t/87.    Justin  Jay  Love,  Manito.    St.  Univ.  of  111.,  il/2  yrs.;  prin.  Kane, 
2  yrs. ;  prin.  Gays,  3  yrs. ;  prin.  Bethany,  i  yr. ;  Coles  county,  2  yrs. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  309 

788.  George   Edward  Marker,  prof,   in   State  Normal   Sch.,   Cheney, 
Wash.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  A.B.  degree,   1903;   Columbia  Univ.,  A.M.   de- 
gree, 1904;  prin.  Teachers'  Train.  Sch.,  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  I  yr. ;  director 
of  train,   sch.   and   orof.   of  psychology   and   education,   present   location, 
1905 — ;  pub.  How  to  Test  the  Quality  of  Teaching,  1905,  and  other  edu- 
cational articles.     Married  Leila  Webber,  1896. 

789.  Andrew  Huttpn  Melville,  stockman  and  dealer  in   real  estate, 
Lakefield,  Minn.   St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  summers  of  1898  and  '99 ;  prin.  Riv- 
erdale,  I  yr. ;  prin.  grammar  school,  I.S.N.U.,  3  yrs. ;  prin.  practice  school, 
N.I.S.N.S.,  i  yr.     Married  Lydia  Fedder,  1901. 

790.  Chessley  Justin    Posey,   prof,   physical     science,    State     Normal 
Sch.,  Mankato,  Minn.  Degree  of  B.S.  Univ.  of  111.,  1900;  M.S.  from  Univ. 
of  Chicago,  1905 ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Minier,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Sugar  Grove,  I  yr. ; 
supt.  LeRoy,  I  yr. ;  prof,  in  h.  s.,  LaPorte,  Ind.,  2  yrs. ;  present  position, 
1905 — .     Married  Gertrude  Maude  Johnston,  Ft.  Smith,  Ark.,  1903. 

791.  John  Henry  Sawyer,  student,  Univ.  of  111.,  612  W.  111.  St.,  Ur- 
bana.     T.  of  science,  twp.  h.  s.,  Savanna,  2  yrs. ;    co.  supt.  of  schs.,  Coles 
Co.,  4  yrs.    Married  Eva  Mern,  Tuscola,  1899 

792.  Reuben  Tiffany,  lawyer,  109  Lincoln  Ave.,  Freeport.  St.  Chicago 
Law  Sch.,  1899-1900;   prin.  h.  s.,  Neoga,  1895-96;    same  Hanover,  1896-98; 
Married  Edith  Joyce  DeVore,  Jan.  I,  1903. 

793-  Clyde  Renal  Travis,  prof,  of  math.,  State  Normal  Sch.,  May- 
ville,  N.  D.  Degree  of  Ph.B.  from  111.  Wesleyan  Univ.,  1902 ;  prin. 
h.  s.,  Greenfield,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  Manchester,  I  yr. ;  present  position,  1898 — ; 
has  held  various  offices  in  educational  associations.  Married  Jennie  M. 
Spotts,  Fargo,  N.  D.,  1900. 

794.  Thomas  Brinton  Wortman,  farmer  and  stockman,  Okemah,  I.  T. 
Prin.  h.  s.,  Morris,  i  1-3  yrs. ;  prin.  Minooka,  4  yrs.  Married  Emma  B. 
Wilson,  Shelbyville,  1889. 

HIGH   SCHOOL,   1895 

213.  Pearl   L.   Ballard    (Mrs.   George  H.   Frise),   Odell.     Columbus 
Junction,  la.,  1895-96;  rural  sch.,  1897-98;  Elmhurst,  1898-99;  prin.  h.  s., 
Odell,  1899-1901 ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Fairbury,  1901.     Married  Dec.  21,  1901. 

214.  Jessie  Jane  Bullock  (See  No.  798). 

t2is.    May  M.  Cavan,  1214  Linden  Ave.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

216.  Ruah  Coen  (See  No.  805). 

217.  Catherine    L.    Cowles,     1107    E.   Jefferson     St.,     Bloomington. 
Taught,  5  yrs. 

218.  Emma  Fry  (Mrs.  Harry  E.  Gates),  2505  Central  Ave.,  Cheyenne, 
Wyo.     Married  Aug.  19,  1905. 

219.  Harriet  B.  Fyffe  (Mrs.  Richardson),  453  Wyoming  Place,  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.     St.  Leland   Stanford,  Jr.,  Univ.,   1891-95.     Married  E.  L. 
Richardson,  Dec.  9,  1896. 

220.  Daisy  Carver  (Mrs.  Baum),  5573  Delmar  Blvd.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Grad.  Univ.  of  111.,  1899.     Married  H.  W.  Baum,  March  20,  1900. 

t22i.  Lou  R.  Hart  (Mrs.  Thomas  Rees),  St.  Nicholas  hotel,  Spring- 
field. 

f222.     Eleanor  Keady  (Mrs.  John  B.  Graham),  Princeville. 

223.  Sallie  Rhodes  Marshall  (Mrs.  S.  J.  Browning),  Russellville,  Ky. 
Married  Oct.  19,  1904. 

224.  Flora  Thompson    (Mrs.   Manchester),   Normal.   Married  O.  L. 
Manchester,  Dec.  25,  1895. 

225.  James  D.  Allen,  mgr.  L.  C.  Smith  &  Bros.'  Typewriter  Co.,  215 
N.  9th  St.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


310  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

226.  Fred  R.  Baker,  physician,  230  Central  Park  South,  New  York 
Cit-".  Grad.  Williams  Coll.,  1899;  grad.  Coll.  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Columbia   Univ.,   1903 ;    res.   physician  Westchester   Co.   Hospital,   N.   Y., 
15  mos.     Married  Eugenia  Graham  Butler,  July  6,  1904. 

227.  Charles  M.  Barton,  pastor  M.  E.  church,  Waverly.    H.  S.,  Chris- 
man,   1892-93 ;   supt.   Chrismas,   1893-95.     Married  Gertrude  Deffenbaugh, 
Springfield,  Aug.  28,  1901. 

f228.     Claude  Briggs,  prin.  h.  s.,  5  Oak  Ave.,  Aurora.  7th  grade,  Ha- 
vana ;  prin.  Mackinaw,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  W.  Aurora  h.  s.,  4  yrs. 

229.  John  Loring  Cook,  teacher  of  music,  studio  801,  Steinway  Hall, 
Chicago;   home  address,  2058  Magnolia  Ave.,  Edgewater. 

230.  Roy  H.  Dillon,  electrical  engineer,  Normal  or  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1895-97  and  1899-1901. 

231.  John  Thomas  Elliff,  lawyer,  Pekin.    Minier,  i  yr. ;  deputy  circuit 
clerk,  Pekin,  4  yrs.    Married  Imogene  Ewing,  Oct.  6,  1897. 

232.  George   Kenyon   Foster,   teacher,   Casselton,   N.   D.     St.   Univ. 
of  111.,  1895-96;  graduate  student  I.S.N.U.,  1897-99;  A.B.,  Columbia  Univ., 
1899-1901;  teacher  in  h.  s.,  Casselton,  N.  D.,  1901-02;  same,  Fargo,  N.  D., 
1902-03;  supt.  Casselton,  N.  D.,  1903-date. 

f233.    William  T.  Kirk,  218  West  8th  St.,  Des  Moines,  la. 

234.  Ferdinand  C.  McCormick,  physician,  Normal.     Grad.  med.  dept. 
Northwestern   Univ.,    1899;   post  grad.   homeopathic   dept.     Mich.   Univ., 
1904.    Married  Estelle  Katherine  Baker  (See  no.  855),  Oct.,  1901. 

235.  Fred  Russell  McMurry,  with  Western  Tel.  Co.,  2O5th  St.  and 
Mosholu  Parkway,  Fordham,  N.  Y.  City.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1896-97;  grad. 
Columbia  Univ.,  1898 ;  post  grad.  work,  Columbia,  1904-05 ;  teacher  rural 
sch.,  Garden  City,  Kan.,  i  yr.     Married  Nettie  Lawrence,  Oct.  14,  1905. 

236.  Frederick  William  Parker,  dentist,  708  Venetian  Bldg.,  34  Wash- 
ington St.,  res.,  5440  Ridgewood  Ct.,   Chicago.     St.   Northwestern  Univ. 
Dent.   Sch.,    1895-96,    1897-98,    and    1898-09;    demonstrator    Northwestern 
Univ.  Dental   Sch.,   1899-1902;   same,  dental  dept.   Univ.  of  111.,   1902-04; 
same,  Northwestern  Univ.  Dent.  Sch.,  1904-05 ;  pub.  article  on  mastication 
in  Dental  Review,  1905.    Married  Grace  Elizabeth  Peabody,  Sept.  23,  1903. 

237.  Ralph  Waldo  Parker,  trav.  salesman  for  W.  V.  B.  Ames  Co., 
6249   Kimbark   Ave.,    Chicago.      Grad.    from    Northwestern   Univ.    Dental 
Sch.,  Chicago,  1899;  instructor  in  same  school,  1899-1901  and  1903-04;  asst. 
prof.  Sch.  of  Dent.,  U.  of  111.,  1901-03;  present  position  on  account  of  ill- 
health,  1905-date. 

238.  Edward  Percy  Prince  (See  No.  847.) 

239.  Thomas  W.  Tipton,  attorney,  Bloomington. 

CLASS  OF  1896 

795.  Anna  Belle  Arbogast  (Mrs.  Cass),  Danvers.  McLean  Co.,  1895- 
96,  1897-99,  1900-01.     Married  Dr.  William  A.  Cass,  Jan.  15,  1902. 

796.  Sadie  Emma  Arbogast    (Mrs.   Lawrence),   Arrowsmith.     Rural 
schs.,  McLean  Co.,  2  yrs. ;  Secor,  2  yrs. ;  Saybrook,  i  yr.    Married  Samuel 
E.  Lawrence,  Sept.  23,  1903. 

797.  Rose  Bland,  student  U.  of  I.,  904  S.  5th  St.,  Champaign.     St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  summers  1904  and  1906;  same,  1906-07;  Univ.  of  Chicago, 
summer,  1905;    Chrisman  h.  s.,  1896-97;    Sterling  h.  s.,  1897-98;  Assump- 
tion h.  s.,  1898-99;    Normal,  1899-1901;    critic  teacher  I.S.N.U.,  1901-06. 

798.  Jessie  Jane  Bullock,  teaching,  Decatur.     St.  U.  of  I.,  1900,  A.B. ; 
1906,  A.M.;    Dixon  h.  s.,  I  yr. ;  Havana  h.  s.,  I  yr. ;  Mattoon  h.  s.,  I  yr. ; 
Champaign  h.  s.,  4  yrs. ;   Decatur  h.  s.,  i  yr. ;   Charleston  Normal,  3  sum- 
mer terms;  I.S.N.U.,  i  summer  term. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  311 

799.  Flora  Evangeline  Campbell   (Mrs.  Peters,)    193  Franklin  Place, 
Flushing,  L.  I.     St.  Natn'l  Conservatory  of  Dramatic  Art;   Gaffy's  Bus. 
Coll.;  Campbell's  Sch.  of  embalming;  taught  Forrest,  1896-97;  substitute, 
Nyack.  N.  Y.,  I  yr. ;  private  tutor,  i  yr.     Married  Edward  Volney  Peters, 
New  York  City,  February  27,  1907. 

800.  Mrs.   Carrie   Maria   Carpenter,   teaching,   Henry.    St.   in   review 
sch.,  Oregon,  1898;  teacher  in  grades  and  h.  s.,  Henry  n  yrs. 

801.  Lillian  Chenoweth,  Osman.     Cisco,  I  yr;  Forrest,  1897-99. 

802.  Eva  May  Chisholm  (Mrs.  Carr),  427  N.  Ave.,  61,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.    St.  U.  of  I.,  summer  1900;  primary  teacher  State  Inst.  for  the  Deaf, 
1896-1897;  primary  teacher,  1897-1900;  asst.  primary  critic,  Montana  State 
Normal,   1900-1902;  primary  critic  Washington  State  Normal,  1902-1903; 
3   summers'   inst.  work  in   111.   and   Mont.     Married   Herbert   Carr,   Oct. 
28,  1903. 

803.  Lucy  Maud  Clanahan  (Mrs.  Dr.  Harvey  S.  Smith),  206  St.  Clair 
Ave.,  East  St.  Louis;  asst.  in  h.  s.,  Griggsville,  1896-1897.     Married  Dr. 
Harvey  Sydney  Smith  (See  H.  S.  207,  June  n,  1902. 

804.  Myrtle  Clanahan,  912  S.  Fourth  St.,  Springfield.     Pontiac,  1896- 
1898. 

805.  Ruah  Coen,  music  student,  Normal. 
*8o6.     Daisy  Delle  Dickey,  died  in  1902. 

807.  Alice  Irene  Eldred  (Mrs.  Moore),  1104  N.  Park  St.,  Blooming- 
ton.    Married  W.  D.  Moore,  1902. 

808.  Jessie   Agnes   Grainey,   teaching,   Los   Angeles,    Cal.     East   St. 
Louis,  1896-1905;  present  position,  1905 — . 

809.  Emma    Flora   Harpstrite,    545   West   Main    St.,   Decatur.     St. 
James  Milliken  Univ.,  1904-05;  Decatur  schs.,  5  yrs. 

810.  Ella   Mabel    Harris    (Mrs.    Edwards),   2514  6th   Ave.,   Moline. 
Moline,  1896-1905.    Married  Adolph  S.  Edwards,  June  22,  1905. 

811.  Jessie  May  Himes,  teaching.  Charlevoix,  Mich.     St.  Territorial 
Normal  Univ.,  Las  Vegas,  N.  M.,  1898-1900;  Univ.  of  Chicago;  graduated 
from  Coll.  of  Ed.,  1903;  McLean,  1896-1897;  prin.  Santa  Fe  N.  M.,  1897- 
1898;  model  teacher  in  N.  M.  Normal  Univ.,  Las  Vegas,  1898-1902;  West- 
ern Springs,   1903-04;  prin.  county  normal,  Charlevoix,  Mich.,  iox>4-date; 
institute  instructor,  1903-date. 

t8i2.     Mary   Florence   Hobart    (Mrs.    G.    I.    Tracey),   313    Winthrop 
Ave.,  Chicago.  Dixon,  I  yr. ;  Chicago  Heights,  2  yrs. ;  Chicago,  5  yrs. 

813.  Laura  Helen  Holly  (Mrs.  Hanft),  St.  Paul,  Minn.     1st  primary, 
Maywood,  I  yr. ;  h.  s.,  Spring  Valley,  I  yr.     Married  Judge  H.  O.  Hanft, 
June,  1900. 

814.  Charlotte   Marguerite   Kates    (Mrs.   Henry),  0821    Howard   St., 
Chicago.    Melrose  Park,  1896-99.    Married  Hubert  K.  Henry,  Oct.  19,  1899 

815.  Ada  Anna  Kuhns   (Mrs.  Gernon),  608  N.  West.  St.,  Blooming- 
ton.     Minier,    i8g6-April,    1898;    Bloomington,   April,    iSgS-January,    1902. 
Married  Dr.  Talbot  C.  Gernon,  Jan.  29,  1902. 

816.  Marie  Electa  Moulton,  Ledyard,  Iowa.     Mt.  Sterling,  1897-1898; 
prin.  h.  s.,  Assumption,  1899-1900. 

817.  Anna  Caruthers  Nixon  (Mrs.  Stevenson),  Sparta.  Marissa,  1898- 
1901 ;  Ava,  1903-04.    Married  Dr.  J.  B.  Stevenson,  June  6,  1901. 

818.  Pearl   Myrtle   Perry    (Mrs.    Stokes),   Rochelle.     Cornell    (rural 
school),  1893-94;  Forrest,  1896-1897;  Barrington,  1897-98.    Married  George 
C.  Stokes,  June  29,  1898. 

819.  Iva  Mae  Quigg   (Mrs.  McLaughlin),  Minier.     Lexington,  1896- 
1898.     Married  Dr.  S.  M.  McLaughlin,  Oct.  22,  1901. 


312  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

820.  Lela  Belle  Reid   (Mrs.   Barnes),  6828  S.   Park  Ave.,  Chicago. 
Public  sch.  work,  1896-1897.    Married  Joseph  A.  Barnes,  1897. 

821.  Ada  Myrtle  Ruhl,  Palo  Alto,  Cal. 

822.  Mary  Esther   Sabin,  prin.   Haven   Sch.,    1914   Orrington    Ave., 
Evanston.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago;  Haven  Sch.,  Evanston,  i896-date. 

823.  Elizabeth  Taylor  Schaeffer  (Mrs.  Bondurant),  Ft.  Wayne,  Ind. 
Rural  sch.,  1896-1898.     Married  Frank  L.  Bondurant,  Sept.  7,  1898. 

824.  Mary  Minerva  Steagall,  critic  teacher,  Ypsilanti,  Mich.    St.  Univ. 
of  Chicago,  1899-1900;  Univ.  of  Chicago  and  School  of  Ed.,  1903-04;  prin. 
of  h.  schs.,  1896-1900;  5th  grade  critic  teacher,  M.S.N.C.,  1900-03;  h.  s. 
critic,  M.S.N.C,  1904-date. 

825.  Ruby  Linda   Traver,   teaching,  Wheaton.     Elem.    s.,   Wheaton, 
1896 — . 

826.  Jesse  Black,  Jr.,  lawyer,  Pekin.  Rural  schs.,  3  yrs ;  Pekin  h.  s., 

1  yr. ;  member  4ist  general  assembly;  county  and  probate  judge  of  Taze- 
well  county,  4  yrs.,  now  serving  second  term.  Married  Minnie  Elizabeth 
Weyhrich,  April  4,  1905. 

827.  Frank  Smith  Bogardus,  teacher,  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  St.  Univ.  of 
Chicago,  1901  and  1902;    Univ.  of  111.,  1903-04;  prin.  Metamora,  1896-98; 
prin.  Franklin  sch.,  Danville,  1898-99;  prin.  practice  sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1899- 
1903 ;   chair  of  European  History,  Indiana   State  Normal,  Terre   Haute, 
i9O4-date.    Married  Luella  Forden,  June  28,  1898. 

828.  Elzy  Cartwright  Gavins,  teaching,  Hull.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago, 
summer  1902;  Univ.  of  111.,  summer  1904;  prin.  schools,  Neoga,  1896-1900; 
supt.  west  side  schs.,  Batavia,  1900-03 ;  prin.  twp.  h.  s.,  Biggsville,  1903-05 ; 
prin.  Hull,  i9O5-date. 

829.  Albert  Crouse  Cohagan,  supt.  schs.,   Shelbyville.   St.     Univ.  of 
Chicago,  summers  1899-1902;  prin.  Rankin,  1896-1897;  supt.  Mt.  Sterling, 
1897-1902;  supt.  Shelbyville,  i9O2-date.     Married  Helen  M.  Criswell,  Nor- 
mal, Aug.,  1894. 

830.  Alan   DeWain   Cowan,   lawyer,  422   Unity   Bldg.,   Bloomington. 
St.  law  sch.,  Wesleyan  Univ.,  Bloomington. 

831.  Harry  Bert  Fox,  instructor  in  geology,  Univ.   of  111.,  Urbana. 
St.  Univ.  of  111. ;  asst.  h.  s.,  Carrollton,  2  yrs. 

*832.    Lewis  Theron  Gallagher,  died  Dec.  10,  1904.  A.B.,  Univ.  of  111., 
1902 ;  prin.  Tremont,    I   yr. ;    h.   s.,  Carrollton,  2  yrs. ;    Park  City,   Utah, 

2  yrs. ;  supt.  Byron ;  Rose  City,  Mich.,  I  yr. 

t833.     Thomas  Henry   Greaves,    railway  mail   service,    Neoga.      Prin. 
Gays,  3  yrs. ;  Arthur,  2  yrs. ;  Moweaqua,  i  yr. 

834.  Hershel  Edward  Kanaga,  pres.  Western  Bank  and  Trust  Co., 
Wewoka,  I.  T.     Prin.  h.  s.,  ElPaso,  1893-95.     Married  Bernice  Slaugh- 
ter, Sept.  22,  1903. 

835.  William  Ernest  Knott,  freezer  clerk,  Swift's  Plant,  St.  Joseph, 
Mo.    Farmer  City,  2  yrs. ;  prin.  Atwood  h.  s. ;  prin.  Gifford ;  tea.  mathe- 
matics, Asheville,  N.  C.    Married  Bessie  Jinnett  Dawdy,  April  29,  1906. 

836.  Charles    Thomas    Law,    internal    revenue    service,    Peoria.      St. 
I.S.N.U.,  summer  1901;  supt.  Hennepin,  1897-1900;  supt.  Minier,  1900-03; 
Morton,  1903-05 ;  Sheffield,  1905-06.     Married  Carrie  Louise  Fessler,  Aug. 
26,  1902. 

837.  Paul   Harris   Lehman,    Plymouth.      Sunset,     i   yr. ;    rural    sch., 
Quincy,  I  1-3  yrs. ;  asst.  Clayton,  i  yr. ;  prin.  Plainview,  I  yr. ;  Plymouth, 

3  yrs. 

838.  William  Herman  Diedrich  Meier,  city  supt.  Havana.     St.  Har- 
vard Univ.,  summer  1901 ;  prin.  Ipava,  1896-1901 ;  supt.  Griggsville,  1901- 
04;  supt.  Havana,  1904-date;  alderman  Ipava  for  2  terms;  pub.  Meier's 


STATE)  NORMAIv  UNIVERSITY.  313 

Herbarium   and    Plant  Description    (Ginn  &   Co.)       Married    Lizzie   B. 
Campbell,  Riggston,  Oct.  30,  1890. 

839.  Otto  Sylvester  Meyer,  railway  postal  clerk,  5612   Prairie  Ave., 
Chicago.     Prin.  Lombard,  1896-99;   Elizabeth,   1900-02.     Married  Blanche 
Schlosser,  Dec.  20,  1904. 

840.  James   Edward  O'Neil,  grocer,   1102  W.   Chestnut   St.,  Bloom- 
ington. 

841.  John  Thomas  Williams  Page,  bank  cashier,  Pleasant  Lake,  N.  D. 
Prin.  Leeds,  N.  D.,  1896-98;  member  board  of  supervisors  York  twp,  1899; 
chairman  of  same,  1900.  Married  Ella  Mann,  Oct.  12,  1902. 

842.  Joseph  Lewis    Page,    cashier,   Bank    of   Westhope,    N.    D.      St. 
Shurtleff  Coll.,  Upper  Alton,  spring  1897;  at  present  vice-pres.  and  mgr. 
Page  Investment   Co.  of  Westhope,   N.   D.     Married   Anna   M.   Heiden- 
reich,  Feb.  5,  1902. 

843.  Ralph  Plummer  Peairs,  physician  and  surgeon,  498  Murray  Ave., 
Milwaukee,  Wis.  St.  Rush  Med.  Coll.,  1899-1903;  Interne  St.  Mary's  Hos- 
pital, Milwaukee,  1003-1904;  house  surgeon,  Johnston  Emergency  Hospital, 
Milwaukee,   1905 ;  pub.   in  the  Journal  of  the    Amer.  Med.    Association, 
March  31,  1906,  an  article,  "Head  Injuries  Accompanied  by  Intracranial 
Haemorrhage." 

844.  Nelson  Davison  Pike,  ranchman,  Weatherford,  Okla.  Supt.  schs., 
Weatherford,  Okla.,  1899-1903. 

845.  Harry  Brusha  Price,  supt.  schs.,  Fulton.  St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1898- 
1903,  and   1905 ;    111.   Wes.,    1902 ;   prin.   Franklin   Grove,   1896-1901 ;    supt. 
sch.,  Ashton,   1901-06;  present  position,   I9o6-date.     Married  Luella  Tra- 
vis, 1902. 

846.  Charles    Albert    Pricer,   mgr.     Grain   and    Coal    Co.,     Mahomet. 
Prin.  schs.,  Mahomet,  1896-1900;  village  clerk,  sch.  treas.,  tax  collector  and 
cashier  Mahomet  Bank,  at  different  times.    Married  Etta  Possee,  1892. 

847.  Edward  Percy  Prince,  lawyer,  Webster  City,  Iowa.     St.  Univ. 
of  Chicago,  1896-97;  grad.  111.  Wes.  Univ.  law  sch.,  1899-1902;  rural  sch. 
near  Cooksville,  1898-99. 

848.  Edward  William  Quick,  physician,  Appleton,  Wis.  St.  Univ.  of 
Chicago ;  Rush  Med.  Coll. ;  McCormick  Memorial  Institute  for  Infectious 
Diseases ;  prin.  Riverdale,  1896-98 ;  resident  physician,  Cook  Co.  Hospital, 
1903-05 ;     phys.    to   Chicago   Bd.    of   Health ;     pub.   N 'eurofi.br omatosis,   in 
Am.  Jour,  of  Dermatology,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  February,  1907,  and  various 
other  articles  in  medical  journals.. 

849.  Philip  Harmon  Shaub,  Custom  House  clerk,  Federal  Bldg.,  Chi- 
cago, (residence,  Berwyn,  111.)     Prin.  Ohio,  1896-99;  pub.  Substitute  Car- 
rier's Handbook  of  Information;  secy,  and  treas.  Chicago  Club  of  I.S.N.U., 
1907.     Married  Clara  J.  Neis,  Ohio,  Feb.  24,  1903. 

850.  John   Arthur   Strong,  supt.   schools,  Blandinsville.   Prin.   Biggs- 
ville  twp.  h.  s.,  7  yrs. ;  teacher  Galesburg  h.  s.,  2  yrs. ;  supt.  Blandinsville, 
I  yr.     Married  Mabel  I.  Harris,  June  15,  1898. 

851.  Ernest  Algier  Thornhill,  prin.  Telluride  Institute,  Provo,  Utah. 
St.  Harvard  Univ.,  1896-99;  supt.  Carrollton,  1899-1903;  present  position, 
iox>4-date.  Married  Lida  E.  Connole,  June,  1903. 

852.  William  Jackson  Whetzel,  proprietor  and  mgr.   Electric   Light 
Plant,  Eureka.  Downs,  1896-97;   Benson,  i897-December,  1898;   Co.   supt. 
Woodford  county,  December,   i898-December,   1906;   proprietor  and  mgr. 
of  electric  light  plant,  I9o6-date ;  pub.     The  Improvement  of  the  Country 
School.    Married  Hannah  Keller,  Aug.  10,  1897. 

853.  Robert  Edwin  Worley,  medical  missionary.  Swatow,  China.   St. 
Rush   Med.   Coll.,   1899-1903 ;    elem.  s.,  Aurora,   1896-97 ;    prin.  Jefferson 
Park  h.   s.,  El  Paso,    1897-98;    traveling  agt,    for   E.   O.   Vaile,    1898-99. 
Married  Prudence  O.  Campbell,  Aug.  25,  1903. 


314  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

CLASS  OF  1897 

854.  Cora  Ethel  Baker,  teaching,  1173  West  Macon  St.,  Decatur.    St. 
I.S.N.U..  summer  1904;  Moweaqua,  1901-02;  Normal.  1902-03;  rural  sch., 
spring  1904;  Decatur  elem.  s.,  iox>5-date. 

855.  Estelle  Katherine  Baker   (Mrs.  McCormick),  Normal.    Married 
Dr.  Ferd  McCormick,  Oct.,  1901.     (See  H.  S.  234.) 

*8s6.    Harriet  Bland,  died  July  24,  1901.    Colfax,  3  yrs. 

857.  Eva  Belle  Boyce,  teaching,  Bloomington.  Bloomington,  1898-02. 
1858.  Mabel  Anna  Cooper  (Mrs.  Joseph  D.  Mitchell),  Pawhuska, 
Okla.  Maywood,  2  yrs. ;  DeKalb  Normal  Practice  Sch.,  i  yr. ;  Montana 
State  Normal  Sch.,  Dillon,  Mont.,  i  yr. 

1859.    Gertrude  Darby.  Address  unknown. 

*86o.  Etta  Melissa  Fairfield,  died  June,  1906,  Normal.  Bloomington, 
4  yrs. ;  Colorado  Springs,  Colo.,  2^4  yrs. 

861.  Jessie   Felton    (Mrs.   Brittin),    1309   N.   Oak   St.,   Bloomington. 
Married  L.  Hampton  Brittin,  Dec.  28,  1898. 

862.  Grace  Fenton,  teacher,  112  N.  Hazel  St.,  Danville.     St.  Univ.  of 
Chicago,  summer,  1904;  primary  tea.,  Danville,  i897-date. 

t863.  Mary  Fletcher,  teaching,  Milledgeville.  Grade  teacher,  1897- 
1903;  h.  s.  teacher,  1903-07. 

864.  Elizabeth  Twining  Hall,  Downs.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,   1899-1901; 
Univ.  of  Chicago,  summers  1905  and  1906 ;  asst.  h.  s.,  Oregon,  2  yrs. ;  Eng- 
lish in  h.  s.,  Everett,  Wash.,  4  yrs. ;  English  instructor  in  Normal  Sch., 
Pittsburg,  Kas.,  i  yr. 

865.  Emma  Louise  Lee,  teaching,  165  N.  Kedzie  Aye.,  Chicago.     St. 
Univ.  of  Wis.,   1905;   Chicago  Normal  Sch.,  1906;   Barrington,  2j4  yrs.; 
Chicago,  i  yr. ;  pub.     Value  of  Games  in  Schools,      Games — Indoors  and 
Out. 

866.  Myrtle  Margaret  Liggitt  (Mrs.  Ehlers),  in  N.  Oak  Park  Ave., 
Oak  Park.     Maywood,  iSoxj-December,  1900.     Married  Dr.  F.  F.  Ehlers, 
Dec.  25,  1900. 

867.  Blanche  Lurton,  traveling  in  Germany.     Formerly  a  teacher  in 
the  Philippines. 

868.  Edna  Bell  Michaelis  (Mrs.  Chamberlain),  3007  Vine  Grove  Ave., 
St.  Louis,  Mo.     Maywood,  1897-1898;  Lemont,  1898-1900.     Married  Oren 
P.     Chamberlain,  Aug.  6,  1900 

869  Anna  T.  Mitchell,  620  W.  Lawrence  Ave.,  Springfield.  Rural 
sch.,  Sangamon  county,  5  yrs. ;  Cantrall,  2  yrs. ;  Springfield,  I  yr. 

870.  Edith  Belle  Mize,  teaching,  1912  Greenwood  St.,  Pueblo,  Colo. 
Primary  grade,  Danville,  1897-1902;  prim,  grade,  Pueblo,  Colo.,  iox»2-date. 

1871.  Eva  Mary  Moon  (Mrs.  J.  H.  Sawyer),  Charleston.  Bloom- 
ington elem.  sch.,  2  yrs. 

872.  Elsie  Patterson  (Mrs.  Holder),  204  N.  6th  St.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
H.  S.,  Downers'  Grove,  1897-1903.    Married  Vernon  M.  Holder,  July,  1904. 

873.  Alice   Frances   Phillips   (Mrs.   Osborne),  Hood  River,  Oregon. 
Bluffton,  Ind.,  1897-99.     Married  John  Hogarth  Osborne,  April  2,  1902. 

874.  Effie  Melvina  Pike,  teaching,  707  S.   Scoville  Ave.,  Oak  Park. 
St.  in  Univ.  of  Chicago ;  prin.  and  teacher  in  Longfellow  sch.,  Oak  Park, 
1902-1907;  primary  tea.  in  schs.  of  Oak  Park,  April,  i899-date, 

t875.  Wilhelmine  Rhinesmith,  teaching,  1321  Leland  Ave.,  Chicago. 
Mattoon,  —  yrs. ;  Chicago,  8  yrs. 

1876.    Laura  Schlatterer,  Winona,  Minn.    Taught,  3  yrs. 

*877.    Amelia  Alice  Sikkema,  died  at  Belleville,  Sept.  14,  1902. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  315 

878.  Nora  Mae   Simmons    (Mrs.   Dickerson),  440  N  .Lafayette  St., 
Macomb.     Prin.   h.   s.,,   Griggsville,   1897-1901 ;   same,   Carthage,   1901-02 ; 
same,  Pana,  1902-03;  same,  Shelbyville,  1903-05.     Married  O.  M.  Dicker- 
son  (See  No.  1002),  Nov.  10,  1906. 

879.  Bessie  Bedell  Stevenson  (Mrs.  Bertram  Robinson),  Chula  Vista, 
Cal.     Primary  tea.,  Bloomington,  1897-1902.     Married  Bertram  Robinson, 
July  30,  1902. 

880.  Emma  F.  Washburn  (Mrs.  Edmunds),  Rushville.     Atlanta  h.  s., 
I  yr.     Married  Henry  H.  Edmunds  (See  No.  778),  June  14,  1900. 

f88i.     Franklin  Benjamin  Carson. 

882.  John  Calvin  Hall,  supt.  city  schs.,  Whiting,  Ind.     St.  Univ.  of 
111.,  A.B.,  1899-1900;  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1906;  asst.  prin.  Peru  h.  s.,  1897- 
J899;  prin.  h.  s.,  Whiting,  Ind.,   1900-04;   supt.  Whiting,   Ind.,   iox>4-date. 
Married  Grace  M.  Debo,  Aug.  14,  1900. 

883.  Joel  Alva  Harley,  rep.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  Madison,  Wis.     St. 
Univ.  of  Chicago,  1898-99;  prin.  McHenry,  1896;  prin.  and  supt.  Galena, 
1897-98;  prin.  h.  s.,  Riverside,  1900-01;  vice  pres.  Iowa  School  Pub.  Co., 
I9o6-date.     Married  Elizabeth  Jay  Gardner,  June  30,  1897. 

884.  George  Stephen  Hoff,  real  estate  ins.,  and  farm  loans,  309  Dan- 
iel Bldg.,  Danville.     Prin.  ward  sch.,  Ottawa,  111.,  2  mos.     Married  Carrie 
B.  Vinson,  Aug.  28,  1888. 

885.  George  Warren  Hunt,  co.  supt.  and  atty.,  Granville,  111.     Degree 
of  L.L.B.  from  Univ.  of  111.,  1904;  prin.  h.  s.,  Granville,   1898-1901;  co. 
supt.   of  schs.,    Putnam   Co.,    1902-date ;    actice   in   work   of  consolidating 
rural  schools  in  Illinois. 

886.  Riley  Oren  Johnson,  prof,  of  biology,  State  Normal  Sch.,  Chico, 
Cal.    St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1904-06;  prin.  Hindsboro,  1898-99;  Chicago  Vacation 
Schs.,  1899  and  1900   (two  terms)  ;   Chicago  elem.  s.,   1899-1904;  Chicago 
Apprentice  Sch.  (i  term)   1904;  prof,  of  biology,  Chico,  Cal.,  I9o6-date. 

887.  Fred  Granville  Patch,  Roseville.     Prin.  Roseville,  1897-1905. 

888.  Benjamin  Perry,  health  inspector,  853  W.  Monroe  St.,  Chicago. 
Grad.  pharmacy  dept.  of  U.  of  C,  1899-1902;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Chicago,  1903-06;  taught  near  Melvin,  1898-99. 

889.  Warren  Hale  Rishel,  supt.  Echo  Mission  Sch.,  Velarde,  Rio  Ar- 
riba  Co.,  N.  M.    St.  Las  Vegas  Normal  Sch.,  1900  (summer)  ;  supt.  Echo 
Mission,  Velarde,  N.  M.,  i897-date.     Married  Elizabeth  Kaven  McElroy, 
Aug.  7,  1890.     (See  No.  580.) 

890.  Francis  Thompson,  prin.  schs.,  Lansing.    St.  Univ.  Chicago,  1899, 
(summer  term)  ;   Univ.   of  111.,   1904  and    1906    (summers)  ;   prin.   Davis, 
1898-1900;  prin.  West  Harvey,  1900-02;  prin.  Wheeling,  1902-1904;  prin. 
Lansing,  iox>4-date. 

891.  Martin  Lewis   Ullenswang,   teaching,   Albert  Lea,   Minn.     B.S., 
Univ.  of  111.,  1899;   Stoughton  Acad.,  1899-1900;  h.  s.,  Webster  City,  la., 
1900-01;    Luther   Acad.,    Albert   Lea,    Minn.,    igoi-date.      Married    Marie 
Jensen,  1894. 

892.  Winthrop   Selden  Welles,   supt.  sch.,   Park  Ridge.     B.S.,  Univ. 
of  111.,  1901 ;  summer  sch.,  Harvard,  1906 ;  Gifford,  1897-98 ;  prin.  Byron, 
1898-99;   prin.   h.   s.,   Granville,    1901-02;   present  position,    1902 — .    Mar- 
ried Gertrude  A.  Hisel,  Sept.  2,  1897. 

CLASS  OF  1898 

893.  Dorothea  Katherine  Beggs,  prof,  of  German,  Univ.  of  Denver, 
University  Park,  Col.    St.  Univ.  of  Denver,  1898-99;  A.B.,  1906;  Pestalozzi- 
Froebel  Haus,  Berlin.  Ger.,  1900-01 ;  Univ.  of  Berlin,   1905 ;  primary  tea., 
Ft.  Collins,  Colo.,  1899-1900  and  1901-1902;  tea.  German,  h.  s.,  Ft.  Collins,. 


316  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

Colo.,   1902-04;  asst.   in  Ger.  Iowa   State   College,  Ames,  Iowa,   1905-06; 
prof,  of  German,  Univ.  of  Denver,  ioo6-date. 

1894.     Sada  Rosanna  Chicken  (Mrs.  Dr.  Claire  Willett),  Pekin. 

895.  Elizabeth  Taylor  Cleveland,  graduate  nurse,  2520  N.  42d  Court, 
Chicago.     St.  Polyclinic  Training  Sen.,  1901-03 ;  Sheffield,  I  yr. ;  Oglesby, 
2  yrs. ;  graduate  nurse  Chicago,  i9O3-date. 

896.  Annetta   Belle   Cooper,   Normal.     Greenview,    1898-99;   Normal, 
1899-1907. 

897.  Mabel   Maude   Corson    (Mrs.    Burroughs),     Sunnyside,    Wash. 
Prin..  h.  s.,  Winchester,   1898-99;   Normal  grades,   1899-1903;  prin.  h.   s., 
Sunnyside,  Wash.,  1903-05.    Married  Herbert  S.  Burroughs,  June  14,  1905. 

tSoS.  Bessie  Abiah  Cowles  (Mrs.  Dr.  John  A.  Heaton),  741  E.  Main 
St.,  Hoopeston.  Taught,  2  yrs. 

899.  S.  Macy  Curtis  (Mrs.  Lee  Wheeler),  Muskogee,  I.  T. 

900.  Jessie  May  Dillon,  training  teacher,  I.S.N.U.,   Normal.     Rural 
sch.,  1892-94;  primary  dept.  in  Chicago  preparatory  sch.,  1894-96;  tea.  in 
primary  dept  in  I.S.N.U.,  1896-98;  primary  training  tea.  in  State  Normal 
Sch.,  Winona,  Minn.,  1898-99;  asst.  prin.  in  training  sch.,  Saginaw,  Mich., 
1899-1900;  training  tea.  in  I.S.N.U.,  i9OO-date. 

901.  Georgia  Elliott  (Mrs.  Robinson),  Oklahoma  City,  Okla.,  R.F.D. 
No.  ii.    Asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  Genoa,  1898-99;  DeKalb  Normal  Practice  Sch., 
1899-1900;  River  Forest,  1900-01;  Dixon,  1901-1902;  Chickasha,  I.  T.,  1902- 
03.    Married  Tracy  L.  Robinson,  March  4,  1903. 

902.  Nellie  Fincham  (Mrs.  Reedy),  Towanda.     St.  Central  Institute, 
Chicago,  1900-01  and  1902;  elem.  s.,  Chicago,  1898-1906.    Married  Dr.  W. 
H.  Reedy,  June  29,  1905. 

1903.     Margaret  Julia  Frank,  Sterling.    Taught,  1808-1905. 

904.  Adelaide  Antoinette  Grassman,  Belleville.     Tea.  elem.  s.,  Belle- 
ville, 1898-1904;  elem.  s.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  i9O4-date. 

905.  Mrs.   Ellen  Turner    (Reynolds),   Hamblin,   U.   S.   Indian   Sch., 
Phoenix,    Arizona.      Wellington,    Kan.,    1899-1900;     U.    S.    Indian    Sch., 
Phoenix,  Arizona,  4  mos.,  1904.    Married  October  6,  1895. 

006.  Annabel  Humphrey,  teaching,  Normal.  St.  I.S.N.U.,  summer 
1906;  Griggsville,  5th  grade,  1898-99:  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home,  4  mos., 
1906-07. 

t9O7.    Wilhelmine  Kaiser.     Address  unknown.     Taught,  3  yrs. 

foo8.  Carrie  Kerns,  324  E.  44th  St.,  Chicago.  Cleveland,  O.,  2  yrs.; 
Boulder,  Col.,  i  yr. 

909.  Otillie   Lange,  teaching,   Belt,   Mon.     German  and   Amer.   Lit, 
h.  s.  Keokuk,  la.,  1898-1905 ;   present  position,  1905 — . 

910.  Mary  Lentz,  Kewaunee,  Wis.    St.  Univ.  of  Cal.,  1901-02;     Univ. 
of  111.,  1902-1903;    Univ.  of  Wis.   (summer),  1904;    elem.  sch.,  LaPressa, 
Cal.,  1900-1901 ;   h.  s.  Farmer  City,  1903-05 ;   h.  s.,  Kewaunee,  Wis.,  1906- 
date. 

911.  Josephine  Lesem,  485  S.  Clinton  St.,  Chicago.    St.  Univ.  of  Chi- 
cago,  1905-06,  and  '07;    primary  teacher  Quincy,   1898-1901;    elem.   sch., 
Chicago,  looi-date. 

912.  Marien  Ida  Lyons,  teaching,  6338  Ellis  Ave.,  Chicago.    St.  Univ. 
of  Chicago,  3  yrs. ;    h.  s.,  Lincoln,  2  yrs. ;    teacher  geog.  and  history,  I .  S . 
N.U.,  1902-04;    teacher  geog.  Wendell  Phillips  H.  S.,  Chicago,  1904 — . 

913.  Grace  Adela  Monroe,  5445  Rice  St.,  Chicago.    St.  Chicago  Athe- 
naeum (sten.),  1903;    h.  s.  tea.  Milledgeville,  1898-1901;    elem  sch.,  Chi- 
cago, looi-date. 


ILLINOIS  STATE)  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  317 

914.  Fannie  Edna  Morse,  missionary  to  Chippewa  Indians,  Lac  du 
Flambeau,  Wis.     St.  Moody  Institute,  Chicago,  1899  and  1900;    tea.  rural 
sch.,  Cook  Co.,  1898  and  1899;   missionary  to  Chippewa  Indians,  igoi-date. 

915.  Henrietta  Betsy  Pitts  (Mrs.  Martin),  103  Sherman  Court,  Joliet. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1900-1902;   asst.  prin  h.  s.,  ElPaso,  1898-1900;    math.  h.  s. 
Charleston,  1902-03 ;    math.  h.  s.  Jacksonville,  1903-04 ;   math.  h.  s.,  Bloom- 
ington,  1904-06.    Married  Robert  W.  Martin,  June  20,  1906. 

916.  Eva  Amanda  Porter   (Mrs.  Marshall),  379  S.  LaSalle  St.,  Au- 
rora.   St.  I.S.N.U.,  1898-99;    Bloomington  Conservatory  of  Music;  King- 
ston, 1899-1904.    Married  Charles  J.  Marshall,  Dec.  24,  1901. 

1917.  Mary  Amelia  Rickards  (Mrs.  Alvin  H.  Louis),  5656  Prairie 
Ave.,  Chicago.  Centralia  sch.,  4  yrs. 

9i§.  Mrs.  Lilla  Delle  Riggs  (Mrs.  John  D.  Riggs),  1416  N.  Main  St., 
Bloomington. 

919.  Silva  Ross,  tea.,  Decatur.     LeRoy,  y*.  yr. ;    Rochelle,  1899-1900; 
Marietta  St.  Sch.,  Decatur,  1900 — . 

920.  Addie  Eliza  Roziene,  tea.,  3655  N.  43d  Ave.,  Chicago.  St.  Chicago 
Normal,  summer,  1899;   Dr.  Staley's  Saturday  Sch.,  winters,  1901  and  02; 
Central  Inst,  1906;   rural  sch.,  i  yr. ;   Niles  Center,  1899-1902;   Riverview, 
1902-03;   Maywood,  i9O3-date. 

921.  Nano   Pearl   Smith,  teaching,   Bisbee,   Ariz.     Rochelle,   4  yrs. ; 
Creston,  3  mos. ;   asst.  co.  supt.,  Ogle  Co.,  \y2  yrs.;    Bisbee,  Ariz.,  2  yrs. 

922.  Clara   May   Snell    (Mrs.  Wolfe),  272  Oak   St.,   Oberlin,   Ohio. 
Tea.  h.  s.,  Dundee,  1898-1899;   elem.  sch.,  Manilla,  Iowa,  1899-1900;   critic 
tea.  I.S7NTU.,  1900-01;    E.I.S.N.S.,  1901-06.     Married  Albert  Benedict 
Wolfe  (See  No.  944),  Sept.  6,  1906. 

923.  Emma  Grace  Stetzler,  teaching,  1106  S.  Ridgeway  Ave.,  Chicago. 
Rural  sch.,   Putnam  Co.,    1898-99;    DeKalb,   1899-1900;    Calumet,   Mich., 
1900-02;   Berwyn,  1902-04;    elem.  sch.,  Chicago,  i9O4-date. 

924.  Mary   Ellen   Sullivan    (Sister    Mary   Fidelis,   O.S.D.),    Sacred 
Heart  Acad.,  Madison,  Wis.     St.  Univ.  of  Wis.,  summers  1903  and  04; 
Clara  Convent,  Sinsinawa,  Wis.,   1901-03 ;    elem.  sch.  tea.,   Bloomington, 
1898-1901.;   h.  s.  Sacred  Heart  Acad.,  1903 — . 

925.  Carrie  Estelle  Travis   (Mrs.  Urban),  712  W.  Elm  St.,  Urbana. 
Asst.  prin.,  ElPaso,  1898-1900;   h.  s.,  tea.,  Oregon,  1900-01.    Married  Har- 
vey B.  Urban,  July  16,  1901. 

926.  Julia  Buckner  Williams    (Mrs.  Barney),   R.F.D.   Route  2,  N. 
Wellsville,  Mo.     St.  Mo.  State  Normal,  1899;    asst.  in  h.  s.,  Middletown, 
Mo.,  1899-1900;  rural  sch.,  1900-1901.  Married  George  Barney,  Feb.. 5,  1901. 

927.  Anna  Elizabeth  Wilmer,  teaching,   Bisbee,  Ariz.     St.  Univ.  of 
Cal.,  summer,  1905;    Kankakee,  1900-1905;    Bisbee,  Ariz.,  8th  grade,  1905- 
1906;  biology  and  history  h.  s.  Bisbee,  Ariz.,  I9o6-date. 

928.  Emilie  Barrington   Wright,   tea.,  Wendell   Phillips   H.   S.,  6338 
Ellis  Ave.,   Chicago.     St.   111.  Wesleyan  Univ.,   1902;    Univ.  of  Chicago, 
Ph.B.,  1906;    t.  Latin,  h.  s.,  Lincoln,  1898-99;    same,  State  Normal  Sch., 
West  Superior,  Wis.,  1901-05;   present  position,  1906—. 

929.  Bruce  Bright,  Normal. 

*93O-    Joseph  Baumgarner,  died  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Oct.  n,  1901. 

931.  Lyman  H.  Coleman,  teaching,  3144  Dover  St.,  Chicago.    LaSalle 
twp.   h.   s.,  1898-1899;    elem.  sch.,   Chicago,   i899-date.     Married  Claudia 
Cook,  1885. 

932.  Hyatt  Elmer  Covey,  farmer,  LeRoy,  R.F.D.  No.  3.     St.  Univ. 
of  Chicago,  A.B.,  1898-1901 ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Montevideo,  Minn.,  3  yrs.     Mar- 
ried D.  Lois  Baldwin,  June  26,  1901. 


318  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

933.  Robert  Andrew   Cowles,  business   agent,   Rooms   10-12,  Durley 
Bid.,   Bloomington.     St.  Univ.  of  Wis.,   1898-1899;    Northwestern  Univ. 
Med.  Sch.,  Chicago,  1899  and  1900.    Married  Leila  C.  Stephens,  June  10, 
1903. 

934.  William  Crocker,  prof,  in  botany,  Hull  Botanical  Lab.,  Univ.  of 
Chicago.    St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1899-1902;   A.B.  and  A.M.,  Univ.  of  111.,  1902- 
03 ;    Univ.  of  Chicago,  summers,  1900  and  '01 ;    senior  fellow  in  botany, 
Univ.   of   Chicago,   Ph.D.,    1904-06;    prin.   Weathersfield   Sch.,   Kewanee, 
1898-1900;    asst.  in  plant  physiology,  Univ.  of  C.,  1906 — ;    pub.  articles  on 
phyiosolgy  and  botany. 

935.  Herman  Doud,   prin.   Harley  Acad.,  Tishomingo,   I.   T.     Prin. 
Troy  Grove,  1898-1903;    Seneca,  1903-04;    prin.  gov't  Indian  sch.,  Tisho- 
mingo, I.  T.,  I9o6-date.    Married  May  B.  Eck,  Aug.  12,  1902. 

936.  Byron  Evans  Eastwood,  member  of  Rockford  Abstract  Co.,  313 
West  State  St.,  Rockford.     Asst.  prin.  h.  s.  LeRoy,  1898-1900;    admitted 
to  bar  Oct.,  1903. 

937-  William  Woodrow  Martin,  supervisor  of  training  sch.,  State 
Normal,  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.  St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1898  (summer),  same 
1899-1900,  1903-04,  Ph.  B. ;  prin.  h.  s.,  Peru,  1897-98;  inst.  State  Normal, 
Superior,  Wis.,  1899;  same,  Platteville,  Wis.,  1900;  supt.  Whitewater, 
Wis.,  1900-02;  supervisor  training  sch.  State  Normal  Sch.,  Natchitoches, 
La.,  1904;  State  Normal  Sch.,  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.,  igps-date;  pub.  many 
articles  on  educational  subjects;  asst.  editor  of  Cape  Girardeau  State  Nor- 
mal paper,  the  Educational  Outlook.  Married  Katharine  Mavity,  June 
24,  1900. 

938.  Arthur  Qrlo  Norton,  asst.  prof.,  Harvard  Univ.,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
St.  Harvard  Univ.,  1894-99;  instructor,  Harvard  Univ.,  1899-1905;  asst. 
prof.,  iox>5-date.  Married  Alice  Lyon,  July  2,  1903. 

939-  William  Kennett  Peasley,  civil  engr.  and  gen.  contr.,  525  Wilcox 
Bldg.  (res.  673  S.  Bonnie  Brae  St.),  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  Married,  March, 
1904. 

940.  Walter  Franklin  Pike,  physician  and  surgeon,  Twin  Falls,  Idaho. 
St.  Denver  Univ.,  med.  and  lit.  depts.,  A.B.,  A.M.,  and  M.D.,  1899-1904; 
prin.  h.  s.,  Edwardsville,  1898-99;  house  physician,  Denver,  Col.,  City  Hos- 
pital, 1903-04;    pres.  Twin  Falls  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1907.     Married 
Jessie  C.  Kunkely,  June  26,  1905. 

941.  Ernest  Arthur   Scrogin,  asst.   U.   S.  attorney,   Springfield.     St. 
Univ.  of  Chicago,  1895-98;   asst.  in  h.  s.,  Mt.  Vernon,  1898-99;   h.  s.  Free- 
port,  1899-1901 ;    deputy  U.  S.  dist.  clerk,  S.  Dist.  of  Ills.,  1901-04 ;    asst. 
U.  S.  dist.  atty.,  S.  Dist.  of  111.,  1904- Jan.,  1907;    general  atty.  for  anti- 
saloon  league  of  Illinois,  i9O7-date.     Married  Nine  Julia  Butler,  Huntley, 
June  27,  1900. 

942.  Harmon  Ebert  Waits,  supt.  schools,  Petersburg.     St.  Univ.  of 
111.,   summers   of   1898,    1905,   and   1906;    prin.   ElPaso,   1898-1904;    supt. 
Petersburg,  i9O4-date.    Married  Zetta  Mae  Bozarth,  Aug.  3,  1898. 

943.  George  Shirley  Wilson,  teaching,  Seattle,  Wash.     St.  Univ.  of 
111.,  1901-03 ;  prin.  Bement  h.  s.,  1903-Apr.,  1905 ;  tea.  physics,  h.  s.,  Seattle, 
Wash.,  May,  i9O5-date. 

944.  Albert  Benedict  Wolfe,  prof,  of  Economics  and  Sociology,  Ober- 
lin   College,   Oberlin,   Ohio.     St.   Harvard   College,    1899-1902;     Harvard 
Graduate  Sch.,  1902-04;   prin.  White  Hall  h.  s.,  1898-1899;   inst.  in  history, 
McKinley  h.  s.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1904-05 ;    prof.  Oberlin  College,  ioo5-date ; 
pub.     The  Lodging-House  Problem  in  Boston,    Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 
Married  Clara  M.  Snell  (See  No.  922),  Sept.  6,  1906. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  319 

CLASS  OF  1899 

945.  Mary  Leota  Adee   (Mrs.  Wm.  Eckholm),  115  East  St.,  Rock- 
ford.     Rockford  sch.,  1899-1902. 

946.  Blanche  Aldrich,  Normal.    St.  Univ.  of  111.,  A.B.,  1901-05. 

947.  Sadie  Chenoweth  Athens  (Mrs.  Atherton),  Pleasant  Plains.    El- 
Paso   grades,    1899-1901 ;     Sycamore,    1901-02.     Married   E.   J.   Atherton, 
banker,  June  30,  1902. 

948.  Clementine  Maud  Baird  (Mrs.  Percy),  West  Point,  Miss.     Ray- 
mond Sch.,  Bloomington,  1899-1902.     Married  Ernest  H.  Percy,  Dec.  31, 
1902. 

949.  Olive  Lillian  Barton,  teacher  I.S.N.U.,  Normal.     Grad.  from 
Univ.  of  111.,  1905 ;   prin.  h.  s.,  Lexington,  1899-1902 ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Pittsfield, 
1902-04;    tea.  of  math,  in  Mt.  Vernon  twp.  h.  s.,  1905-06;    critic  tea.  I.S. 
N.U.,  I9o6-date;   inst.  in  math,  summer  terms,  I.S.N.U.,  1903-06. 

950.  Annie  Jeanette  Beattie,  teaching,  3178  Dover  St.,  Chicago,  111. 
Asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  Savanna,  March,   igoo-June,   1901 ;    elem.  sch.,  Chicago, 
1901-1002;    Houghton,  Mich.,  1902-03;    Chicago,  igos-date;    Upper  Mich. 
Children's  Home  solicitor,  1903-05. 

951.  Kate  Edna  Carpenter,  teacher,  319  Glen  Oak  Ave.,  Peoria.     St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  summer,  1902;   Brown's  Bus.  College,  summer,  1904;   t.  rural 
sch.,   Peoria  Co.,   1899-1901;    prin.    Pottstown,    1901-02;     Peoria,    1902-04; 
tea.  shorthand  and  typewriting  Brown's  Bus.  College,  i9O4-date. 

952.  Lydia  Colby,  Geneseo.    Tea.  rural  sch.  Henry  Co.,  1891-95 ;   Ke- 
wanee,  1897-1899;    training  sch.,  DeKalb,  1899-1900. 

953.  Catherine  Louise  Cowles,  teacher,  1107  E.  Jefferson  St.,  Bloom- 
ington.   Tea.  in  elem.  sch.,  Bloomington,  1899 — . 

954.  Rachel    Pierson    Crouch,   teaching,   Little    York.      St.    Univ.    of 
Chicago,  1904  and  1905;    country  sch.,  Kirkwood,  1900-1902;    prin.,  Biggs- 
ville,  1902-1904. 

955.  Bertha    Lea    Davenport,    teacher,    Monrovia,    Cal.      Critic    tea. 
N.I.S.N.S.,  DeKalb,  1899-1900;    DeKalb  pub.  sch.,  1900-01;    San  Pedro, 
Cal.,  1901-03;   Covina,  Cal.,  1003-06;    Monrovia,  Cal.,  ioo6-date. 

*956.    Lula  Lea  Davenport,  died  Dec.  22,  1901.    Taught  i  yr. 

957.  Clara  Dietz,  teaching,  Glencoe.     Cisco,  i  yr. ;    Hinsdale,  4  yrs. ; 
Glencoe,  1904 — . 

958.  Anastacia  Donohue    (Mrs.  Henaughan),  527  DeKalb  Ave.,  De- 
Kalb.     St.    Univ.    of    Chicago,    summer,    1901 ;     critic    grammar    grades, 
N.I.S.N.U.,  1899-1903  and  1905-06;    pub.     Seventh  Grade  Arithmetic,  a 
Lesson  in  Specific  Gravity     in  School  and  Home  Education,  1901.     Mar- 
ried M.  J.  Henaughan,  Sept.  19,  1006. 

959.  Alice  Wessels  Drobisch,  teacher,  1094  W.  Wood  St.,  Decatur. 
Decatur,  i899-date. 

960.  Carlie  Anne  Edwards,  teacher,  Prescott,  Ariz.,  Danville,    1899- 
1000 ;   primary  grades,  Prescott,  Ariz.,  igoo-date. 

961.  Winifred  Grace  Elliott   (Mrs.  Drennan),  629  W.  Prairie  Ave., 
Decatur.     Yorkville,   1899-1900;    Decatur,   1900-1904.     Married  John  Pat- 
ton  Drennan,  Sept.  6,  1905. 

962.  Tillie  May  Entler  (Mrs.  Tullis),  335  N.  Broadway  St.,  Decatur. 
Prin.  Kampsville,  1899-1900;   Decatur,  1900-03.     Married  Clifford  E.  Tul- 
lis, June  16,  1903. 

t963.    Ada  Esther  Ewen,  214  Forest  Ave.,  Oak  Park.    Taught  6  yrs. 
064.     Grace  Fairfield,  teacher,  Chenoa.     Cissna   Park,  2  yrs. ;    Wat- 
seka,  4  yrs. ;   Chenoa, 


320  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

1965.     Sarah  Louvella  Flinn   (Mrs.  Dr.  Roy  Webster),  

Morgan  Co.    Pana  sch.,  1899-1902. 

t966.    Laura  Ellen  Hahn,  Davis.    Taught  6  yrs. 

967.  Elizabeth  Clerk  Haynes,  teacher,  Shirley.     Primary  tea.  Bloom- 
ington,  i899-date. 

968.  Ida  Rose  Hummel   (Mrs.   Ruddy),   Wanda,   Minn.     May  wood, 
1899-1901;   rural  sch.,  Redwood  Co.,  Minn.,  1901-02;   Wanda,  Minn.,  1902- 
04;  prin.  Wanda,  Minn.,  i9O4-date.    Married  James  E.  Ruddy,  July  2,  1901. 

969.  Ora  LaRue  (Mrs.  Dow),  Olney.     Rutland,  1899-1901.     Married 
Charles  M.  Dow,  June  30,  1901. 

970.  Harriet    Moulton    Lovering,    teacher,    1301    Grand    Aye.,    Enid, 
Okla.     Montpelier,   Ind.,   1899-1901;    Assumption,    1901-02;    Enid,   Okla., 
T9o6-date. 

971.  Nellie  Jane  Lovett  (Mrs.  Nine),  Emden.    Hopedale,  i899-March, 
1902;    Bloomington,  March,  1902-04.     Married  Charles  E.  Nine,  Aug.  3, 
1904. 

972.  Mary   Edith   McWherter,  teacher,  204   S.    School   St.,   Normal. 
Rossville,  1899-1901;   Danville,  1901-1902;   Bloomington,  1902-date. 

973.  Lida  Belle  Mix,  st.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  5610  Madison  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago.    Tea.  8th  grade,  Clinton,  1900-1901;    Dixon,  1901-02;    Dixon,  1903- 
04;  st.,  U.  of  C,  1906-date. 

974.  Isidore  Alice  Nixon,  teaching,  208  S.  2nd  St.,  Maywood,  May- 
wood,  i899-date ;  asst.  librarian  Maywood  Public  Library  for  several  years. 

975.  Blanche   McCormick   Oakes,  cataloguer  pub.   library,  Rockford. 
St.  Wisconsin  library  sch.,  summers  1903  and  '04;   t,  Oak  Park  sch.,  1899- 
1901. 

t976.     Grace  Orb,  West  Lafayette,  Ind.    Taught,  1899 — • 

977.  Mary  Delima  Oxley,  teacher,  434  S.  Maple  St.,  Centralia.     Pri- 
mary tea.,  Centralia,  7  yrs. 

978.  Cora  Lorena  Reno  (Mrs.  Sunderland),  teacher,  Austin.     St.  U. 
of  Chicago,  summers,  1899  and  1900;    tea.  DeKalb  Normal,  6th  and  8th 
grades,  1899-1901 ;    Chicago  elem.  sch.,  igoi-date.    Married  Jesse  W.  Sun- 
derland, Dec.  27,  1905. 

979.  Louise  Dora  Schneider,  teaching,  518  E.  Locust  St.,  Blooming- 
ton.    Tea.  elem.  sch.,  Bloomington,  i899-date. 

980.  Mary  Lizzie  Schneider,  Elburn.    Biggsville  twp.  h.  s.,  1899-04. 

981.  Grace   Sitherwood    (Mrs.   Bent),  4201   Glen  Albyn  Drive,   Los 
Angeles,   Cal.     Oglesby,  Sept.,   1899- Jan.,   1901 ;    Bloomington,  Jan.-June, 
1901.    Married  Henry  Stanley  Bent,  July  9,  1901. 

982.  Mary  Cline  Sterrett,  teaching,  717  W.  Prairie  Ave.,  Decatur.    At- 
wood,  1900-1901 ;    Monticello,  1901-1905;    Decatur,  igos-date. 

983.  Helen  Mary  Taylor,  teacher,  504  E.  Walnut  St.,  Bloomington. 
St.  U.  of  111.,  A.B.,  1900-1902;   DeKalb,  1899-1900;   h.  s.,  DeKalb,  1902-03; 
rhetoric,  U.  of  I.,  1903-04;    traveled  in  Europe,  1904-05;    math,  in  h.  s., 
Bloomington,  I9o6-date. 

0^4.  Mary  Lillian  Trimble,  preceptress  and  librarian,  State  Manual 
Training  Sch.,  Ellendale,  N.  D.  Grad.  Univ.  of  111.,  1906;  training  sch., 
DeKalb,  2  yrs. ;  same,  Moorhead,  Minn.  ,i  yr. ;  Edmond,  Okla.,  2  yrs. ; 
present  position,  I9o6-date. 

985.  Helen  Parsons  Wells  (Mrs.  Bayliss),  Ludlow,  Vermont.   Wash- 
ington, 1899-1900;   Lexington,  1900-1901;   Decatur,  1902-04.    Married  Rev. 
Edward  L.  Bayliss,  Aug.  18,  1904. 

986.  Mary  Johnston  Wells  (Mrs.  Stout),  Genoa.     ElPaso,  1899-1903. 
Married  Henry  F.  Stout,  Aug.  6,  1903.     (See  No.  1092.) 


ILLINOIS  STATS  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  321 

987.  Lucinda  Hannah  Westbrook  (Mrs.  Downey),  2718  Cicero  Ave., 
Clyde.     Elgin,  1899-1900;    elem.  sch.,  Chicago,   1900-1904.     Married   Elzy 
F.  Downey,  July  16,  1902. 

988.  Jean  Gertrude  Whigam  (Mrs.  Taylor),  1269  N.  42d  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago.  Chicago,  Feb.,  1900-01 ;   same,  Oct.,  i9O3-March,  1905.    Married  Ed- 
ward T.  Taylor,  Dec.  25,  1900. 

989.  Anna  Evelyn  Wise,  teaching,  Gresham  Sch.,  Chicago.     Lemont, 
3  yrs. ;    Chicago  Heights,  2  yrs. ;   Joliet,  i  yr. ;    Chicago  elem.  sch.,  2  yrs. 

*99O.     Eva  Centennial  Wiseman,  died  Feb.  24,  1902.    Taught  in  Doug- 
las county,  3  yrs. 

t99i.    Jessie  Lee  Youle,  Saybrook.     Taught  6  yrs. 

992.  Grace  Harriet  Young,  grad.  nurse,    1242  Monroe  St.,   Chicago. 
St.  Garfield  Park  Training  Sch.  for  Nurses,  1899-1901. 

993.  Earl  Wilder  Ackert,  prof,  math.,  State  Normal  and  Industrial 
Sch.,  Ellendale,   N.  D.     St.  Steinman  College,  Dixon,  1899-1900;    tea.  in 
Steinman  College,  1899-1900;    Blanchard,  N.  D.,  1900-01;    Grandin,  N.  D, 
i9Oi-Jan.,  1902;    h.  s.,  Oakes,  N.  D.,  1902-1904;    supt.  Oakes,   1904-1907; 
present  position,  1907 — . 

994.  Charles  Henry  Allen,  teacher,  Bloomington.     Head  of  dept.  of 
biology  and  physiography,  h.  s.,  Bloomington,  iSgg-date.     Married  Mattie 
Morgan,  Sept.  i,  1898. 

995.  Arthur  Elmer  Ashworth,  Uvalde,  Texas.     Married  May   Lyn- 
don Carter,  Denison,  Texas,  June  27,  1906. 

906.     Charles  L.  Beach,  mus.  director,  911  Cable  Bldg.,  Chicago.  Mar- 
ried Clara  Murray. 

997.  Thomas  Milton  Birney,  supt.  Edwardsville.   St.  Univ.  of  Chicago, 
1900-1901,  and  summer  terms  since;    prin.  h.  s.,  Normal,  1895-1900;    prin. 
Kewanee,  1901-1903;    supt.  Edwardsville,  i9O3-date.     Married  Olive  Ger- 
trude Thomas,  June  17,  1905. 

998.  Clarence  Bonnell,  teaching,  Harrisburg.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  sum- 
mer, 1905;    prin.  h.  s.,  Metropolis,  1899-1902;    prin.  h.  s.  Paxton,  1902-04; 
asst.  prin.  twp.  h.  s.,  Harrisburg,  i9O4-date;    Married  Docia  May  Turner, 
Taylorville,  July  12,  1900. 

999.  Benjamin  Fletcher   Brown,  teaching,   Ault,   Col.     St.   Colorado 
State  Normal,  1907;    rural  graded  sch.,  1899-1901;    Highland  Lake,  1901- 
1902;    prin.   Ault   h.   s.,    1902-1904;    prin.   Fort   Lupton,   Col.,    1904-1905; 
prin.  Ault  h.  s.,  1905-1907. 

1000.  Clyde  Lewis  Burtis,  asst.  mgr.  James  A.  Brady  Fdy.  Co.,  6847 
Parnell  Ave.,   Chicago.     Prin.   grade   sch.,   Garden   City,   Kansas,   2  yrs. 
Married  Nellie  M.  Haaff,  Oct.  n,  1906. 

1001.  John    Mark   Dewhirst,    teacher,    Havana.      St.    Biological    Sta. 
Ind.  Univ.,  summer,  1902;    grades,  Havana,  1899-1902;  h.  s.,  Havana,  1902- 
date.    Married  Sophia  A.  Pfetzing,  July  23,  1903. 

1002.  Oliver   Morton   Dickerson,   head  inst.   in   history,   W.I.S.N.S., 
Macomb.     St.  Harvard  Univ.  graduate  sch.,  1904-05 ;    Univ.  of  111.,  A.B., 
1903;    A.M.,  1904,  and  Ph.D.,  1906;    prin.  Macon,  1899-1901;    I.S.N.U. 
summers  1903,  05,  and  06 ;   U.  of  I.  summer,  1906 ;   pub.  Hist,  of  III.  Const. 
Convention  of  1862.     Married  Nora  Mae  Simmons,  Nov.  10,  1906.     (See 
No.  878.) 

1003.  Gerry   Brown  Dudley,   physician,    Charleston.     St.    College   of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  N.  Y.,  1900-01 ;   Cornell  Univ.  Med.  Coll.,  1901- 
04;    h.  s.,  Charleston,  1898-1900.     Married  Esther  Wilhoit  Shoot,  July  27, 
1905. 

1004.  Francis    Belmont    Dwire,    interne,   Los   Angeles    Co.    Hospital, 
Hollywood,  Cal.    Univ.  of  S.  Cal.,  M.D.,  1902-1906;   h.  s.,  Kewanee, 
1900;    math.  Hoitt's  Acad.,  Menlo  Park,  Cal.,  1901-02. 


322  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1005.  Charles  Herbert  Elliott,  prin.  twp.   h.   s,.  Centralia.     Geneseo 
h.  s.,  1899-1900;   prin.  h.  s.,  Centralia,  1902-03;   present  position,  1903 — . 

1006.  Charles  Gott,  teaching,  Franklin,  La.    Prin.  h.  s.,  Atwood,  1899- 
1901 ;    a^sst.  h.  s.,  Lake  Charles,  La.,  1901-1902 ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Clinton,  La., 
1902-1905;    prin.  h.  s.,  Crowley,  La.,  1905-1906;    prin.  St.  Mary  Central 
h.  s.,  Franklin,  La.,  iox>6-date. 

fiooy.  Joseph  Wilson  Green,  salesman,  Hoopeston.  Prin.  Hoopes- 
ton,  1899-1904. 

1008.  Ardie  Durward  Hess,  bookkeeper  with  Roberts,   Johnson,  and 
Rand  Shoe  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.    Taught  Cantrall,  1899-1900. 

1009.  David  Preston  Hollis,  Co.  Supt.  Pittsfield.     St.  Univ.  of  111., 
I9°5',    prin.    Browning,    1899-1901;     Pearl,    1901-1902;     Perry,    1902-1904; 
supt.  Griggsville,  1904-06;    co.  supt.,  Pittsfield,  I9o6-date.     Married,  Min- 
nie B.  Fields,  Meredosia,  April  30,  1902. 

1010.  Will  Harris  Johnson,  clerk  at  Read  &  White's,  W.  Washing- 
ton Road,  Bloomington.     Critic  tea.  I.S.N.U.  Model  Sch.,  1899-1902. 

ion.  Milford  L.  Johnston,  signal  service  eng.  with  Sunset  Route, 
Houston,  Texas.  Asst.  librarian  I.S.N.U.,  2  yrs. ;  Union  Switch  and 
Signal  Co.,  i  yr. 

1012.  Wallace   Franklin   Jones,   supt.   schools,    Knoxville.     St.   Univ. 
of  111.,  summers,  A.B.,  1901-06;    supt.  city  sch.,  Knoxville,  iSoxj-date. 

1013.  Henry  Goodrich  McCormick,  dentist,  Manhattan,  Kansas.     St 
Univ.  of  Mich.  lit.  dept.,  1899-1900;  grad.  U.  of  Mich.,  dental  dept.,  1903. 

1014.  Ralph  Dudley  MacGuffin,  salesman  Baker- Vawter  Co.,  788  Mil- 
dred Ave.,  Chicago.     Putnam  Co.  sch.,  1899-1900;    Morton  Park,  1900-02. 
Married  Charlotte  H.  Smith. 

1015.  Chester  DuBois  Marquis,   gen.  mgr.  chemical  works,  George- 
town, S.  C.    Grad.  Princeton  Univ.,  1906;   asst.  librarian,  I.S.N.U.,  1899- 
1900;   math,  in  h.  s.,  Charleston,  1901-02. 

1016.  Ora   Sherman  Morgan,   graduate  student  in   Cornell  Agricul- 
tural College,  711  E.  Seneca  St.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1903-05; 
Univ.  of  Cornell,  ioo6-date;    prin.  Ohio,  1899-1901;    Hampshire,  1901-03; 
tea.  of  biology,  h.  s.,  Burlington,  la.,  1905   (six  months)  ;    prin.  training 
sch.,  DeKalb,  1905-06. 

1017.  Archibald  Carlisle   Norton,   asst.  educational  dept.   Sears-Roe- 
buck &  Co.,  474  W.  North  Ave.,  Chicago.     Prin.  Cornell,  2  yrs. ;    Table 
Grove,  2  yrs. ;    Hampshire;  2  yrs. ;    tea.  in  Harvard  private  sch.  for  boys, 
Chicago,   i  yr. ;    asst.  in  ed.  dept.  of  S.,  R.  &.  Co.,   I9o6-date.     Married, 
June  12,  1902,  to  Blanche  Nelson  Haney  who  died  Jan.  16,  1904. 

1018.  George  Merit  Palmer,  supt.  schools,  Milaca,  Minn.     St.  Univ. 
of  111.  summer  sessions ;    supt.  Averyville,  2  yrs. ;    tea.  of  English  P.  I., 
3  yrs.;   supt.  Milaca,  Minn.,  3  yrs.    Married  Lucy  May  Yapp,  Aug.  17,  1904. 
Was  ist  Sergt.  Co.  M,  6th  111.  Vol.  Inft.,  during  Spanish- American  War. 

*ioi9.  George  Frederick  Pfingsten,  died  in  East  St.  Louis,  Sept., 
1903.  Taught  4  yrs. 

1020.  John  Lossen  Pricer,  grad.  st.  U.  of  I.,  908  W.  Main  St.,  Urbana. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1905-07;    supt.  ElPaso  (East  Side),  1899-1905.     Married 
Dora  E.  Forum,  Aug.  i,  1900. 

1021.  William  Burrell   Pusey,  real  estate  and  ins.,  Ottawa.     Fisher, 
1899-1900;   prin.  Wedron,  1900-1901;    Kangley,  1901-1903;    prin.  h.  s.  Ran- 
som, 1903-1905.    Married  Georgia  E.  Murphy,  Dec.  25,  1905. 

1022.  Jerome   Edward   Readhimer,   soil  fertility  ex.   sta.,   U.  of  111., 
Champaign.     Grad.  U.  of  L,  1904;    h.  s.,  Champaign,  2  yrs.     Married  Ida 
Harrell,  January  3,  1906. 


ILLINOIS  STATS  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  323 

1023.  ^Samuel  E.  Reedier,  st.  Northwestern  Univ.,  4033  Indiana  Ave., 
Chicago.    *St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,    1903-05 ;     Northwestern  Univ.,   1906-07 ; 
prin.    Potomac,    1899-1903 ;     Bryant   and   Stratton   Bus.    College,    Chicago, 
1905-06.     Married  Jeannette  Bach,  June  26,  1901. 

1024.  Frank  Stewart,  farmer,  Oblong.     Married  Kathryn  J.  Waidman, 
Aug.  29,  1900. 

1025.  John  Pogue  Stewart,  prof,  of  horticulture,  Penn  State  College. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  A.B.,  1902;    Cornell,  M.S. A.,  1903;    Cornell,  1906-07;  h.  s. 
Biggsville,  1899-1901;    tea.  of  nature  study,  I.S.N.U.,  1903-06;    pub.  Na- 
ture  Study  in  its  Practical  Bearings — (I.S.N.U.  Quarterly). 

1026.  Albert  Emery  White,   supt.  sch.   111.   State  Reformatory,   Pon- 
tiac.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  summer,  1901;    t.   Mt.   Palatine,   1899-1900;    prin. 
Tonica,  1900-01;    Strawn,  1901-05;    present  position,  i9O5-date. 

1027.  John  Hamilton  Whitten,  supt.  schools  Onarga.     St.  Univ.  111., 
summers,  1903-05 ;    prin.  h.  s.  Golconda,  1899-1901 ;    prin.  h.  s.  St.  Anne, 
1901-03 ;     supt.    Onarga,    i9O3-date.      Married    Lillian    Catterlin,    Council 
Bluffs,  la.,  Aug.  18,  1903. 

1028.  John  Thomas  Wilson,  sten.  and  clerk  American  Telephone  and 
Telegraph  Co.,  Chicago.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  fall,  1900;    Brown's  Bus.  Coll., 
Champaign,   1901-02;    prin.  Danforth,    1899-1900;    present   position,    1902- 
date. 

1029.  Oliver  Roland  Zoll,  teaching,  St.  Anne.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago, 
summer,  1903 ;    prin.  ward  sch.,  Elgin,  1899-1900 ;    supt.  Yorkville,  1900-03 ; 
prin.  h.  s.,  Watseka,  1903-05 ;    supt.  St.  Anne,  i9O5-date.     Married  Minnie 
M.  Moyer,  June  22,  1895. 

CLASS  OF  1900 

1030.  Mary  Irene  Babbs,  st.  111.  Wesleyan  Univ.,  317  North  St.,  Nor- 
mal.   St.  Wesleyan,  1906-07.    T.  rural  sch.  1900-06. 

1031.  Bernice  Alena  Bright,  music  teacher,  202  N.  Beech  St.,  Normal. 

1032.  Anna  Maple  Broadhead,  tea.  science  h.  s.,  Bellingham,  Washing- 
ton.   St.  Univ.  of  111.,  A.B.,  '02 ;  post  grad.,  '06 ;   Univ.  of  Washington,  '05 ; 
t.  h.  s.,  Virginia,  1902-03 ;    West  Lake  Girls'  School,  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
1906;    h.  s.,  Bellingham,  Washington,  1907. 

1033.  Alma  Wilhelmina  Carlson,  tea.  Lincoln  sch.,  Bloomington.  Pres- 
ent position,  1900-07. 

1034.  Caroline   Irving  Clark,  teacher  of  English,  Helena,   Arkansas. 
St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  summer,  1905 ;    English  and  Latin,  h.  s.,  Gardner, 
1900-01 ;    Helena,  Ark.,  1904-07. 

1035.  Genevieve  Louise  Clarke    (Mrs.  Dakin),  250  E.  63d  PL,   Chi- 
cago.    Critic  tea.  I.S.N.U.,    1900-01;    elem.  sch.,  River  Forest,   1901-06. 
Married  Walter  Dakin,  April  17,  1906. 

1036.  Ida  Helen  Condren,  teacher,  Streator.    Grades,  Streator,  1900 — . 

1037.  Stella  M.  Cook,  teaching,  1139  N.  Church  St.,  Rockford.     Pri- 
mary, Rochelle,  1900-03 ;    Rockford,  1903-07. 

1038.  Florence  May  Corman,  teaching  Irving  sch.,  Bloomington.  Pres- 
ent position,  1900-07. 

1039.  Lulu  Pearl  Frank   (Mrs.  Irvine),  3072  N.  Ashland  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago.   Prin.  Beason,  i  yr. ;    Perry  Park,  Col.,  I  yr.    Short  articles  in     The 
Housekeeper.      Married  W.  A.  Irvine,  March  20,  1902. 

1040.  Lois  Gertrude  Franklin,  teaching  in  h.  s.,  212  E.  Davidson  St., 
Champaign.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  A.B.,  1902-03;    asst.  prin.  ElPaso,  1900-02; 
h.  s.,  Champaign,  1903-07. 


324  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1041.  Anna  Sabina  Garwood,  teacher  of  English  h.  s.,  832  Chestnut 
Ave.,  Canon  City,  Col.     English,  h.  s.,  Mattoon,  1900-01 ;    h.  s.,  Elmhurst, 
1901-04;   h.  s.,  Canon  City,  Col.,  1905-07. 

1042.  Amelia  E.  Gaulden,  asst.  in  Avoyelles  h.  s.,  Marksville,  La.  Stud- 
ied one  month,  summer  sch.,  Baton  Rouge,  La.     Taught  in  grades,  Fulton, 
1900-01 ;    h.  s.,  Osborne,  Kan.,  1901-02 ;   Avoyelles  h.  s.,  1902-07. 

1043.  Gertrude  George  (Mrs.  Delano),  4350  Berkeley  Ave.,  Chicago. 
Elem.   sch.,  Port   Byron,   1900-01 ;     Kewanee,   1901-03.     Married   Edward 
Jewett  Delano,  Jan.  31,  1903. 

1044.  Minnie  Margaret  Gossman,  supervisor  of  music,  Prescott,  Ariz. 
National  Summer  Sch.  of  Music,  Chicago,  1903-04;    t.  elem.  sch.,  Cisco, 
i  yr. ;   Monticello,  4  yrs. 

*I045.     Ina  Estelle  Hamilton,  died  Sept.  10,  1900. 

1046.  Frances   M.   Iliff    (Mrs.   Rice),   Monmouth,   Oregon.     Normal 
h.  s.,  1900-03.    Married  Charles  A.  Rice,  June  30,  1902. 

1047.  Mrs.  Ella  Leone  Jacob   (Mrs.  William  J.  Jacob),   1015  Union 
Ave.,  N.  Portland,  Ore.     Asst.  prin.  Washougal,  Wash.,  1900-04;    Little 
Falls,  Wash.,  1904-05. 

1048.  Anna  Gertrude  King  (Mrs.  Turley),  Blanco,  New  Mexico.    Pri- 
mary training  tea.,  I.S.N.U.,  1900-03;    same,  Idaho  State  Normal  Sch., 
Lewiston,  1903-05.    Married,  April  16,  1905,  to  Louis  A.  Turley. 

1049.  Gertrude   Larison,  prin.   of   Lincoln   sch.,   Hoopeston.     Eighth 
grade,  Odell,  1900-01;   grades,  Covel,  1901-04;  6th  grade,  Hoopeston,  1904- 
05;   prin.  Hoopeston,  1905-07. 

1050.  Sara  Abbie  Laughlin   (Mrs.  Parsons),  1425  Grand  Ave.,  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.     Elem.  sch.,  Pueblo,  Col.,  1900-05.     Married  Oliver  Edwin 
Parsons,  Sept.,  1905. 

1051.  Helene  Marie  Lendman,  primary  teacher,  Sterling.    Griggsville, 
1900-01 ;    Sterling,  1901 — . 

1052.  Katherine   Loretta   Lucey,   teaching,   202  DeSoto   St.,   Ottawa. 
Sixth  grade,  Ottawa,  1900-07. 

*I053.    Jessie  McDonald  (Mrs.  Roy  Stewart),  died  Jan.  n,  1905.    T. 
Bloomington,  1900-03. 

1054.  Bernice  Blackburn  McKinney,  Normal.     St.  Bloomington  Con- 
servatory of  Music,  1904-06;    elem.  sch.,  Beason,  1901-03. 

1055.  Maude  Miller  (Mrs.  Folk),  31  Webb  St.,  Hammond,  Ind.     T. 
Rankin,  1900-01;    Bloomington,   1901-03;    Bluffs,   1903-04.     Married  Ray- 
mond A.  Folk,  Oct.  22,  1904. 

tios6.     Parthenia  Ellen  Miller  (Mrs.  Dr.  Dugan),  Lovington.    Taught 
3  yrs. 

1057.  Josephine  Marie  Moore,  teaching,  Lincoln  Sch.,   Bloomington. 
Present  position,  1900 — . 

1058.  Minnie    Nuckolls    (Mrs.    Schumacher),   405^    N.    Prairie   St., 
Champaign.     Elem.   sch.,  Chatham,   1901-02;    Urbana,   1902-03.     Married, 
H.  T.  Schumacher,  Aug.  31,  1903. 

1059.  Ida  May  Pearson   (Mrs.  Hiner),  707  W.   Green   St.,  Urbana. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1902-04.    T.  ElPaso,  1901-02;  Household  Science,  U.  of  I., 
1905.    Married  George  Elmer  Hiner,  July  26,  1905. 

1060.  Helen   Clifford   Putnam    (Mrs.   Beggs),  Ashland.     Asst.   prin. 
h.  s.,  Ashland,  1900-01.     Married  Charles  S.  Beggs,  Aug.  3,  1901. 

1061.  Etta  Grace  Quigg,  Minier.    Prin.  h.  s.,  Mackinaw,  1900-01. 

1062.  Florence    Cook   Sample    (Mrs.    Fleming),    1401    N.    Main   St., 
Bloomington.    Prin.  h.  s.  and  director  of  music  in  grades,  Auburn,  1900-01. 
Married  Harry  Livingston  Fleming,  April  8,  1903. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  325 

1063.  Blanche  Alberta  Skinner,  905   S.  University  St.,  Normal.     St. 
I.S.N.U.,  summer,  1906;    elem.  sch.,  Danvers,  1900-01;    Edwards  Sch., 
Bloomington,  1901-07. 

1064.  Elizabeth  Esther  Sprecher,  517  Village  St.,  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 
Completed  course  in  Man.  Tr.,  Western  Michigan  Normal   Sch. ;    elem. 
sch.,   Marinette,  Wis.,   1900-01;    St.   Charles,   1901-04;    Batavia,   1904-05; 
Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  1905-07. 

1065.  Edith   Melinda  Wallace,  teaching,   Calhoun  sch.,   Minneapolis, 
Minn.    Address  Holcomb  Hotel.    Chatsworth,  1900-01 ;    Decatur,  1901-05 ; 
Great  Falls,  Montana,  1905-06 ;    Minneapolis,  Minn.,  1906-07. 

1066.  Adelaide   Young    (Mrs.    Wallace),    1654   Thorn    St.,    Chicago 
Heights.    Elem.  sch.,  Hillsboro,  1900-02;    Chicago  Heights,  1902-03.    Mar- 
ried Leroy  E.  Wallace,  Aug.  12,  1903. 

1067.  Anna  Lou  Young,  teaching,   1529  Summit  St.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  summer  of  1904;    I.S.N.U.,  summer,  1905;    elem.  sch., 
Champaign,  1902-06;    Seattle,  Wash.,  1906-07. 

1068.  Wilbur  F.  Ament,  physician  and  surgeon,  Barnes  Univ.,  2923 
Pine  St.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.     St.   summer  term,  Chicago  Univ.;    College  of 
Medicine,  Barnes  Univ.,  1903-06;    prin.  of  sch.,  Lafayette,  1900-03.     Mrs. 
Ament  died  in  Lafayette,  Aug.  8,  1902. 

1069.  James  Horatio  Arnett,  medical  St.  Samaritan  Hospital,  Broad 
and  Ontario  Streets,   Philadelphia,   Penn.     St.  Temple  College,   Philadel- 
phia, 1905-07.     T.   rural  sch.,  Colfax,  1900-01 ;    prin.  ward   sch.,  Lincoln, 
1901-05. 

1070.  Gustave  Fred  Baltz,  cashr.  of  bank,  Millstadt.    Prin.  Millstadt, 
1900-03.     Married  Otillia  Diesel,  June  17,  1903. 

1071.  Adolph    Philip    Billen,   postal   clerk,    Belleville.      Taught   rural 
sch.,  1900-03.    Married  Johanna  K.  Thebus,  April  8,  1904. 

1072.  Arthur  Clinton  Boggess,  prof,  of  History  and  Political  Econ., 
Pacific  Univ.,  Forest  Grove,   Oregon.     Univ.  of  111.,   1900-02;    Univ.   of 
Wis.,  1902-04;    Univ.  of  Penn.,  Ph.D.,  1904-06.     Director  of  Oregon  His- 
torical Society,  1906. 

1073.  Guy  Seaman  Burtis,  treas.  and  gen.  mgr.  of  Thomas  A.  Brady 
Foundry  Co.,  2842  Archer  Ave.,  Chicago.    T.  h.  s.,  Leadville,  Col.,  1900-01 ; 
pres.  Benton  Harbor  Fdy.  Co.,  Benton  Harbor,  Mich.,  1907.    Married  Daisy 
A.  Skinner  (See  No.  1344),  Feb.  8,  1905. 

1074.  William  Ferguson  Cavins,  real  estate,  Mattoon.     Prin.,  Inclose, 
1900-01 ;   h.  s.,  Sullivan,  1903-04. 

1075.  Merton  Dart  Cox,  insurance  and  real  estate,  508  Main  St.,  Me- 
nominee,  Mich.     St.  Shurtleff  College,  1898-99;    Lake  Forest  Univ.,  1899- 
1900;   prin.  h.  s.,  Menominee,  Mich.,  1900-01.     Married  Elizabeth  Hutchin- 
son,  Dec.  26,  1904. 

1076.  John  Fay  Cusick,  Sec'y  Saving  and  Loan  Ass'n,  Chrisman.    St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  1901-03;   prin.,  Cherry  Point,  1900-01. 

1077.  Roscoe  Edward  Davis,  teaching,  Fort  Scott,   Kan.     St.  Univ. 
of  Chicago,  summer,  1905 ;    t.  Creston,  la.,  1900-02 ;    Ft.  Dodge,  la.,  1902- 
03 ;  physics  and  chemistry,  h.  s.  Fort  Scott,  Kan.,  1903 — .   Married  Frances 
Cole,  Aug.  7,  1906. 

*IO78.    Harold  James  Edmunds,  died  Oct.  6,  1900. 

1079.  James  Albert  Leroy  Fairchild,  teaching,  Terre  Haute,  Indiana. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1904-06;  prin.  elem.  sch.,  Sullivan,  1900-01;  English, 
Bustos,  P.  I.'s,  Bulacan  Province,  1901-03;  prin.  h.  s.,  Balinag,  B.  Prov- 
ince, 1903-04;  prin.  h.  s.,  Urbana,  1905-06;  prin.  elem.  sch.,  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.,  1906 — .  Married  Edna  Gertrude  Mills  (See  No.  1129),  Aug.  23,  1905. 


326  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1080.  Charles  Jerome  Fesler,  supt.,  Chandlerville.     Prin.   Hamilton, 
1900-01;    Dallas   City,   1901-02;    Magnolia,   1902-03;    Heyworth,   1903-04; 
Hopedale,  1904-06;    Chandlerville,  1906 — . 

1081.  Charles   Weston  Greenough,  county  supt.,  Grangeville,   Idaho. 
St.  N.I.S.N.S.,  DeKalb,  1900-01;    t.  Mt.  Palatine,  1901-02;    prin.,  Du- 
rand,  1902-04;   prin.  h.  s.,  Grangeville,  Idaho,  1905-06. 

1082.  Charles  Ellsworth  Gross,  farmer,  Eagle  Grove,  la.     Rural  sch., 
6  mos. ;  sec'y  Eagle  Grove  Farmers'  Elevator  Co.    Married  Verna  B.  Pick- 
ering, March  i,  1905. 

1083.  Henry  Heer,   12  N.  Fair   St.,  Belleville.     Prin.   of  Humboldt 
Sch.,  Belleville,  1900—. 

1084.  Adam  Albert  Hummel,  st.  Univ.  of  111.,  926  W.  111.  St.,  Urbana. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  June,  1905 — ;   rural  sch.,  Wanda,  Minn.,  1900;   elem.  sch., 
Macon,   spring,    1901 ;     prin.   west   side,    Normal,    1901-02 ;     instructor   in 
biology,  Galesburg  h.  s.,  1902-05. 

1085.  William  James  Jacob,  grocer,  1015  Union  Ave.,   N.   Portland, 
Oregon.     Prin.   Washougal,   Wash.,    1900-05;    prin.    Little   Falls,   Wash., 
1905-06. 

1086.  Oliver    Lincoln    Lyon,    pastor    of    Christian    church,    Newman. 
Sociology  and  economics,  111.  Wesleyan  Univ.,  1900-05 ;    English  lit.,  Okla- 
homa Christian  Univ.,  Enid,  Okla.,  fall,  1907 — ;    pub.  Practical  Work  on 
Evolution,  Outlines  on  U.  S.  History,  Psychology,  a  Basis  for  Pedagogy. 
Married  Etna  Place,  June  26,  1890. 

1087.  John  R.  McKinney,  chief  clerk  to  asst.  engr.,  O.S.L.  Railroad, 
Caldwell,   Idaho.     Rural   sch.,  Cabery,   1900-01;    prin.   Herscher,   1901-02; 
prin.,  Carbon,  Wyoming,  1902-03;    supt.,  Carbon,  1903-06. 

1088.  Frederick  David  Niedermeyer,  st.  Princeton  Theological  Sem., 
39  Brown  Hall,  Princeton,  New  Jersey.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1902-04;    elem. 
sch.,  Eden  and  Middletown ;    prin.,  Potomac  and  Murphy sboro,  1904-06. 

1089.  Wilson  James   Perry,   physician   and   surgeon,   corner   of  49th 
Aye.,  and  Thomas  St.,  Chicago.     St.  Rush  Med.  College,  1901-05 ;    asst. 
prin.,   Gibson  City,   1900-01 ;    interne  in   Presbyterian  Hospital,    Chicago, 
1905-06. 

1090.  Charles  A.  Ryburn,  Heyworth.     Prin.  of  h.  s.,  Marion,  1901-03. 

1091.  John  Carl  Stine,  supt.  Henry.     Univ.  of  111.,  1901-03 ;    Univ.  of 
Chicago,  summer  of  1906;    prin.   Mt.   Palatine,   1900-01;    Brighton,    1903- 
04;   Pleasant  Plains,  1904-06;   supt.,  Henry,  1906 — . 

1092.  Henry  Field  Stout,  supt.  Genoa.    St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  summer, 
1901 ;    science,  h.   s.,   Sycamore,   1900-03 ;    supt.   Genoa,   1903 — .     Married 
Mary  Johnston  Wells  (See  No.  986),  Aug.  6,  1903. 

1093.  Charles  Penrose  Tiley,  sec'y  Calhoun  Brick  and  Clay  Co.,  602 
Benoist  Bldg.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.    Elem.  sch.,  Belleville,  1900-03. 

1094.  Frederick  Marsh  Trumbull,  farmer,  Stillman  Valley.     T.  Rock 
ford,  1900-04.    Married,  1903. 

1095.  Isaac  Newton  Warner,  teaching,  Normal.     Prin.  Abby  C.  Wing 
Sch.,  Elgin.,  1900-03;   prin.  Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.  1903-06;   prin.  h.  s.  and 
critic  tea.  for  8th  grade,  I.S.N.U.,  1906 — ;    arithmetic,  I.S.N.U.  sum- 
mer sch.,  1903-07.    Married  Eva  Redmon,  Dec.  30,  1894. 

1096.  David  Hopkins  Wells,  supt.  East  Side  sch.,  ElPaso.     St.  Milli- 
kin  Univ.,  Decatur,   1904-05 ;    Prin.  h.  s.,  Carrollton,   1900-04 ;    supt.   El- 
Paso 1905-07.     Married  Martha  E.  Dougherty,  June  18,  1903. 

1097.  Charles  William  Whitten,  asst.  in  Natural  science,  N.I.S.N.S., 
DeKalb.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  A.B.,  1906;    asst.  in  science  and  math.,  I.S. 
N.U.,    1900-03;    physics   and  geometry,  acad.   of   Univ.   of   111.,   1903-06; 
present  position,  1906 — .    Married  Jessie  Cunningham  (See  No.  701),  1904 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  327 

1098.  Frank  Lester  Wilson,  laundry,  Roodhouse.     St.  Chicago  Univ., 
summers  of  1900  and  1901.    Carrollton  h.  s.,  1900-02;   prin.  Ipava,  1902-03; 
math.,  h.  s.,  Bloomington,  1903-06. 

CXASS  OF  1901 

1099.  Grace  Matilda  Allen,  teaching,  508  S.  4th  St.,  Champaign.     St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  1903-05 ;   h.  s.  Centralia,  1901-02 ;    eighth  grade,  Dalton,  1902- 
03;    math,  in  h.  s.,  Champaign,  1905 — . 

noo.    Annie  Maple  Brodhead  (See  No.  1032). 

1101.  Mary  Etta   Calder,  teaching,   Pocatello,  Idaho.     T.  elem.   sch., 
Chatsworth,  1901-04;    McCammon,  Idaho,  1904-05;    Pocatello,  1905-07. 

1102.  Sophia  Catherine  Camenisch,  teacher  of  history,  Harris  h.  s., 
Petersburg.    T.  elem.  sch.,  ElPaso,  1901-04;    h.  s.,  Petersburg,  1904-07. 

1103.  Nellie   Gertrude    Clancy,   primary  teacher,  402    E.   Locust  St., 
Bloomington.     T.  Bloomington,  1901-07. 

1104.  Julia  Coffman,   teaching,  290  E.  6oth  St.,  Chicago.     T.   elem. 
sch.,  Danville,  1901-05;    Chicago,  1905-07. 

*iios.  Edna  Leona  Crawson  (Mrs.  Spear),  died  April  11,  1906.  Tea. 
rural  sch.,  1901-02;  elem.  sch.,  Fithian,  1902-04.  Married  William  F. 
Spear,  Aug.  16,  1904. 

1106.  Lora  M.  Dexheimer,  training  teacher,  I.S.N.U.,  Normal.     T. 
primary,   Melvin,   1901-02;     I.S.N.U.,    1902-07.     Spent   summer  of   1906 
in  Europe. 

1107.  Luella  Mae  Dilley  (Mrs.  Evelsizer),  Deaconess  of  M.  E.  Ch , 
611  Vine  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Finished  Bible  Course  in  Lucy  Webb  Hayes 
National  Training  Sch.  for  Deaconesses,  Washington,  D.  C,  1904-06.     T. 
English,  ElPaso  h.  s.,  1900-01 ;    elem.  sch.,  Jacksonville,  1903-04.     Married 
Charles  Henry  Evelsizer,  Bloomington,  Aug.  26,  1902,  who  died  Oct.  5, 
1902. 

1108.  Mertie  May  Dillon,  503  E.  Mulberry  St.,  Normal.     St.  Univ. 
of  111.,  A.B.,  1901-04;    Chicago  Univ.,  1906. 

1109.  Florence  Frances   Eldridge,   711    S.   Clayton   St.,  Bloomington. 
T.  in  Bloomington,  1900 — . 

*mo.  Ida  Lena  Fleischer  (Mrs.  George  W.  Egley),  died  at  Onarga, 
Apri.  18,  1905.  T.  Onarga,  1901-02. 

1 1  u.  Jennie  Ford,  teacher,  879  W.  North  St.,  Decatur.  T.  Clinton, 
1901-02;  Yorkville,  1902-05;  Decatur,  1905-07. 

1 1 12.  Laura  Caroline  Foster  (Mrs.  Rathbun),  tea.  of  English,  Adel- 
phian  Academy,  Holly,  Michigan.     Asst.  h.  s.,  LeRoy,  1901-04.     Married 
Mr.  F.  O.  Rathbun,  Holly,  Mich.,  Sept.  24,  1905. 

1113.  Clara  Theresa  Fritter,  teacher  of  elocution  and  art,  Univ.  of 
Middle  Tennessee,  Tullahoma,  Tenn.     T  .elem.  sch.,  Lovington,  1901-02; 
Lexington,  1902-03 ;    Hinckley,  1903-05 ;    Tullahoma,  1906 — . 

1114.  Edna  Elizabeth  Fritter  (Mrs.  Bates),  Kerrick.     T.  elem.  sch., 
Onarga,  1901-02;    supervisor  of  drawing,  Warren  pub.  sch.,  1902-03.    Mar- 
ried Roy  Bates,  Kerrick,  Dec.  25,  1903. 

1115.  Amelia    Helen    Gmehlin    (Mrs.    Hall),   827    Twenty-third    St., 
Cairo.     T.   Hawthorne  sch.,  Bloomington,    1902-05.     Married   George   M. 
Hall,  October  4,  1905. 

1116.  Lillian  Gray,  asst.  prin.  and  tea.  of  English,  Hawk  Creek  twp. 
h.    s.,    Gilson.     T.    Cisco,    1901-04;     Mendon,    1904-05;     present    position, 
1905—. 


328  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

1117.  Birdie  Wilmah  Green,  teaching,  1056  N.  Edward  St.,  Decatur. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  summer,  1906;  elem.  sch.,  Lovington,  1901-03;  elem. 
sch.,  Decatur,  1903 — . 

tiu8.     Mamie  Haines,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

1119.  Bessie  W.  Harrington,  student,  1342  Volland  St.,  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1904 — ;    asst.  prin.  Jefferson   Park  h.  s.,  El- 
Paso,  1901-04. 

1120.  Gertrude  Viola  Heller,  teaching,  Normal.    Primary  tea.,  Maroa, 
1901-04;   elem.  sch.,  Normal,  1906 — . 

1121.  Edith  Marian  Higgins   (Mrs.  Bray),  919  Fulton  St.,  Chicago. 
Elem.  sch.,  Elk  Grove,  1901-03.     Married  Albert  H.  Bray,  Chicago,  June 
25,  1903- 

1 122.  Edith  Maude  Hoit,  teaching,  Madison  sch.,  Quincy.    Elem.  sch., 
Quincy,  1901 — . 

1123.  Sarah  Matilda  Hummel,  st.,  926  W.  Illinois  St.,  Urbana.     St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  1906 — ;   t.  Downs,  1902-03;   Normal,  1903-05. 

1124.  Ida  May  Loring  (Mrs.  Walters),  teacher  of  art,  801  E.  Wood 
St.,  Decatur.    St.  Art  Institute ;    Sch.  of  Fine  Arts ;    Toronto  Art  Acad. ; 
t.  kindergarten;    special  drawing  tea.     Married  F.  J.   Walters,   Nov.  29, 
1904,  who  died. 

1125.  Birdie  Major,  student,   1313  Geddes  Ave.,  Ann  Arbor,   Mich. 
St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1905 — ;    elem.  sch.,  Henry,  1901-03;    Walnut,  1903-05. 

fii26.  Frances  Baldwin  Mann  (Mrs.  Carl  Lang),  Cahoka,  Mo.  T. 
h.  s.,  Cahoka,  Mo.,  4  yrs. 

1127.  Elvira  Ellen  Mark,  teacher  of  English,   State  Normal  School, 
Albion,  Idaho.     Studied,  Univ.  of  111.,  A.B.,  1902-04.     T.  Centralia  h.  s., 
1901-02;    Oxford  College,  Oxford,  Ohio,  il/2  yrs,  1904-05;    Albion,  Idaho, 
1906—. 

1128.  Susie  Merker,  teaching,  827  W.  Macon  St.,  Decatur.     Primary, 
Cisco,  1901-04;    Bement,  1904-05;   Union,  N.  J.,  1905-06;   Decatur,  ioo6A 

1129.  Edna  Gertrude  Mills  (Mrs.  Fairchild),  2052  N.  7th  St.,  Terre 
Haute,  Ind.     St.  Millikin  Univ.,  one  semester,  1904 ;    Univ.  of  111.,  one 
semester,   1906.     T.  primary,  Tuscola,   1901-02.     Married  James  A.  Fair- 
child  (See  No.  1079),  August  23,  1905. 

1130.  Daisy  Alice  Morris  (Mrs.  Rome),  Fisher.    T.  elem.  sch.,  Mat- 
toon,  1001-03.    Married  Seymour  Rome,  Fisher,  Feb.  26,  1903. 

1131.  Celia   Frances   Munch    (Mrs.   Butterfield),   teacher,   212   Elgin 
Ave.,  Joliet.     T.  rural  sch.,  Cook  Co.,  1901-02;    elem.  sch.,  Harlem,  1902- 
05;    James  Otis  Sch.,  Chicago,  1905-06.     Married  Eber  Butterfield,  Joliet, 
April  28,  1905. 

1132.  Olive  Estelle  Peck,  teaching,  Wray,  Col.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich., 
fall,  1903;   t.  primary,  Wyanet,  1901-03;   Wray,  Col.,  1905 — . 

1133.  Martha   Philips    (Mrs.   Brown),    Savanna.     Primary,    Savana, 
1901-03.    Married  George  D.  Brown,  Savanna,  Sept.  27,  1905. 

1134.  Florence  Elizabeth  Pitts,  st.  Univ.  of  Paris,  126  rue  de  la  Pompe, 
Paris,  France.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1902-04.     Prin.  Griggsville  h.  s.,  1901-02; 
inst.  in  English,  Univ.  of  111.,  1904-06. 

1135.  Pearl  Prickett   (Mrs.  Passmore),  Huntley.     Elem.  sch.,  Hunt- 
ley,  1901-04.    Married  Charles  Lucius  Passmore,  April  3,  1904. 

1136^  Louise  Margaret  Reinmiller  (Mrs.  Eldridge),  DeKalb.  Elem. 
sch.,  Odell  and  Joliet,  1901-02 ;  rural  sch.,  near  Cornell,  1902-03 ;  near 
Wilson,  1903-04;  grades,  Chatsworth,  1904-05.  Married  Rev.  C.  D.  Eld- 
ridge,  July  25,  1905. 

1137.  Josephine  W.  Serf  (Mrs.  Haight),  721  Stephenson  St.,  Free- 
port.  Taught  in  grades,  Freeport,  1901-03;  bookkeeper,  1904-05.  Mar- 
ried Paul  Haight,  Dec.  27,  1905. 


ILLINOIS  STATE)  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  329 

1138.  Clara  Eugenia  Trimble,  teaching,  200  West  H3th  Place,  Chi- 
cago.    St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1901-04;    critic  teacher,  I.S.N.U.,  1902-03;    his- 
tory, Urbana  h.  s.,  1904-06;    George  William  Curtis  h.  s.,  Chicago,  1906—. 

1139.  Florence  Lillian  Uzzell   (Mrs.  Day),  Bethalto.     Tea.  primary, 
Venice,  1901-03;    grades,  Bethalto,   1903-06.     Married  Eugene  Day,  Oct. 
22,  1902. 

1140.  Jennie  Entriken  Wells,  teacher,  1592  N.  Church  St.,  Decatur. 
Grades,  Maroa,   1901-02;    ElPaso,   1902-05;    Sangamon  Street  Sch.,  De- 
catur, 1905 — . 

1141.  Jessie  Bell  Wells,  teaching,  ElPaso.     Primary,  ElPaso,  1901 — . 

1142.  Clara   Wetzel,    teacher,   235   N.    Soto   St.,    Los   Angeles,    Cal. 
Elem.  sch.,  Streator,  1901-02;    Stonington,  1902-03;    Los  Angeles,  1904 — . 

1143.  George  Lee  Baker,  accountant  in  offices  of  Mo.  Pac.  R.  R.,  2816 
Gamble  St.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.    Supt.  of  Boys'  Reformatory,  Pontiac,  1901-06. 

1144.  Samuel  Brooks,   farmer,   Mason  City,  R.F.D.    No.  5.     Rural 
sch.,  3  yrs. ;    prin.  h.  s.,  Marseilles,   I  yr.     Married  Carrie  Wilson,  Feb. 
15,  1906. 

1145.  Clarence  Edward   Burt,  bookkeeper,   Normal.     St.   I.S.N.U., 
summer,  1903.    Prin.  Garfield  Sch.,  Pekin,  1901-02;    Plainfield,  1902-05. 

1146.  James  Russell  Forden,  salesman,  767  E.  Salmon  St.,  Portland, 
Oregon.     St.  Sch.  of  Ed.,  Univ.  of  Chicago,  summer,  1901 ;    Naas  sch.  of 
Sloyd,   Naas,  Sweden;    Knaben-fur-Handarbeit,  Leipzig,   Germany,  sum- 
mer, 1904;   Teachers'  College,  Columbia  Univ.,  1904-05;   tea.  man.  training, 
Saginaw,   Mich.,   1901-02;    Normal  Sch.,  River  Falls,   Wis.,   1902-04;    di- 
rector of  man.  tr.,  State  Normal  Sch.,  Dillon,  Mont.,  1905-06.     Married 
Eleanor  Nottingham,  June  27,  1906 

1147.  Frank   J.    George,   prin.    Lincoln   Sch.,    1109   De   La   Vine    St., 
Santa  Barbara,   Cal.     U.   S.  Gov't  teacher,   Philippine   Islands,  provinces 
Pangasinan,    Manilla,   and    San    Fabian,    1901-05.      Married   Josephine    E. 
Maranville,  July  26,  1905. 

1148.  Orville  James   Gunnell,   real  estate,  4  E.   Main  St.,  Danville. 
Prin.  Grant  sch.,  Danville,  1901-02;    Tilton,  1902-04.     Married  Dorothy  N. 
Kemp,  Nov.  30,  1904. 

1149.  William   Hawkes,   teaching,    Minonk.     St.   Univ.   of  111.,   sum- 
mers, 1902,  03,  and  04;    prin.  Ipava,  1901-02;    supt.  Eureka,  1902-05;    supt. 
Minonk,  1905 — . 

1150.  Aaron  Hey  ward,  teaching,  Cavalier,  N.  D.     St.  Univ.  of  Wis., 
Ph.B.,  1901-03;   tea.  Cavalier,  N.  D.,  1904 — . 

1151.  Jacob  Harold  Heinzelman,  fellow  in  mod.  lang.,  U.  of  C,  5648 
Drexel  Ave.,  Chicago.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1901-02;    Univ.  of  Chicago,  1902- 
03,  1905 — . ;    supt.  sch.,  Washington,  1903-05.     Married  Emelyne  S.  Voor- 
hees,  Sept.  5,  1906. 

1152.  Josiah  Campbell  Hoke,  county  supt.  of  schools,  Sullivan.     Co. 
supt.  sch.,  Moultrie  county,  1902 — . 

1153.  Lee  I.  Knight,  teacher,  Washington.    St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1901-02; 
Univ.  of  Chicago,  1902-03;   same,  summers,  1904-5-6;   prin.  h.  s,.  Washing- 
ton, 1905 — . 

1154.  George  Larson,   salesman,   Independent  Harvester   Co.,   Piano. 
Hudson,   1901-03;    Kentland,  Ind.,  1903-04;    Kempton,  1904-06.     Married 
Cora  Oswood,  August  25,  1906. 

1155.  James  Harrison  Morton,  storekeeper  at  Northern  Hospital  for 
Insane,  750  S.  State  St.,  Elgin.    St.  Univ.  of  111.,  three  summers,  1905-06; 
prin.   Wethersfield   Sch.,  Kewanee,    1901-03 ;    Ashkum,    1903-05.     Married 
Mary  Grier,  June  3,  1902. 


330  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

1156.  William  August  Otto,  teaching,  343  3rd  Ave.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  summers,  1903  and  04;    Univ.  of  Mich.,  1905-07;    asst. 
prin.  h.  s.,  White  Hall,  1901-03;   prin.  h.  s.,  Rochelle,  1903-04;   German  and 
English,  East  Division  h.  s.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1906 — . 

1157.  Arthur  Orville  Rape,  prin.  Burke  Sch.,  6541  Normal  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago.    Supt.  Dolton,  1901-04;   prin.  in  Chicago,  1904-07;    articles  on  Phys- 
iology, for  School  Nezvs,  1904-05.     Married  Minnie  E.  Wallace,  July  27, 
1904. 

1158.  William  Vernon  Skiles,  teaching,  79  W.  North  Ave.,  Atlanta, 
Ga.    St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1904-06;   prin.  Melvin,  1901-02;   Loda,  1902-04; 
adjunct  prof,  of  mathematics,  Georgia  h.  s.,  Technology,  1906 — .    Married, 
Ethel  McWhirter,  Nov.  28,  1901. 

1159.  Harvey  Benjamin  Urban,  student,  Univ.  of  111.,  712  Elm  St., 
Urbana.     Prin.  Ohio,  1901-04;    LaMoille,  1904-06.    Married  Carrie  Travis 
(See  No.  925),  Normal,  July  16,  1901. 

1160.  George  William  Wright,  publisher,  846  S.  English  Ave.;  Spring- 
field.    State  manager  Topical  Bible  Publishing  Co.,   1901-05;    vice-presi- 
dent Alpha  Pub.  Co.,  1906—.    Married  Bertha  Bird,  May  8,  1902. 

CLASS  OF  1902 

1161.  Bernice  Gertrude  Beeler,  teaching,  807  E.  Market  St.,  Bloom- 
ington.    Rural  sch.,  1903-04 ;  near  Hudson,  1904-05 ;   Sheridan  sch.,  Bloom- 
ington,  1905-07. 

1162.  Willis  Elma  Berry   (Mrs.  Cromwell),  Nebo,  111.     Rural  sch., 
Decatur,  1902-03;    Pleasant  Hill,  1903-04.     Married  Dr.  J.  H.  Cromwell, 
Nov.  i,  1904. 

1163.  Ida  Wendover  Bond,  teaching,  802  Harrison  St.,  Mt.  Vernon. 
St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  summers,  1903-06;   tea.  English,  twp.  h.  s.,  Mt.  Ver- 
non, 1902 — . 

1164.  Minnie  Breining,  teacher,  Peru.     St.  in  Augsburg  summer  sch. 
of  drawing,  1905.     Tea.  Peru,  1902 — . 

1165.  Bessie  Sarah  Briggle,  Rushville.     Tea.  St.  Anne,  2  yrs. 

1166.  Josephine  Amelia  Briggs    (Mrs.  McKnight),  Lexington,  Neb. 
T.  Delavan,  1902-03;    rural  sch.  near  Delavan,  1903-04;   Delavan,  1904-05. 
Married  Joseph  McKnight,  July  5,  1905. 

1167.  Ida  May  Burlingame,  teaching,  Stanford.     Primary,  Washing- 
ton, 1902-05 ;   Stanford,  1905-07. 

1168.  Myrtle  Marie   Champion    (Mrs.  Bowles),   Normal.     St.   Wes- 
leyan  Conservatory  of  Music,  1902-03.    Married  LaFoy  Earle  Bowles,  Nor- 
mal, June  25,  1903. 

1169.  Ada    Belle    Clark,    teaching,    Bloomington.      Tea.    elem.    sch., 
Bloomington,  1902 — . 

1170.  Estelle   Pearl   Corson,  primary  teacher,  Wapata,  Wash.     Pri- 
mary, Gridley,  1902-04;   Wapata,  Wash.,  1904 — . 

1171.  Virginia   Frances   Crouch,   teaching,  355    S.   Grand   Ave.,   Los 
Angeles,  Cal.     St.  State  Univ.  Berkeley,  Cal.,  summer,  1904;    tea.  Kirk- 
wood,  1902-04;   Ventura,  Cal.,  1904-06;    Los  Angeles,  1906 — . 

1172.  Ruth  Anna  David,  teaching,  232  W.   Pine  St.,  Canton.     Tea. 
h.  s.,  Canton,  1902-07. 

1173.  Dula  Mae  Dawson,  teaching,  Fairbury.  Primary  work,  Streator, 
1902-03;    Boulder,  Col.,  1903-05;   fifth  grade,  Fairbury,  1905 — . 

1174.  Worthy  Jean  De  Van,  teaching,   1213  N.  Union  St.,  Decatur. 
Mattoon,  1902-06;   Decatur,  1906 — . 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  331 

1175.  Florence  Dorothy  Dixon,  primary  teacher,  Darwin  Sch.,  Chi- 
cago.   Arcola,  1902-03;    Streator,  1903-04;    Chicago,  1904 — . 

1176.  Delia  Mae  Eaton,  teaching,  904  N.  Edward  St.,  Decatur.     St. 
Millikin  Univ. ;    t,  Decatur  sch.,  1902 — . 

1177.  Hattie  Mae  Eaton,  student,  206  W.  Lincoln  St.,  Normal.     St. 
111.  Wesleyan  Univ.,  1905 — ;    tea.  Hopedale,  1902-04;    Delavan,  1904-05. 

1178.  Lucy  Elizabeth  Edmunds,  Dir.  of  Religious  Work,  Y.W.C.A.,. 
Milwaukee,  Wis.    St.  sec'y  Tr.  Inst.  for  Assn.  Workers,  Chicago,  1904-05 ; 
prin.  h.  s.,  Eureka,  1902-04;   present  position,  1905 — . 

1179^  Clara  Erbes,  teaching,  Centralia.  St.  Chicago  Univ.,  summer, 
1903 ;  tea.  h.  s.  and  twp.  h.  s.,  Centralia,  1902-07. 

1180.  Lulu  May  Estee,  teaching,  Elma,  Wash.     Odell,  1902-03;    Gib- 
son City,  1903-04;    Prairie  City,  1904-05;    Elma,  1905 — . 

1181.  Frances  Roxana  Fletcher,  teaching,  349  Chicago  Ave.,  Kanka- 
kee.    Tea.  Streator,  i  yr. 

1182.  Rosilda  Josephine   Fontaine,   teaching,   3912   Russell  Ave.,   St. 
Louis,  Mo.    Tea.  Craft,  1902-03 ;  Lincoln,  1903-05 ;  East  St.  Louis,  1905-06 ; 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1906 — . 

1183.  Anna    Foreman,   teaching,    1692   Kenmore   Aye.,   Chicago.      St. 
Univ.  of  Chicago ;    prin.  Washington  Sch.,  Chicago  Heights ;    elem.  sch., 
Chicago,  1904 — . 

1184.  Mary  Louise  Gay,  teaching,  Riverside.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1905- 
06;    tea.  h.  s.,  Onarga,  1902-03;    h.  s.,  Normal,  1903-05;    h.  s.,  Riverside, 
1906 — . 

1185.  Ethel  Magnolia  Green,  teaching,  Madison,  Wis.    Ribbing,  Minn., 
primary,    1902-05;     Great    Falls,    Montana,    1905-06;     primary    supervisor, 
Madison,  1906 — . 

1186.  May   Gvillp    (Mrs.    Lebegue),    Oglesby.     Asst.   prin.,    Pawnee, 
1902-03.    Married  Julius  V.  Lebegue,  August  5,  1903.     (See  No.  1234.) 

1187.  Minnie  Julina  Hallock,  Bradford.     T.  primary,  Utica,  1902-04; 
Yorkville,  1904-06. 

1188.  Ethel  Rowena  Hamilton,  teaching,  712  Marinette  Ave.,  Marin- 
ette,  Wis..    Tea.  Latin  and  Math.,  h.  s.,  Arcola,  1902-03 ;   math.  h.  s.,  Mar- 
inette, Wis.,  1903-07. 

1189.  Elizabeth  Hitchcock,  teaching,  Marshall.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago, 
summer,  1906;   elem.  sch.,  Bloomington,  1902-03;    critic  tea.,  W.I.S.N.S., 
Macomb,  1903-06;    Eng.  twp.  h.  s.,  Marshall,  1906-07. 

HQp.  Hulda  Hollstein,  prin.  Washington  Sch.,  Chicago  Heights. 
Prin.  and  grade  tea.,  1902 — . 

*H9i.  Daisy  Bell  Huntington,  died  May  21,  1905.  Primary  critic, 
Streator,  1902-04 ;  State  Normal  Sch.,  Monmouth,  Oregon,  1904-05. 

1192.  Eugenia  Johnson,  teaching,  Sheridan  Sch.,  516  S.  Clayton  St., 
Bloomington.    Tea.  Danville,  1902-04. 

1193.  Gertrude  Maude  Johnston    (Mrs.   Posey),   736  S.   Second   St., 
Mankato,  Minn.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1904-05 ;    drawing  tea.,  Ft.  Smith, 
Ark.,   1902-03 ;    primary  critic  State   Normal  Sch.,  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo., 
1903-04;    primary,   State   Normal   Sch.,   Mankato,    Minn.,    1905.     Married 
Chessley  J.  Posey  (See  No.  790),  Dec.  27,  1903. 

1194.  Evelyn  Lovenia  Kinne,  Asst.  postmistress,  Senate,  Springfield. 
Tea.  pjimary,  Bloomington,  1902-04;    Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  1904-05;    Bloom- 
ington, first  semester,  1905-06. 

1195.  Estella  May  Le  Stourgeon,  teaching,  411  N.  Walnut  St.,  Cen- 
tralia.    Grammar  grades,  Centralia,  1902-04;    departmental  work,  1904-07. 

1196.  Lucy    Lenora    Lindsey,    teaching,    Saybrook.      Primary,    Green 
Valley,  1902-04;    Danville,  1904-06;    Saybrook,  1906-07. 


332  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1197.  Sarah  Ann  Marks,  st.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  home  address,  Peca- 
tonica.    Asst.  prin.  ward  sch.,  Rockford,  1902-06. 

1198.  Katherine  Anna  Moore,  teaching,  Ottawa.    Elem.  sch.,  Ottawa, 
1902 — . 

1199.  Clara  Louise  Morse,  asst.  in  h.  s.,  Gibson  City.    Univ.  of  111., 
summers,  1905  and  1906;   tea.  elem.  sch.,  Carlyle,  1903-04;    Vandalia,  1904- 
05;    Pana,  1905-06;   Gibson  City,  1906 — . 

fi2OO.    Anna  Laura  Odell,  Cadillac,  Mich.    Taught  3  yrs. 

1201.  Elsie  Paisley,  teaching,  613  N.  Alabama  St.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  summer,  1904;    rural  sch.,  1903;    elem.  sch.,  Charleston, 
1904;    Thomasville,  1904-05;    Indianapolis,  Ind.,  1905 — . 

1202.  Clara   Maude   Penstone,   prin.   h.   s.,   Griggsville.     Asst.   prin., 
East  Side  h.  s.,  ElPaso,  1902-03;    Griggsville  h.  s.,  1903 — . 

1203.  Mae  Evangeline  Picken,  teaching,  Morris,  Minn.     St.  Univ.  of 
Minn.,  1905 ;    first  grade  Hibbing,  Minn.,  1902-05 ;    Morris,  Minn.,  1906 — . 

1204.  Norma  Anna  Proctor,  prin.  h.  s.,  Heyworth.     Elem.  sch.,  East 
Side,  ElPaso,  1904-05 ;   h.  s.,  Heyworth,  1905 — . 

1205.  Jessie  Eulalia  Rambo,  student,  926  W.  Illinois  St.,  Urbana.    St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  1906 — ;   rural  sch.,  Putnam  Co.,  1903-04;   prin.  h.  s.,  Wenona, 
1904-06. 

1206.  Blanche  Ada  Reitzell  (Mrs.  Dillon),  202  W.  45th  St.,  Los  An- 
geles, Cal.    Tea.  Juda,  Wis.,  1902-03.    Married  Frank  Dillon,  Aug.  16,  1903. 

1207.  Mary  Emma  Renich,  teaching,  Woodstock.     Prin.  h.  s.,  Griggs- 
ville, 1902-04;    prin.  h.  s.,  Woodstock,  1904 — . 

1208.  Elizabeth  Renshaw,  teaching,  Farmer  City.     Rural  sch.,  Men- 
dota,  1902-03;    same,  Waverly,  1903-04;    same,  Randolph,  1904-06;    same, 
Farmer  City,  1906-07. 

1209.  Emma  E.  L.  Robinson,  literary  work,  Sunset  Boulevard   and 
Sutherland  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1210.  Minnie  Louise  Robinson,  teaching,  1411  N.  Main  St.,  Bloom- 
ington.     Silvan  Springs,  Ark.,  1902-03;    Riverside,  Cal.,  1903-06;   primary, 
Bloomington,  1906 — . 

121 1.  Margaret  Wilhelmine   Schilling,  teaching,  Freeport  elem.   sch. 
Freepqrt,  1902 — . 

1212.  Isabel  Simeral,  teaching,  Bloomington.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago; 
asst.  h.  s.,  Bloomington,  1904 — . 

1213.  Jessie  Josephine  Simmons,  teaching,  Carthage,  111. 

1214.  Margaret  Susannah  Sleeper,  teaching,  417  N.  I2th  St.,  Waco, 
Tex.     Elem.  sch.,  Waco,  Tex.,  1902 — . 

1215.  Carrie  Rose  Sparks,  teaching,  Lincoln.     St.   man.  tr.   Bradley 
Polytechnic,    summer,    1906;     elem.    sch.,    Lincoln,    1902-04;     bookkeeper, 
Farmington,  1904-05;    prin.  Lincoln,  1905 — . 

1216.  Bernice   Ethel    Stapleton    (Mrs.   Leach),   707    E.   Walnut   St., 
Bloomington.     Elem  sch.,  Bloomington,   1902-1906.     Married  William  B. 
Leach,  Dec.  19,  1906. 

1217.  Anna  M.  Stephenson  (Mrs.  Haney),  918  Iowa  Ave.,  Iowa  City, 
la.     Elem  sch.,  Oak  Park,  1902-06.     Married  Lewis  H.  Haney,  Aug.  20, 
1906. 

1218.  Mabel  Katilda  Strauss,  teaching,  400  N.  6th  Ave.,  Quincy.    Pri- 
mary tea.,  Quincy,  1902 — . 

1219.  Erne  A.  L.  Tregellas,  teaching,  358  LaSalle  St.,  Chicago.    Tea. 
ElPaso,  2  yrs. ;    Wilmette,  i  yr. 

1220.  Harriet    Belle   Vail,   supr.   music,   Tuscan,   Ariz.     Elem.   sch., 
Yorkville,  1904-05 ;   present  position,  1905 — . 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY. 

1221.  Irma  E.  Voigt,  teaching,  Dixon.    Asst.  h.  s.,  Lexington,  1902-03 ; 
h.  s.  Fulton,  1903-06;   tea.  Latin,  h.  s.  Dixon,  1906 — . 

1222.  Nellie  Grace   Webster,  teaching,   1644  N.   Main   St.,  Decatur. 
Tea.  Pawnee,  1902-04;   Chenoa,  1904-06;   Decatur,  1906 — . 

1223.  Margaret  Rosalind  Weldon  (Mrs.  Kelly),  Normal,  R.F.D.  No. 
2,  Box  21.    Tea.  rural  sch.,  I  yr.    Married  Hugh  L.  Kelly,  June  9,  1903. 

1224.  Bertha  Gerish  Wilson,  student,  304  Honore  St.,  Chicago.     St. 
111.  Tr.  Sch.  for  Nurses,  Chicago,  1905 — ;    grades,  Franklin  Grove,  1902- 
04;    Berwyn,  1904-05. 

1225.  Thomas  Morse  Barger,  st.,  505  E.  Green  St.,  Champaign.     St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  1905-07;    prin.  Mazon,  1902-04;    twp.  h.  s.,  Mazon,  1904-05. 

1226.  Herman   John    Bassler,    stipt.,    Wenona.      St.    man.    tr.,   James 
Millikin  Univ.,  summer,  1905;    prin.  h.  s.,  Wenona,  1902-04;    supt.  same, 
1904 — .    Married  Anna  M.  Hoge,  Nov.  30,  1905. 

1227.  Edwin  Damman,  farming,   Buhl,   Idaho;    teaching,  445   S.  W. 
Temple   St.,   Salt  Lake   City,   Utah.     St.  one   summer,   Valparaiso,  Ind. ; 
prin.  Mt.  Palatine,   1902-03;    prin.  Crescent  City,   1903-04;    Northwestern 
Mil.  Acad.,   1904-05;    asst.  educational  director,   Y.M.C.A.,    San   Fran- 
cisco, 1905-06. 

1228.  Elzy   Franklin  Downey,   prin.,    Clyde.     St.   Univ.   of    Chicago, 
summers,  1904-06;    prin.  Manteno,  1902-03;    prin.  Clyde,  1903 — .     Married 
Lucinda  H.  Westbrook  (See  No.  987),  July  16,  1902. 

1229.  John    Thomas   Johnson,    instr.    in   biology,   W.I.S.N.S.,    Ma- 
comb.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  1901 ;    Univ.  of  111.,   1904-06 ;    instr.  in  nat- 
ural science,  academy,  Univ.  of  111.,  1902-06;  present  position,  1906 — .  Mar- 
ried Sarah  Elizabeth  Haskett,  April  6,  1899. 

1230.  Walter  Royal  Jones,  teaching,  Menominee,  Mich.     St.  Univ.  of 
Chicago,  summer,  1904;   prin.  h.  s.,  Rossville,  1902-03;    Table  Grove,  1903- 
04;    Champaign,  1904-05 ;   math,  in  h.  s.  Menominee,  Mich.,  1905 — . 

1231.  John  Winfred  Kern,  teaching,  Liberty ville.     Supt.  Mt.  Sterling, 
1902-04;   prin.  h.  s.,  Libertyville,  1904 — .    Married  Alice  N.  Newlove,  1896. 

*I232.  Reuben  Kofoid,  died  July  27,  1905.  Chemist,  Cal.  Powder 
Works,  2618  Etna  St.,  Berkeley,  Cal. ;  asst.  state  chemist,  New  York,  18 
mos. ;  chemist,  Carborundum  Co.,  7  mos. 

1233.  William    Henry    Kummer,    decorator,    610    W.    Jefferson    St., 
Bloomington.    Taught  2  yrs.    Married  Maude  E.  Jones,  Sept.  2,  1903. 

1234.  Julius   Victor   Le   Begue,    supt.   schools,   Oglesby.     Prin.   Kil- 
bourne,    1902-04;    Lostant,    1904-06;     present   position,    19016 — .      Married 
May  Gvillo  (See  No.  1186),  Aug.  5,  1903. 

1235.  Ervin   L.    McDuffee,    law    and    real    estate,    Livingston    Bldg., 
Bloomington.     Grad.  Wesleyan  Law  Sch.,  1902.    Married  Eva  Belle  Boyce 
(See  No.  857),  June,  1902. 

1236.  Will   Johnson    McFarland,   student,   505   E.    Green   St.,   Cham- 
paign.   St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1905-07;    h.  s.,  Havana,  1902-04;    prin.  h.  s.,  Car- 
rollton,  1904-05. 

1237.  Simon  Edward  Naffziger,  merchant  and  postmaster,  Goodfield. 
St.  Gem  City  Bus.  College,  Quincy,  1903;    rural  sch.,  Goodfield,  1902-03; 
prin.  Minier,  1903-04.    Married  Lucy  E.  Myero,  Feb.  u,  1906. 

1238.  Charles   Hubert  Oathout,   student,  Urbana.     St.  Univ.  of  111 , 
1904-07;     prin.    Flanagan,    1902-04.      Married    Mildred    Blanche    Rulison, 
June  6,  1904. 

1239.  Irwin  Ropp,  draughtsman  for  Western  Elec.  Co.,  594  Jackson 
Blvd.,  Chicago.     Tea.  rural  sch.,  McNabb,  1902-03 ;   prin.  Carlock,  1903-05. 


334  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1240.  Richard  E.  Selby,  supt.  of  sch.,  Momence.     St.  Univ.  of  111, 
summers,  1902-04 ;    supt.  Onarga,  1902-03 ;   present  position,  1903 — .    Mar- 
ried Charlotte  Winifred  Gaston,  Dec.  28,  1887. 

1241.  Harry  Dwight  Waggoner,  teaching,  2242  D.  St.,  Granite  City. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  summers,   1902-06;    prin.   Findlay,   1902-03;    prin.  h.  s., 
Granite  City,  1903 — .    Married  Mabel  Denning,  Dec.  27,  1906. 

1242.  Ellis  Bert  Wickersham,  western  mngr.  of  Amer.  Man.  Tr.  Co., 
300  Wabash  Ave.,   Chicago.     Prin.  Tallula,   1902-03;    supt.  Villisca,  la., 
1903-06.    Married  July  i,  1898. 

CLASS  OF  1903 

1243.  Georgia  Allen,  keeping  house  for  father,  Carlyle.     Tea.  gram- 
mar sch.,   Danvers,   1903-04;    Latin'  and   English,   twp.   h.   s.,   Biggsville, 
1905-06. 

1244.  Mary  Elizabeth  Allen,  teacher  in  elem.  s.,  508  S.  Fourth  St., 
Champaign.    St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1903-05 ;   elem.  s.,  Champaign,  1905 — . 

1245.  Carrie  Louise  Barber,  eighth  grade,   Bisbee,  Ariz.     St.  Univ. 
of  Wisconsin,  1904-05 ;  prin.  Lindenwood,  1903-04 :  tea.  Arizona,  1905-date. 

1346.     Mamie  Louise  Bechstein,  teaching,  Mokena.     Asst.  prin.  h.  s., 
Minonk,  1903-05 ;   asst.  in  elem.  sch.,  1905 — . 

1247.  Lucy   Adelia   Bosworth    (Mrs.   Stearns),   librarian   of   Lincoln 
Coll.,  127  Keokuk  St.,  Lincoln.    Tea.  elem.  s.,  Brewster,  Minn.,  1808-99; 
elem.    s.,    Waukegan,    1903-04;    librarian    Lincoln    Coll.,    1905.      Married 
John  B.  Stearns,  June  28,  1904. 

1248.  Margaret  Lee  Bowen,  teacher,  Bloomington.  Tea.  Clinton,  1903- 
04;  Bloomington,  1904. 

1249.  Daisy   M.   Burke,  teacher,   Edwards   Sch.,   Bloomington.   Pres- 
ent position,   1903 — . 

ti25o.     Ida  May  Cardiff,  Minooka,  Montana.    Teacher,  2  yrs. 

1251.  Mary  Edith  Christy,  prin.  h.  s.,  Winona.     St.  I.S.N.U.,  summer 
term,  1905;  Univ.  of  111.,  summer  term,  1906;  asst.  prin.,  Rankin,  1903-05; 
prin.  h.  s.,  Maroa,  1905-06;  prin.  h.  s.,  Winona,  1906 — . 

1252.  Alice  Maude   Cole,  teacher  of  music  and  English,  twp.  h.  s., 
Princeton.     St.  Silver  Burdette  Sch.  of  Pub.   Sch.  Music,  summer,  1903; 
Univ.  of  111.,  summer,  1904-05-06;  tea.  of  music  and  English,  Plainfield, 
1903-04 ;   Hoopeston,  1904-05 ;    Princeton,  1906 — . 

1253.  Grace  Stella  Colvin,  assistant  prin.  h.  s.,  Earlville.     St.  Univ. 
of  111.,  summer,  1904;  prin.  h.  s.,  Keithsburg,   1903-05;   asst.  prin.   Earl- 
ville, 1905 — . 

1254.  Frances   Louella    Dace,   at   home,   Rushville.      Fourth    grade, 
Rushville,   1896-1900;  teacher,  h.  s.,  El  Paso,  1903-05;  prin.  h.  s.,  Rush- 
ville, 1905-06. 

1255.  Mary  Priscilla  Davis,  teacher,  h.  s.,  Marseilles.     St.  Univ.  of 
111.,  1905 ;  teacher,  h.  s.,  Pringhar,  la.,  I  yr. ;  present  position,  2  yrs. 

1256.  Bertha  Elizabeth  Denning,  prin.  h.   s.,  Atlanta.     St.  Univ.  of 
111.,  summer,  1906;  asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  Mt.  Pulaski;  teacher,  Latin  and  Ger- 
man, 1904 — . 

11257.     Dora  Susanna  Duncan,  teaching,  Bement.  Tea.  primary,  Sea- 
ton,  I  yr. ;  Bement,  1904 — . 

1258.  Edith   Belle   Edwards,   prin.   Lincoln   Sch.,   Bisbee,   Ariz.     St. 
I.S.N.U.,  summer,  1004;  asst.  prin.  h.  s,  Mazon,  1903-04;  sixth  grade,  Cen- 
tral Sch.,  Bisbee,  1904-05 ;  prin.  Bisbee,  1905 — . 

1259.  Belle  Fairfield,  teaching,  Normal.     Tea.  English,  h.  s.,  Normal 
pub.  sch.,  1903 — 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  335 

1260.  Maude  Fairfield,  teacher  in  h.  s.,  Chenoa.     Prin.  h.  s.,  Chats- 
worth,  1903-04;    language  tea.,  Chenoa,  1904 — . 

1261.  Kathryn  Lorena  Foster,  instr.  in  music  in  the  Southern  Train- 
ing Sch.,  Graysville,  Tenn.     Elem.  s.,  Normal,  1903-06;    present  position, 
1906 — . 

ti262.  May  Gifford,  teaching,  14723  Robey  Ave.,  Harvey.  Tea.  Chi- 
cago Heights,  1903 — . 

1263.  Anna  Marion  Gillan,  teaching,  Calumet,  Mich.     Tea.  Watseka, 
1901-04;  Calumet,  1904 — . 

1264.  Lucy  Walker  Gilmer,  teaching  in  grades,  Ft.  Collins,  Colorado. 
St.  U.  of  C,  summer  of  1906;  teacher,  grammar  grades,  h.  s.,  Averyville, 
1903-06;  h.  s.,  Craig,  Colorado,  I9o6-Jan.,  1907;  present  position,  January, 
1907 — . 

1265.  Christena    Ramsey    Heritage,    teaching,    512    E.    Mulberry    St., 
Bloomington.    Tea.  Pawnee,  1903-04;   present  position,  1904 — . 

1266.  Harriet  Hetfield,  sec.  and  gen.  mgr.  Commercial  Ins.  Agency, 
3523   Bell  Aye.,   St.   Louis,   Mo.     Tea.   eighth  grade,   Riverside,   1903-05; 
present  position,  1905 — . 

1267.  Mary  Louise  Himes,  teaching,  Toulon.    Tea.  rural  sch.,  1903-05 ; 
Toulon,  1905 — . 

1268.  Julia    Montrose     Holder,    st.    Smith     College,     Tyler     House, 
Northampton,    Mass.      St.    111.    Wesleyan   Univ.,    1903-05 ;     Art   Students' 
League,  New  York,  part  of  1905 ;   Smith  Coll.,  1906 — . 

1269.  Mary   Lillian   Hughes,    at   home,   Rushville.     Elem.    s.,   Alton, 
1903-04- 

fi270.  Clara  Irene  Johnston,  teaching,  Mt.  Sterling.  Tea.  elem.  s., 
Tremont,  1903-04;  h.  s.,  1904-05;  Charlevoix,  Mich.,  1905-06;  h.  s.,  Mt. 
Sterling,  1906 — . 

1271.  Mary  Kemph,  teaching,  El  Paso.  Tea.  fifth  and  sixth  grades, 
1903-05 ;  seventh  and  eighth  grades,  1905 — . 

ti272.  Matilda  Klotz,  teaching,  Pinckneyville.  Tea.  h.  s.,  Pinckney- 
ville,  1903 — . 

1273.  Ada  Victoria  McCall,  prin.  h.  s.,  Vienna.  Tea.  sixth  grade,  Oak 
Park,  Sept.,  1903-Jan.,  1904;  asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  Vienna,  1904-06;  prin.,  Vi- 
enna,   1906—. 

1274.  Laura  Alberta  Masters,  teacher.  Chicago  Heights,  1330  Roscoe 
St.,  Chicago.    Tea.  Dwight,  1903-04;  Chicago  Heights,  1904 — . 

ti275.     Lucy  Jane  Mateer,  Marshall.     Tea.  elem.  s.,  Decatur,  1903-04. 

1276.  Esther  Cook  Mohr,  teaching,  h.  s.,  Pontiac.     St.  Prang's  Sum- 
mer Sch.,  1904;  Univ.  of  111.,  summer,  1905,  and  1905-06;  asst.  prin.  h.  s., 
Genoa,  1903-04;   prin.  h.  s.,  Genoa,  1904-05;   teacher  h.  s.,  Pontiac,  1906 — . 

1277.  Lauretta    Moynihan,   substituting   in  city   schools,   924  Jackson 
Bvld.,   Chicago.     St.   music,   Chicago,    1904-05 ;   teacher  third   and   fourth 
grades,  Dolton,  1905-06;  present  position,  1906 — . 

1278.  Nell  Alma  Nollen,  teaching  science,  h.  s.,  Atlanta.     St.  Univ. 
of  111.,   summers  of  1904  and   1905 ;    asst.   prin.,  Astoria,   1903-04 ;    h.   s., 
Atlanta,  1904 — . 

1279.  Mabel  Pennoyer,  teacher,  third  grade,  808  S.  Fifth  St.,  Spring- 
field.    St.   summer,  I.S.N.U.,   1904;  primary  tea.,   Pawnee,   1903-04;   third 
grade.   Springfield,   1904 — . 

1280.  Mary  Esther  Pfeil,  st.  Univ.  of  111.,  508  S.  Fourth  St.,  Cham- 
paign. St.  Univ.  of  111.,  summers  of  1906  and  1906-07;  tea.  h.  s.,  Green- 
view,  1903-05. 

fi28i.  Caroline  Beverly  Service,  teaching,  Maywood.  Tea.  h.  s., 
Dundee,  1903-05. 


336  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

1282.  Ruth  Imogene  Simison,  teacher  in  Mt.  Hermon  Seminary,  Clin- 
ton, Miss.,  1903 — . 

1283.  Margaret  Olivia  Skaggs,  teacher  in  grades  and  h.  s.,  Linden- 
wood.  St.  I.S.N.U.,  summer  of  1905;  Univ.  of  Chicago,  summer  of  1906; 
tea.   rural  sch.,  3  weeks;   Sch.  of  Education,  Univ.  of  Chicago,  3  mos. ; 
eighth  grade,  Rochelle,  il/2  yrs. ;  public  schools  of  Lindenwood,  1905 — . 

1284.  Edna  Mae   Skinner    (Mrs.   Parker,  Jr.),  Julesburg,   Col.     St., 
summer  session,  I.S.N.U.,  1906;  tea.  eighth  grade,  Seaton,  1903-05;  asst 
prin.,  LeRoy,  1905-07.     Married  Bertrand  D.  Parker,  Jr.,  June  30,  1897. 
(See  No.  656.) 

*I285.  Eva  Dorcas  Smith,  died  at  Normal,  Jan.  5,  1905.  Tea.  Latin 
and  physics,  Carrollton,  1903-04. 

1286.  Marian   Bernardine   Smith,   student,   Smith   College,   Lawrence 
House,  Northampton,  Mass.,  1903 — . 

1287.  Vera  May  Snow,  Jefferson  Sch.,  Bloomington,  1903 — . 

1288.  Lidy  Spencer  (Mrs.  Chambers),  Solomonville,  Ariz.    Elem.  s., 
Danville,  2  yrs.    Married  William  R.  Chambers,  Nov.  10,  1904. 

1289.  Elizabeth   Dominica    Sullivan,    teacher,    second   grade,    106   E. 
Kelley  St.,  Bloomington;  present  position,  1904 — . 

1290.  Frances  Waldron,  teacher  in  grades,  9372  Prospect  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago.    Tea.   elem.   s.,  Dwight,   1903-04;   prin.   Washington   Sch.,   Chicago 
Heights,   1904-06.  tea.,  Chicago,   1906 — . 

1291.  Anna  Magdalene  Weimar,  teacher,   1052  Seminary  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago. Tea.  Chicago  Heights,  1903-06;  tea.  Chicago,  1906 — . 

1292.  Alda  Lenore  Wilcox,  teacher,   Franklin   Sch.,   1315  E.   Wash- 
ington St.,  Bloomington,  1903 — . 

ti293.  Helena  Olga  Woltman,  teaching,  626  Washington  Blvd.,  Chi- 
cago. Tea.  Loda,  I  yr. ;  Chicago  Heights,  I  yr. ;  tea.  Schiller  Sch.,  Chi- 
cago, 1906 — . 

1294.  Lucy  Worley   (Mrs.  Wilson),  Downs.     St.  I.S.N.U.,  summers 
of  1903-04;  tea.  h.  s.,  Gardner  and  supervisor  of  drawing,  1903-05.     Mar- 
ried George  Wilson,  March  2,  1905. 

1295.  Leroy  J.  Benson,  teacher,   rural   sch.,   Cuba.     Prin.,  Towanda 
H.  S.,  1903-05 ;  field  manager,  Santa  Anna  Industrial  Company,  1906-07. 

1296.  Henry  Buellesfield,  supt.  of  schs.,  Nokomis.     St.  Univ.  of  111., 
1905-06,  and  summers   of   1905   and    1906;    prin.   Naples,    1903-04;    prin. 
Seneca,  1904-05 ;  supt.  Nokomis,  1905 — . 

1297.  Lorimer  Victor  Gavins,  head  dept.  of  English  in  h.  s.,  618  Sum- 
mit Ave.,  East  St.  Louis.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  A.B.,  1905-06,  and  3  summer 
terms ;  prin.  Hinckley,  1903-05 ;  present  position,  1906 — . 

1298.  Chester  Arthur  Conyers,  medical  student,  Northwstern  Univ., 
Chicago.     Prin.  Daum,   1903-04;  tea.  rural  sch.,  Buffalo  Hart,  1904-06. 

1299.  Russell  Dawson,  teacher,  Congress  Park.     Prin.  of  sch.,  Los- 
tant,  1903-04;  prin.  of  sch.,  Lake  Villa,  1904-05;  prin.  of  sch.,  Rockefeller, 
1905-06.     Married  Estella  Rowling,  Lake  Villa,  August  16,  1905. 

1300.  Charles    Henry   Francis,    lawyer,   905    First    Nat.    Bank   Bldg., 
Chicago.     St.  law  dept.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1903-06.     Married  Jennie  Hilta- 
brand,  Sept.  19,1905. 

1301.  McNeal  Cole  James,  prin.  of  Consolidated  Sch.,  McNabb.     St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  1905-06;  tea.  rural  sch.,  McNabb,  1903-05.     This  school  is 
now  in  Consolidated  School. 

1302.  Howard   Baker   Kingsbury,  prin.   of  sch.,   Gardner.     Prin.   of 
sch.,  Frithian,  1903-06;  prin.  of  sch.,  Gardner,  1906 — . 

1303.  George  Lafferty,  grocer,  539  Maple  Ave.,  Galesburg.     St.  Univ. 
of  111.,  1904-05;  prin.  sch.,  Joy,  1903-04. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL,  UNIVERSITY.  337 

1304.  Guy  Metcalf  Lisk,  supt.  city  schs.,  Alva.  Oklal;  present  posi- 
tion, 1904 — .    Married  Sept.  15.  1904. 

1305.  Karl  Franklin  McMurry,  commercial  tea.,  h.  s.,  Calumet,  Mich. 
St.  Univ.  of  111.,  Univ.  of  Cal. ;  Commercial  tea.  in  h.  schs.  of  Monmouth, 
1903-04;  of  Burlington,  la.,  1904-05;  of  Calumet,  Mich.,  1905 — .    Married 
Minnie  A.  Hiett,  Monmouth,  Oct.  5,  1904. 

1306.  Harry  Ambrose  Perrin,  supt.  public  schs.,  Pawnee.     St.  Univ. 
of  111.,  summer   session,   1906;   correspondence  work,   Univ.  of  Chicago; 
prin.  Williamsville,   1903-05 ;  supt.  Pawnee,   1905 — . 

1307.  Albert  Conlee  Stice,  supt.  of  schs.,  Gillespie.     Prin.  Bellflower, 
1903-05;    supt.  Gillespie,  1905 — .     Married  Clara  Samuell,  Dec.  31,  1903. 

1308.  Walter   Marion   Vaughan,    supt.   Franklin   Grove.     Prin.    Rut- 
land,   1903-06;    supt.    Franklin    Grove,    1906 — .     Married   Alice   Richesin, 
Ewing,  Aug.  3,  1903. 

1309.  Carl  Augustus  Waldron,  supt.  Delavan.  St.  Univ.  of  111.,  sum- 
mer sessions,  1905  and  1906;  prin.  h.  s.,  Mt.  Pulaski,  1903-04;  prin.  h.  s., 
Delavan,  1904-05 ;  supt.  Delavan,  1906 — . 

*i3io.     Edward  Palmer  Watrous,  died  July  24,  1904. 

1311.  Roy  Franklin  Webster,  teacher  in  h.  s.,  Elgin.     St.  Univ.  of 
111.,  summers  of  1904  and  1905,  winter  of  1905-06;  prin.  Mackinaw,  1903- 
05;  asst.  in  physics,  I.S.N.U.,  summer  of  1906;  physics  and  math.,  h.  s., 
Elgin,  1906 — . 

1312.  Noah  A.  Young,  supt.  Soudan,  Minn.     Prin.  elem.  s.,  Hoopes- 
ton,   1898-99;   prin.  h.   s.,   Bement,   1899- Jan.,   1902;    supt.   Soudan,   Minn., 
1902 — ;  pres.  Northeastern  Minn.  Ed.  Assn.,  1906.     Married  May  Eliza- 
beth Walls,  July  31,  1901. 

CLASS  OF  1904 

I3I3-  Josephine  Rae  Armstrong,  teaching,  615  S.  Clayton  St.,  Bloom- 
ington.  Tea.,  Franklin  Sch.,  Bloomington,  1904 — . 

1314.     Fannie  Bright,  at  home,  Normal. 

fi3i5.  Florence  Gertrude  Caughey,  Seattle,  Wash.  Tea.  Glendive, 
Mon.,  1904-05. 

fi3i6.  Maud  Evangeline  Colvin,  1318  State  St.,  E.  St.  Louis.  Pri- 
mary grade,  Millstadt,  1904-05. 

1317.  Helen  Angenett  Crissey,  teaching,  eighth  grade,  Momence. 
Tea.  grammar  grade,  Keithsburg,  1904-05 :  Momence,  1905 — . 

ti3i8.  Jessie  Alice  Damon,  teaching,  Colfax.  Tea.  elem.  s.,  Danville, 
3  mos. ;  Colfax,  1906 — . 

1319.  Maude  May  Daniels,  teaching,  Griggsville.    Intr.  grade,  Griggs- 
ville,  1904 — . 

1320.  Helen  Veronica  Delaney,   teaching,   Seaton.     Intr.  grade,   Sea- 
ton,  1904 — . 

1321.  Lena  Otelia  Dimmitt,  teaching,  Rankin.     Asst.  prin.,  Lostant, 
1904-1906;  Rankin,  1906- — . 

1322.  Myrtle  Disbrow  (Mrs.  Basil  Norman  Roney),  1004  North  Cen- 
ter St.,  Bloomington.     Tea.,  Edwards  Sch.,  1904 — . 

1323.  Ethel  Mary  Dole,  teaching,  second  grade,  Peabody  Sch.,  55  S. 
Ada  St.,  Chicago.     Chicago  Heights,  il/2  yrs. ;  has  served  as  substitute  in 
fourteen  different  schools  and  in  all  grades. 

1324.  Bertha  Katherine  Duerkop,  teaching,  Latin  and  English,  h.  s., 
Barry.  Asst.  prin.  Morton,   1904-05 ;  h.  s.,  Barry,   1905 — .     Sec.  Teachers' 
Ass.  of  Pike,  Greene,  Scott  and  Morgan  counties. 


338  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1325.  Esther  Browning  Foster,  teaching,  third  grade,  424  Home  Ave., 
Oak  Park.     Present  position,  19x14 — . 

1326.  Mrs.  Eda  Hunter,  teaching,  fifth  grade,  844  West  Packard  St., 
Decatur.  Asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  Forrest,  1904-05 ;  Decatur,  1905 — . 

1327.  Olive  Hunting,  tacher  in  grades,  Normal.     Inter,  grades,  1904- 
05 ;  eighth  grade,  1906 — . 

1328.  Beulah   Valentine   Johnson    (Mrs.    Mossman),   Nampa,   Idaho. 
Prin.  h.  s.,   St.   Ignace,  Mich.     Married  Herbert  Hugh   Mossman,  Boise 
City,  Sept.  25,  1905. 

1329.  Mrs.    Latona    May   Jones,   teaching,    Franklin    Sch.,    Danville. 
Tea.  elem.  s.,  Tremont,  1904-06;  elem.  s.,  Danville,  1906 — . 

1330.  Pearl  Elizabeth  Kindig,  student  U.  of  111.,  904  Busey  Ave.,  Ur- 
bana.    St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1905 — ;  elem  s.,  Cisco,  1904-05. 

1331.  Anna  Maud  Lantz    (Mrs.   Maginnis),   Normal.     Tea.   English 
and  history,  h.  s.,  Eureka,  1904;  Chicago  Heights,  6  mos. ;  second  grade, 
Normal,  1905-06.     Married  James  Maginnis,  Dec.,  1906. 

1332.  May   Nevadah     McGuire    (Mrs.    Telford),    Skagway,   Alaska. 
Tea.  primary  grade,  Decatur,   1904-06.     Married  Fred  Telford   (see  No. 
1480),  July  16,  1906. 

1333.  Mrs.  Lillie  Stewart  McMurtry,   Springfield.     St.   Chicago  Art 
Institute,  2  mos.,  1906;  first  primary,  Pawnee,  1904-06. 

1334.  Elizabeth  Izora  Matheney,  teaching,  Dixon.     St.  Univ.  of  Chi- 
cago, 1906;  tea.  English  and  history,  h.  s.,  Delavan,  \l/2  yrs. ;  h.  s.,  Dixon, 
1906- — . 

1335.  Dora  E.  Mau,  at  home,  Walnut.     Primary  grade,  Quincy,  1904- 
1906. 

1336.  Edith  Lena  Mossman,  grammar  grade,  Nampa,  Idaho.     Gram, 
grade,  Wilmette,  1904-06;  present  position,  1906 — . 

J337-     Maria  Elizabeth   Page,  at  home,   Westhope,   N.   Dak.     Eighth 
grade,  Lincoln,  1904-05 ;  asst.  cashier,  Bank  of  Westhope,  1905-06. 

!338-    Josephine  Perry,  druggist,  Melvin.    Tea.  h.  s.,  Loda,  1904-05. 

1339.  Lorinda    Perry,    student,    Urbana.      St.    Univ.   of   111.,    1906 — ; 
tea.  rural  sch.,  Monmouth,  1904-05. 

1340.  Alice   Pollock,  teaching,   sixth  grade,   Pittsfield.     St.   I.S.N.U., 
spring  term,  1906;  twp.  h.  s.,  Armington,  1904-05;   Pittsfield,  1906 — . 

1341.  Norma    Anna    Proctor,    teaching,    Heyworth.      Tea.    elem.    s., 
El  Paso,  1 904-05*;  prin.  h.  s.,  Heyworth,  1905 — . 

1342.  Nelle    Leona    Rice,    teaching,    Seaton.      Primary    grades,    Sea- 
ton,  1904 — . 

1343.  Helen  Edna  Seeley,  teaching,  Greenview.  Tea.  primary  grades, 
Greenview,  1904 — . 

1344.  Daisy  Adelia  Skinner  (Mrs.  Burtis),  720  Union  Ave.,  Chicago. 
Married  Guy  Seaman  Burtis  (See  No.  1073),  Feb.  8,  1905. 

1345.  Mae  Knight  Steele,  asst.  prin.   Emerson  Sch.,  205  Leland  St., 
Bloomington.     Third    and    fourth    grades,    ElPaso,    1904-05;    asst.    prin., 
Bloomington,   1905 — . 

1346.  Gertrude    Ophelia    Swain    (Mrs.    Fitzgerrel),    Benton.     Fourth 
grade,  Oak  Park,  1004-05.     Married  W.  J.  Fitzgerrel,  Sept.  19,  1905. 

1347.  Alice    Symons,     teaching,    822    E.    Monroe    St.,     Bloomington. 
Bloomington  pub.  schs.,  1904-06;  first  grade,  pub.  sch.,  Normal,  1906 — . 

1348.  Myrtle    Trowbridge,    teaching,    Lincoln.      Tea.    seventh   grade, 
Lincoln,  1906—. 

1349.  Helen  Tuthill  (Mrs.  Larison),  ElPaso.  Asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  ElPaso, 
1904-06.     Married  Frederick  S.  Larison,  Nov.  29,  1906. 


IUJNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  339 

1350.  Lena  Althea    Walworth,  teaching,  Gardner.     St.  I.S.N.U.,  first 
summer  term,  1905 ;  tea.  elem.  s.,  Quincy,  1904-05 ;  h.  s.,  Gardner,  1905 — . 

1351.  Alice    Perle   Watson,   student   U.   of  Wis.,  823   Irving    Place, 
Madison,  Wis.     St.  U.  of  C.,  i  yr. ;  U.  of  Wis.,  1906-07;  seventh  grade 
critic  tea.,  Training  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1904-06. 

1352.  Helen    Angeline    Wilson,    teaching,    Havana.      Tea.    Hopedale, 
1904-05 ;  fourth  grade,  Havana,  1905 — . 

*I353-     Clarence  Roy  Boslough,  deceased.     Prin.,  Ohio,  1904-05. 

1354.  Harry  Burgess,  student,  1310  Springfield  Ave.,  Urbana.  St. 
Univ.  of  111.,  engineering  dept,  1906 — ;  prin.  East  Lynn,  1904-06. 

1355-     Edward   Criss,   teaching,   Wanda.     Prin.   sch.,   Wanda,    1904 — . 

1356.  Ernest  Edwin  Edmunds,  real  estate  and  investments,  703  Gar- 
rison Ave.,  Fort  Smith,  Ark.  Prin.  sch.,  Millstadt,  1904-05. 

!357-  Perry  Huston  Hiles,  student,  621  LaSalle  Ave.,  Chicago.  St. 
law  dept.,  Northwestern  Univ.,  1906 — ;  prin.,  Perry,  1904-05;  spent  sum- 
mer of  1906  in  Alaska,  in  employ  of  mining  company. 

1358.  Burley  Clay  Johnston,  bookkeeper,  Kelley  Trust  Co.,  Fort 
Smith,  Ark.  Present  position,  1904 — . 

!359-  George  Brophy  Kendall,  prin.  of  Training  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  Nor- 
mal. Prin.  Webster  Sch.,  Quincy,  1904 — Jan.,  1907;  presnt  position,  Jan., 
1907-date.  Married  Erma  H.  Rickart,  June  27,  1906. 

1360.  Ely  Vail  Laughlin,  teaching,   Pittsfield.     Tea.   h.   s.,   Pittsfield, 
1904 — .     Married  Anna  Hawker,  June  6,  1905. 

1361.  Ira  B.  McMurtry,  gen.  mgr.  of  F.  P.  Richards  Manufacturing 
Co.,  Springfield.    Traveling  salesman  and  real  estate  agent,  Pawnee,  June, 
1904,  to  April,  1906;  real  estate  agent,  Springfield,  April-November,  1906. 

1362.  Abe  Mark  Newton,  prin.  h.  s.,  Normal.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  June- 
August,  1906;  prin.  h.  s.,  Vandalia,  1904-06;  present  position,  1906-07. 

1363.  Thomas    Patrick    Sinnett,   prin.,    Tonica.      St.    Univ.    of    111., 
1904-05 ;  summer  terms  of  1905,  1906 ;  prin.  Tonica,  1905 — . 

1364.  John  Roscoe  Steagall,  prin.,  Manteno.     St.  U.  of  C.,  summers 
of  1904,  1905;  Ypsilanti  State  Normal  Coll.,  summer  of  1906;  prin.  h,  s., 
Momence,  1904-05!;  prin.  Manteno,   1905 — . 

1365.  Howard  Arthur  Stotler,  grain  dealer,  Wenona.     Supt.   Chilli- 
cothe,  1904-05.    Married  Susie  Wagner,  Metamora,  Aug.  10,  1904. 

CLASS  OF   1905 

1366.  Anna  Louise  Altevogt,  teaching,  903  St.  Louis  Ave.,  East  St. 
Louis.     Tea.,  Millstadt,  1905-06;  present  position,  1906-07. 

1367.  Ida  May  Anderson,  teaching,  Gibbonsville,  Idaho.     Tea.  rural 
sch.,    1905—. 

ti368.     Carrie  Kelsall  Atkinson,  Lexington. 

1369.  Sada  Beadles,  teaching,  1040  W.  Wood  St.,  Decatur.     Tea.  pri- 
mary, Decatur,  1905 — . 

1370.  Gertrude    Cordelia    Beedle,   teaching,    Joliet.     Tea.    rural    sch., 
Stronghurst,  6  mos. ;  grammar  grade,  Granville,  I  yr. 

1371.  Nora  Elizabeth  Blome,  teaching,  Tempe,  Arizona,  1904 — . 

1372.  Florence  Isabella  Bond,  prin.  h.  s.,  Saybrook,  1905 — . 

!373-  Lemma  C.  Broadhead,  tea.  in  grades,  444  E.  Fourth  St.,  Long 
Beach,  Cal.  St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1905-06;  present  position,  1006 — . 

1374.  Adella  M.  Brock,  teacher  h.  s.,  Tallula.  Tea.  rural  sch.,  1905- 
06;  asst.  prin.  h.  s.,  Talulla,  1906 — . 


340  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

1375.  Altha  Burtis,  at  home,  Hudson. 

1376.  Jessie   Christy,  primary  teacher,   1616   N.   Main   St.,   Decatur, 
1905—. 

1377.  Ida  Estelle  Church,  teacher,  eighth  grade,  Lincoln,  1905 — . 

1378.  Jeannette  Helen  Connaghan,  teacher  elm.  s.,  Niantic,  1905 — . 
1379-     Pearl  Evelyn  Dobson,  teacher  in  elem.  s.,  Dwight.  Tea.  rural 

sch.,  4  mos. ;  tea.,  Dwight,  January  2,  1907 — . 

1380.  Lillian   Dora   Dole,   convalescing  after   injury   in  an   accident, 
October,  1905,  Manteno.    Tea.  rural  sch.,  2  mos.,  McNabb. 

1381.  Lulu  Gogin,  teacher,  sixth  grade,  Lincoln,  1905 — . 

1382.  Florence  Matilda  Hayes,  teaching,  Bloomington,  1905 — . 

!383-     Clara   Sophia  Jacobson,  teaching,   Kingsburg,   Cal. ;   home  ad- 
dress, Wood  Lake,  Wis. 

1384.  Livonia   Lena   Laubenheim,   teacher,    eighth   grade,    Mansfield, 
1905—. 

1385.  Helen  Elvira  Leigh,  teaching  rural  sch.,  Wenona,   1905 — . 

1386.  Adelaide  Belle  Lewis,  prin.,  ward  sch.,  Bisbee,  Ariz.,  1905 — . 

1387.  Deborah    Margery    Ludwig,    at   home,    Fithian.     Tea.    grades, 
Fithian,  4  mos.,  1905. 

1388.  Mary  Winifred  McDonnell,  teaching,  Bloomington. 

1389.  Sarah  Veronica  McDonnell,  primary  grade,  Niantic,  1905 — . 

1390.  Mildred    McKinney    (Mrs.    Corrington),    Assumption.      Mar- 
ried Alfred  N.  Corrington,  Nov.  8,  1906. 

1391.  Rose  Anna  Meyer,  teaching,  h.   s.,  Centralia,   1905 — . 

1392.  Bertha  Katherine  Olsen,  teacher,  elem.  s.,  Riverside,  1905 — . 

1393.  Margert  Cecilia  O'Rourke   (Mrs.  Cunningham),  Normal.    Tea. 
Merna  Sch.,  1905-06.     Married  William  J.  Cunningham,  June  20,  1906. 

1394.  Gertrude  Ellis  Rohm   (Mrs.  Gibbs),  200  N.  Linden,  Normal. 
Married  William  H.  Gibbs,  July  3,  1905. 

J395-     Errettine  Scott,  teaching,  Danville. 

1306.     Anna    Amelia    Smith,    teacher,    fourth    grade,    1826    Vine    St., 
Quincy,  1905 — . 

J397-     Grace  Almeda  Smith,  at  home,  Cameron. 

1398.  Martha  Grace  Thomason,  saleswoman  in  Grand  Leader  store, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1399.  Katherine  Twohey,  teaching,  Ottawa. 

1400.  Mrs.  Laura  Smitson  Wilson,  Penfield. 

1401.  Clarence  Baker,  student,  James  Millikin  Univ.,  Decatur.     Tea. 
mathematics  and  manual  training,  Carrollton,  1905-06. 

1402.  Lewis  Moffitt  Carpenter,  prin.  h.  s.,  Metamora,  1905 — .     Mar- 
ried Emma  I.  Bourne,  May  19,  1906. 

1403.  George  Herbert  Coons,  instructor  in  Tualatin  Academy,  For- 
est Grove,  Ore.     Prin.  h.  s.,  Washington,  1905-06. 

1404.  Loren  Orville  Gulp,  prin.  twp.  h.  s.,  Biggsville,  1905 — . 

1405.  Herbert  Dixon,  in   sanitarium,  Colorado   Springs,   Colo.     Tea. 
Rochelle,   1905-06;   prin.   Training  Sch.,   I.S.N.U.,  fall  term,   1906;   wrote 
articles  on  Grammar  for  Illinois  Instructor. 

1406.  Orris  Hayden  Newman,  prin.  LaFayette,  1905 — .    Married  Jen- 
nie E.  Watson,  Aug.  9,  1894. 

1407.  Henry   Allen   Paine,   prin.   Tullala.     Prin.   Millstadt,    1905-06; 
prin.  Tallula,  1906-07. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  341 

1408.  William  Ruffer,  prin.,  Waynesville,  1905 — . 

1409.  Albert  Merritt   Santee,   supt.,   Ipava,   1905 — .  Married  Mollie 
Overen,  June  15,  1898. 

1410.  Lou  Trell  Shaw,  supt,  Bunker  Hill. 

1411.  Fred  Theodore  Ullrich,  supt.,   Cerro  Gordo,  1905 — .     Married 
Grace  Amanda  M.  Perkins,  June  16,  1903. 

1412.  Ira  Azel  Wetzel,  tea.  science,  h.  s.,  Sycamore,  1905 — . 

1413.  John   Byron   Wright,  prin.,   Palmyra.      Prin.  Dunlap,   1905-06; 
present  position,  1906 — . 

CLASS  OF  1906 

1414.  Mrs.    Ella    Goodner   Anderson,   prin.    primary    dept.,   Univ.   of 
Middle  Tenn.,  Tullahoma,  Tenn.,  1906 — . 

1415.  Lillian  Anderson,  primary  tea.,  Hopedale,  1906 — . 

1416.  Florence  May  Bennett,  tea.,  h.  s.,  Minonk,  1906 — . 

1417.  Clara  Boyd,  primary  tea.,  Illiopolis,  1906. — 

1418.  Sara  Hazel  Brand,  primary  tea.,  Pawpaw,  1906 — . 

1419.  Agnes  Irene  Bullock,  prin.,  Little  York,  19.06 — . 

1420.  Druzilla  Camp,  primary  tea.,  Raymond  Sch.,  912  N.  Madison 
St.,  Bloomington,  1906 — . 

1421.  Marjorie    Chamberlain,    st.,    Teachers'    Coll.,    1230   Amsterdam 
Ave.,  New  York  City. 

1422.  Mrs.  Mary  Bloomer  Cherry,  st,  I.S.N.U.,  815  E.  Empire  St, 
Bloomington. 

1423.  Jessie  Mabel  Cline,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  Normal,  1906 — . 

1424.  Clara  Louise  Coith,  super,  drawing,  Riverside,  1906 — . 

1425.  Edna  Florence  Coith,  tea.,  h.  s.,  Carrollton,  1906 — . 

1426.  Mrs.  Dora  Edna  Watson  Cook,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  Buckley,  1906 — . 

1427.  Mary  Alice  Damman,  tea.  Eng.  and  hist.,  h.  s.,  Fairbury,  1906 — . 

1428.  Viola  Davies,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  E.  St  Louis,  1906 — 

1429.  Georgia  Viola  Deane,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  Lincoln,  1906 — . 

1430.  Ruth  Evans,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  Danville,  1906 — . 

1431.  Mary  Ferreira,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  Lintner,  1906 — . 

1432.  Nellie  Bradford  Fry,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  Normal,  1906 — . 

1433.  Katherine  Evelyn  Gingerich,  at  home,  Normal. 

1434.  Margaret  Esther  Gregory,  tea.,  Lincoln  sch.,  1404  N.  Lee  St., 
Bloomington,  1906 — . 

1435.  Eleanor  Hixon  Griggs,  primary  tea.,  Pawpaw,  1906 — . 

1436.  Ruth  Mildred  Haney,  primary  tea.,  Danville,  1906 — . 

1437.  Ida   Matilda   Hatcher,  tea.  pub.   sch.,   Quincy,    1906-07;   same, 
Seattle,  Wash.,  April,  1907 — . 

1438.  Mina  Geraldine  Hendrickson,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  Riverside,  1906-07; 
supr.  primary  grades,  Madison,  Wis.,  Sept.,  1907 — . 

1439.  Delphine  Samzin  Humphrey,  asst  prin.  h.  s.,  Eureka,  1906 — . 

1440.  Hilda  Ella  Johnson,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  Hoopeston,  1906 — . 

1441.  Ruby  Jones,  Latin,  math,  and  music,  h.  s.,  Virden,  1906 — . 

1442.  Emma  Adele  Kleinau,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  Lexington,  1906 — . 

1443.  Ida  May  Kline  (Mrs.  Harry  Alexander  Huntoon),  Ishpeming, 
Mich. 

1444.  Augusta  May  Krieger,  tea.,  h.  s.,  Carrollton,  1906 — . 


342  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1445.  Rose  Aurilla  McCauley,  tea.,  h.  s.,  ElPaso,  1906 — . 

1446.  Mary  Mamer,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Nokomis,  1906 — . 

1447.  Ora  Jessie  Milliken,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Chicago  Heights,  1906 — . 

1448.  Edna  Mabel  Oathout,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  McNabb,  1906 — . 

1449.  Lotta  Orendorff,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Downs,  1906 — . 

1450.  Mary  Etta  Pumphrey,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Gridley,  1906 — . 

1451.  Lois  Madeline  Roberts,  tea.,  E.  A.  Gastman  Sch.,  Decatur,  952 
N.  Church  St.,  1906—. 

1452.  Jessie  Leverne  Rouse,  tea.  pub.  sch.,  Keithsburg,  1906 — . 

1453.  Lena  Gertrude   Scanlan,   tea.,  pub.   sch.,   Bloomington,  822  E. 
Washington  St.,   1906 — . 

1454.  Essie  May  Seed,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Lexington,  1906 — . 

1455.  Esther  Beulah  Seeley,  Latin  and  Eng.,  h.  s.,  Odell,  1906 — . 

1456.  Helen    Pitner    Smith,   st.,    Smith    College,    n    Henshaw   Ave., 
Northampton,  Mass. 

1457.  Mabel  Claire  Stark,  asst.  prin.,  h.  s.,  White  Hall,  1906 — . 

1458.  Mrs.  Blanche  Sager  Stuckey,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  DeLand,  1906 — . 

1459.  Clara   Elizabeth  Symons,  tea.,   Franklin   Sch.,  822  E.   Monroe 
St.,  Bloomington. 

1460.  Eunice  Viox,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Decatur,  1906 — . 

1461.  Agnes  May  Waddington,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Watseka,  1906 — . 

1462.  Laura  Mabel  Weber,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Lostant,  1906 — . 

1463.  Lora  Agnes  Weir,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Joliet,  1906 — . 

1464.  Roy  Franklin  Barton,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Philippine  Is.,  1906 — . 

1465.  Raymond  Edgar  Black,  prin.,  pub.  sch.,  Dana,  1906 — . 

1466.  Charles  Milburne  Gash,  st.,  Univ.  of  111.,  1006  Green  St.,  Ur- 
bana. 

1467.  Paul  Evangel  Johnston,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Windsor,  1906 — . 

1468    Ralph  Raymond  Kimmell,  supt.  sch.,  Lawrence  Co.,  Lawrence- 
ville,  1906 — . 

1469.  Samuel  Kline  McDowell,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  LeRoy,  1906 — . 

1470.  Leonard  Albert  McKean,  prin.  h.  s.,  Vandalia,  1906 — . 

1471.  William    Dennis    McLemore,   tea.,   manual   training,   pub.    sch., 
Carrollton,  1906 — . 

1472.  Paul  Kester  McWherter,  math,  and  science,  twp.  h.  s.,  Biggs- 
ville,  1906 — . 

1473.  Ira  Myers  Ong,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  Peru,  1906 — . 

1474.  James  Edward  Rice,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Greenview,  1906 — . 

1475.  Paul  McCorkle  Smith,  prin.  pub.  sch.,  Rankin,  1906 — . 

1476.  Franklin  Jacob  Snapp,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  PawPaw,  1906 — . 

1477.  Elmer  Roy  Stahl,  tea.,  pub.  sch.,  Clarence,  1906 — . 

1478.  Henry  Sylvester  Stice,  science,  h.  s.,  Petersburg,  1906 — . 

1479.  Leo  Stuckey,  prin.  pub.  sch.,  DeLand,  1906 — . 

1480.  Fred  Telford,  prin.   pub.   sch.,   Skagway,   Alaska,   1906.     Mar- 
ried Mae  McGuire  (see  No.  1332),  July  16,  1906. 

1481.  Isaac  E.  Wilson,  prin.  pub  sch.,  Tremont,  1906 — . 

CLASS  OF  1907 

1482.  Ruby  Allen,  Carlyle. 

1483.  Myrtle  Angle,  ElPaso. 

1484.  Daisy  Bentley,  Normal. 


IUJNOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  343 

1485.  Anna  T.  Blake,  Neponset. 

1486.  Mary  Caroline   Doling,   Normal. 

1487.  Grace   M.   Bookwalter,   Gardner. 

1488.  Clara  Borgelt,  Havana. 

1489.  Anna  Marie  Bremer,  Paxton. 

1490.  Leila  May  Brown,   Bloomington. 

1491.  Nina  Lorena  Brown,  tea.,  8th  grade,  Petersburg,  Sept.,  1907 — . 

1492.  Ruby   Clyde    Burdick,   Elgin. 

1493.  Ethel  Louise  Burner,  Normal. 

1494.  Jennie   Burroughs,   Morrison. 

1495.  Bertha  Butzow,  Danville. 

1496.  Nellie  Camery,  Roanoke. 

1497.  Edna  M.  Carroll,  Bloomington. 

1498.  Nell  Churchill,  Bloomington. 

1499.  Elsie  May  Clark,  tea.,  4th  grade,  Homer,  Sept.,  1907 — . 

1500.  Mildred    Leann    Coburn,    McLean. 

1501.  Eleanor   Coen,   Normal. 

1502.  Anna  Draper,  Divernon. 

1503.  Stella  Agatha  Elliff,  Minier. 

1504.  Ruth  Felmley,  st,  I.S.N.U. 

1505.  Barbara  Frances  Glessing,  El  Paso. 

1506.  Dorothea  May  Glessing,  El  Paso. 

1507.  Clara  Lillian  Grafton,  Piper  City. 

1508.  Edna  Blackburn  Gray,  tea.,  ungraded  sch.,  Blue  Mound,  Sept., 
1907—. 

1509.  Cora  Mabel  Harned,  Secor. 

1510.  Emma  Harris,   Collinsville. 

1511.  Esther  Hickey,  Walnut. 

1512.  Ruby  Hildreth,  tea.,  math.,  Latin  and  lit.,  h.  s.,  El  Paso,  E.  S., 
Sept.,  1907—. 

1513.  Eva  Jane  Hileman,  tea.,  mus  and  Latin,  h.   s.,  LeRoy,   Sept., 
1907—. 

1514.  Eleanor  Hoierman,   hist,   and  German,  h.   s.,  El   Paso,   E.   S., 
Sept.,  1907—, 

1515.  Bertha  Josephine  Holzgrafe,  Havana. 

1516.  Ethel  Jackson,  Plymouth. 

1517.  Nettie  Grace  Tencks,  tea.,  Latin  and  Eng.,  h.  s.,  Cerro  Gordo, 
Sept.,   1907—, 

1518.  Elise  Beatrice   Jenny,    Highland. 

1519.  Jennie  Johnston,  Wanda. 

1520.  Frances  Flower  Kessler,  Bloomington. 

1521.  Mary  Frances  Keys,  tea.,  7th  grade,  Lincoln,  Sept.,  1907 — , 

1522.  Florenc  Frances  Kindt,  Chicago. 

1523.  Alice  Clare  Lease,  Plainville. 

1524.  Leona   Amanda   Lippert,  tea.,   7th   and   8th   grades,   McKinley 
Sch.,  El  Paso,  Sept.,  1907—. 

1525.  Ola  Jane  Litchfield,  Flanagan. 

1526.  Esther   Josephine    Mansfield,    Normal. 

1527.  Minerva  Merker,  Maroa. 

1528.  Christina  Moore,  Bloomington. 


344  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

1529.  Lulu  Oathout,  Aledo. 

1530.  Florence  Armina  Olson,  Weldon. 

1531.  Lillian  Pearl  Parmele,  Mackinaw. 

1532-  Jessie  Marie  Patterson,  Bloomington. 

1533-  Celia  Anna   Pepple,   Mendon. 
1534.  Sadie  Emma  Pepple,  Mendon. 
1535-  Elizabeth    Perry,    Melvin. 

1536.  Mrs.  Genevieve  Anderson  Pierce,  Chillicothe. 

1537.  Elizabeth   Martha    Powell,    tea.,   elem.    sch.,   El   Paso,   E.    S., 
Sept.,  J907 — . 

1538.  Ethel  Rosenberry,  Normal. 

1539.  Margaret  Salmon,   Bloomington. 

1540.  Margaret  Schaefer,  Bloomington. 

1541.  Lillian   Edgerton   Schaeffer,   tea.,   primary  gr.,   Franklin   Sch., 
Bloomington,   Sept.,   1907 — . 

1542.  Alice  Orme  Smith,  Normal. 

1543.  Sylvia  Edna  Smith,  tea.,  sci.  and  hist.,  h.  s.,  Delavan,   Sept., 
1907—. 

1544.  Bridgie  Emma  Somers,  Bloomington. 

1545.  Ethel  Gertrude  Stephens,  Murphysboro. 

1546.  Jennie  Katharine  Stout,  Englcwood. 

1547.  Teresa    Sullivan,    Bloomington. 

1548.  Florence  Eleanora  Thompson,  Bloomington. 

1549.  Margaret  Triplett,  Perry. 

1550.  Lilly  Mabel  Tucker,  Williamsfield. 

1551.  Minnie  Vautrin,   Secor. 

1552.  Lucy  O.   Youngman,  Bloomington. 

1553.  Harrison   Monroe  Anderson,   Chillicothe. 

1554.  Oren   Augustus    Barr,    Odin. 

1555.  Charles  Henry  Brittin,  Cantrall. 

1556.  Albert  Colvin,  Normal. 

I5S7-  Osmond  James  Condon,  El  Paso. 

1558.  Edward  Branson   Couch,  supt.   Ward   Sch.,  Taylorville,   Sept., 
1907—. 

1559.  Franklin  Stephens  Espy,  Colfax. 

1560.  Elmer   George  Gingerich,   Normal. 

1561.  Asa  P.  Goddard,  Oak  Park. 

1562.  Francis  Stewart  Gray,  Blue  Mound. 

1563.  Gresham  Griggs,  Normal. 

1564.  Perry   Henry   Hellyer.    Mahomet. 

1565.  Miguel  Nicdao,  Philippine  Islands. 

1566.  Otto  Edwin  Reinhart,  Freeburg. 

1567.  Luther  Calvin  Ringeisen,  Gilman. 

1568.  Henry  Adelbert  Ritcher,  Troy. 

1569.  Jacob  Philip  Scheid,  Freeburg. 

1570.  James  Henry  Smith,  prin.  h.  s.,  El  Paso,  E.  S.,  Sept.,  1907 — . 

1571.  George  Washington  Solomon,  Palmyra. 

1572.  Leslie  Opper  Stansbury,  Normal. 
!573-  John   Valentine   Wiekert,   Emden. 
1574.  Burt  Oren  Wise,  Moweaqua. 


BOARD  OF  EDUCATION  REGISTER 
1857-1907 


1.  NINIAN  W.  EDWARDS,  Springfield,  111.,  February  18,  1857,  to  1859, 

elected  president,  May,  1857.  First  State  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction  in  Illinois. 

2.  WILLIAM    H.    WELLS,    1857-69.      Superinendent    of    Schools,    Chi- 

cago, 111. 

3.  JOHN  R.  EDEN,  Moultrie  county,  1857-59.    Lawyer;    later  a  member 

of  congress ;   present  address,  Sullivan,  111. 

4.  A.  R.  SHANNON,  White  county,  1857-63.    Lawyer,  Carmi,  111. 

5.  SIMEON  WRIGHT,  Frankling  Grove,  Lee  county,   1857-65,  later  of 

Kinmundy.  Had  been  employed  as  state  lecturer  on  education  by 
the  State  Teachers'  Asociation;  patron  of  the  Wrightonian  Society. 

6.  WESLEY  SLOAN,  Golconda,  Pope  county,  1857-63.    Lawyer. 

7.  GEORGE  BUNSEN,  Belleville,  St.  Clair  county,  1857-61.     Had  been 

pupil  and  assistant  of  Pestalozzi ;  member  of  the  education  com- 
mittee in  Constitutional  Convention  of  1847;  superintendent  of 
schools,  Belleville,  111.  Died — 

8.  GEORGE  P.  REX,  Perry,  Pike  county,  1857-67.     Surgeon  U.  S.  army 

during  Civil  War,  later  settled  in  Alabama ;  in  1871  returned  to 
Reaville,  N.  J.,  where  he  died  at  birthplace  July  12,  1889. 

9.  C.  E.  HOVEY,  Peoria,   1857-61.     First  president  of  the  Illinois  State 

Normal  University.     Died  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  1897. 

10.  DANIEL  WILKINS,  Bloomington,  1857-61.    Clergyman  M.E.  church; 

county  commissioner  of  schools,  McLean  county;  conducted  Wil- 
kins  Academy,  Bloomington. 

11.  C.  B.  DENIO,  Galena,  1857-63. 

12.  FLAVEL  MOSELEY,  1857-59.     President  Board  of  Education,  Chi- 

cago, 111. 

*I3.  S.  W.  MOULTON,  Shelby  county,  1857-81.  President  of  Board  1857- 
65 ;  president  of  board,  1867-76 ;  introduced  bill  for  the  Free  School 
Law  of  Illinois  in  legislature  of  1855 ;  most  largely  instrumental 
in  securing  passage  of  bill  establishing  the  I.S.N.U.  thru  house 
of  representatives,  1857;  congressman  at  large  for  Illinois,  39th 
Congress;  elected  to  the  47th  and  48th  Congress.  Died  June  3, 
1905,  at  Shelbyville,  111. 

14.  JOHN  J.  GILLESPIE,  Sainte  Marie,  Jasper  county,  1857-61. 

15.  WILLIAM  H.  POWELL,  Springfield,  1857-65.     State  Superintendent 

of  Education. 

16.  J.  E.  McCLUN,  Bloomington,  Treasurer,  1858-60. 

17.  PERKINS  BASS,  1859-65.     Lawyer,  Chicago,  111. 


346  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

18.  NEWTON  BATEMAN,  1859-75.     State  Superintendent  of  Education 

1859-63,  1866-75 ;  president  of  Knox  College  1875 ;  thru  his  famous 
decisions  the  legal  interpretation  of  the  Illinois  school  law  was  de- 
termined. 

19.  JOEL  SETH  POST,  Decatur,  1859-63.    Introduced  the  Normal  School 

bill  in  state  senate,  1857. 

20.  DR.   CALVIN    GOUDY,   Taylorville,   1861-77.     Died   in   Taylorville, 

March,  1877.  Member  of  the  legislature  that  established  the  Nor- 
mal School. 

21.  WILLIAM  H.  GREEN,  1861-1902,  President  of  Board  1877-79,  1889- 

1902.  Died  at  Cairo,  June  6,  1902.  A  member  of  the  legislature 
.  that  established  the  normal  school ;  forty-one  years  a  member  of 
the  board. 

22.  C.  W.  HOLDER,  Bloomington,  Treasurer,  1861-77. 

23.  THOMAS  J.  PICKETT,  Rock  Island,  1861-65. 

24.  J.  W.  SHEAHAN,  Chicago,  1861-63. 

25.  HARMON  REYNOLDS,  Knoxville,  1862-63. 

26.  J.  P.  BROOKS,  Springfield,  1863-65,  member  ex-officio  and  Secretary. 

State  Superintendent  of  Education. 

27.  WALTER  M.  HATCH,  Bloomington,  1863-69. 

28.  J.  W.  SCHWEPPE,  Alton,  1863-65. 

29.  DR.  HENRY  WING,  Collinsville,  1863-71.    Died  in  1871. 

30.  JOSEPH  MEDILL,  Chicago,  1864-65.     Editor  Chicago  Tribune. 

31.  KERSEY  H.  FELL,  Bloomington,  1865-67. 

32.  JOHN  H.  FOSTER,  M.D.,  Chicago,  1865-74    Died  in  1874. 

33.  WALTER  L.  MAYO,  Albion,  Edwards  county,  1865-75. 

34.  CHARLES  P.  TAGGART,  Peoria,  1865-69. 

35.  BENAIAH   G.  ROOTS,  Tamaroa,   1865-88.     Pres.   1879-83.     Died  in 

1888.  One  of  the  most  vigorous  and  prominent  educational  workers 
of  Southern  Illinois. 

36.  THOMAS  J.  TURNER,  Freeport,  1865-67. 

37.  THOMAS  R.  LEAL,  Urbana,  1865-79. 

38.  REV.  JESSE  H.  MOORE,  Decatur,  1867-71. 

39.  ELIAS  C.  DUPUY,  M.D.,  Freeport,  111.,  1867-71. 

40.  JESSE  W.  FELL,  Normal,  1867-73.     A  leader  in  the  movement  for 

establishing  the  Illinois  State  Normal  University  and  for  securing 
its  location  at  North  Bloomington. 

41.  N.  E.  WORTHINGTON,  Peoria,  1869-76.     County  superintendent  of 

schools;   later  a  lawyer;   congressman,  and  circuit  judge. 

42.  WINFIELD  S.  COY,  Bristol,  1869-75. 

43.  GEORGE  C.  CLARKE,  Chicago,  1869-77. 

44.  ENOCH    A.    GASTMAN,    Decatur,    i87i-date,    President    of    Board 

1887-89,  i9O2-date.  Member  of  first  graduating  class;  superintend- 
ent of  schools  of  Decatur  1860  to  date.  (See  No.  5.) 

45.  CHARLES  F.  NOETLING,  Belleville,  1871-77. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  347 

46.  EDWARD   L.  WELLS,  Oregon,   1871-82.     County  superintendent  of 

schools. 

47.  JOSEPH  CARTER,  Normal,  111.,  1873-79.     (See  No.  134.) 

48.  S.  M.  ETTER,  Springfield,  1875-79,  ex-officio  member  and  Secretary. 

State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

49.  J.  C.  KNICKERBOCKER,  Chicago,  111.,  1875-90.     Probate  judge. 

50.  HARRISON  H.  HILL,  1875-81,  Pontiac,  111. 

51.  RICHARD  CANBY,  Olney,  111.,  1875-81.    Circuit  judge. 

52.  J.  D.  CATON,  Ottawa,  1877-80.     Circuit  judge. 

53.  H.  L.  BOLTWOOD,  Princeton,  111.,  1877-87.    Author  of  act  establish- 

ing township  high  schools.     Now  principal  of  Evanston  Township 
High  School. 

54.  MICHAEL  DONOHUE,  Clinton,  1877-85. 

55.  ISAAC  LESEM,  Quincy,  1877-88. 

56.  THOMAS  F.  MITCHELL,  Bloomington,  Treasurer,  1877-89. 

57.  B.  F.  BARGE,  Geneseo,  1879-82. 

58.  JAMES  P.  SLADE,  Springfield,  1879-83,  member  ex-officio,  and  Sec- 

retary.    State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction ;    now  principal 
of  the School,  East  St.  Louis. 

59.  THOMAS  SLADE,  Normal,  1879-89.    Lawyer. 

60.  J.  A.  ENANDER,  Chicago,  1880-83. 

61.  GEORGE  ROWLAND,  1881-87,  President  of  Board  1883-87.     Super- 

intendent of  Schools,  Chicago,  111. 

62.  RUFUS  COPE,  Flora,  111.,  1881-93.     Lawyer. 

63.  B.  L.  DODGE,   Oak   Park,   111.,   1881-93.     Superintendent   of  schools, 

Oak  Park,  111. 

64.  HENRY  S.  COMSTOCK,  Colona,  1882-85.     Editor. 

65.  REV.  RICHARD  EDWARDS,  Princeton,  1883-93,  ex-oMcio  and  Sec- 

retary   1887-91.      President    I.S.N.U.     1862-76.      Now    resides    in 
Bloomington. 

66.  HENRY  RAAB,  Belleville,  1883-95.     Superintendent  of  schools,  Belle- 

ville;   ex-ofUcio  and  Secretary  1883-87,  1891-95;    State  Superintend- 
ent of  Public  Instruction. 

67.  PELEG  R.  WALKER,  Rochelle,  111.,  :883-date.     Later  superintendent 

of  Schools,  Rockford,  111.     (See  No.  18.) 

68.  W.  R.  SANDHAM,  Toulon,  1885-93,  i897-date.   County  superintendent 

of  schools,  Wyoming. 

69.  A.  L.  ATWOOD,  Woodhull,  1885-87. 

70.  JOHN  D.  BENEDICT,  Danville,  1887-93.     Superintendent  of  schools 

now  superintendent  of  Indian  schools,  Muscogee,  I.  T. 

71.  GEORGE  B.  HARRINGTON,  Princeton,  1887-93,  i897-date.     County 

superintendent  of  schools. 

72.  E.  C.  ROSSITER,  Kewanee,  1887-93.     Superintendent  of  schools ;  now 

principal  of  Medill  High  School,  Chicago. 

73.  MARY  F.  FEITSHANS,  Springfield,  1889-91. 


348  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

74.  ELLA  FLAGG  YOUNG,  Chicago,  i888-date.     Assistant  superintend- 

ent of  schools ;   professor  of  education  in  the  University  of  Chicago ; 
president  Chicago  Normal  School. 

75.  ROBERT  F.  EVANS,  Bloomington,  1889-93. 

76.  F.  D.  MARQUIS,  Bloomington,  iSSg-date,  treasurer. 

77.  MATTHEW  P.  BRADY,  Chicago,  1890-1901.    Lawyer. 

78.  JOSEPH  ROBBINS,  M.D.,  Quincy,  1891-92. 

79.  IRA  C.  MOZIER,  Essex,  Kankakee  county,  1892-93. 

80.  JACOB  L.  BAILY,  Macomb,  i893-date.    Lawyer;   now  Tribune  Bldg., 

Chicago. 

81.  CHARLES  L.  CAPEN,  Bloomington,  i893-date.    Lawyer. 

82.  FORREST  F.  COOK,  Galesburg,  i893-date.    Lawyer ;  mayor  of  Gales- 

burg  for  several  terms. 

'83.  EDWARD  DOOCEY,  Pittsfield,  1893-97.    Lawyer. 

84.  LYON  KARR,  Eureka,  1893-95.    County  superintendent  of  schools  and 

banker. 

85.  E.  R.  E.  KIMBROUGH,  Danville,  i893-date.    Lawyer;    circuit  judge. 

86.  CHARLES  I.  PARKER,  Chicago,  1893-97.     Principal  South  Chicago 

High  School. 

87.  CLINTON  ROSETTE,  DeKalb,  1893-96.     Editor. 

88.  ALLAN  W.  STOLP,  Aurora,  1893-94. 

89.  E.  M.  PLAIN,  Aurora,  1894-1901. 

90.  SAMUEL   M.   INGLIS,   Springfield,    1895-98,   ex-officio   member   and 

Secretary.    State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

91.  CHARLES  S.  THORNTON,  Chicago,  1895-97.    Lawyer. 

92.  WILLIAM  H.  FITZGERALD,  Chicago,  1896-97.    Lawyer. 

93.  JAMES  H.  NORTON,  Chicago,  1897-1900.    Principal  Lake  View  High 

School. 

94.  M.  W.  SHANAHAN,  Chicago,  1897-1902. 

95.  JOSEPH  H.  FREEMAN,  Springfield,  1898-99,  ex-officio  member  and 

Secretary. 

96.  ALFRED   BAYLISS,    Springfield,    i899-date,    ex-officio   member   and 

Secretary.     State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

97.  FRANK  L.  HOUGHTON,  1900.    Teacher,  Chicago,  111. 

98.  CHARLES  D.  BENT,  Sterling,  1901. 

99.  W.  H.  HAINLINE,  Macomb,  iox>i-date.     Editor. 

100.  J.  STANLEY  BROWN,  Joliet,  i9O2-date.     Principal  Joliet  Township 

High  School. 

101.  FRANK  HORN,  DuQuoin,  1902-04. 

102.  JOSEPH  L.  ROBERTSON,  Peoria,  i9O2-date.     County  superintend- 

ent of  schools. 

103.  B.  O.  WILLARD,  Rushville,  i9O2-date.    Lawyer. 

104.  W.  Y.  SMITH,  Vienna,  111.,  1904-10  date. 

105.  F.  A.  KERNS,  Wyoming,  1905-10  date.    Lawyer. 

106.  FRANK   G.   BLAIR,   Springfield,  ex-officio  member  and   Secretary, 

1906 — .    State  Supt.  of  Public  Instruction. 

107.  FRANK  B.  STITT,  banker,  El  Paso,  1907—. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  FACULTY* 

1857-1907 


*i.  Charles  E.  Hovey,  died,  Washington,  D.  C,  Nov.  17,  1897.  First 
pres.,  I.S.N.U.  ;  Col.  of  33rd  I.V.I.,  apptd.  Brigadier  General;  prac- 
ticed law,  Washington,  D.  C. 

*2.  .Ira  Moore,  died,  Cucamonga,  Cal.,  Oct.  28,  1897.  Capt.  Co.  G, 
33rd  I.V.I.;  prof,  math.,  Univ.  of  Minn.;  prin.  State  Normal  Sch.,  St. 
Cloud,  Minn. ;  same,  San  Jose,  Cal. ;  math,  and  other  branches,  I.S.N.U., 
1857-61- 

*3.  Charlton  T.  Lewis,  died,  Morristown,  N.  J.,  1904.  Tea.,  Troy 
Univ.;  lawyer,  New  York;  lecturer  on  life  ins.,  Harvard,  Columbia,  Cor- 
nell; author  Harper's  Latin  Diet,  and  other  works;  eminent  as  an  in- 
surance actuary,  as  a  classical  scholar,  as  a  lawyer,  and  later  as  an  advo- 
cate of  prison  reform;  t.  math.,  I.S.N.U.,  1857. 

*4.  Mary  M.  Brooks  (Mrs.  James  M.  Wiley),  died,  Galva,  Jan.  9, 
1867.  Tea.  Model  Sch.,  1857-60. 

5.  Betsey  M.  Cowles,  asst.  tea.,  1857-58.    Returned  to  Cleveland,  O. 

6.  Chauncey  E.  Nye,  asst.  tea.,  1857-58.     Later,  lawyer,  Peoria,  and 
supt.  pub.  sch. 

7.  Dr.   Samuel  Willard,  literary  work,  865  Jackson   Blvd.,  Chicago. 
Surgeon,  97th  I.V.I.;   founded  pub.  library,  Springfield,  1867;    supt.  pub. 
sch.,  Springfield ;    prof,  hist.,  h.  s.,  Chicago,   1870-94 ;    t.  lang.  and  hist., 
I.S.N.U.,  1858-61. 

*8._  Edwin  Crawford  Hewett,  LL.D.,  died,  Normal,  March  31,  1905. 
Assoc.  ed.  of  Public  School  Journal,  and  School  and  Home  Education, 
1891-1905;  pub.  Pedagogy,  Psychology,  and  series  of  arithmetics;  t.  read- 
ing and  geog.,  I.S.N.U.,  1858-62;  hist,  and  geog^  same,  1862-76;  pres., 
same,  1876-90. 

*9.  Chauncey  M.  Cady,  died,  Asheville,  N.  C.,  June,  1889.  Member 
of  firm  of  Root  &  Cady,  music  pubs.,  1861-73 ;  later  piano  dealer,  Atlanta, 
Ga. ;  t.  vocal  music,  I.S.N.U.,  1858-61. 

*io.  Dr.  Edward  R.  Roe,  died,  Chicago,  1893.  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army, 
1861-65;  circuit  clerk,  McLean  Co.;  U.  S.  marshal;  pub.  The  Blue  and 
the  Gray,  and  other  books;  lect.  on  chem.  and  physiology,  I.S.N.U., 
1858-60. 

ii.  G.  Thayer,  prin.  Thayer's  Seminary,  Bloomington;  private  sch., 
Chicago;  asst.  Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1858-59. 

*i2.  Leander  H.  Potter,  died,  July  18,  1879.  Capt.  Co.  A,  33rd  111. 
Vol.  Inf.;  major,  lieut.-col.,  pres.  111.  Soldiers'  College,  Fulton;  t.  lan- 
guage, I.S.N.U.,  1859-61. 

13.  Rev.  Lewis  P.  Clover,  Episcopalian  clergyman,  Springfield.  T. 
drawing,  I.S.N.U.,  1859-60. 

*I4.  Joseph  Gideon  Howell,  killed  at  Fort  Donelson,  Feb.  15,  1862. 
Asst.  Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1859-60;  prin.,  same,  1860-61.  (See  No.  8.) 


'Regarding  members  of  the  faculty  who  are  alumni,  more  data  may  be  found  by 
referring  to  the  appropriate  numbers  in  the  alumni  register. 


350  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

15.  John   Howard  Burnham,   Bloomington.     Asst.    Mod.   Sch.,   l.S. 
N.U.,  1859-60;  prin.  same,  1861.     (See  No.  13.) 

16.  Edwin  Philbrook,  asst.,  Model  Sch.,  1859-60.     (See  No.  10.) 

17.  E.  Aaron  Gove,  asst,  Model  Sch.,  1859-60  (See  No.  14.) 

18.  Joseph  Addison  Sewell,  prof,  of  chemistry,  Denver  Univ.,  356  S. 
Broadway,  Denver,   Col.     Pres.,   Univ.  of  Col. ;    t.  nat.   sci.,   I .  S .  N .  U . , 
1860-77. 

*ig.  B.  S.  Messer,  died,  Nov.  20,  1895.  Clerk,  4th  auditor's  office, 
treas.  dept,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  t.  vocal  music,  I.S.N.U.,  1860-62. 

*2O.  Julius  E.  Bryant,  drowned,  Gulf  of  Mexico,  1864  Lieut.,  Co.  E, 
33rd  111.  Vol.  Inf.;  Col.,  o6th  U.  S.  Col.  Inf.;  t.  drawing,  I.S.N.U., 
1860-61. 

21.  J.  K.  Alexander,  t.  bookkeeping,  1860-61. 

22.  V.  Irving  Vescelius,  penmanship,  1860-61. 

23.  Oliver  Libbey,  prin.  Model  Sch.,  1860. 

*24-  Frances  A.  Peterson  (Mrs.  E.  A.  Gastman),  died,  Feb.  27,  1863. 
T.  math,  and  Latin,  1860-62.  (See  No.  3.) 

*25.  Mary  Frances  Washburn  (Mrs.  John  Hull),  died,  Carbondale, 
Aug.  10,  1882.  T.  in  prim,  dept.,  Model  Sch.,  1860-62.  (See  No.  4.) 

26.  Perkins  Bass,  acting  president,  1861-62. 

27.  John  Hull,  2009  State  St.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.     T.  math.,  1861-62. 
(See  No.  9.) 

28.  Charles  D.  Wilber,  instructor  in  Geology,  1861-62.     General  agent 
of  the  Natural  History  Society  of  Illinois,  1857-67. 

*29-  Margaret  E.  Osband  (Mrs.  Albert  Stetson),  died,  San  Fran- 
cisco. T.  grammar  and  drawing,  1861-64. 

*3O.  Henry  B.  Norton,  died,  June  22,  1885.  T.  in  Model  Sch.,  1861-62. 
(See  No.  16.) 

31.  Livonia  E.  Ketcham,  t.  in  prim,  dept.,  1861-63. 

32.  Marian  Goodrich    (Mrs.   Henry  B.   Norton),  t.   in  Model   Sch., 
1861-62. 

*33.  Mary  E.  Baker,  died,  California,  1871.  T.  h.  s.,  Decatur,  1862- 
69;  Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1861-62. 

34.  Richard  Edwards,  retired,  1302  Park  St.,  Bloomington.  St.  State 
Normal  Sch.,  Bridgewater,  Mass. ;  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  B.E.  and  C.E.  ;  prin.  State  Normal  Sch.,  Salem,  Mass.,  1854-57; 
prin.  City  Normal  Sch.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1857-62;  pres.  and  prof,  of  mental 
science  and  didactics,  I.S.N.U.,  1862-76;  pres  Blackburn  Univ.,  Carlin- 
ville,  1891-93;  state  supt.  pub.  instruction,  1887-91;  pub.  series  of  readers 
and  many  addresses  in  pamphlet  form.  Married  Betsey  J.  Samson,  July 
5,  1849. 

*35.  Thomas  Metcalf,  died,  Dec.,  1894.  T.  math.,  1862-74;  supr. 
training  dept.,  1874-94. 

36.  Albert  Stetson,  Alvarado  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  T.  language, 
1862-87. 

*37.  Charles  F.  Childs,  deceased.  Prin.  h.  s.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  prin., 
Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1862-63. 

38.  W.  L.  Pillsbury,  registrar,  Univ.  of  111.,  Urbana.     Insurance  and 
real  estate,  Bloomington,  1870-79;    asst.  state  supt.  pub.  instruction,  1879- 
86;   sec.  Agric.  Exper.  Station,  Urbana,  1888-97;   present  position,  1893 — ; 
prin.  Model  Sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1863-70. 

39.  Marion  Hammond  (Mrs.  W.  L.  Pillsbury),  Urbana.    T.  Wheaton 
Sem.,  Norton,  Mass.;  prin.  dept,  I.S.N.U.,  1865-66. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  351 

40.  Lyman  B.  Kellogg,  Emporia,  Kan.  Asst.  Model  Sch.,  1863-64. 
(See  No.  40.) 

*4i.  John  H.  Thompson,  died,  Jan.,  1869.  Asst.  h.  s.,  1863-64.  (See 
No.  3.T) 

42.     Fanny  L.  D.  Strong,  preceptress,  grammar  and  drawing,  1864. 

43  Emaline  Dryer,  55  S.  Ada  St.,  Chicago.  Preceptress,  grammar 
and  Drawing,  1864-70. 

44.  Bandusia  Wakefield,  Point  Loma,  Cal.     Asst,  Model  Sch.,  1864; 
grammar  and  arith,  1875-81.     (See  No.  45.) 

45.  Thomas   J.   Burrill,    Univ.   of  111.,   Urbana.     Asst.,    Model    Sch., 
1864-65.     (See  No.  46.) 

46.  Oscar  F.  McKim,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa.     Asst.,  Model  Sch.,  1865-66. 
(See  No.  50.) 

*47.  Melancthon  Wakefield,  died,  Sept.  22,  1900.  Asst.,  Model  Sch., 
1865-66.  (*See  No.  52.) 

48.  Ruth  E.  Barker    (Mrs.  Hargrove).     Asst.  Model   Sch.,   1865-67. 
(See  No.  81.) 

49.  Edith  T.  Johnson  (Mrs.  John  H.  Morley).     Prin.  Primary  Sch., 
1865-68.     (See  No.  36.) 

50.  John  W.  Cook,  DeKalb.     Prin.,  gram,  sch.,  1866-68;    acting  prof, 
geog.  and  hist,  1868-69;    reading  and  elocution,  1869-76;    math.,   1876-90; 
pres.,  1890-99.     (See  No.  47.) 

*5.i.  John  W.  Powell,  died,  Oct.  23,  1902.  Explorer  of  Colorado 
Canon;  head  of  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey;  Bureau  of  Ethnology,  Washington, 
D.  C. ;  prof,  of  geol.  and  curator  of  museum,  I.S.N.U.,  1866-72. 

*52.  E.  P.  Burlingham,  died,  1870.  Supt.  pub.  sch.,  Cairo,  1867-69; 
prin.  gram,  sch,  I.S.N.U.,  1866-67. 

53.  Olive  A.  Rider  (Mrs.  Alfred  Cotton),  prin.  intermed.  dept,  1866- 
67.     (See  No.  61.) 

54.  Martha  D.  L.  Haynie,  603  E.  46th  St.,  Chicago.    Asst.  h.  s.,  1866- 
67;  mod.  lang.,  1876-86. 

55.  Martha  Foster.     Prin  intermediate  sch.,  1867-68.     (See  No.  54.) 
*56.     Letitia  Mason,  died,   Chicago,  June   14,    1903.     Asst   arith.   and 

gram.,'  1868-69.     (See  No.  126.) 

57.  Joseph  Carter,  Champaign.     Prin.  gram,  sch.,  1868-70.     (See  No. 
I33-) 

58.  Mary  Pennell    (Mrs.  A.  H.  Barber),  22  Bryant  Ave.,   Chicago. 
T.  Peoria  Co.  Normal  Sch.;  asst  gram,  sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  1868-70. 

*59.     Loring  A.  Chase,  died,  Aug.  21,  1906.     Asst  normal  dept,  1872. 

60.  Lucia  Kingsley  (Mrs.  G.  G.  Manning).     Prin.  intermed.  and  prim, 
depts.,  j868-7i.     (See  No.  88. ) 

61.  Henry    McCormick,    vice-pres.,    and    prof,    of    hist,    I.S.N.U. 
Prof,  of  geog.,  I.S.N.U.,   1869-1901;    prof,  of  hist,  same,  1876 — ;    vice- 
pres.,  same,  1891 — .     (See  No.  97.) 

62.  Myra  A.  Osband  (Mrs.  J.  B.  Sutton),  Tacoma,  Wash.     Precept- 
ress, grammar  and  drawing,  1870-73. 

63.  Mary  E.  Horton.     First  prof.  Greek  at  Wellesley  College ;    later 
resided  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;    prin.  h.  s.,  I.S.N.U.,  1870-71. 

64.  Benjamin  Webb  Baker.    Prin.  gram,  sch.,  1870-74.    (See  No.  132.) 

65.  Eliab  Washburn  Coy,  prin.   h.  s.,  Cincinnati,  O.     Brown  Univ., 
A.M.,  1858;    Princeton,  Ph.D.,  1886;    prin.  h.  s.,  Peoria,  1858-65,  69-71; 
Latin,  Greek,  anc.  hist,  I.S.N.U.,  1871-73;    pub.  Beginning  Latin  Book. 
Married  Gena  L.  Harrington,  Aug.  12,  1863. 


352  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

*66.  Martha  E.  Hughes  (Mrs.  Dr.  Griswold),  died,  1896.  Resided  in 
Minneapolis.  Prin.  intermed.  dept,  1871-72. 

67.  Stephen  Alfred  Forbes,  prof,  of  zoology  and  state  entomologist, 
Univ.   of   111.,   Urbana.     St.,   I.S.N.U.;    Rush   Med.    College;     Indiana 
Univ.,   Ph.D.,  1884;    Univ.  of  111.,  LL.D.,  1904;    prin.  pub  sch,  Benton; 
same,  Mt  Vernpn;    present  position,  1884 — ;    pub.  13  biennial  reports  as 
State  Entomolgist,  and  numerous  scientific  and  educational  articles.     Mar- 
ried Clara  S.  Gaston,  Dec.  25,  1873;   prof,  of  zoology  and  curator  of  mu- 
seum, I.S.N.U.,  1872-84. 

68.  Gertrude    K.    Case    (Mrs.    Wesley    Young),    Los   Angeles,    Cal. 
Prin.  prim,  and  intermed.  depts.,  1872-75.     (See  H.  S.  No.  i.) 

69.  Harriet  M.  Case  (Mrs.  Andrew  T.  Morrow),  1615  Missouri  Ave., 
St.    Louis,    Mo.      Preceptress,    grammar    and    drawing,    1873-77.       (See 
No.  53.) 

*7O.  Lester  L.  Burrington,  died,  Aug.  30,  1903.  Prin.,  Dean  Acad., 
Franklin,  Mass.,  1879-97;  member  Mass,  legislature,  1899-  1900;  supt. 
pub.  sch.,  Peabody,  Mass.,  1901-1903;  prin.  h.  s.,  I.S.N.U.,  1874-79. 

71.  Rosalie    Miller    (Mrs.    Harrison   Carman),    Lexington,   Ky.     T. 
drawing,  1874-83. 

72.  Lyman  Hutchinson,  Sioux   City,  la.     Asst.  gram,  sch.,  1864-66; 
t.  gram.  1875-81. 

73.  Ellen  S.   Edwards,  Bloomington.     Reading,   1875-77.      (See   No. 
202.) 

74.  Mrs.   Jane    Pennell    Carter,    Champaign.      T.    in    intermed.    and 
prim,  depts.,  1875-76.     (See  No.  104.) 

75.  William  S.   Mills,  Brooklyn,  N.   Y.     Prin.   gram,   sch.,   1875-76. 
(See  No.  258.) 

76.  Armada  G.  Paddock,  ist  asst,  training  dept.,  1876-79. 

77.  Charles  DeGarmo,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.     Prin.  gram,  sch.,  1876-83 ;  mod. 
lang.  and  reading,  1886-90.     (See  No.  211.) 

78.  Minor  Lawrence  Seymour,  horticulture,  448  S.  Alvarado  St.,  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.    T.  Owego  Acad.,  1855,  Ithaca  Acad.,  1856;   supt.  sch.,  Ade- 
line,   1868-70;    Foreston,   1870-72;     Blue   Island,    1872-78;    science,    State 
Normal  Sch.,   Chico,   Cal.,    1888-1901 ;    vice-pres.   same,   1893-1900.     Mar- 
ried Luvia  A.  Hall,  Oct.  24,  1861 ;    t.  I.S.N.U.,  sciences  and  curator  of 
museum,.  1878-88. 

79.  Flora  Pennell  (Mrs.  John  H.  Parr),  Holland,  Mich.    Preceptress 
and  reading,  1877-90.     (See  No.  180.) 

80.  Edmund  Janes  James,  Urbana.    Prin.  h.  s.,  1879-82.     (See  H.  S., 
No.  20.) 

81.  Julia  E.  Kennedy,  Douglas,  Alaska.     Prim,  dept.,  training  sch., 
1879-88.     (See  No.  147.) 

82.  James   V.   McHugh,   Minneapolis,   Minn.     Asst.    in   math.,    1886. 
(See  No.  387.) 

83.  Mary  E.   Skinner    (Mrs.   E.   P.   Lovejoy),    Princeton.     Reading, 
1881-82. 

84.  Julia  Scott,  grammar,  1882.     (See  No.  328.) 

85.  Mary  Hartmann,  math.,  I.S.N.U.,  209   Normal  Ave.,   Normal. 
Lombard  College,  L.A.,  1869  A.M.,  1888;   t.  in  h.  s.,  Galva,  1869-73;    Free- 
port,   1873-74;    prin.  h.  s.,  Tuscola,   1874-75;    h.   s.,   Marshalltown,   Iowa, 
1876-81 ;    prin.   same,   1877-81 ;    math,  and  Latin,   Normal   Sch.,  Winona, 
Minn.,  1881-82;   present  position,  1882 — . 

86.  J.  D.  H.  Cornelius,  prof.   Latin,  Adrian  College,  Adrian,   Mich. 
Prin.  h.  s.,  1883. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  353 

87.  Herbert  Jewett  Barton,  prof,  of  Latin,  Univ.  of  111.,  406  W.  Hill 
St.,    Champaign.     Dartmouth   College,   A.B.,    1876;     A.M.,    1893;     prin. 
h.  s.,  Waukegan,    1878-81;  prin.   Kinzie  sch.,   Chicago,    1883;   prin.   h.   s., 
I  S  N.U.     1883-91;    present  position,   1891 — .     Married   Sara  L.   Dodge, 
1877- 

88.  Rudolph    R.    Reeder,    Hastings-on-Hudson,    N.    Y.      Prin.    gram, 
sch.,  1883-90;    reading,  1891-93.     (See  No.  427.) 

89.  S.  Annette  Bowman,  Wardner,  Idaho.     Drawing,  1883-88.     (See 
No.  321.) 

90.  Alice  McCormick  (Mrs.  O.  R.  Trowbridge),  Normal.    Asst.  h.  s., 
1883-85..  (See  No.  406.) 

91.  Helen  A.  Dewey,  prim,  tea.,  1885-86.     (See  No.  560.) 

92.  Fannie  C.  Fell,  asst.  h.  s.,  1886-87,  1889-92.     (See  H.  S.,  No.  45.) 

93.  Frances  Ohr,  asst.  h.  s.,  1886     (See  H.  S.,  No.  57.) 

94.  Adella  M.    O.   Hanna    (Mrs.   Francis  A.  Erode),  901   W.  35th 
St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.    Wooster  Univ.,  Wooster,  O.,  A.  B.,  1885 ;    A.  M., 
1888;    t.   I.S.N.U.,  reading  and  asst.  in  pedagogy,  1886-87;    Greek  and 
Latin,  h.    s.  dept.,    1887-88;    asst.   Eng.   dept.,   1888-91;    head  Eng.    dept., 
1891-94.    Married  Francis  A.  Erode,  July  18,  1894. 

95.  Lizzie   P.   Swan,   Beloit,   Wis.     Geog.   and  hist,   1886-92.      (See 
No.  362.) 

96.  Martha  G.  Knight    (Mrs.  J.  B.  Adam),  Normal.     Special  asst, 
1886-87.     (See  No.  175.) 

97.  Ida  M.  Hollis,  for  a  time,  tea.  at  Binghamton,  N.  Y.    Asst.  h.  s., 
1887-89. 

98.  Richard  D.  Jones,  A.M.,  prof.  Eng.  lit,  Vanderbilt  Univ.,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.    Lang,  and  reading,  1887-91 . 

*99.  Buel  Preston  Colton,  died,  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  Sept.  7,  1906. 
St.  Knox  College,  1871-72,  Amherst,  A.B.,  1872-74,  A.M.,  same,  1884,  Johns 
Hopkins,  1880-82 ;  t.  nat.  science,  h.  s.,  Princeton,  1874-76,  same,  Keokuk, 
I.,  1876-77,  same,  Decatur,  1877-78,  same,  Princeton,  1878-81,  same,  Ottawa, 
1883-88,  prin.  h.  s.,  Ottawa,  1885-88,  biology,  I.S.N.U.,  1888-1906;  pub. 
series  of  Physiologies  and  Zoology  Textbooks.  Married  Charlotte  Zear- 
ing,  Dec.  24,  1883. 

100.  Clarissa  E.  Ela,  Bloomington.  Drawing,  1888 — .     (See  No.  437.) 

101.  Ruth  Morris  (Mrs.  Kersey),  institute  instructor,  215  S.  9th  St., 
Richmond,  Ind.     St.  State  Normal  Sch.,  Oswego,  N.  Y. ;    t.  country  sch. 
and  prim,  grades,   Richmond,  Ind.,    1864-66;    supervisor  prim,   instr.  and 
prin.,   Indianapolis,  Ind.,   1868-69;    critic  tea.,   State   Normal    Sch.,   Terre 
Haute,  Ind.,  1870-73 ;    Eng.  in  h.  s.  and  critic  tea.  in  Normal  Sch.,  Indian- 
apolis,   Ind.,    1873-78;     critic   tea.,   Normal   Sch.,    Cleveland,    O.,    1878-79; 
Eng.  grammar,  State  Normal  Sch.,  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  1879-84;    pedagogy 
and  chair  of  lit.,  same,  1884-87;    critic  tea.,  pedagogy,  Eng.  grammar;    lit., 
I.S.N.U.,    1888-91;     pedagogy    and    psychology,    Chicago    Kindergarten 
College,  1892-1961 ;    institute  instructor,  1901 — .     Married  Charles  Anselm 
Kersey,  M.D.,  Dec.  i,  1891 . 

102.  Mary  M.  Hall   (Mrs.  Fred  Husted),  Bloomington.     Asst.  prim, 
dept,  1888-93.     (See  No.  440.) 

103.  Edward  I.  Manley,  Englewood  h.  s.,  5801  Lexington  Ave.,  Chi- 
cago.   Asst.  h.  s.,  I. S.N.U.,  1888-91.     (See  No.  560.) 

104.  David    Felmley,    pres.,    I.S.N.U.      Blackburn    Univ.,    Carlinville, 
1873-76;  Univ.  of  Mich.,  A.B.,  1876-78,  1 880-8 1 ;  Martha's  Vineyard,  1883; 
Univ.  of  111.,  LLD.,  1905;  Blackburn  Univ.,  L.H.D.,  1906;  tea.  rural  sch., 
Macoupin  Co.,  1878-79;  h.  s.,  Carrollton,  1879-80,  1881-82;  supt.  pub.  sch., 
same,  1882-90;  prof,  math.,  I.S.N.U.,  1890-1900;  presi.,  I.S.N.U.,  1900 — , 


354  SEMI-CENTENNIAI,  HISTORY 

105.  Frank  M.  McAIurry,  Teachers'  Coll.,  New  York  City.     Training 
tea.,  1890-92.     (See  H.  S.  No.  51.) 

106.  Dudley  G.  Hays,  phys.  and  chem.,  1890-91.     (See  No.  622.) 

107.  John  W.  Hall,  prin.  gram,  sch.,  1890-92.     (See  No.  620.) 

108.  Ange  V.  Milner,  librarian,  1890 — . 

109.  Orson    Leroy    Manchester,    prof,    foreign    lang.    and    economics, 
I.S.N.U.     Dartmouth    College,   A.B.,    1882-86,   A.M.,    1889,   111.   Wesleyan, 
LL.D.,  1906;  tea.  in  rural  sch.,  Lake  Co.,  1881-82,  tea.  5  terms  village  h.  s. 
during  college  course,  private  sch.,  Billerica,  Mass.,  and  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y., 
1886-87,   prin.    h.    s.,   Joliet    1887-90,   prin.    h.    s.    dept,    I.S.N.U.,    1891-95; 
mayor  of  Normal,  1907 — .    Married  Flora  Thompson  (See  H.  S.  No.  224), 
Dec.,  1895;   present  position,  1895 — . 

no.     Lucia  W.  Raines    (Mrs.  William  Rowe),  Tunis,   Hertford  Co., 
N.  Car.     Tea.  at  Shenandoah,  la. ;  reading  and  gym.,  I.S.N.U.,  1891-92. 
in.     Arthur  O.  Norton,  phys.  sci.,  1891-92.     (See  No.  938.) 

112.  Lida  Brown  McMurry,  DeKalb.     Prim,  training  tea.,  1891-1900. 
(See  No.  222.) 

113.  Jacob  A.  Bohrer,  Bloomington.  Asst.  h.  s.,  1891-  92.   (See  H.  S. 
No.  95.) 

114.  Elmer  W.   Cavins,  penmanship  and  orthog.,   1891 — .      (See  No. 
683.) 

115.  J.  Rose  Colby,  preceptress  and  prof,  of  lit.,  I.S.N.U.     Univ.  of 
Mich.,    A.B.,    1874-78,    Radcliffe    College    1883-84,    Univ.    of    Mich.,    A.M. 
Ph.D.,  1884-86;  tea.  alg.,  h.  s.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  1878-79,  preceptress  and 
tea.  of  Latin  and  Greek,  h.  s.,  Flint,  Mich.,  1879-83  Eng.  h.  s.,  Peoria,  1886- 
92;  pub.  Silas  Marner,  sch.  edit.,  1900,  Literature  and  Life  in  Sch.,  1906; 
present  position,   1892 — . 

116.  Eva    Wilkins,    Rollins    College,    Winter    Park,    Fla.      Hist,    and 
geog.,   1892-1004. 

117.  Charles  A.  McMurry,  training  tea.,  1892;  supr.  of  practice,  1894- 
96,  1897-99.  (See  H.  S.  No.  30.) 

118.  Mary    R.    Potter,    prof,    of    lang.,    N.I.S.N.S.,    DeKalb.      Asst. 
h.  s.,  1892-95;    asst.  ancient  lang.,  1895-96,  1897-99. 

119.  Swen  F.  Parson,  prin.  gram,  sch.,  1892-94.     (See  No.  694.) 

120.  Amelia  Frances  Lucas,  st.  Columbia  College  of  Expression,  Chi- 
cago.    Diploma,  Emerson  College  of  Expression    1891,  Curry  Sch.  of  Ex- 
pression,  1906;  tea.  of  expression,  Daughters  College,  Harrodsburg,  Ky., 
1891-92,    reading    and    gymnastics,    I.S.N.U.,    1892-1903,    reading,    same, 
1903-05 ;    pub.  Phonics  and  Reading,  Van  Liew-Lucas. 

121.  Charles   C.   Van  Liew,  pres.,   State   Normal   Sch.,   Chico,   Calif., 
1899 — .     Supr.  training  State  Normal   Sch.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  1897-99; 
tea.  reading  and  pedagogy,  I.S.N.U.,   1894-96;   supr.   of  practice,   1896-97. 

122.  Kate  Mavity  (Mrs.  William  Martin),  Capt  Girardeau,  Mo.    Tea. 
gram.,  1894-95;  training  tea.,  gram,  grades,  1895-96. 

123.  Joseph  G.  Brown,  phys.  sci.  and  vocal  music,  1894-98.     (See  No. 
750.) 

124.  Maud    Valentine,    training     tea.,    intermed.     grades,    1894-1900. 
(See  No.  611.) 

125.  Cora  May  Dodson  (Mrs.  Dr.  William  Piatt  Graham),  504  Uni- 
versity PL,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.     Training  tea.,  gram,  grades,  1894-95. 

126.  John  Alexander  Hull  Keith,  Normal.     Prin.  gram,  sch.,  1894-96; 
supt.  training  dept.,  1906—.     (See  No.  755.) 

127.  John  A.  Strong,  orthog.,  1894-95.     (See  No.  850.) 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  355 

128.  Elizabeth  Mavity  (Mrs.  Cunningham),  208  E.  Walnut  St., 
Bloomington.  English  grammar,  1895-1901;  in  charge  of  training  school 
and  elementary  pedagogy,  1901-06;  psychology,  several  terms;  grad.  Indiana 
State  Normal  School  at  Terre  Haute,  1888 ;  primary  critic  tea.,  same, 
1889-92;  Paoli,  Ind.,  grammar  and  h.  s.,  1892-95;  I.S.N.U.  as  above; 
pub.  articles  on  grammar  in  School  News.  Married  Dr.  John  D.  Cun- 
ningham, Aug.  10,  1905. 

*i29.     Louis  H.  Galbreath,  pedagogy,  1896-97.     (See  No.  474.) 

130.  J.  Irving  Reed.     Tea.   in  Colo,   and  Calif.     Asst.  ancient  lang. 
1896-97. 

131.  Andrew  H.  Melville,  prin.  gram,  sch.,  1896-99.     (See  No.  789.) 

132.  Anne  A.  Stanley,  tea.  elem.  sch.,  St.  Agatha,  557-559  West  End 
Ave,.  New  York  City.     Tea.,  intermed.  dept.,  Oxford  Sch  for  Boys,  Chi- 
cago, 1901-03;  present  position,  1903 — ;  critic  tea.,  gram,  grades,  I.S.N.U., 
1896-1901. 

133.  Charles  T.  Bowman,  penmanship  and  orthg.,  1896-97. 

134.  Manfred  James  Holmes,  psychology  and  genl.  method,  I.S.N.U. 
Diploma,   State  Normal   Sch.,  Winona,   Minn.,   1885,   Cornell  Univ.,  B.L., 
1891 ;  tea.  dist.  sch.,  1883-84,  prin.  graded  sch.,  1885-86,  private  sch.,  1886- 
87,  head  dept.  hist,  civics  and  social  science,  and  tea.  of  rhetoric  and  comp., 
State    Normal    Sch.,   Winona,    Minn.,    1891-97,    special    and   genl.    method, 
psychology,   etc.,    I.S.N.U.,    1897 — ;    sec.    National    Society   for   Scientific 
Study  of  Education,  and  editor  of  Yearbooks  of  the  same. 

135  B.   C.    Edwards,   Albian,   Idaho.     Reading  and  gym.,    1897-1903. 

136.  Frederic  Delos  Barber,  Normal.  Phys.  sci.,  1898 — .  (See  No. 
748.) 

*i37.  Arnold  Tompkins,  died  Aug.   12,   1905.     Pres.  Chicago  Normal 
Sch.,  1900-05;  pres.,  I.S.N.U.,  1899-1900. 

138.  John  J.  Wilkinson,  supt.  of  practice,  1899-1900.     (See  No.  483.) 

139.  Frank  S.  Bogardus,  prin.  gram,  sch.,  1899-1903.     (See  No.  827.) 

140.  Mrs.  Ida  Cook  Gove,  teacher  of  voice,  Peoria  Conservatory  of 
Music,    Peoria.      Supervisor    of    music,     I.S.N.U.,     1899-1900.      Married 
Frank  W.  Gove,  July  27,  1882. 

141.  Irene  Martha  Blanchard,  Latin  and  English,  I.S.N.U.,  Normal. 
Univ.  of  Mich.,   1894-98,  A.B.,   1898;   tea.   Latin  and  Greek,  h.   s.,  Battle 
Creek,  Mich.,  1898-99,  Latin  and  English,  I.S.N.U.,  1899—. 

142.  William  Wesley  Black,   supervising  prin.,  pub.   sch.,  District  of 
Columbia,  412  T   St.,   N.W.,  Washington.     Grad.   Indiana   State   Normal 
Sch.,    1892,   Univ.   of  III,   A.B.,    1898,    A.M.,   1899;   tea.   ungraded   sch,.  6 
yrs. ;  h.  s.  2  yrs.,  supt.,  6  yrs.,  sci.  and  art  of  instruction,  Chicago  Normal 
Sch.,    5    yrs.,    present   position,    1906 — ;    science     and   art     of    instruction, 
I.S.N.U.,  1900-01.     Married  Anna  E.  Stockton,  1883. 

143.  Charles  W.  Whitten,  asst.  nat.  sci.,  1900-03.     (See  No.  1097.) 

144.  Anna  Gertrude  King  (Mrs.  Louis  C.  Turley),  prim,  training  tea., 
1900-03.     (See  No.  1048.) 

145.  Will  H.  Johnson,  prim,  training  tea.,  1900-02.     (Se  No.  1010.) 

146.  Jessie   May   Dillon,   training  tea.,   3rd  and   6th   grades,    1901 — . 
(See  No.  900.) 

147.  Genevieve  Clarke,  training  tea.,  6th  grade,   1900-01.      (See   No. 
1035-) 

148.  Clara  M.  Snell,  training  tea.,  4th  grade,  1900-01.     (See  No.  922.) 

149.  Eleanor  Hampton,     training  tea.,  5th  and  8th  grade,     1900-04. 
(See  No.  739.) 


356  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

150.  Charles   Ammerman,   math.,    McKinley   H.    S.,    St.   Louis,   Mo. 
Math.,  I.  S.  N.  U.,  1900-01. 

151.  Frank   W.   Westhoff,   Normal.    Supr.   of  music,  pub.   sch.,  De- 
catur,  1891-1901 ;    pub.  Select  Rote  Songs  and  Elementary  Music  Reader; 
author  of  Music  Outline  in  State  Course  of  Study.     Married  Oct.,  1889. 
Tea.  vocal  music,'  I.  S.  N.  U.,  1901—. 

152.  Chestine  Gowdy,  Eng.  grammar,  I.S.N.U.     State  Normal  Sch., 
Winona,  Minn.,  1876-77,  Univ.  of  Minn.,  B.L.,  1899;  tea.  in  elem.  and  h.  s., 
Faribault,  Minn.,  1878-88,  math,  and  Eng.  State  Normal  Sch.  Spearfish,  S. 
Dak.,   1888-92,  geom.  and  hist.,  Central  H.   S.,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  1893- 
1901,  Eng.  gram.,  Univ.  of  Minn.,  summer  terms,  1897-1902;  pub.  textbook 
on  English  Grammar;  present  position,  1901 — . 

153.  Mary  Judson  Averett,  418  Central  Park  West,  New  York  City. 
Geog.,  1901-03. 

154.  George   Henry   Howe,   prof,   math,,   I.    S.   N.   U.     Grad.    State 
State   Normal   and   Training    Sch.,    Oswego,    N.    Y.,    1882,    111.    Wesleyan 
Univ.,    Ph.B.,    1887,    Ph.D.,    1898;    st.   summer   sch.,    Chautauqua,   Cornell, 
Univ.  of  Chicago,  1884-96;  prin.   Normal  and  College   Prep.  Depts.,  Tal- 
ladega  College,  Ala.  1882-86,  head  dept.  math.,  State  Normal  Sch.,  War- 
rensburg,  Mo.,  1887-98;  pres.,  same,  1898-1901;  present  position,   1901 — . 

155.  Rose  Bland,  training  tea.,  1901-06.     (See  No.  797.) 

156.  Jessie   Cunningham    (Mrs.   Charles   A.   Whitten),  training  tea., 
1901-04.     (See  No.  701.) 

157.  Lura  M.  Eyestone,  training  tea.,  1901-06.     (See  H.  S.  No.  152.) 

158.  Marien  C.  Lyons,  geog.,  1902-03;  training  tea.,  1904.     (See  No. 
912.)' 

159.  Lora     M.   Dexheimer,  prim,     training  tea.,   1902 — .      (See   No. 
1106.) 

160.  Caroleen  Robinson,  director  of  kindergarten,  1902 — . 

161.  Clara  Trimble,  prim,  training  tea.,  1902-03.     (See  No.  1138.) 

162.  William    Thomas    Bawden,     director     manual    training    dept., 
I.S.N.U.     Denison  Univ.,  Granville,  O.,  A.B.,  1892-96;  man.  tr.,  Mechan- 
ics'  Institute,   Rochester,    N.   Y.,     1897-98;    Bachelor's   Diploma     Manual 
Training  for  Elem  Sch.,  Teacher's  College,  Columbia  Univ.,  New  York, 
1902-03;    tea.  math.,  U.  S.  hist.,  and  French,  Cedar  Valley  Sem.,  Osage, 
la.,  1896-97 ;  woodturning  and  patternmaking,  State  Reformatory,  Elmira, 
N.  Y.,  March.-August,  1898;  asst.  supr.  man.  tr.,  pub.  sch.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
1898-1902;    present   position,    1903 — ;    associate   editor,   Manual   Training 
Magazine,  1907 — . 

163.  Mabel    Louise    Cummings,     tea.    of   gymnastics,    I.S.N.U.     St 
N.  Sch.  Phys.  Educ.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1892;  N.  S.  Gym.,  Boston,  Mass., 
1897 :    supr.   phys.   training,   pub.   sch.,   Attleboro,   Mass.,    1897-98 ;    same, 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  1898-99;  tea.  phys.  tr.,  Barstow  Sch.  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
1899-1903  present  position,  1903 — . 

164.  John  Pogue  Stewart,  asst.  nat.  sci.,  1903-06.     (See  No.  1025.) 

165.  Isaac   Newton   Warner,   prin.   gram,   sch.,   1903-06;   prin.   h.   s., 
1906 — .     (See  No.  1095.) 

166.  Florence  G.  Stevens,  Oswego,  N.  Y.    Prim,  training  tea.,  1903-04 

167.  Alice  Perle  Watson,  training  tea.,  gram,  grades,  1904-06.     (See 
No.  1351-) 

168.  Rebekah  Lesem,  training  tea.  intermed.  grades,  1904 — . 

169.  Lora  B.  Peck,  prim,  super,  pub.  sch.,  1514  Rusk  Ave.,  Houston, 
Texas.      St.    I.S.N.U.,    1894-95,    97-98,    diploma,    Peabody    College    for 
Teachers,   Nashville,   Tenn.,   1904;   prim,   critic  tea.,  I.S.N.U.,   1904-07; 
present  position,  March,  1907 — . 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  357 

170.  Howard  Spencer  Woodward,  public  speaking,  I.S.N.U.,  509 
S.  Fell  Ave.,  Normal.  Hiram  College,  Hiram,  O.,  A.B.,  1902,  Yale  Univ., 
A.B.,  1903,  Harvard  Univ.,  Eng.  dept.,  il/2  yrs. ;  public  speaking,  I.S.N.U., 
1905—. 

*I7I.  Mrs.  Cora  McCullom  Smith,  died  in  Waterloo,  Iowa,  Nov.  15, 
1906.  Grad.  Univ.  of  Kansas ;  tea.  Macomb  Normal  and  Business  Inst, 
Univ.  of  Kas.,  State  Normal  Sch.,  Moorhead,  Minn.,  1900-05,  reading, 
I.S.N.U.,  1905-06. 

172.  Grace  Knudsen,  tea.  geog.,  Whitewater,  Wis.    Tea.  in  E.I.S.N.S., 
Charleston,  Iowa  State  Normal  Sch.,  Cedar  Falls,  I.S.N.U. ;  st.  Univ.  of 
Chicago. 

173.  Florence  Leona  Lyon,  tea.  Latin  and  Eng.,  h.  s.,  308  Third  Ave., 
Ashland,  Wis.     St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,  A.B.,  1901,  1905-06;  tea.  Latin,  So. 
Collegiate  Inst..  Albion,  1901-03,  asst.  Eng.  Millikin  Univ.,  Decatur,  1903- 
05;  Latin  and  Eng.,  I.S.N.U.,  spring  term,  1906. 

174.  Herbert   Dixon   in    sanitarium,    Colorado   Springs,   Colo.     Prin. 
training  sch.,  I.S.N.U.,  fall  term,  1906.     (See  No.  1405.) 

175.  Olive   Lillian   Barton,   critic,  training   dept,   I.S.N.U.,    1906 — . 
(See  No.  949.) 

176.  Anna  Joseph,  reading,  I.S.N.U.     Kansas  State  Normal  Sch., 
1899-1903,  Univ.  of  Kas.,  A.B.,  1905,  Univ.  of  Mich.,  A.M.  1906;  asst.  in 
elocution,  Kas.  State  Normal,  1904;  present  position,  1906 — . 

177.  Alice   J.    Patterson,    nature   study   and   elem.    physics,    I.S.N.U. 
St.  Univ.  of  Chicago,   1896-97,  and  summers,   1898,  99,   1901 ;  prin.  h.  s., 
Wheaton,    1890-94,    same,    Fairbury,    1895-96,   science  tea.,   h.    s.,   Normal, 
1897-1905,  nature  study  and  elem.  physics,  I.S.N.U.,  1906 — .  (See  No.  601.) 

178.  Helen  Elizabeth  Purcell,  critic,  5th  grade,  training  dept.,  I.S.N.U. 
Univ.    of   Chicago,    B.E.,    1906;    tea.    elem.    sch,,    Saginaw,    Mich.,   present 
position,  1906 — . 

179.  Martha  Hunt,  alg.,  comp.,  and  hist,   I.S.N.U.     St.  I.S.N.U., 
summer,    1902,   Univ.   of   Chicago,    summers,    1905,    1906;    tea.   elem.   sch., 
Greene  Co.,  1889-93,  LeRoy,  1893-95,  P"n.  h.  s.,  Hillsboro,  1895-99,  prin. 
Tallula,  1900-02,  prin.  h.  s.,  Clinton,  1902-06;  present  position,  1906 — . 

180.  John  Gaylord  Coulter,  prof,  of  biology,  I.S.N.U.     Lake  For- 
est, A.B.,  1895;  Univ.  of  Chicago,  Ph.D.,  1900;  tea.  of  botany,  Syracuse 
Univ.,  1899-1901':  Univ.  of  Chicago,  summer,  1900;  prof,  of  biology,  Em- 
ory College,  Oxford,  Ga.,  1902;    botanist,  Bureau  of  Educ.,  Philippine  Is., 
1902-05 ;    man.  edit.,  Manila  Times;   edit.  Philippine  Teacher;    pub.  Notes 
in  Philippine  Botany,  1903 ;  Nature  Study  Reader,  1005.    Married  Florence 
West,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  May  21,  1903 ;  present  position,  1906 — . 

181.  George  Brophy  Kendall,  prin.  training  sch.,   I.S.N.U.,  January, 
1907—.     (See  No.  1359.) 

182.  Maud  Fraser,  critic,  2d  grade,  training  dept.     I.S.N.U.  State 
Normal  College,  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  1894;   tea.  elem.  sch.,  Ypsilanti,  Mich., 
1895-99,  prim.  supr.  and  training  tea.,  Fostoria,  O.,  1899-1902;  prin  Knox- 
ville  College  Model  Sch.,  Tenn.,   1903-04;   critic,  3d  and  4th  gr.,  Valley 
City,  N.  Dak.,  1904-06;  present  position,  March,  1907 — . 


REGISTER  OF  THE  FACULTY  FOR  THE 
SUMMER  SCHOOL 

1.  Daisy  Dunton  (Mrs.  Colburn),  Okayama,  Japan.     Grad.  Art  Inst , 
Chicago,    1898;    director    art   dept.,    Eureka    College;    t.    elem.    handwork, 
color,    clay   modeling,    I.S.N.U.,    ist   terms,    1902,    1903,    1904.     Married 
Gary  R.  Colburn  (See  No.  684),  1905. 

2.  Herbert    Bassett,   supt.   pub.   sch.,    Normal.     T.   phys.   and   chem., 
I.S.N.U.,  ist  terms,  1902-03.     (See  No.  749.) 

3.  Oliver  Morton  Dickerson,  history,  W.I.S.N.S.,  Macomb.     Univ. 
of  111.,  A.B.,  1903;   A.M.,  1904;    Ph.D.,  1906;    Thayer  Scholar,  Harvard, 
1904-05;   prin.  pub.  sch.,  Macon,  1899-1901;    head  instructor  history,  W.I. 
S.N.S.,    Macomb,    1906 — ;    pub.   ///.    Constitutional  Convention   of   1862, 
Univ.  of  III.  Studies;   t.  history,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  terms,  1903,  1905,  1906. 

4.  Nathan    A.    Harvey,    prof,    of   pedagogy,    State    Normal    College, 
Ypsilanti,  Mich.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1889-90;  tea.,  h.  s.,  Kansas  City,  1891- 
96;    dept.  of  science,  Superior,  Wis.,  State  Normal  Sch.,  1896-1900;    vice- 
prin.,  Chicago  Normal  Sch.,  1900-04;   present  position,  1905 — ;  pub.  Introd. 
to  Study  of  Zoology;    t.  botany  and  zoology,  I.S.N.U.,  2nd  terms,  1902, 
1903,  1904. 

5.  William  A.  Furr,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  Jacksonville.     St.  Union  Chris- 
tian College,   1883 ;    Indiana   State  Normal   Sch.,  diploma,    1893 ;    Indiana 
State  Univ.,  A.B.,  1896;    A.M.,  1897;    supt.  pub.  sch.,  Ottawa,  1899-1905; 
same,  Jacksonville,  1905 — ;    t.  U.   S.  hist,  and  pedagogy,  I.S.N.U.,  2nd 
term,   1903. 

6.  John  Arthur  Strong,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  Blandinsville.     T.  Eng.  gram. 
I.S.N.U.,  ist  and  2nd  terms,  1902,  1905;   2nd  term,  1903;    ist  term,  1906. 
(See  No.  850.) 

7.  Bruce  Smith,  head  Eng.  dept.,  h.  s.,  Decatur.     Univ.  of  111.,  A.B., 
1901;   present  position,  1901 — ;    t.  Eng.  lit.,  I.S.N.U.,  2nd  terms,  1903,  04. 

8.  Emilie  Barrington  Wright,  tea.,  Wendell  Phillips  h.  s.,  6338  Ellis 
Ave.,  Chicago.     T.  Caesar  and  rhetoric,  2nd  term,  1903.     (See  No.  928.) 

9.  Lottie  Aurora  Jackson  (Mrs.  Ludwig  Thomsen),  Jason  Lee  Acad- 
emy, Weiser,  Idaho.     St.  Univ.  of  Mich.,  1888-89,  I&94-95 ',    Prang  Summer 
Sch.,  1901 ;    Pratt  Inst.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1902-03 ;    Millikin  Univ.,  Decatur, 
1903-04;    t.    elem.  sch.,   Manistique,   Mich.,   1890;    Proctor   Acad.,    Provo, 
Utah,  1898-99;  asst.  prin.  h.  s.  dept,  same,  1899-1902;  supervisor  of  draw- 
ing, pub.  sch.,  Decatur,  1903-05 ;    matron,  Jason  Lee  Acad.,  Weiser,  Idaho, 
1905-06;    t.    drawing,    adv.   construction    work,    normal    art    methods,    ist 
terms,  1904-1905. 

10.  John   C.   Olsen,  prof,  of  analytical  chemistry,    Polytechnic  Inst., 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.    Knox  College,  A.B.,  1800;    A.M.,  1893;    Univ.  of  Chi- 
cago, summers,  1897-98;    Johns  Hopkins,  1894-95,  1898-1900;    fellow,  same, 
1899-1900;   Ph.D.,  same,  1900;  t.   science,  h.  s.,  Jerseyville,   1890-91;  prin. 
pub.  sch.,  Ipava,  1891-94;    chem.  and  physics,  Austin  h.  s.,  Chicago,  1895- 
98;    present  position,  1900 — ;    pub.  Quantitative  Chemical  Analysis;    edit. 
VanNostrand's  Chemical  Annual;    t.  chem.  and  adv.  physics,  I.S.N.U., 
ist  terms,  1904,  1905. 

n.  Hugh  Alvin  Bone,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  Sycamore.  St.  Univ.  of  111., 
1893-94;  Oberlin  College,  Oberlin,  O.,  1895-97;  prin.  h.  s.,  Sullivan,  1900- 
01 ;  supt.,  same,  1901-04;  supt.,  Sycamore,  1904 — ;  t.  U.  S.  hist,  and 
civics,  I. S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1904. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  NORMAL  UNIVERSITY.  3b9 

12.  Walter  Raymond  Hatfield,  prin.  Shields  Sch.,  6030  Monroe  Ave., 
Chicago.     St.  at  Univ.  of  Chicago;    supt,  Griggsville,  1887-94;    supt.  sch., 
Pike  Co.,  1894-97;    supt.  pub.  sch.,  Pittsfiekl,  1897-1902;    supt.,  St.  Charles, 
1903-05;     critic    tea.,    Chicago    Normal    Sch.,    1905-06;     present    position, 
1906 — ;  t.  U.  S.  hist,  and  pedagogy,  I.S.N.U.,  2nd  term,  1904. 

13.  Clarence  Elmer  DeButts,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  Pontiac.     Cornell  Coll, 
A.B.,  1885;  A.  M.,  1888;  prin.  h.  s.,   Pontiac,   1888-92;  prin.,  Odell,  1892- 
94;  asst.  prin.,  twp.  h.  s.,  Pontiac,  1894-97;  supt.  pub.  sch.,  Fairbury,  1897- 
1902 ;  prin.  twp.  h.  s.,  Pontiac,  1902-05 ;  same  and  supt.  pub.  sch.,  1905 — ; 
t.  physics,  I.S.N.U.,  2nd  terms,   1904,   1905,   1906;   ist  term,    1907. 

14  Benjamin  Clay  Moore,  supt.  sch.,  McLean  Co.,  Bloomington.  T. 
math.,  I.S.N.U.,  2nd  terms,  1903,  1905;  ist  and  2nd  terms,  1906.  (See 
No.  758.) 

15.  Virgina  Winchester  Freeman,   Eng.  dept.,   Chicago  Normal   Sch., 
6925  Yale  Ave.,  Chicago.     St.  Oxford  Univ.,  Eng.,  1902-03;    t.  Blackburn 
Univ.,  Carlinville,  1879-81 ;    lit.  and  reading,  Kirkland  Sch.  for  Girls,  Chi- 
cago, 1890-99;    reading  and  phonics,  I.S.N.U.,  2nd  term,   1904. 

16.  Rudolph  H.   H.  Blome,  psychology  and  pedagogy,  Normal  Sch., 
Tempe,  Arizona.     T.  general  method  and  philos.  of  educ.,  I.S.N.U.,  ist 
term,  1905.     (See  No.  616.) 

17.  Samuel  D.  Magers,  asst.  prof,  physiology  and  bacteriology,  State 
Normal   College,   Ypsilanti,   Mich.     T.  botany  and  zool.,   I.S.N.U.,  2nd 
term,  1905.     (See  No.  509.) 

18.  Caroline  Elizabeth  Eckers,  supervisor  of  drawing,  pub.  sch.,  Ot- 
tumwa,  Iowa.     Grad.  Normal  dept.,  Art  Inst.,  Chicago,  1905 ;    grade  tea., 
pub.  sch.,  Ottumwa,  la.,  1894-1903;   present  position,  1905 — ;    tea.  art  dept., 
and  elem.  handwork,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  terms,  1905,  1906,  1907. 

19.  Frank  Hamsher,  head  prep,  dept.,  Washington  Univ.,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.    Prin.  h.  s.,  D.ecatur;   prin.  prep,  dept.,  Univ  of  111.;   t.  hist.,  I.S.N.U., 
ist  terms,  1905,  1906. 

20.  Harry  G.  Paul,  asst.  prof.  Eng  lit.,  Univ.  of  111.    Univ.  of  Mich., 
A.B.,   1897;    Univ.   of  Chicago,  A.M.,    1900;    Columbia  Univ.,    1904-05; 
prin.  h.  s.,  Escanaba,  Mich.,  1897-1900;    reader  in  Univ.  of  Chicago  and  tea. 
S.   Side  Acad.,   1900-01;    Eng.,  Univ.  of  111.,   1901-04;    asst.   prof.,   same, 
1905 — ;  pub.   Questions  for  Study  of  Shakespere,   1904;  edit.  Coleridge's 
Ancient  Mariner  and  Lowell's  Vision  of  Sir  Launfal,  1906;    t.  lit.,  I.S. 
N.U.,  2nd  terms,  1905,  1906. 

21.  Margaret  Oliver,  asst.  prof.  Eng.  dept.,  State  Normal  Sch.,  Cedar 
Falls,   Iowa.     Monmouth   College,   A.B.,    1885;     A.M.,    1888;     Columbia 
College  of  Expression,  Chicago,   B.  O.,  1901 ;    asst.  prin.,  Toulon  Acad., 
!885-57 ;     prof.    math,    and    elocution,    Albert    Lea    College    for    Women, 
Minn.,   1887-90;   prof,  elocution  and  phys.  culture,   Blairsville   College  for 
Women,    Pa.,    1897-1900;    present    position,    1901 — ;    t.    reading,    I.S.N.U., 
2nd  term,  1905. 

22.  Mary  Lentz,  math,  and  German,  h.  s.,  Kewaunee,  Wis.     T.  Ger- 
man, I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1905.     (See  No.  910.) 

23.  H.  Heath  Bawden,  head  dept.  philosophy,  Vassar  College,  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.    Denison  Univ.,  Granville,  O.    A.  B.,  1890-93 ;   A.  M.,  1894 ; 
grad.   Rochester  Theol.   Se.m.,   N.  Y.,   1808 ;    Fellow  in   Philos.,   Univ.  of 
Chicago,  1898-1900;    Ph.D.,  Univ.  of  Chicago,   1900;    t.  biology,  Denison 
Univ.,  1896-97;  philos.,  Univ.  of  Iowa,  1900-01;  present  position,  1901 — ; 
assoc.  editor,  Psychological  Review;    pub.  Syllabus  of  Psychology,  1902 ; 
t.  philos.  of  educ.  and  general  method,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1906. 

24.  Herbert   Eugene  Griffith,   prof,   chemistry,  Knox   College,  Gales- 
burg.     Northwestern  Univ.,  B.S.,  1892;    Johns  Hopkins,  1896-97;    t.  phys- 
ics and  chem.,  h.  s.,  Moline,  1892-94;.  same,  Oak  Park,  1894-96;    present 
position,  1897 — ;   phys.  and  chem.,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1906. 


360  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  HISTORY 

25.  William  Edward  Andrews,  prin.  twp.  h.  s.,  Taylorville.     Black- 
burn Univ.,  B.S.,  1884;    A.B.,  1887;   A.M.,  1888;    111.  Wesleyan,  Ph.D., 
1899;    Harvard,  1891-92;    prof,  biology,  Blackburn  Univ.,  1887-94;    present 
position,  1894 — ;    t.  botany  zool.,  I.S.N.U.,  2nd  term,  1906. 

26.  William  James  Sutherland,  dept.  geography,  W.I.S.N.S.,  Ma- 
comb.     T.  pliys.  and  gen.   geography,    I.S.N.U.,    ist  term,    1906.      (See 
No.  696.) 

27.  Ira  Azel  Wetzel,  tea.  science,  h.  s.,  Sycamore.  T.  geog.,  I.S.N.U., 
2nd  term,  1906.     (See  No.  1412.) 

28.  George  D.  Wham,  instructor,  S.I.S.N.U.,   Carbondale.     Grad. 
S.I.S.N.U.  ;    supt,  pub.  sch.,  Olney;    present  position,  1906 — ;    t.  hist., 
I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1906. 

29.  Arthur  Clinton  Boggess,  prof.  hist,  and  polit.  sci.,  Pacific  Univ., 
Forest  Grove,  Oregon.     T.  Eng.  hist,  and  adv.  U.    S.   hist.,   I.S.N.U., 
ist  term,  1906.    (See  No.  1072.) 

30.  Eunice  Sarah  Bannister,  supervisor  art  educ.,  pub.  sch.,  312  N. 
Elizabeth  St.,   Peoria.     St.  Mass.  Normal  Art.  Sch.,  Mass.     Inst.  Tech., 
and  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston,  1893-94  J   t.  pub.  sch.,  Peoria,  1888-93 ; 
present   position,    1895 — ;     t.    freehand    perspective,    color,    constr.    work, 
I.S.N.U.,  2nd  term,  1906. 

31.  Jessie  D.  Spencer,  at  home,  Decatur.    Grad.  Pratt  Inst.,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. ;    t.  art  dept.,   Normal  sch.,   Mankato,  Minn.,  8  yrs. ;    t.   drawing, 
I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1906. 

32.  Stella    Rennie    Eldred,   hist.,    h.    s.,    Bloomington.      St.    Univ.    of 
Chicago,  1894-95;    Smith  College,  B.  L.,   1897-1900;    t.  elem.  sch.,  Joliet, 
1896;  Thorton  twp.   h.   s.,   Harvey,   1900-02;  present  position,    1902 — ;   t. 
gram,  and  anc.  hist.,  I.S.N.U.,  2nd  term,  1906. 

33.  Margaret  King  Moore,  German  and  Eng.  lit.,  Westminister  Col- 
lege, 151  S.  2nd  St.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.    Smith  College,  B.L.,  1897-1901 ; 
t.  German  and  French,  Blackburn  Univ.,  Carlinville,  1902-05 ;    present  po- 
sition, 1905 — ;   t.  Eng.  gram.,  rhet.,  Latin,  I.S.N.U.,  2nd  term,  1906. 

34.  Roy  F.  Webster,  physics  and  math.,  h.  s.,  391  DuPage  St.,  Elgin. 
T.  physics,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1906.     (See  No  1311.) 

35.  Charles   Herbert   Elliott,  prin.  twp.  h.   s.,  Centralia.     T.  physics 
and  chem.,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1907.     (See  No.  1005.) 

36.  William  Vernon  Skiles,  tea.  Georgia  Inst.  of  Tech.,  Atlanta.     T. 
math.,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1907.     (See  No.  1158.) 

37.  Fred  Uriah  White,  supt.  pub.  sch.,  Galva.     St.  Univ.  of  111.,  1878- 
79;   Sauveur  Sch.  of  Languages,  Burlington,  Vt.,  1887;   t.  ungraded  sch.,  6 
yrs.;    elem.  sch.,  Galva,  2  yrs.;    prin.  h.  s.,  Galva,  3  yrs.;    supt.  pub  sch., 
Cambridge,  2  yrs.;   same,  Galva,  19  yrs.;  t.  hist.,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1907. 

38.  C.  Henry  Smith,  fellow  in  hist.,  Univ.  of  Chicago.    St.  I.S.N.U., 
1896-98;    Univ.  of  Mich.,  1899;    Univ.  of  111.,  A.B.,  1902;    Univ.  of  Chi- 
cago, A.M.,  1903;    fellow  in  hist.,  same,  1905-07;    t.  pub.  sch.,  Woodford 
Co.,  1893-96;    Elkhart  Inst,  Ind.,  1898;    prin.  same,  summer,  1900;    prof, 
hist,  Goshen  College,  Ind.,  1903-05;    t.  hist,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1907. 

39.  George  Alexander  Barker,  physiography,  twp.  h.  s.,  Joliet.     Univ. 
of  Chicago,  B.S.,  1903,  M.S.,  1905 ;  t.  zool.  and  botany,  h.  s.,  Greencastle, 
Ind.,  1905;  present  position,  Jan.  1906 — ;  t.  geog.  and  physiog.,  I.S.N.U., 
ist  and  2nd  terms,  1907. 

40.  Mary  Camp  Scovel,  pottery  and  design,  Normal  Dept.,  Art.  Inst, 
883  Winthrop  Ave.,  Chicago.    Diploma  Cook  Co.,  Normal  Sch.,  1890;    Art 
Inst,  Chicago,  1895-98;    Pratt  Inst,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1898-1900;    t.  elem. 
sch.,  Chicago,  1892-95 ;    supervisor  of  drawing,  pub.  sch.,  Oak  Park,  1900- 
06;   present  position,  1900 — ;   t.  art  dept.,  I.S.N.U.,  ist  term,  1907. 

41.  Arthur   Orville   Rape,   prin.    Edmund   Burke    Sch.,  6541    Normal 
Ave.,  Chicago.    T.  math.,  2nd  term,  1907.     (See  No.  1157.) 


INDEX  TO  ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


Abbott,    Maude   1 1888 

Ackert,    Earl   W 1899 

Adams,  James  W 1880 

Adams,   M.   Joice    1885 

Adams,    Sue    P 1885 

(Adee)    Eckholm,  Mary   Leota    1899 

Alcorn,    Archibald    J 1893 

Alden,    Emily  A 1874 

Alden,    Lizzie    1869 

Aldrich,    Blanche    1899 

Aldrich,    Edward    1884 

Aldrich,    William    1889 

Allen,   Charles  Henry    1899 

Allen,    Georgia    1903 

Allen,    Grace    Matilda    1901 

Allen,   Lou   M 1883 

(Allen)    Gregory,    Louisa    C 1870 

Allen,    Mary   Elizabeth    1903 

Allen,    Ruby    1907 

Allensworth,    Ben    C 1869 

Altevogt,    Anna    L 1905 

Ament,    James    E 1892 

Ament,    Wilbur    Frank    1900 

(Ammerman)    Snyder,    Trophic   J....  1891 

Anderson,    Andrew    L 1880 

Anderson,   Mrs.    Ella   G 1906 

Anderson,    Harrison    M 1907 

Anderson,   Isabella    1894 

Anderson,    Ida    May    1905 

Anderson,     Lillian      1906 

Anderson,  Mary  A 1877 

Anderson,    Sarah   A 1881 

Andrew,   Ella  M 1892 

Angle,    Myrtle     1907 

(Arbogast)    Cass,    Anna   Belle    1896 

(Arbogast)    Lawrence,   Sadie   Emma..  1896 

Armstrong,    Charles    A 1891 

(Armstrong)    Manning,    Jennie 1887 

Armstrong,   Josephine    Rae    1904 

Arnett,    James    H 1900 

Ashworth,    Arthur    Elmer    1899 

(Athens)    Atherton,    Sadie   Chenoweth  1899 

Atkinson,   Carrie   K 1905 

Ayres,    David     1875 

Babbs,    Mary   Irene    1900 

(Babcock)    Arenschield,   Louise   L....  1888 

Backer,    Edward    C 1893 

Backer,  Herman  T 1893 

Bacon,    Edwin    Faxon 1872 

Bailey,   Jennie   M 1893 


Bainum,    Osci    J 1878 

(Baird)    Percy,    Clementina    Maude.  .  1899 

(Baird)    Burger,    Mary    M 1878 

Baker,    Ben    W 1870 

Baker,     Clarence     1905 

Baker,   Cora  Ethel   1897 

(Baker)    McCormick,   Estelle  K 1897 

Baker,    George    Lee    1901 

Baker,    Septina    1886 

(Ball)    Thomas,   Agnes   E 1877 

(Bailer)    Griggs,   Fannie    1895 

(Bailer)    Mueller,    Ruth    C 1892 

Baltz,    Gustave    Fred 1900 

Barber,    Carrie    Louise    1903 

Barber,  Frederick  Delos   1894 

Barber,   Onias    1867 

Barger,    Thomas    Morse    1902 

(Barker)    Hargrove,    Ruth    E 1868 

(Barney)    Bellows,   Cora   Belle    1894 

Barr,    Oren   A 1907 

(Barrett)    Grange,    Mabel    W 1895 

Barrie,   M.    Sophie    1888 

Barton,   Fred    1888 

Barton,    Olive    Lillian     1899 

Barton,    Robert    L 1875 

Barton,    Roy    F 1906 

Bassett,   Herbert    1894 

(Bass)   Wallace,  Mary  L 1876 

Bassler,   Herman   John    1902 

Baumgardner,   Elizabeth    1880 

Baumgarner,    Joseph    1898 

(Baxter)    Brakefield,    Helen    M 1880 

Beach,   Charles  L 1899 

Beadles,    Sada    1905 

(Bean)   Garwood,  Mattie  V 1882 

Bean,    William    H 1881 

Beattie,    Annie    Jeannette    1899 

Beatty,  George  H 1876 

Beckhart,   Albert  D 1875 

Bechstein,    Mamie    Louise    1903 

Beedle,  Gertrude  C 1905 

Beeler,    Bernice    Gertrude    1902 

Beers,    Sarah    E 1862 

Beggs,    Dorothea    Katherine 1898 

Beggs,    Robert    H 1872 

Bennett,   Florence   M 1906 

Benson,   Leroy  J 1903 

Bentley,    Daisy    1907 

(Benton)   Overman,    Melissa    1869 

Berkstresser,    Levi    D 1877 


362  INDEX   TO   ALUMNI  REGISTER. 

Berkstresser,   W.   Irving   1877  Erode,   Howard   S 1888 

(Berry)   Cromwell,  Willis  Elma 1902  Brooks,    Samuel    1901 

Betzer,    Isaac    L 1881  Brown,   Benjamin    Fletcher    1899 

Bevan,  Richard  G 1877  Brown,    Elmer    E 1881 

Biggs,   M.   Emma    1884  Brown,   I.   Eddy    1874 

(Bigham)   Brode,  M.  Kate 1889  Brown,  Joseph  Grant  1894 

Billen,    Adolph    P 1900  Brown,   Leila   May    1907 

Birney,   Thomas   M 1899  (Brown)    McMurry,    Lida  A 1874 

Bishop,    Clara    B 1891  Brown,    Nina    L I9°7 

Black,  Jesse  Jr 1896  (Brown)   Fairchild,  Lillian  M 1880 

Black,   Raymond   E 1906  (Brown)    Aldrich,    Maggie   H 1889 

Blair,    Frank   G 1892  Broun,  William  N 1888 

Blake,  Anna  T 1907  Bryan,     Lewis    0 1875 

(Blake)     Myers,    Charlotte    C 1871  Buellesfield,     Henry     1903 

Blake,  Walter   T 1883  Bullock,    A.    Eliza    1868 

(Blanchard)   Snedaker,  Eva  M 1885  Bullock,   Agnes    1 1906 

Bland,     Harriet     1897  Bullock,   Jessie   Jane    1896 

Bland,   Rose   1896  (Bullock)    Elliott,    Lura   M 1873 

Blome,    Nora   E 1905  Burdick,  Ruby  C 1907 

Blome,   Rudolph   H.    H 1890  Burger,    Oliver    P 1878 

Blount,    George    1872  Burgess,    Gilbert   A 1878 

Bogardus,    Frank    Smith    1896  Burgess,   Harry    1904 

Bogardus,    Stephen     1868  Burner,    Ethel    L 1907 

Bogges,    Arthur    C 1900  Burke,    Daisy    Margaret    1903 

Boling,    Mary    C 1907  Burlingame,   Ida    1902 

Bond,   Florence   1 1905  Burnham,    John   H 1861 

Bond,   Ida   Wendover    1902  (Burns)    Shry,    Margaret    1889 

Bonnell,   Clarence  M 1899  Burr,    Frank    1883 

Bookwalter,    Grace   M 1907  Burr,    Mrs.    Lincoln    I.    D 1883 

Borgelt,     Clara     1907  Burrill,    Thomas    J 1865 

Boslough,    Clarence    Roy    1904  Burroughs,    Jennie     1907 

(Bosworth)    Stearns,    Lucy   Adelia    . .  1903  Burson,  Jemima   S 1868 

Boulter,    Mary    Bertha    1895  Burson,    Lydia    A 1868 

Bovee,    Lorenzo   D 1862  Burt,    Clarence   E 1901 

Bowen,   Anna   G 1872  Burtis,  Altha 1905 

Bowen,    Margaret    Lee    1903  Burtis,    Clyde    L 1899 

Bowles,  John  T 1878  Burtis,    Guy  Seaman    1900 

Bowman,    S.    Annette    1879  (Bush)    Saltonstall,   Lutie   A 1886 

Boyd,   Clara    1906  Butler,   A.    C 1878 

(Boyer)    Hatch,  Alma    1892  (Butler)    Francis,   Willie   Belle    1894 

Boyer,  Edwin  L 1892  Buterbaugh,   Daniel   S 1876 

Boyer,    E.    R l&79  Butterfield,   Caroline  M 1892 

(Boyce)    McDuffee,   Eva   Belle    1897  Butterfield,    R.    Olin    1892 

Brand,    Sarah    Hazel     1906  Butzow,    Bertha    1907 

Breining,    Minnie    1902  Calder,  Mary  Etta   1901 

Bremer,  Anna  M 1907  Camenisch,    Sophia   Catherine    1901 

Brewer,    Etta     1892  Camery,     Nellie     1907 

Briggle,   Bessie  Sarah    1902  Camp,    Druzilla     1906 

Briggs,  Ella  K 1869  (Campbell)    Peters,    Flora    Evangeline  1896 

(Briggs)    McKnight,  Josephine   A....  1902  Campbell,    Zella     1884 

Brigham,     Putnam     L 1873  Cardiff,   Ida  May    1903 

Bright,   Bernice  A 1900  Carlson,    Anna   Wilhelmina    1900 

Bright,     Bruce     1898.  Carleton,    Elizabeth    1862 

Bright,     Fannie     1904  Carpenter,  Mrs.  Carrie  Maria 1896 

Brisbane,    Annie     M 1889  Carpenter,    Kate   Edna    1899 

Brittin,    Charles   H 1907  Carpenter,   Lewis  M 1905 

Broadhead,     Annie     Maple 1900,  1901  Carroll,   Edna  M 1907 

Broadhead,   Lemma   C 1905  Carson,    Franklin    Benjamin    1897 

Brock,   Adelia  M 1905  Carter,    Joseph    1870 


INDEX  TO  ALUMNI  REGISTER.  363 

(Case)    Morrow,  Harriet  M 1866  Colvin,   Maude  Evangeline    1904 

(Case)    Earth,   Julia  M 1890  Colwell,    Lewis   W 1892 

Case,   Nelson    1866  Coombs,   Edwin   S 1887 

Cass,    Sherman    1889  Condon,  Osmond  J 1907 

Cation,    Alexander    1885  Condren,  Ida  Helen 1900 

(Caudy)    Mitchell,    P.    Evangeline....  1878  Connaghan,     Jeannette     H 1905 

Caughey,   Ella  J 1884  (Connett)    Detweiler,   Ellen   R 1892 

Caughey,   Florence   Gertrude    I9°4  (Conover)    Heidel,   Kate  E 1891 

Cavins,    Elmer    W 1892  Conrad,  Francis  \V 1874 

Gavins,    Elzy    Cartwright    1896  Conyers,    Chester  A 1903 

Cavins,  Lorimer  Victor   1903  (Cook)   Ambrose,  Bella   L 1892 

Cavins,   William   Ferguson    1900  Cook,   Mrs.   Dora  Edna   Watson 1906 

Chamberlain,    Marjorie    1906  Cook,  John   \V 1865 

Chamberlin,   William  H 1876  Cook,     Mae     1893 

(Champion)    Bowles,    Myrtle   Marie...  1902  Cook,    Stella    M 1900 

(Chandler)  Hodgin,  Emily   1867  Coons,    George    Herbert 1905 

Chaplin,    David    H 1884  Cooper,    Annetta   Belle    1898 

Chenoweth,     Lillian     1896  (Cooper)   Mitchell,  Mabel  A 1897 

Cherry,   Mrs.   Mary  B 1906  (Corbett)    Parmele,    Emma   E 1877 

(Chicken)    Wrillett,    Sada   R 1898  Corbin,   Augusta  E 1894 

Childs,  Lyman  \V 1890  Gorman,  Florence   May    1900 

Childs,    Robert   A 1870  (Gorson)   Burroughs,  Mabel  M 1898 

(Chisholm)    Carr,  Eva  May    1896  (Corson)     Brown,    Mary    E 1888 

(Christ)    Gill,    Sophie    1861  (Corson)    Laird,    Sarah    G 1888 

Christy,    Jessie     1905  Corson,    Stella    P 1902 

Christy,   Mary   E I9°S  Corwine,     Eunice     1874 

Church,   Ida  E 1905  Cothern,   William   Ross    1895 

Churchill,     Nell     1907  Cotton,    Alfred    C 1869 

(Clanahan)    Smith,    Lucy    M 1896  (Cotton)    Collins,   Emily  H 1867 

Clanahan,     Myrtle     1896  Couch,    Edward    B 1907 

Clancy,    Nellie   Gertrude    1901  Covey,    Hyatt    Elmer    1898 

Clark,   Ada    Bell    1902  Cowan,    Alan    Dewain    1896 

Clark,    Caroline   Irving    1900  (Cowles)    Heaton,   Bessie  Abiah    1898 

Clark,   Elsie   May    1907  Cowles,  Catherine  L 1899 

Clark,    Florence  J 1892  Cowles,  Robert  Andrew 1898 

Clark,    Philo   A 1866  Cox,   John    H 1891 

(Clarke)   Dakin,  Genevieve  L 1900  Cox,    Mary    M 1873 

Cleveland,    Elizabeth   Taylor    1898  Cox,    Merton   Dart    1900 

Cleveland,    Mary    R 1890  (Cox)     Smith,    Nettie    V 1877 

Cline,  Jacob  S 1887  Crandall,    Charles   H 1869 

Cline,    Jessie    M 1906  Crawford,    Asbury    M 1876 

Coburn,    Mildred    L 1907  Crawford,   Amanda   M 1879 

Coen,     Eleanor     1907  (Crawson)    Spear,   Edna  Leona 1901 

Coen,    Ruah    1896  Creekmur,  David  W 1886 

(Coffey)    Doren,    Mary   E 1887  Creekmur,  John  W 1887 

Coffman,    Julia     1901  Criss,     Edward     1904 

Cohagan,   Albert   C 1896  Crissey,    Helen    A 1904 

Coith,    Clara    L 1906  (Crist)    Kasbeer,    Martha    1887 

Coith,   Edna  F 1906  Crocker,    William    1898 

Colburn,  Gary  R 1892  Cross,    Charles    R 1879 

(Colburn)    Melton,    Rosalia    1887  (Crouch)    Hazlett,   Ida  E 1888 

Colby,     Lydia     1899  Crouch,    Rachel   Pierson    1899 

Cole,   Alice    Maude    1903  Crouch,   Virginia   Frances    1902 

Coleman,   Lyman   H 1898  Crow,  William  T 1875 

Coley,    Charles    D 1894  (Crum)    Russell,    Carrie    1887 

Colson,   Anna   L 1887  Gulp,    Loren    0 1905 

Colvin,   Albert    1907  (Cummings)    Kirk,    Mary    S 1879 

Colvin,    George    W 1864  (Cunningham)    Whitten,    Jessie    H...  1893 

Colvin,   Grace    Stella    1903  (Curtis)    Young,    Bessie    1891 


364 


INDEX   TO  ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


Curtis,    Frederick    George    1895 

(Curtis)    Wheeler,    S.    Macy    1898 

Cusick,   J.   Fay    1900 

Dace,   Frances   Louella    ' 1903 

(Dahl)  Conklin,  Nettie  T 1893 

Damman,    Edwin    1902 

Damman,    Mary   A 1906 

Damon,  Jessie   Alice    1904 

Daniels,    Maude    May 1904 

Darby,    Gertrude     1897 

Davenport,    Bertha    Lea    1899 

Davenport,   Lulu   Lea    1899 

David,   Ruth  Anna   1902 

Davies,    Viola    1906 

Davis,    Jude    E 1893 

(Davis)    Ramsey,   Lucretia  1869 

Davis,    Mary    Priscilla    1903 

Davis,    Roscoe   Edwin    1900 

Dawson,  Dula  Mae    1903 

Dawson,    Russell     1902 

Deane,    Georgia  Viola    1906 

DeGarmo,     Charles     1873 

Delaney,  Helen  Veronica   1904 

(Denman)    Hanna,    Luella  M 1889 

Denning,    Barbara    1870 

Denning,  Bertha  Elizabeth  1903 

De  Van,  Worthy  Jean    1902 

Dewell,  James  W 1870 

Dewell,   John    N 1874 

Dewey,  Helen  A 1885 

Dewhirst,   John  M 1899 

Dewhirst,   William   S 1899 

Dexheimer,    Lora    M 1901 

(Dexter)  Wilder,  Jessie  A 1878 

Dickerson,  Oliver  M 1899 

Dickey,    Daisy   Delle    1896 

Dietz,    Clara    1899 

(Dilley)    Evelsizer,   Luella   M 1901 

Dillon,   Alpheus   A 1880 

(Dillon)    Milliken,    Carrie    1884 

Dillon,  Jessie   M 1898 

Dillon,   Mertie  May   1901 

Dimmitt,    Lena    Otelia    1904 

Dinsmore,    George   W 1876 

(Disbrow)    Roney,   Myrtle    1904 

Dixon,   Florence  Dorothea   1902 

Dixon,    Herbert     1905 

Dixon,    Joseph    A 1893 

Dobson,    Pearl    E 1905 

Dole,    Ethel   Mary    1904 

Dole,  Lillian  Dora    1905 

(Donohue)  Henaughan,  Anastacia   ...  1899 

Doud,   Herman   T 1898 

Dougherty,    Lewis   C 1876 

Downey,    Elzy    Franklin     1902 

(Downey)   Cox,  Mae  F 1883 

Draper,   Anna    1907 

Drobisch,  Anna  W 1899 

Dudley,    Gerry   B 1899 


Duerkop,    Bertha    Katherine    1904 

(Dunbar)   Kelso,  Etta   1868 

Duncan,    Dora   Susanna    1903 

Dunn,   Harriet    E 1864 

(Dunn)   Mrickler,  Sarah  M 1860 

Dutton,  Harvey  J 1861 

Dwire,   Francis   B 1899 

Easton,    Louis  B 1890 

Eastwood,    Byron    E 1898 

Eaton,    Delia    M 1902 

Eaton,  Hattie  May 1902 

Edmunds,   Ernest   Edwin    1904 

Edmunds,   Harold  James    1900 

Edmunds,  Henry  Hugh    1895 

Edmunds,   Lucy  Elizabeth    1902 

Edmunds,   William    D 1884 

Edwards,   Carlie   Ann    1899 

Edwards,   Edith  Belle    1903 

Edwards,  Ellen  S 1873 

Edwards,   Hugh    R 1869 

Edwards,  John   R 1867 

Edwards,  R.  Arthur 1870 

Edwards,   William    R 1869 

Eldridge,    Florence    Frances    1901 

Ela,    Clarissa    E 1884 

Elder,   Andrew   W 1878 

(Eldred)  Moore,  Alice  1 1896 

(Elkins)    Stillwell,  Ida  L 1888 

Elliff,    Stella  A 1907 

(Elliott)  Johnson,  Agnes   1885 

Elliott,   Charles  Herbert    1899 

Elliott,    David   S 1874 

(Elliott)    Robinson,   Georgia    1898 

Elliott,  William   B 1893 

(Elliott)    Drennan,   Winnifred   G.    ...  1899 

Ellis,  James   1875 

Ellis,  John    1866 

Emmons,   Alice    1870 

Engel,    Andrew     1883 

(Entler)   Tullis,   Tillie  M 1899 

Erbes,  Clara  1 902 

Erbes,   Phillip  H 1891 

Espy,  Frank  S 1907 

Estee,  James  B 1881 

Estee,  Lulu   May    1902 

Evans,    Ruth    1906 

Evans,  William  A 1874 

Ewen,  Ada  E 1899 

Fairchild,    James    Albert    Leroy 1900 

Fairfield,    Belle    1903 

Fairfield,    Etta   M 1897 

Fairfield,    Grace    1899 

Fairfield,    Maude    1903 

Paris,    S.   A.    D 1892 

Faulkner,    Edwin    R 1877 

(Faulkner)    Williams,    Eugenia    1878 

Felmley,    Ruth     1907 

(Felton)    Brittin,  Jessie    1897 

Fenton,   Grace    1897 


INDEX  TO  ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


365 


Ferguson,  James  J   1891 

Ferreira,   Mary    1906 

(Ferris)   Kitfield,   Ella  M 1888 

Fesler,    Charles   Jerome    1900 

(Fincham)    Reedy,  Nellie   1898 

Fisher,    Alfaretta    1890 

Fisher,   John   W 1895 

Fisk,  Judd  M 1875 

Fitzer,   Levi  R 1886 

(Fleischer)    Egley,   Ida  Lena 1901 

Fleming,    Charles   M 1889 

Fleming,  John  H 1886 

Fleming,   Martha   A 1872 

Fletcher,   Frances   Roxana    1902 

Fletcher,    Mary    1897 

(Flinn)   Moreland,  Mrs.  Carrie  E 1891 

(Flinn)  Webster,  Sarah  L 1899 

Florin,    William    1865 

(Foley)    Luce,    N.    Lee 1890 

(Foley)    Keith,    Rebecca   A 1891 

Fontaine,   Rosilda  Josephine    1902 

Ford,   Jennie    1901 

Forden,    James    Russell    1901 

Fordyce,    Charles    1882 

(Fordyce)    Brent,   Etta    1892 

Foreman,    Anna    1902 

Forman,    Nellie    1867 

Foss,  Ida  L 1873 

Foster,   Esther  Browning   1904 

Foster,    Kathryn    Lorena    1903 

(Foster)    Rathbun,   Laura  Caroline   ..  1901 

Foster,    Martha    1866 

Fowler,   Hiram   R 1877 

Fox,   Harry  Bert    1896 

Francis,   Charles   Henry    1903 

(Frank)    Irvine,  Lulu   Pearl    1900 

Frank,   Margaret  J 1898 

Franklin,     Lenore     1872 

Franklin,  Lois  Gertrude   1900 

Frazer,  Thornton  R 1885 

French,     Mary     1867 

Fritter,    Clara   Theresa    1901 

(Fritter)  Bates,  Edna  E 1901 

Fritter,  Enoch  A 1889 

Fry,  Nellie  B 1906 

(Fuller)  Judd,  Carrie  M 1884 

(Fuller)    Boyd,   Flora   M 1878 

Fuller,  Mary  A 1863 

Fulton,   William   C 1892 

Fulwiler,  David  M 1865 

Furman,  Laura  L 1887 

(Furry)   Talbott,  Mary  C 1872 

Fyffe,   Harriet    1866 

Galbraith,    William   J 1889 

Galbreath,   Louis  H 1885 

Gallaher,  Louis  T 1896 

Garman,   Samuel  W 1870 

(Garrison)    Miller,   Belinda  E 1892 

Garwood,  Anna  Sabina    1900 


Gash,    Charles    M 1906 

Gastman,  Enoch  A 1860 

(Gaston)    Forbes,   Clara   S 1872 

(Gaston)    Smith,   Florence   M 1888 

Gaston,   George    H 1893 

Gaston,    Hattie   J 1892 

(Gaston)   Tear,  Mary  Ross    1881 

Gates,   Anna   C :868 

Gaulden,  Amelia    1900 

Gay,   Mary  L 1902 

(Gay)    Osborne,    Minnie   L 1890 

Gaylord,  Annie  E 1894 

Gentle,   Thomas  H 1894 

(George)    Delano,    Gertrude    1900 

George,   Frank  J 1901 

Gibson,    John    \V 1870 

(Gifford)   Harvey,  Carrie  A 1884 

Gifford,    May     1903 

Gildemaster,    Theodora    1886 

Gillan,   Anna    Marion    1903 

(Gillan)    Estee,    Addie    1881 

(Gillan)   Eastman,  Mary  J 1881 

Gillan,    Silas   Y 1879 

Gilmer,    Lucy   Walker    1903 

Gingerich,    Elmer    G 1907 

Gingerich,    Katherine   E 1906 

Gladding,    Anna    M 1872 

(Glanville)    Houston,   Sarah   Elizabeth  1883 

Glanville,     Matilda     1882 

Glessing,  Barbara  F 1907 

Glessing,    Dorothea    M 1907 

(Glidden)    Switzer,    Cora    1886 

Glidden,    Willis    C 1878 

Glotfelter,  John   H 1885 

(Gmehlin)    Hall,  Amelia  Helen    1901 

Goble,  William  L 1893 

Goddard,   Asa  P 1907 

Gogin,  Lulu    1905 

(Goode)    Adams,    Carrie   B 1887 

Goode,  Walter  S 1893 

(Goodrich)    Soule,  M.  Adeline   1877 

(Gorton)    Hanna,    Eurenia   G 1867 

Gorton,   Mary  G 1867 

Gossman,    Minnie    Margaret    1900 

Gott,    Charles    1899 

Gove,   Aaron    1861 

(Gove)   Baldwin,   Sarah   F 1863 

Grabow,    Paul   E 1893 

Grafton,  Clara  L 1907 

Grainey,   Jessie    A 1896 

(Grand)    Montgomery,    Maggie   J....    1885 

Grassman,    Adelaide    1898 

Graftan,  Martha  A 1895 

Gray,   Edna  B 1907 

Gray,   Francis   S 1907 

Gray,    John    H.    , 1887 

Gray,   Lillian    1901 

Gray,  Nannie  R 1883 

(Gray)   Gridley,  Lucy  D 1886 


INDEX   TO   ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


(Gray)    Jordan,    Ruby    C 1885 

(Gray)   Farrin,   Saidee  J 1886 

Graybill,    Edward    C 1894 

Greabeiel,    Emil    R 1890 

Greaves,  Thomas  H 1896 

Greeley,   James    M 1872 

Green,    Birdie   Wilmah    1901 

Green,   Ethel  Magnolia    1902 

Green,  Joseph  W 1899 

Greenough,    Charles    Weston     1900 

Gregory,  Margaret  E I9°6 

(Grennell)   Hatfield,  Anna   1864 

(Grennell)    Guild,   Helen  F 1862 

Griffith,  William   C 1871 

Griffiths,    G.    Charles    1892 

Griggs,    Eleanor   H 1906 

Griggs,    Gresham    I9°7 

Gross,    Charles    Ellsworth    1900 

Gunnell,    Orville   James    1901 

(Guthrie)    Hutchings,    Florence    1889 

(Gvillo)    Lebegue,    May    1902 

Hahn,   Laura  E 1899 

Haines,    Mamie    1901 

Hall,   Elizabeth  T 1897 

Hall,  John   C 1897 

Hall,  John   L 1883 

Hall,  John   W 1890 

(Hall)    Husted,   Mary   M 1884 

Hall,    W.    Dennis    1863 

Hallock,   Minnie  Julina 1902 

Hamblin,    Mrs.   Ellen   T 1898 

Hamilton,    Ethel    Rowena    1902 

Hamilton,    Ina    Estelle    1900 

(Hammond)  Hubbard,  Phebe 1895 

Hampton,    Eleanor    1894 

Hanawalt,    Casper    G 1891 

Haney,    Ruth    M 1906 

Hanna,  Albert  S 1894 

Hanna,  J.   Calvin    1876 

(Hanna)    Haney,    Margaret    1895 

Hannah,   Jesse    F 1882 

Harcourt,    Frank    B 1877 

Harley,   Joel   Alva    1897 

Harned,    Cora    M 1907 

Harper,  James  M 1880 

Harper,    Peter    1860 

Harpstrite,    Emma   F 1896 

Harrington,   Bessie  W 1901 

(Harris)   Edwards,  Ella  Mabel    1896 

Harris,   Ebenezer   D 1863 

Harris,     Emma     1907 

Harriss,    Lincoln    E 1890 

Hart,    Charles    W 1886 

Hart,     Margaretta     1893 

Hartwell,  Justin   L 1875 

Harvey,  Nathan  A 1884 

Hatch,  Luther  A 1892 

Hatcher,  Ida   Matilda    1906 

Hawk,    William    D 1891 


Hawkes,    William    1901 

(Hawley)   Richardson,  Mary  A 1873 

Hayes,   Florence  M 1905 

Hayes,    Silas    1860 

Haynes,    Elizabeth    C 1899 

Hays,    James   W 1869 

Hays,   Dudley  G 1890 

hays,   Jasper   F 1873 

Heath,    William    R 1884 

Hedges,   Benjamin    S 1876 

(Hedges)    Patton,    Hattie    M 1888 

Hedges,   William    E 1895 

Heer,    Henry    1900 

Heinzleman,   Jacob   Harold    1901 

Heller,   Gertrude  Viola    1901 

Hellyer,     Perry    H 1907 

Hendricks,    Edward    R 1895 

Hendrickson,     Mina     G 1906 

(Hendron)    Smith,    Annie    1884 

Heritage,  Christena  Ramsey 1903 

Herndon,    Mrs.    Carrie    P 1893 

Herren,  Charles  C 1892 

Hess,  Ardie   D 1899 

Hetfield,     Harriet     1903 

(Hewett)   Reeder,  May 1880 

Heyward,   Aaron    1901 

Heyward,    Richard    1889 

(Hickey)    Carr,   Rachel   M 1872 

Hickey,     Esther     1907 

(.Higgins)    Bray,   Edith    Marian    1901 

Hieronymus,    Rooert   E 1886 

Higby,  Clara  E 1870 

Hildreth,    Ruby    1907 

Hileman,    Eva  J 1907 

Hiles,    Perry    Huston    1904 

Hill,    Emma    1891 

Hillyer,    Thomas    A 1895 

Hilton,   Lizzie  1 1893 

Himes,  Jessie   M 1896 

Himes,   Mary  Louise    I9°3 

Hinman,  George  S 1867 

(Kite)    Wallis,    Grace    1891 

Hitchcock,   Elizabeth    1902 

(Hobart)    Tracey,   Mary   Florence    . . .  1896 

(Hobbs)    Gastman,    Belle    1881 

Hodge,    James    A 1893 

Hodge,  Josiah   P 1875 

Hodgin,  Cyrus  W 1867 

Hoff,    George    Stephen    1897 

Hoffman,    George    L 1877 

Hoierman,   Eleanor   1907 

Hoit,    Edith   Maude    1901 

Hoke,   Josiah  Campbell    1901 

Holcomb,   Henry  F 1871 

Holder,   Julia    Montrose    1903 

Holferty,    George    M 1887 

Hollis,    David   P 1899 

(Holly)    Hanft,   Laura  Helen 1896 

Hollstein,    Hulda    1902 


INDEX  TO  ALUMNI  REGISTER.  367 

Holzgrafe,    Bertha   J 1907  (Johnston)    Posey,   Gertrude   M 1902 

Houser,   Eva  Belle    1894  Johnston,    Jennie    1907 

(Houston)   Tabor,    Isabella   S 1871  Johnston,    John    T 1876 

Howard,    Charles    1869  Johnston,    Milford   L 1899 

Howard,    Charles  L 1876  Johnston,    Paul    E 1906 

Howard,    Charles    L 1885  Jones,    Albert    E 1889 

(Howard)   Gardner,  Emma  A 1870  Jones,   Ahnena   C 1865 

Howell,    George     1883  Jones,    Mrs.    Latona    May    1904 

Howell,  Joseph   G 1860  Jones,    Ruby     1906 

(Hubbard)    Pollitt,    Daisy    1879  Jones,   Thomas   E 1874 

(Hubbard)   Easton,  Honor   1890  Jones,  Wallace   F 1899 

(Hubbard)  Heath,  Mary 1883  Jones,   Walter   Royal    1902 

(Hubbard)    Partridge,   Olive   B 1885  Jones,    Warren     1893 

Hughes,    Mary    Lillian    1903  Judd,    S.   Alice    1874 

Hull,   John    1860  Kaiser,    Wilhelmine    1898 

Hullinger,   Frank  W 1872  Kanaga,    Hershel    E 1896 

Humer,    J.    M 1883  (Karr)   Blount,  Alza  A 1872 

(Hummel)    Ruddy,   Ida   Rose 1899  Karr,    Grant 1891 

Hummel,  Adam  A 1900  Karr,    Lyon    1885 

Hummel,    Sarah    Matilda    1901  Kasbeer,   Joab  R 1887 

Humphrey,  Annabel   1898  (Kates)    Henry,    Charlotte    M 1896 

(Humphrey)    Reid,    Caroline    A 1883  Keith,   John   A.    H 1894 

Humphrey,    Delphine    S 1906  (Kelly)   Bragg,  Lida  A 1882 

Humphrey,    Rose    W 1890  (Kelly)  Bowles,  Marion  B 1886 

Hunt,  George  W 1897  (Kellogg)    Bryant,    H.   Amelia    1873 

Hunter,    Ben    1870  Kellogg,  John   R 1885 

Hunter,    Mrs.    Eda    1904  Kellogg,   Lyman   B 1864 

Hunter,    Joseph     1866  Kemph,    Mary    1903 

(Hunter)    Regan,    Margaret   E 1870  Kendall,    George   Brophy    1904 

(Hunter)   Chapman,  Nettie  S 1888  Kennedy,  Julia  E 1871 

Hunter,    Sarah    C 1872  (Kern)    Walker,    Harriet   E 1871 

Hunting,    Olive    1904  Kern,    John    Winfred    1902 

Huntington,   Daisy   Bell    1902  Kerns,  Carrie 1898 

(Hurd)  Adams,  Estelle  L 1889  Kessler,    Frances    F 1907 

Hursey,    E-    Margaret    1887  Ketterman,  John  S 1883 

Hursh,   Samuel  B 1895  Keys,    Mary    F 1907 

Hurwood,  Grace  S 1868  (Kienzle)    Wheeler,    Anna  M 1891 

Hutchinson,   Joseph    M 1895  Kilbride,   Thomas   M 1887 

(Iliff)   Rice,  Frances   M 1900  Killam,    Morris    E 1892 

Jackson,    Ethel     1907  (Kimball)    Windle,    Georgia  J 1893 

Jacob,   Mrs.   Ella   Leone    1900  Kimball,    Mary    L, 1886 

Jacob,   William  James    1900  (Kimberly)   Perry,  Maria  L 1870 

Jacobson,    Clara    S 1905  Kimbrough,  E.  R.   E 1873 

James,    IiicNeal    Cole    1903  Kimmell,    Ralph    R 1906 

Jeffers,    Granville    B 1895  Kindig,   Pearl   Elizabeth    1904 

Jencks,     Nettie     G 1907  Kindt,     Florence    F 1907 

Jenkins,     Camilla     1882  (King)     Turley,    Anna    Gertrude 1900 

Jenny,    Elise   B 1907  King,  Frank  E 1890 

(Johnson)  Mossman,  Beulah  Valentine  1904  Kingsbury,    Howard    Baker    1903 

(Johnson)    Morley,    Edith    1864  (Kingsley)    Manning,    Lucia    1868 

Johnson,    Eugenia     1902  Kinne,     Evelyn    Lovenia     1902 

Johnson,    Hilda   Ella    1906  Kinyon,   Claudius   B 1876 

Johnson,  John  Thomas    1902  Kleckner,    Isaac   F 1869 

Johnson,   Lucy   1883  Kleinau,     Emma    A 1906 

(Johnson)    Nicholas,    Olinda    1865  (Kline)    Huntoon,    Ida   M 1906 

Johnson,    Riley   0 1897  Klingler,    Wilson    1894 

Johnson,    Will   H 1899  Klotz,    Matilda    1903 

Johnston,    Burley    Clay     1904  Knapp,    Mason    E 1894 

Johnston,  Clara  Irene   1903  Knight,   Anna   P 1881 


368 


INDEX  TO  ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


Knight,   Lee  1 1901  Lurton,   Blanche    1897 

(Knight)   Adam,   Martha  G 1872  (Lurton)   Warrick,  Cora  A 1882 

Knott,  William  E 1896  Lyon,   Joseph    F 1876 

(Koester)    Clark,  Hulda   M 1888  Lyon,   Oliver   Lincoln    1900 

Kofoid,    Reuben    1902  Lyons,   Marien  Ida    1898 

Krieger,   Augusta   M 1906  McBane,  William  A 1868 

Kring,    William   H 1891  McCafferty,    Mary   J 1894 

(Kuhn)   Kipp,  Mary  E 1883  McCall,    Ada    Victoria    1903 

(Kuhns)  Gernon,  Ada  Anna 1896  (McCambridge)    Kurd,   Margaret   ....    1865 

Kummer,    \Villiam    Henry    1902  (McCann)    Worcester,   Bessie   A 1891 

Lafferty,  George   1903  McCarrell,    Hanan    1888 

(Laign)   Rigby,  Cora   1892  McCauley,   Rose  A 1906 

Lampe,  Margaret  H.  J 1886  (McCormick)   Trowbridge,  Alice  C...    1883 

Lane,   Mack   M 1892  McCormick,    Henry    1868 

Lange,   Ottilie    1898  McCormick,  Henry  G 1899 

(Lantz)    Maginnis,  Anna  Maude   ....    1904  (McCullough)    Sanders,    Margarita...    1875 

Larison,    Gertrude    1900  (McDonald)    Stewart,  Jessie 1900 

Larrick,    Louisa   C 1876  McDonnell,   Mary  W 1905 

Larson,  George    1901  McDonnell,    Sarah    V 1905 

(LaRue)   Dow,  Ora   1899  McDowell,  Samuel  Kline   1906 

Laughlin,  Ely  Vail 1904  McDuffee,    Ervin    L 1902 

(Laughlin)   Parsons,   Sara  Abbie    1900  (McElroy)    Rishel,  Elizabeth   K 1889 

Laubenheim,   Livonia    L 1905  (McElroy)    Westbrook,    Marguerite..    1893 

Law,  Charles  T 1896  McFarland,   Will  Johnson    1902 

Laybourn,  Charles  G 1878  (McGill)    Hennen,    Sarah   A 1891 

Lease,    Alice    C 1907  McGinnis,     Mary     E 1892 

LeBaron,    Mary   D     1870  McGorray,    Katherine    1892 

Lebegue,  Julius  Victor    1902  McGrath,   Thomas   L 1872 

LeCrone,  George  M 1873  MacGuffin,   Ralph  D 1899 

Lehman,  Paul  H 1896  (McGuire)    Telford,  Mae  Navadah...    1904 

Leigh,   Helen    E 1905  McHugh,  James  V 1882 

Lee,   Emma  L 1897  McHugh,  Josephine  M 1875 

Lendman,  Helene  Marie   1900  McHugh,    U.    Clay    1875 

Lentz,  Mary  ^98  Mclntyre,  Martin  L 1886 

Lesem,   Josephine    1898  McKean,   Leonard  A 1906 

LeStourgeon,   Estella  M 1902  McKim,  Oscar  F 1865 

Lewis,    Adelaide    B 1905  McKinney,    Bernice    Blackburn 1900 

Lewis,    Andrew    T 1871  (McKinney)    Corrington.   Mildred    ...    1905 

(Lewis)    Rosenberry,   Mrs.   Flora  A..    1883  McKinney,   John   R 1900 

Lewis,  William    M 1883  McLemore,    William   Dennis 1906 

(Liggitt)    Ehlers,   Myrtle   M 1897  McMurry,   Carl   Franklin    1903 

Lindley,    Frank     1895  McMurry,  Thomas  B 1885 

Lin dsey,  Lucy  Lenore 1902  McMurry,   William   P 1874 

Lippert,    Leona    A 1907  McMurtry,   Ira  B 1904 

Lischnewski,  Hattie  H 1890  McMurtry,  Mrs.  Ira  B 1904 

(Lisk)   Guthrie,  Emma    1888  McReynolds,  Charles  Vernon 1890 

Lisk,  Guy  Metcalf   1903  (McVay)    Custer,    Florence    1886 

Litchfield,  Ola  J 1907  (McVay)   Stafford,  Luella    1885 

(Littlefield)    Sims,   Sarah   M 1874  McWherter,  Mary  E 1899 

Livingston,    EHsha  W 1872  McW'herter,    Paul   K 1906 

Lockwood,  Walter   C 1873  (McWilliams)    Burford,   Mary  E 1874 

(Loring)  Walters,  Ida  May  1901  Magers,   Samuel  D 1886 

Love,  Justin   Jay    1895  Major,    Birdie    1901 

Levering,  Harriet  M 1899  Mamer,   Mary    1906 

(Lovett)   Nine,  Nellie  J 1899  Manley,    Edward    1 1888 

Lucey,   Katherine   Loretta    1900  Mann,    Celestia   M 1871 

Ludwig,   Debora   Marjorie    1905  (Mann)  Lang,  Frances  Baldwin 1901 

Lummis,    John    W 1870  Manning,  George  G 1869 

(Lunger)    Thorpe,   Kate    G 1884  Mansfield,  Esther  J 1907 


INDEX  TO  AIvUMNI  REGISTER. 


369 


Mariner,   Charles  D 1872 

Mark,    Elvira    Ellen    1901 

Marker,  George  Edward  1895 

Marks,   Sarah  A 1902 

Marquis,    Chester    D 1899 

Marriet,    Woodman   R 1880 

Marsh,  Philo  A 1864 

(Martin)   Ayers,  Anna  L 1877 

Martin,    Sarah    C 1878 

(Martin)   Skewis,  Mrs.  Martha  G 1883 

Martin,  William  W 1898 

Mason,  George  U 1869 

(Mason)   Parkinson,  Julia  F 1872 

(Mason)   Quine,  Letitia  A 1870 

Masters,    Laura  Alberta    1903 

Mateer,  Lucy  J 1903 

Matheney,    Elizabeth    Izora    1904 

Mau,  Dora  E 1904 

(Maxwell)    McPherson,  Mattie  B 1882 

Meier,  William  H.  D 1896 

Melville,   Andrew   H 1895 

Merker,  John   Philip   1893 

Merker,    Minerva    1907 

Merker,   Susie    1901 

(Merrill)    Tarbox,    Lydia    1888 

Messick,  Leander    1884 

Metcalf,  Harry  C 1890 

(Mettler)  Stowell,  Edna 1891 

Meyer,    Otto   S 1896 

Meyer,    Rose    A 1905 

(Michaels)    Chamberlain,    Edna    B...  1897 

Middekauff,  Helen    1881 

Middleton,    Anthony    1888 

(Miller)   Folk,  Maude   1900 

(Miller)   Dugan,  Parthenia  E 1900 

Milliken,    Ora    J 1906 

Milliken,   Orris  J 1884 

Mills,   Celia  S 1881 

(Mills)   Fairchild,  Edna  Gertrude. ...  1901 

Mills,  Hattie  A 1886 

Mills,   William    S 1875 

Miner,   G.   Frank    1881 

Miner,  William   1888 

Mitchell,  Anna  T 1897 

(Mitchell)    Christian,    Elizabeth 1860 

Mix,  Lida  B 1899 

Mize,    Edith   Belle    1897 

Mohr,  Esther  Cook    1903 

(Monroe)    McCracken,   Emma  A..    ..  1872 

Monroe,   Grace  A 1898 

(Montgomery)   McClure,  Harriet  M..  1884 

(Moon)    Sawyer,   Eva  Mary 1897 

Moore,  Benjamin  C 1894 

Moore,   Charles  W 1869 

Moore,    Christina    1907 

Moore,    Josephine   Marie    1900 

(Moore)   Byerly,  Julia  M 1872 

More,  Katherine  Anna   1902 

Moore,  Isabella   1864 


(Moore)   Sanders,  Helen  F 1880 

Moore,  Thomas  0 1886 

Morgan,   Moses  I 1861 

Morgan,   M.   Ella   1874 

Morgan,  Mary  Emma   1895 

Morgan,   Ora  S 1899 

Meyer,   Rose  A 1905 

(Miller)   Dugan,  Parthenia  E 1900 

Moore,    Christina    1907 

Moroney,  Francis  1 1871 

(Morris)   Rome,  Daisy  Alice   1901 

Morrison,    Murray   M 1882 

Morrison,  William  J 1888 

Morse,   Clara   Louise   1902 

Morse,  Fannie  Edna   1898 

Morse,  Harriet   Ellen    1879 

Morton,   James  Harrison    1901 

Mosher,  James  N 1875 

Mosher,   Truman   B 1876 

Mossman,   Edith  L 1904 

Moulton,   John   B 1892 

Moulton,   Marie  E 1896 

Mountjoy,   John  C 1885 

Mowry,  Christopher  D 1869 

Moynihan,    Lauretta    1903 

(Munch)   Butterfield,   Celia  Frances..  1901 

Murphy,  John  D 1893 

Mutterer,  Fred   G 1894 

Naffziger,    Simon   Edward    1902 

(Nance)   Shilton,  Adella  1870 

Needham,  Elijah 1888 

Neff,    Mary    1892 

(Nelson)  Conard,  Lillian  S 1894 

Newman,   Orris   H 1905 

Newton,  Abe  Mark    1904 

Neidermeyer,   Fred  David    1900 

Nicdao,   Miguel    1 907 

(Nixon)    Stevenson,  Anna  C 1896 

Nixon,  Isidore  A 1899 

Nollen,  Nell  Alma   1903 

Norman,   T.   A.   H 1871 

Norton,  Archie  C 1899 

Norton,  Arthur  0 1898 

Norton,  Henry  B 1861 

Noyes,   Amanda    1861 

(Nuckolls)    Schumacher,   Minnie    ....  1900 

Oakes,    Blanche  M 1899 

Oathout,    Charles    Hubert    1902 

Oathout,   Edna  M 1906 

Oathout,    Lulu    1907 

Odell,   Anna  Laura 1902 

Ohr,   Florence   1875 

Olsen,   Bertha   K 1905 

Olson,   Florence  A 1907 

Ong,  Ira  M 1906 

(O'Rourke)   Cunningham,  Margaret  C.  1905 

Orb,  Grace   1899 

Orendorff,    Lotta    1906 

Osborn,  Mary  V 1872 


370 


INDEX  TO  ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


Otto,  William  August   1901 

(Overman)    Diehl,  Isabel   1880 

Oxley,   Mary  D 1899 

O'Neil,  James  E 1896 

(Paddock)    Smith,    Hattie    1883 

Page,  John  T.  V 1896 

Page,  Joseph  L 1896 

Page,  Maria  Elizabeth 1904 

Paine,  Henry  A 1905 

Paisley,    Elsie    1902 

Paisley,  Samuel  W 1872 

Palmer,   George  M 1899 

Parker,  Bertrand  D 1891 

Parker,    Edmund   C 1888 

Parker,  Emma  H 1888 

(Parker)    Bixby,  Mary  E 1880 

Parker,  Sarah  C 1893 

Parmele,  Lillian  Pearl 1907 

Parr,  John  H 1870 

Parson,   Swen   F 1892 

Parsons,    Ada   L, 1883 

(Parsons)   Glotfelter,  May  M 1883 

Patch,  Fred  G 1897 

Patten,  Edith  S 1893 

Patterson,  Alice  J 1890 

(Patterson)    Holder,  Elsie    1897 

Patterson,  Jessie  M 1907 

Peairs,   Ralph  P 1896 

(Pearson)    Hiner,  Ida   May    1900 

Peasley,    Jessie    1892 

Peasley,  William  K 1898 

Peck,  Olive  Estelle   1901 

(Peers)    Lockwood,  Elizabeth  W 1874 

Peltier,   Evelyn    1894 

(Pennell)   Parr,  Flora   1872 

(Pennell)    Carter,   Jane    1869 

(Pennell)   Barber,  Mary  1867 

Pennoyer,    Mabel    1903 

Penstone,    Clara   Maude    1902 

Pepple,  Celia  A 1907 

Pepple,   Sadie  E 1907 

Perkins,  Charles  A 1890 

Perrin,   Harry  Ambrose    1903 

Perry,  Benjamin   1897 

Perry,    Cornelius   L 1883 

Perry,   Elizabeth    1907 

Perry,    Josephine    1904 

Perry,    Lorinda    1904 

(Perry)   Stokes,  Pearl  M 1896 

Perry,  Wilson  James  1900 

Peter,  L.  Erne 1873 

(Peterson)   Gastman,  Frances   1860 

Pfeil,   Mary   Esther    1903 

Pfingsten,    George    F 1899 

(Philbrick)    Gaston,  Ida  L 1878 

Philbrook,  Charles  F 1888 

Philbrook,   Cora   F 1889 

Philbrook,    Edwin     1860 

Phillips,  Alice  B 1872 


(Phillips)    Osborne,   Alice  F 1897 

(Phillips)    Brown,  Martha    1901 

(Phillips)    Phelps,   Mrs.   Eleanor   M..  1895 

Picken,  Mae  Evangeline  1902 

Pierce,   Mrs.  Genevieve  Anderson....  1907 

Pierce,  Mary  E 1866 

Pierce,   Thirza  M 1890 

Pierce,  William  S 1893 

Pike,  Curtis  F 1894 

Pike,  Effie  M 1897 

Pike,  Nelson  D 1896 

Pike,  Walter  F 1898 

(Pillsbury)   Gates,  Lillian  W 1882 

Pinkley,  Eugene   1883 

(Piper)    Blackburn,   Alice    1866 

(Piper)   Anderson,  Mary   1886 

Pitts,  Florence  Elizabeth   1901 

Pitts,    Henrietta   Betsey    1898 

(Plato)    Wilbur,    Helen    F 1866 

Plummer,  Edgar  D 1871 

Polhemus,  James  Oscar    1871 

Pollock,   Alice    1 904 

Pollock,   James  B 1891 

(Porter)   Marshall,  Eva  A 1898 

Porter,  Ida  M 1883 

(Porter)    Powers,    Nettie    1879 

Porter,    Richard    1866 

Porterfield,  Cora  M 1890 

Posey,  Chessley  Justin    1895 

Powell,    Elizabeth   Martha 1907 

Powell,    Mattie   L 1882 

Power,   Margaret  C 1890 

Powers,  Horace   E 1879 

(Praty.  Kean,   Eliza   1868 

Preston,    Frances    1878 

Price,  Harry  B 1896 

Pricer,    Charles   A 1896 

Pricer,   John    L 1899 

(Prickett)   Passmore,  Pearl    1901 

Prince,    Edward   P 1896 

Prindle,    Elinzer   M 1874 

Proctor,  Norma  Anna 1902  &  1904 

Puckett,  Wendell  F 1881 

Pumphrey,   Mary    Etta    1906 

Pusey,   Mrs.   Amanda   M 1876 

Pusey,    William    B 1899 

(Putnam)    Beggs,   Helen   C 1900 

Quick,   Edward  W 1896 

Quigg,  Etta  Grace   1900 

(Qu'gg)  McLaughlin,  Iva  M 1896 

Raber,    Louemma    1895 

Rambo,   Jessie   Eulalia    1902 

Ramsey,   William  C 1879 

Rape,  Arthur   Orville    1901 

Rausch,  Jacob  W 1894 

(Rawlings)    Cunningham,    Frances    L.  1871 

Ray,   R.  Louisa  1872 

(Raymond)    Clark,    Alice    L 1891 

(Raymond)   Fitzwilliams,  Sarah  E....  1866 


INDEX  TO  ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


371 


Readhimer,  Jerome  E 1899 

Reecher,    Samuel   E 1899 

Reeder,    George    W 1882 

Reeder,  Rudolph  R 1883 

Regan,  Levi  T 1870 

Regan,  Milton  R 1882 

(Regan)   Hunter,  Selina  M 1877 

Reid,   Anna    1885 

Reid,  David  W 1883 

(Reid)    Byers,   Ellen    1888 

Reid,  George  W 1891 

(Reid)  Barnes,  Lela  B 1896 

(Reid)    Leavenworth,    Mrs.   Florence.    1882 

Reinhart,  Otto  E 1907 

(Reinmiller)    Eldridge,   Louise   M....   1901 

(Reitzell)  Dillon,  Blanche  A 1902 

Renich,  Mary  Emma  1902 

(Reno)   Sunder  land,  Cora  L 1899 

Renshaw,   Elizabeth    1902 

(Renshaw)    Frazeur,  A.   Laurie 1890 

Rew,  Carlton  H 1874 

(Reynolds)    Wilcox,   Abbie    1863 

Rhinesmith,  Wilhelmine    1897 

Rhoton,    Lewis    1888 

Rice,  James  E 1 906 

Rice,   Nelle  Leona   1904 

Rich,   Carrie   G 1881 

Richardson,  Florence  A 1878 

Richardson,   Francis  M 1888 

Richardson,  James  R 1871 

Richardson,    Wade   H 1870 

Richey,  Frank  E 1872 

(Richards)   Louis,   Mary  A 1898 

(Rider)    Cotton,   Olive  A 1866 

Ridlon,  James  F 1862 

Riggs,   Mrs.   Lilla  D 1898 

Rightsell,  Jacob  A 1868 

Ringheisen,  Luther  Calvin   1907 

Rishel,   Austin    C 1884 

Rishel,   Edwin   H 1878 

Rishel,   Warren   H 1897 

Ristine,  Edwin   R 1883 

Ritcher,  Henry  A 1907 

Roberts,   DeWitt   Clinton 1873 

Roberts,   Lavina  E 1890 

Roberts,   Lois  M 1 906 

Robinson,  Belle  C 1890 

(Robinson)   Kleckner,   Emma 1868 

Robinson,   Emma  E.   L 1902 

Robinson,  Minnie  L 1902 

Rogers,  Orville  T 1884 

(Rohm)   Gibbs,  Gertrude  E 1905 

Root,  Augusta  E 1883 

Root,   Maude   M 1891 

Roots,   Logan   H 1862 

Ropp,    Irwin    1902 

Rosenberry,   Edwin  E 1882 

Rosenberry,    Ethel    1907 

(Ross)    Belsley,   Alma   E 1886 


(Ross)    Cook,   Elizabeth    1879 

Ross,   Sylva    1898 

Rouse,  Jessie  L 1906 

Rowson,   William   J 1887 

Roziene,  Addie  E 1898 

Ruffer,    William    1905 

(Rugg)    Reed,  Isabel  S 1871 

Ruhl,  Adah  M 1896 

Russell,  William   1868 

Rutherford,    Adelaide    V 1870 

Rutledge,    Cynthia    1887 

Ryburn,  Charles  A 1900 

Sabin,    Mary  E 1896 

Salmon,    Margaret    1907 

(Salzman)   Collins,  Katie   1885 

(Salzman)  Rhea,  Sara  L 1889 

(Sample)   Fleming,  Florence    1900 

Sanders,   Royal  W 1892 

Santee,  Albert  M 1905 

Sattley,    Olive    1886 

(Savage)    Rowley,  Helen  E 1885 

Sawyer,  John  Henry  1895 

Scanlan,    Lena   G 1906 

Schaefer,    Margaret    1907 

(Schaeffer)   Bondurant,  Elizabeth  T..  1856 

bchaeffer,  Lillian  E 1907 

Schilling,  Margaret  W 1902 

Schlatterer,   Laura    1897 

Scheid,  Jacob  P 1907 

Schneider,   Louise   D 1899 

Schneider,    Mary   L 1899 

Schneider,  Pauline  M.   R 1894 

Schulte,  Anna  Barbara 1895 

Scott,   Harriet    1883 

Scott,    Errettine    1905 

(Scott)   Hunting,  Julia   1879 

(Scott)   Campbell,  Louisa  M 1882 

Scott,  William  D 1893 

Scrogin,   Ernest  A 1898 

Seed,  Essie  May  1906 

Seeley,    Helen   Edna    1904 

Seeley,    Esther   B 1906 

Selby,   Richard  E 1902 

Serf,  Josephine 1901 

Service,    Caroline   Beverly    1903 

Seybold,   Fred   J 1867 

Shannon,    Edward    1881 

Shaub,    Phillip   H 1896 

(Shaver)  Thompson,  Frances  E 1871 

Shaw,  Lou  Trell 1903 

Shearer,  John  L 1875 

Sheppard,  James  J 1891 

(Sherman)    Boyer,   Emily  A 1879 

Shinkle,   Elmer  E 1881 

(Shinn)  Giddings,  May 1866 

Shores,   Arthur    1873 

(Sikes)    Nicholas,   Maria   L 1869 

Sikkema,  Amelia  Alice    1897 

Simeral,    Isabel    1902 


372 


INDEX  TO  ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


Simison,   Ruth   Imogene    1903 

Simmons,   Jessie  Josephine    1902 

(Simmons)   Dickerson,  Nora  M 1897 

Simpson,  William  J 1874 

Sinnett,   Thomas   Patrick    1 904 

(Sitherwood)   Bent,  Grace   1899 

Skaggs,   Margaret   Olivia    1903 

Skiles,   Vernon   William    1901 

Skinner,    Blanche   Alberta    1900 

(Skinner)   Burtis,   Daisy  A 1904 

Skinner,   Edna  Mae   1903 

Skinner,   William  T 1894 

Sleeper,   Susannah  Margaret    1902 

(Slocum)  Ashman,  Charlotte  May....  1894 

(Smart)   Simcox,  Alice  E 1890 

Smedley,   Fred  W 1883 

(Smiley)    Frazer,   Lettie  J 1882 

Smith,  Adna  F 1887 

Smith,   Alice   Orme    1907 

Smith,   Almeron   W 1887 

Smith,   Anna  A 1905 

Smith,  Charles  N 1882 

(Smith)    Hillyer,   Agnes  M 1895 

Smith,   Grace  Almeda    1905 

(Smith)    Brown,  Anna   M 1888 

(Smith)    Turner,    Carrie   E 1883 

(Smith)    Stebbins,    Carrie  V 1888 

Smith,   Edmund   B 1888 

Smith,   Espy   1, 1872 

Smith,   Eva  Dorcas    1903 

(Smith)    Cole,   Frances  A 1870 

Smith,   Flora   B 1887 

Smith,   Harry  A 1874 

Smith,  Helen  Pitner    1906 

Smith,    James    Henry    1907 

Smith,  John  W 1870 

Smith,   Lida  Jane   1894 

(Smith)    Latham,   Maggie  L   1890 

Smith,    Marian    Bernadine    1903 

(Smith)    Bogardus,    Mary   J 1868 

Smith,   Nano   Pearl    1898 

(Smith)    Crawford,   S.   Elouise   1883 

Smith,   Paul    McCorkle    1906 

Smith,    Sylvia    Edna    1907 

Smith,  William   J 1882 

Snapp,  Franklin  J 1906 

Snare,    Albert    1877 

(Snell)    Wolfe,   Clara   May 1898 

(Snider)   Irwin,  Cora  E 1890 

Snow,   Vera   May 1903 

Solomon,  George  W 1907 

Somers,   Bridgie    E 1907 

Sparks,  Carrie  Rose   1902 

(Spear)    Hadfield,   Katherine  G 1891 

Spencer,   Levi   J 1877 

(Spencer)    Chambers,   Lidy    1903 

Spencer,    William    N 1878 

Spottswood,    Mary    C 1883 

(Sprague)    Legg,    Esther    1862 


Sprecher,    Elizabeth   Esther    1900 

Springer,  Mary  A 1881 

(Spurgeon)   Dixon,  Emma  1891 

Stahl,    Elmer    R 1906 

(Stanard)   Frost,  Julia  E 1866 

(Stanard)  Johnson,  Lucinda   1865 

Stansbury,  Leslie  0 1907 

(Stapleton)  Leach,  Bernice  Ethel  ....    1902 

Stark,    Mabel    C 1906 

Steagall,  John  Roscoe   1904 

Steagall,    Mary    M 1896 

Steele,   Mae  Knight    1904 

Stephens,    Ethel   Gertrude    1907 

(Stephenson)    Haney,    Anna   M 1902 

Sterrett,    Mary   C 1899 

Stetzler,    Emma   G 1898 

(Stevenson)  Robinson,  Bessie  B 1897 

Stevenson,  James   S 1867 

Stevenson,   Sarah  Hackett    1863 

(Stewart)    Brown,   Emma   V 1874 

Stewart,   Frank    1899 

Stewart,  John  Pogue   1899 

Stewart,  Harriet  E 1864 

(Stewart)    Brown,    Lucy   E 1885 

(Stewart)    McMurtry,   LilHe    1904 

Stice,  Albert  Conlee    1903 

Stice,   Henry  S 1 906 

Stickney,  John  H 1872 

Stine,  John  Carl   1900 

Stocks,   Benjamin   F 1875 

Stotler,    Howard   Arthur    1904 

Stout,   Henry  Field    1900 

Stout,  Jennie  K 1907 

Stoutmeyer,  John  B 1873 

Strain,   Emma  G 1871 

Strauss,    Mabel    Katilda    1902 

Strong,  John  Arthur   1896 

Stuart,    Alpha    1872 

Stuckey,  Mrs.  Blanche  Sager 1906 

Stuckey,  Leo    1906 

Sullivan,    Elizabeth   D 1903 

Sullivan,   Mary  E 1898 

Sullivan,    Teresa    1907 

(Sumner)   McReynolds,  Jessie  E 1888 

Suppiger,  Adolph  A 1865 

(Sutherland)    Brown,  Anna  V 1873 

Sutherland,  William  J 1892 

(Swain)    Fitzgerrel,   Gertrude  Ophelia  1904 

Swan,  Lizzie  P 1881 

Swett,   Edward   R 1877 

(Sykes)   Nichols,  Mary  L 1869 

Symons,  Alice   1904 

Symons,  Clara  E 1906 

Tait,  Felix  B 1873 

Talbot,   George  1 1878 

Tallmadge,   Charles  H 1883 

Tarbox,  Cornelius  S 1885 

Tavenner,   James    W 1888 

Taylor,  Helen  M 1899 


INDEX  TO  ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


373 


Tear,  John  H 1881 

Telford,   Fred    1906 

(Telford)   McClurken,  Eva  G 1886 

(Thomas)  Bevan,  Armada  S 1870 

Thomas,   Evans  W 1882 

Thomas,  May  1 1873 

Thomason,  Martha  G 1905 

Thompson,    Francis    1897 

(Thompson)  Faulkner,  Laura  Mabel..  1895 

Thompson,  Florence  E 1907 

Thompson,  John  Henry   1863 

(Thompson)   Tucker,   Lillian 1891 

Thornhill,    Ernest   A 1896 

Tiffany,   Reuben    1895 

Tiley,  Charles  Penrose   1900 

(Town)   Beggs,   Gertrude  M 1872 

Traver,  Ruby  L 1896 

(Travis)   Urban,  Carrie  E 1898 

Travis,   Clyde   R 1895 

Tregellas,  Effie  A 1902 

Trimble,  Clara  E 1901 

(Trimble)  Bangs,  Emma 1862 

Trimble,  Mary  Lillian  1899 

Triplett,    Margaret     1907 

Trowbridge,  Myrtle    1904 

Trowbridge,  Oliver  R 1883 

Trumbull,    Frederick   M 1900 

Tucker,   Lilly  Mabel    1907 

(Tuthill)   Larison,  Helen    1904 

Twohey,    Katherine    1905 

Tyler,   Dewitt   C 1876 

Ulbrich,   Fred  T 1905 

Ullenswang,   Martin    Luther    1897 

Urban,    Harvey   B 1901 

Utz,  Monroe  W 1884 

(Uzzell)   Day,  Florence  Lillian 1901 

Vail,   Harriet  Belle    1902 

Vail,  Phebe  R 1892 

Valentine,    Cornelia    1868 

Valentine,   Elma    1868 

Valentine,    Maud    1890 

Varner,    Laura  A 1877 

(Varner)    Metzger,   Wilmas  E 1877 

Vaughan,  Benjamin  F 1892 

Vaughan,   Walter   M 1903 

Vautrin,    Minnie     1907 

Veatch,   Nathan  T 1881 

Viox,  Eunice   1906 

Voigt,  Irma   E 1902 

Waddington,  Agnes  M 1906 

Waddle,   Herbert  C 1893 

(Wadleigh)    Willis,  Helen    1869 

Waggoner,   Harry  D wight   1902 

Waits,    Harmon    B 1898 

Wakefield,   Bandusia    1865 

Wakefield,   Melancthon    1865 

Waldron,    Carl  A 1903 

Waldron,  Frances 1903 

Walker,   Cora  J 1884 


Walker,    Peleg    R 1861 

Wallace,  Edith  M 1900 

(Wallace)    Hitt,  Julia  A 1886 

(Wallace)  Toren,  Lucy  E 1891 

Wallace,  William   R 1872 

Wallace,  William   S 1893 

Walter,   Charles  B . . . « 1881 

Walworth,  Lena  Althea   1904 

(Ward)   Roach,  Edith  Z 1872 

(Warne)    Hall,   Emma  W 1873 

Warner,  Isaac  Newton    1900 

(Washburn)    Edmunds,  Emma   1897 

(Washburn)   Hull,  Mary  F 1860 

Waterman,  R.  Morris   1871 

Watkins,  Amos    1887 

Watkins,   Henrietta  A 1875 

Watkins,  Mary  A 1875 

Watrous,  Edward  Palmer 1903 

Watson,   Alice  Perle    1904 

Watson,  Mina  M 1888 

Watt,   Charles   F 1892 

Watt,  Clarence  H 1886 

Watt,   Mary  J 1887 

Watts,  Clara  E 1868 

Watts,   Walter  J 1886 

Waugh,  Rosa   1894 

Wayman,  John  N 1883 

Weber,  Laura  M 1906 

(Weber)   Malone,   Mary    1893 

Webster,  Eugene   C 1880 

(Webster)    Bowles,    Clara   A 1881 

Webster,  Nellie  Grace  1902 

Webster,  Roy  Franklin 1903 

(Weed)   Martin,   Marian  E 1870 

Weeks,  Grace  N 1880 

Weimer,  Anna  Magdalene   1903 

Weir,    Lora   A 1906 

Weldon,   George  A 1889 

(Weldon)   Kelly,  Margaret  R 1902 

Wells,  David  Hopkins 1900 

(Wells)    Bayliss,  Helen   P 1899 

Wells,  Jennie   Entriken    1901 

Wells,    Jessie    Bell 1901 

(Wells)   Stout,   Mary  J 1899 

Wells,  Winthrop  Selden   1897 

(Werley)   Hausing,  Emma   1885 

(Westbrook)    Downey,   Lucinda   1899 

Wetzel,   Clara    1901 

Wetzel,   Ira  Azel    1905 

(Weyand)  Latham,  Frances 1871 

Wheeler,   Nellie  M 1890 

Whetzel,   William  J 1896 

(Whigam)  Taylor,  Jean  G 1899 

(Whitcomb)    Leaf,   Clara   A 1884 

White,  Albert  E 1899 

White,   Mrs.    Kate    1893 

White,  William  W 1894 

Whitham,  Minnie  „ 1892 

Whitney,   Mary  Lou    1890 


374 


INDEX  TO  HIGH  SCHOOL  ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


Whittaker,  K.   Girard    1890 

Whitaker,   Minnie    S 1893 

Whitten,   Charles  William    1900 

Whitten,  John  H 1899 

Wickersham,    Ellis    Bert    1902 

Wiekert,  John  Valentine    1907 

Wilcox,  Alda  Lenore    1903 

(Wilcox)  Henry,   Mary  L 1893 

Wilkinson,  Jasper  N 1874 

Wilkinson,  John  J 1885 

Will,  Thomas  E 1885 

Willard,  Henry  D 1893 

Williams,  Frank  L 1882 

(Williams)   Barney,  Julia  1898 

Wilmer,  Anna  E 1898 

Wilson,   Bertha  Gerish    1902 

Wilson,  Charles  C 1891 

Wilson,    Frank   L 1 900 

Wilson,  George  S 1898 

Wilson,  Helen  Angeline   1904 

Wilson,  Isaac  E 1906 

Wilson,  James  M 1872 

Wilson,  John  T 1899 

Wilson,  John  X 1871 

Wilson,    Minnie   E 1889 

Wilson,   Mrs.   Laura   Smitson 1905 

Wilson,   Washington    1888 

Wing,   Emily   1877 

Wise,  Anna   1899 

Wise,  Bert  0 1907 

Wiseman,  Eva  C 1899 


Witte,  Josepha  H.  E 1887 

Wolfe,    Albert    B 1898 

Woltmann,   Helena   Olga    1903 

Wood,   James   C 1884 

(Wood)    Holmes,  Jennie  L 1879 

Wood,  Leroy  B. 1876 

(Woodruff)   Evans,  Margaret  L 1874 

Woods,    Ida    1890 

(Worley)  Wilson,  Lucy   1903 

Worley,  Robert  Edwin    1896 

Wortman,    Thomas    B 1895 

Wright,   Emilie    1898 

Wright    (Farnsworth),   Jennie   R 1893 

Wright,  George  William 1901 

Wright,   John   B 1905 

Wright,   J.    Lawson    1873 

Wyatt,   Edgar    1880 

Wyckoff,   Helen  L 1878 

Yoder,  Isaac  H 1885 

Yoder,   John    P 1871 

Youle,  Jessie  L, 1899 

(Young)    Wallace,  Adelaide    1900 

Young,  Albert  N 1890 

Young,  Anna  Lou   1900 

Young,  Frank  L 1889 

Young,  Grace  H 1899 

Young,  Noah  A 1903 

Youngman,  Lucy  0 1907 

(Zigler)   Coats,  Emily  C 1890 

Zoll,  Oliver  Roland   1899 


INDEX  TO  HIGH  SCHOOL  ALUMNI 
REGISTER. 


Adams,  M.  Joice 1885 

Abraham,  M.  Louisa   1873 

Aldrich,    Edward    1884 

(Aldrich)  Moore,  Grace  D 1893 

Allen,  James  D 1895 

(Allspaugh)  Wykoff,  Effie 1894 

Arbogast,  William  H 1893 

Bachman,   Frank  P 1894 

Bacon,  Almira  A 1870 

Baird,  Walter  H 1892 

Baker,  Burl   P 1894 

Baker,    Fred   R 1895 

Ballard,  Pearle  L 1895 

Barton,   Charles  M 1895 

Barry,  M.   Sophie   1888 

Bassett,  Arthur   1892 

(Baxter)  Brakefield,  Mrs.  Helen  M..  1880 

Beecher,  B.  Bayliss   1882 

(Beecher)    Ensley,   Mary    1893 


Benson,  Nellie  J 1893 

Bishop,  George  W 1892 

Bishop,   Mellie    E 1891 

Blackburn,    Edgar    1892 

Blandin,  Fremont  C 1877 

Bohrer,  Jacob  A 1887 

Briggs,    Claude    1895 

Brown,  Elmer  E 1881 

Brown,   I.   Eddy   1874 

Browne,   Lee  O'Neil    1886 

Buck,  Lemuel  F 1889 

Bullock,  Jessie  Jane    1895 

Burns,  George  P 1891 

Burnside,  G.  Gordon   1894 

Burry,  William    1870 

Butterfield,  Mrs.   R.  0 1894 

Capen,   Charles  L 1865 

Capen,  Charlotte  B 1894 

Carroll,    Clarence    C 1888 


INDEX  TO  HIGH  SCHOOL  ALUMNI  REGISTER. 


375 


(Case)    Young,   Gertrude    1865 

Cavan,   May  M 1895 

Chandler,  Grace  E 1892 

Chase,  Alice   C 1871 

Cheney,  Fannie  B 1888 

(Cheney)    Wight,   Grace   1891 

Clark,  Sarah  H 1893 

Cleveland,  John  B 1892 

Coen,   Ruah    1895 

Colburn,  Gary  R 1891 

(Cook)   Sample,  Florence  Adele 1874 

(Cook)   Gale,  Agnes  S 1891 

Cook,   John   L 1895 

Coolidge,  Clifford  H 1889 

(Coolidge)   Hamsher,  Lucy    1887 

(Coolidge)  Hoblit,  Sarah  L 1877 

Cowles,  Catherine  L 1895 

Crawford,   William   A 1883 

Crist,    Howard    C 1883 

(Crist)    Kasbeer,    Martha 1887 

Crothers,  Rachel 1891 

Cunningham,   Alexander   H 1887 

(Denman)   Hanna,   Mrs.   Luella  M —  1889 

Dillon,  Jessie  M 1886 

Dillon,  Roy  H 1895 

Dullam,  G.  Francis 1889 

(Durham)  Vennard,  Iva  M 1890 

(Edwards)   Dougherty,   Anna   1868 

Edwards,    Nicholas   T 1875 

Edwards,   R.   Arthur    1868 

Effinger,  J.   Robert,  Jr 1887 

Elder,  Robert  H 1885 

Eldred,   Stella  R 1894 

Eliff,  John  T 1895 

(Emerson)   Newcomer,  Neffa  N 1894 

Erbes,    Philip   H 1891 

Evans,  Florence  B 1894 

Evans,  Kate  P 1893 

Eyestone,   Lura  M 1892 

Fales,  Dexter  W 1888 

(Fell)  Fyffe,  Clara  A 1865 

Fell,  Fannie  C 1879 

(Fell)   Treakle,   Rachel  M 1878 

(Follett)  McNamar,  Hattie 1879 

Forrester,   James  H 1893 

Foster,  George  K 1895 

(Foster)   Barber,  Junia  M 1893 

Franklin,   George   A 1877 

Frazeur,  Jesse  L, 1890 

Frazeur,  Mrs.  Jesse   1893 

Fry,    Emma    1895 

Fyffe,  Harriet  B 1895 

(Galusha)   Smith,  Ellen  H 1870 

(Carver)  Baum,  Daisy 1895 

(Gibson)  Hillegas,  Enid   1892 

(Gilbourne)    Leopold,  Anna    1892 

Gillan,   Silas   Y 1879 

Gilmore,  Lucien  H 1889 

Glidden,  Annie  L 1890 

(Glidden)  Bradt,  Bertha  M 1887 


Glidden,    Willis    C 1878 

(Goodwin)  Reid,  Nellie  F 1894 

Gove,  Frank  W 1875 

Gray,  Saidee  J 1886 

Green,  Walter  H 1887 

Grier,    Asenath    E 1892 

Hanna,    J.    Calvin    1876 

Hammers,   Isaac  B 1883 

Hammers,   Jesse    1886 

Harcourt,    Frank   B 1879 

Harley,  Theodore  L 1889 

Harrison,    Charles   B 1887 

(Hart)   Rees,   Lou  R 1895 

Hatch,   Dorus   R 1878 

Haynie,  Wm.  Duff 1870 

Hewett,   Emrick   B 1875 

(Hewett)    Reeder,   Mrs.   May 1880 

Hewett,  Theodore  T 1877 

Hicks,  Herbert  S 1892 

Higby,  W.   Herbert   1883 

Holder,    Samuel    1892 

Howard,  Hosea   1865 

Huling,  Metta   1892 

(James)  Herrick,  Clara  B 1890 

James,    Edmund   J 1873 

Jenkins,   Fred  E 1886 

Kasbeer,  Joab   R 1887 

(Keady)   Graham,  Eleanor   1895 

Kimball,  Mary  L 1886 

King,   Frank  E 1890  &  1892 

Kingsley,  Anna  Jeannette    1877 

Kirk,  William  T 1895 

(Kofoid)    Dillon,   Nellie  1 1893 

Laybourn,  Charles  G 1878 

(Leaton)    Rodman,    L.    May 1893 

Le  Sourd,  Alfred  C 1894 

(Lewis)   Rosenberry,  Flora  A 1883 

Loehr,  Harry  M 1885 

Loer,  Arabella  D 1876 

Lufkin,   Frank   N 1880 

Manley,    Joseph    1889 

Marshall,    Sallie    R 1895 

Miller,   Charles  C 1894 

Mills,  Charles  W 1891 

(Mills)   Dickey,  Sabina  F 1877 

Moore,  Ruth  E 1894 

Moulton,   William   B 1891 

McCambridge,    William    1865 

McCann,  Bert  H 1894 

McCart,  Harry  C 1894 

McCart,    Robert    1865 

McCarrell,    Hanan    1888 

McCormick,  Edmund  B 1889 

McCormick,   Ferdinand  C 1895 

McCormick,  Nelson  K 1879 

(McCormick)    Trowbridge,  Mrs.  Alice  1880 

McCurdy,  Laura   1888 

(McGowan)  Garst,  Dollie  A 1883 

McMurry,  Charles  A 1876 

McMurry,  Frank  M 1879 


376 


INDEX  TO  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION  REGISTER. 


McMurry,   Fred   R 1895 

McMurry,  Oscar  L 1879 

McNulta,    Herbert    1880 

Manley,    Edward    1887 

Marker,  John  P 1893 

Messick,   Leander    1884 

(Mettler)    Stowell,   Edna    1891 

Morrison,   Murray  M 1884 

Mutterer,  Frederick  G 1894 

Ohr,    Frances   D 1880 

Parker,   Bertrand  D 1891 

Parker,    Cuthbert   F 1893 

Parker,    Fred  W 1895 

Parker,    Ralph  Waldo    1895 

Parr,    Edward   F 1883 

Patten,   Alice    1893 

Peairs,  George  M 1887 

Peairs,  Harry  J 1887 

Peers,   Theodore  W 1878 

Pollock,  James   B 1891 

Pollock,    Thomas    L 1893 

Porter,  Ida   M 1883 

Porter,    Walter    G 1888 

Porter,    Weldon    E 1892 

Porterfield,   Cora  M 1890 

(Porterfield)   Merrill,  H.  L.  Mabel   ..  1894 

Preston,    Frances    1878 

Prince,   Edward   P 1895 

Prince,  Leonard  M 1887 

Rayburn,    Chalmers    1872 

Reed,  Newton   B 1872 

Rhodes,  Ora  M 1894 

Riley,  George  W 1892 

(Roberts)    Bent,  Josie  L 1888 

Ropp,    Silas    1890 

(Rowell)   Olney,   Cora  M 1886 

Rowell,   Elmer  1 1893 

Rutledge,    Bertha    1893 

Ryburn,   Win.   F 1887 

(Saltsman)   Rhea,  Mrs.   Sara  L 1889 


(Sater)   Harry,  Eunice    1894 

Sattley,   Olive    1886 

Scott,  John  A 1887 

Scott,   Walter  D 1892 

Sealey,  Grace  A 1893 

Sheppard,    James    J 1891 

(Shinn)    Giddings,    May    1886 

(Skinner)    Parker,    May    1890 

Smith,  George  K 1880 

Smith,  Harvey  S 1894 

Smith,   William   Hawley    1870 

Spence,   Brainard  L 1889 

Spickerman,   Harry   R 1894 

(Sudduth)  Hopper,  Anna  1 1878 

Sudduth,    Laura    1877 

(Sudduth)    McCormick,  Mary 1879 

Taylor,  J.   Wm 1894 

Tear,  John  H 1881 

Templeton,  J.   Dickey    1873 

Thompson,    Daniel   W 1894 

(Thompson)  Manchester,  Flora 1895 

Thompson,  Theodore   1894 

Thornhill,   Ernest  Algier    1894 

Thorp,   Frank  H 1883 

Tipton,  Thomas  W 1895 

Town,  Harrie  H 1886 

(Tryner)  Evans,  Alice  F 1887 

Tryner,   Ethel   L 1893 

(Vickroy)Rosesteel,  Louise  M 1891 

(Walker)    Smith,  Lillie  M 1883 

Wallace,   Juliet    A 1886 

Washburn,  Gratiot    1869 

Waugh,  Rosa   1894 

Weber,   Harry    1889 

Wescott,   Frank   H 1893 

Wheaton,  Ann  S 1875 

Williams,    Thomas    1879 

Wilson,   Charles   C 1891 

Wilson,  James  F 1890 

(Wright)    Stillhamer,  Kittie  D 1890 


INDEX  TO  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 
REGISTER. 


No. 

Atwood,  A.  L 69 

Baily,   Jacob    L 80 

Barge,   B.   F 57 

Bass,    Perkins    17 

Bateman,    Newton     18 

Bayliss,   Alfred    96 

Benedict,  John  D 70 

Bent,  Charles  D 98 

Blair,   Frank   G 106 

Boltwood,  H.  L 53 


No. 

Brady,    Matthew    P 77 

Brooks,   J.    P 26 

Brown,  J.    Stanley   100 

Bunsen,    George    7 

Canby,    Richard    51 

Capen,   Charles  L 81 

Carter,    Joseph    47 

Caton,    J.    D 52 

Clarke,  George  C 43 

Comstock,   Henry   S 64 


INDEX  TO  FACULTY  REGISTER. 


377 


No. 


No. 


Cook,    Forrest  F 82  Mitchell,  Thomas  F.    56 

Cope,    Rufus    62  Moore,   Jesse    H 38 

Coy,   Winfield    S 42  Moseley,    Flavel    12 

Denio,   C.   B n  Moulton,    S.  W 13 

Dodge,    B.    L 63  Mozier,    Ira    C 79 

Donohue,     Michael     54  Noetling,   Charles  F 45 

Doocey,   Edward    83  Norton,  James    H 93 

Dupuy,  Elias     C 39  Parker,   Charles  1 86 

Eden,   John    R 3  Pickett,  Thomas  J 23 

Edwards,    Ninian    W i  Plain,    E.    M 89 

Edwards,   Rev.    Richard    65  Post,  Seth  Joel   19 

Enander,  J.  A 60  Powell,  William  H 15 

Etter,    S.   M 48  Raab,   Henry    66 

Evans,    Robert    F 75  Reynolds,   Harmon   25 

Feitshans,   Mary   F 73  Rex,    George    8 

Fell,   Jesse   W 40  Robbins,    Joseph    78 

Fell,   Kersey   H 31  Robertson,   Joseph   L 102 

Fitzgerald,   William    92  Roots,  Benaiah   G 35 

Foster,  John   H 32  Rosette,    Clinton    87 

Freeman,   Joseph   H 95  "     Rossiter,    E.    C 72 

Gastman,  Enoch  A 44  Sandham,   W.    R 68 

Gillespie,  John  J 14  Schweppe,   J.   W 28 

Goudy,    Dr.    Calvin    20  Shanahan,   M.   W 94 

Green,  W.  H 21  Shannon,   A.   R 4 

Hainline,  W.  H 99  Sheahan,   J.    W 24 

Harrington,   George    71  Slade,    James    P 58 

Hatch,   Walter  M 27  Slade,     Thomas     59 

Hill,  Harrison  H 50  Sloan,    Wesley    6 

Holder,   C.   W 22  Smith,  W.   Y 104 

Horn,    Frank    101  Stitt,    Frank    B 107 

Houghton,   Frank  L 97  Stolp,   Allan  W 88 

Hovey,  C.  E 9  Taggart,    Charles   P 34 

Howland,    George     61  Thornton,   Charles   S 91 

Inglis,   Samuel  M 90  Turner,    Thomas     36 

Karr,    Lyon    84  Walker,  Peleg  R 67 

Kerns,  F.  A 105  Wells,   Edward   L 46 

Kimbrough,   E.   R.   E 85  Wells,  William  H 2 

Knickerbocker,    J.    C 49  Wilkins,    Daniel    10 

Leal,   Thomas   R 37  Willard,   B.   0 103 

Lesem,   Isaac    55  Wing,    Dr.    Henry    29 

Marquis,    F.    D 76  Worthington,    N.    E 41 

Mayo,  Walter  L, 33  Wright,    Simeon    5 

McClun,   J.    E 16  Young,  Ella  Flagg  74 

Medill,     Joseph     30 


INDEX  TO  FACULTY  REGISTER. 


Alexander,  J.  K 21 

Ammerman,  Charles 150 

Averett,    Mary  Judson    153 

Baker,   B.   W 64 

Baker,  Mary  E 33 

Barber,    Frederick  D 136 

Barker,  Ruth  E 48 

Barton,  Herbert  J 87 

Barton,  Olive  Lillian   175 


Bass,    Perkins    26 

Bawden,   William  T 162 

Black,  W.  W 142 

Blanchard,    Irene    141 

Bland,  Rose    155 

Bogardus,  Frank  S 139 

Bohrer,  Jacob  A 113 

Bowman,   Annette    S 89 

Bowman,  Charles  T 133 


378 


INDEX  TO  FACULTY  REGISTER. 


Brooks,  Mary  M 4 

Brown,  Joseph   G 123 

Bryant,   Julius    E 20 

Ihirlingham,  E.  P 52 

Burnham,  John  Howard   15 

Burrill,    Thomas   J 45 

Burrington,  Lester  L 70 

Cady,   Chauncey  M 9 

Carter,  Mrs.  Jane  Pennell  73 

Carter,  Joseph  57 

Case,    Gertrude    K 68 

Case,  Harriet  M 69 

Chase,    Loring   A 59 

Cavins,  Elmer  W 114 

Childs,   Charles  F 37 

Clarke,    Genevieve    147 

Clover,  Rev.  Lewis  P 13 

Colby,   J.   Rose    115 

Colton,   Buel   P 99 

Cook,  John  W 50 

Cornelius,  J.  D.  H 86 

Coulter,   John  Gaylord   180 

Cowles,  Betsey  M 5 

Coy,  E.  W 65 

Cummings,   Mabel   L 163 

Cunningham,  Jessie    156 

DeGarmo,    Charles    77 

Dewey,  Helen  A 91 

Dexheimer,  Lora  M 159 

Dillon,  Jessie   M 146 

Dixon,  Joseph  H 1 74 

Dodson,    Cora   May    125 

Dryer,    Emaline    43 

Edwards,  B.  C 135 

Edwards,   Ellen  S 73 

Edwards,  Richard  34 

Ela,  Clarissa  E too 

Eyestone,    Lura   M 157 

Fell,  Fannie  C 92 

Felmley,    David    104 

Forbes,   Stephen  A 67 

Foster,   Martha    55 

Fraser,    Maud    182 

Galbreath,    Louis  H 129 

Goodrich,    Marian    32 

Gove,   E.  Aaron    17 

Gove,  Mrs.  Ida  140 

Gowdy,  Chestine  152 

Hall,  John  W 107 

Hall,   Mary  M 102 

Hammond,  Marion    39 

Hampton,   Eleanor    149 

Hanna,  Adella  M.  0 94 

Hartmann,    Mary    85 

Haynie,  Martha  D.  L 54 

Hays,   Dudley   G 106 

Hewett,    Edwin   Crawford    8 

Hollis,   Ida   M 97 

Holmes,   Manfred  J 134 


No. 

Horton,    Mary    E 63 

Hovey,  Charles  E i 

Howe,    George   H.    — 1 54 

Howell,   Joseph    Gideon    14 

Hughes,  Martha  E 66 

Hull,    John     27 

Hunt,   Martha    179 

Hutchinson,    Lyman    72 

James,    Edmund   J 80 

Johnson,   Edith    49 

Johnson,   Will    H 145 

Jones,   Richard  D 98 

Joseph,    Anna    176 

Keith,  John  A.   H 126 

Kellogg,  Lyman  B 40 

Kendall,  George  B 181 

Kennedy,   Julia    E 81 

Ketcham,   Livonian   E 3 1 

King,    Anna    Gertrude    144 

Kingsley,    Lucia    60 

Knight,   Martha  G 96 

Knudsen,    Grace    i  r  - 

Lesem,   Re bekah    1 68 

Lewis,   Charlton  T 3 

Libbey,    Olive    23 

Lucas,  Amelia  F 120 

Lyon,   Florence   Leona    173 

Lyons,   Marien  C 158 

Manchester,   O.    L 109 

Manley,    Edward    1 103 

Mason,    Letitia    56 

Mavity,  Elizabeth   128 

Mavity,    Kate    122 

McCormick,    Alice    90 

McCormick,    Henry     61 

McHugh,  James  V 82 

McKim,    Oscar    F 46 

McMurry,    Charles   A 117 

McMurry,   Frank   M 105 

McMurry,    Lida    B 112 

Melville,    Andrew    H 131 

Messer,  B.   S 19 

Metcalf,  Thomas  35 

Miller,    Rosalie    71 

Mills,     William     S 75 

Milner,  Ange  V 108 

Moore,  Ira   2 

Morris,   Ruth   101 

Norton,    Arthur    0 1 1 1 

Norton,  Henry  B 30 

Nye,  Chauncey  E 6 

Osband,    Margaret    29 

Osband,    Myra   A 62 

Ohr,    Frances    93 

Paddock,    Armada    76 

Parson,   Swen   F 119 

Patterson,  Alice  J 1 77 

Peck,    Lora    169 

Pennell,  Flora   79 


INDEX  TO  SUMMER  SCHOOL  FACULTY  REGISTER. 


379 


No. 

Pennell,   Jane    74 

Pennell,    Mary    58 

Peterson,    Frances    24 

Philbrook,  Edwin    16 

Pillsbury,    W.    L 38 

Potter,  Leander  H 12 

Potter,    Mary    R 1 18 

Powell,  John  W 51 

Purcell,   Helen   E 178 

Raines,   Lucia  W no 

Read,   J.    Irving    130 

Reeder,   Rudolph   R 88 

Rider,    Olive    A S3 

Robinson,    Caroleen    160 

Roe,  Edward  R 10 

Sewell,   Joseph  Addison    18 

Seymour,  Minor  L 78 

Scott,   Julia    84 

Skinner,   Mary   E 83 

Smith,  Mrs.  Cora  M 171 

Snell,   Clara   M 148 

Stanley,   Anne   A 132 

Stetson,    Albert     36 

Stevens,    Florence    G 166 


Stewart,  John   P 164 

Strong,  Fanny  L.   D 42 

Strong,  John  A 127 

Swan,  Lizzie  P 95 

Thayer,  G 1 1 

Trimble,    Clara    161 

Tompkins,   Arnold    137 

Thompson,   John    H 41 

Wakefield,   Bandusia    44 

Wakefield,   Melancthon    47 

Warner,    Isaac   N 165 

Washburn,    Mary   Francis    25 

Watson,  Alice  Perle   167 

Westhoff,  Frank  W 151 

Whitten,    Charles   W 143 

Wilber,   Charles   D 28 

Wilkins,    Eva    116 

Wilkinson,  John  J 1 38 

Willard,  Dr.  Samuel   7 

Woodward,   H.    S 170 

Valentine,    Maud    124 

Van  Liew,    Charles   C 121 

Vescelius,  V.  Irving    22 


INDEX  TO  SUMMER  SCHOOL  FACULTY 
REGISTER. 


Andrews,  W.  E 25  Lentz,    Mary    22 

Bannister,  Eunice  S 30  Magers,   Samuel  D 17 

Barker,  G.  A 39  Moore,  Benj.   C 14 

Bassett,  Herbert   2  Moore,  Margaret  K 33 

Bawden,  H.  H 23  Oliver,     Margaret     21 

Boggess,  Arthur  C 29  Olson,    John    C 10 

Bone,    Hugh   A 1 1  Paul,  Harry  G 20 

Blome,  R.  H.  H 16  Rape,   Arthur   0 41 

DeButts,   Clarence   E 13  Scovel,  Mary  Camp  40 

Dickerson,   Oliver   M 3  Skiles,   William   V 36 

(Dunton)    Colburn,  Daisy    i  Spencer,  Jessie  D 31 

Eckers,  Caroline  E. 18  Smith,  Bruce   7 

Eldred,   Stella  R 32  Smith,   C.  Henry    38 

Elliott,    Charles  H 35  Strong,   John   A 6 

Freeman,  Virginia  W 15  Sutherland,  William  J 26 

Furr,  William  A 5  Webster,   Roy   F 34 

Griffith,    Herbert   E 24  Wetzel,   Ira  A 27 

Hamshire,    Frank    19  Wham,   George  D 28 

Harvey,    Nathan    A 4  White,   Fred  U 37 

Hatfield,    Walter    R 12  Wright,    Emilie    B 8 

Jackson,   Lottie  A 9 


GENERAL  INDEX 


PAGB.  PAGE. 

Abolition    of   High    School 48-49        Cache,   battle    of    23-24 

Act   establishing   the    State    Normal   Uni-  Cady,    C.    M.,    agent    in    New    York    for 

versity   7  the  swamp  lands   14-15 

Act — Natural    History — effect    of    act    of  Campus,   changes   in    52 

1872  on  science  work  in  I.S.N.U.  .67-68  donated  by   10 

Agricultural      Chemistry      in      the     early  planting    of    36 

days    232-233        Carbon  dale,   contests   with    124 

Agriculture,   work  in    51-52  Gavins,  Elmer  Warren,  chapter  by..  165-168 

Army  list   29-31        Celebration  of  the  school 177 

Associations,   the    Christian,    history   of.  .  Churches  in   Normal    167 

157-161        Church  services  in  early   days    167 

Athletic   Organization,   sketch   of 164        Ciceronian    Society,    history   of I53-J54 

Attendance,  under  Presidents  Hovey  and  Class  of   1860,  graduated   in   main   build- 
Edwards    40            ing    1 7-33 

Hewett    47  Clubs,   I.S.N.U.— 

Cook    50  Chicago    214-217 

Felmley    52  New  York    217-218 

Bakewell   Claim,    history   of 45-46        Colby,  J.  Rose,  coming  of   49 

Baldwin,  E.  F.,  story  by 201  chapter  by    169-176 

Barton,    Olive    Lillian,    sketch   of   Y.    W.  College   regiments    22-23 

C.   A.   by 159-161  Contests,  record  of  all  inter-society.  145-153 

Bawden,  W.  T.,  coming  of 51  Convention    of    1853,    call    for   made   and 

Beach,    Prize,    the    161  signed    5 

Blair,    Francis   G.,   reference  to 213  proceedings  of    5-6 

Blanchard,    Irene,    sketch    of    Girls'    De-  resolutions   of    6 

bating    Society    by    157        Cook,  John  W.,  became  president 47 

Bloomington,    interest    of    citizens    of    in  chapter    by    87-114 

the    school    18  connection   of  with  I.S.N.U 87 

Board  of  Education,  differences  in n  influence  on  the  Model  School  —  83-84 

illustrious    members    of 53  reminiscent   letter  by    199-201 

members  of  original 32  sketch  of  by  John  A.  H.  Keith.  119-120 

names   of   first   members 7-8        Colton,   Buel  P 63ff 

only  surviving  member  of  original. .  .32  books  of,   characterized    71-72 

resolutions  offered   in,   in   the   8o's..6o  coming    of    71 

Boarding  in   Normal,   rates   for 167  love    of,   for   things    73 

Bogardus,    Frank    S.,    appreciative    letter  sketch  of  by  Manfred  J.   Holmes... 

by    206-207  114-117 

Bridgewater,   graduates   of,   in    Normal.. 36        Coulter,  John  G.,  chapter  by 63-76 

Bridgewater  idea,  characterized 61-62        Course  of   Study,  adopted  in   1860 55 

Brooks,    Mary    M.,    connection    of,    with  adopted  in    1900    62 

Model   School   78-79  analysis  of 55,  57 

Brooks,  Mary  M.,  sketch  of  by  John  W.  changes  in   51-52 

Cook     93-94  changes    in    57-58 

Brown,   Elmer  E.,   reference  to 212  changes  in   under   Pres.   Cook. ..  .60-61 

Building    for   Training    School 47  changes    in     during    the    last    seven 

Building,  the  main,  construction   of 33  years    62 

dedication    of     34  development   of    54-62 

the  final  payment   for    34-35  direction  of  changes  in    58 

occupation   of    33-34  early 33 

rooms    in     34  electives  in   62 

Burnham,  J.  H.,  chapter  by 18-31  for   graduates   of  High   Schools    ....48 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


381 


PAGB. 
Course  of  Study — 

in   first  years   of  school 55 

move  to  modify    50 

new  ones  under  Pres.   Cook 61 

tabular  view  of 56 

Cunningham,  Elizabeth  Mavity,  sketch  of 

Sapphonian   Society  by    I55-I57 

DeGarmo,   Charles,  chapter   by 208-213 

Dormitory,   advocated   by   Pres.    Edwards 

and  faculty 38 

why  not  built    166 

Drawing,   how  arranged   for   under   Pres. 

Cook 61 

in  early  days   234-235 

Eclipse  of  the  Moon,  account  of  the,   in 

1874    236-237 

Early   Times,   illustrations   of 232-236 

Eden,   John    R.,    only   surviving   member 

of  first  Bd.  of  Ed 32 

Education,      Normal     disturbed     by     the 

"new"    59-60 

Edwards,    R.,    administration    of,    charac- 
terized    36 

Edwards,  Richard,  coming  of 35 

sketch  of  by  John  W.   Cook 105-108 

Edwards  Debating  Club,  history  of 153 

Edwards  prizes    162 

1860 — political  excitement   during 19 

Enemies  of  the   Normal   School 38-39 

Faculty,   additions  to,  in    1860 34 

Faculty,  after  the  beginning  of  the  war. 

35-36 

Faculty,  changes  in  under  Pres.  Hewett. 

41-42 

under   Pres.    Cook    49 

history   of    87-120 

members  of  original  and  early 33 

of    High     School,    under    Pres.     Ed- 
wards     39 

of  High  School  under  Pres.  Hewett,  41 

salaries  in   1878    42-43 

under   Pres.   Edwards    39 

Faculty  Club,  organization  and  work  of.. 42 

organized    60 

Fell,  Jesse  W.,  clause  in  deeds  made  by 

regarding    liquors    10 

his  part  in   securing  the   location    of 

the  Normal  University   8-9 

Felmley,    David,    became   president 51 

chapter  by   32-53 

chapter    by    54-62 

Fence,    present    one    47 

Fitzwilliam,  Mrs.  Sarah  E.  Raymond,  ar- 
ticle   by    223-225 

Flags,   presented  to  the  33d   Regt 26 

Forbes,    S.    A.,    work    of,    in    connection 

with    public   schools    68-70 

(see  Chapter  V,  pp.  63-76)  and 

37,  58-59 


PAGE. 
Fordyce,   Charles,   reminiscent  letter   by. 

202-203 

Fortieth    Anniversary,   account   of..  182-191 

comment   of   Pantograph   on 191 

toasts  at   banquet  of 191 

Founding  of  the  School 5-17 

Garden-school     51 

Gazetteer    36 

Gillan,     S.     Y.,     characterization    of,    by 

Charles    DeGarmo    212 

reminiscent  letter  by  202 

Girls'   Debating  Club,   history  of 157 

Gowdy,  Chestine,  coming  of 51 

Grammar  Department,  principals  of 

81,  82,  83,  84,  86 

Grammar   School,   under  Pres.    Edwards. 

39-40 

Greenhouse,    completion    of 52 

Gunpowder  plot 194 

Gymnasium,   asked   for  in   1868 38 

courses   provided    in    61 

erection  of    48 

work  of  students  in   48 

Hartmann,  Mary,  coming  of 41 

Harvey,    Nathan    A.,    reminiscent    letter 

by    203-205 

Haynie,    Mrs.    Martha    D.    I,.,   sketch    of 

by  John  W.   Cook  113-114 

Heath,  W.  R.,  sketch  by  214-215 

Heroic  in  student  life   223-244 

Herrick,    C.  A.,   work  of 212 

Hewett,  Edwin  C.,  became  president. ..  .41 

published    books    60 

sketch  of  by  John  W.  Cook 95~99 

High   School,  abolition  of 48-49,  84 

early  work  in    57 

new  order  of   85-86 

principals    of    81,    82 

sketches     of     various     principals    by 

John   W.    Cook    112 

Holmes,  Manfred  J.,  chapter  by. ..  .124-134 

chapter  by   177-191 

coming    of    49 

sketch  of  Buel  P.  Colton  by...  114-1 17 
Hovey,  account  of   difficulties   with   erec-.. 

tion  of  the  building   13-17 

appealed    to   legislature    16-17 

bought  some  swamp   lands 15 

retort  of  to  toast    243-244 

sketch  of  by  John  W.  Cook 87-92 

speech  of  at  banquet  in   1882.  .179-181 

tribute   to    17 

worked   for    establishment   of   a  nor- 
mal  school    ii 

Howe,   George   H.,  chapter  by 121-123 

coming  of   51 

Howell,  J.   G.,  death  of   20 

left  Model  School  for  the  war 20 

Improvements   under    Pres.    Cook.  .    .  .47-48 


382 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGE. 

111.  State  Normal  University,  bids  for  lo- 
cation of    8-10 

dedication  of   12 

educational     writings     by    graduates 

of   212 

general  development  of 32-53 

graduates    of    who    have    gone    into 

normal  school  work   211 

graduates  of,  in  higher  education.  .211 
graduates  of  in  high  school  work.. 21 2 

influences  of  on  education 208-213 

influence    of    on    elementary    educa- 
tion     210 

occupation  of  building    17 

opening  of  in  Major's  Hall 12 

relation  of  to  early  normal  schools.. 54 

science  courses  in 209 

spirit    of    208-209 

troubles   with   erection   of   the   build- 
ing     12-13 

what  excellence  of  consisted  in,  209-210 

wish  for  future  of   213 

Inter-Normal    Oratorical    League    of    Illi- 
nois, history  of    133-134 

Inter-State  Debate,  origin  and  contests.. 

I3I-I33 

Inter-State    League    of    Normal    Schools, 
origin  and  successive  contests. ..  .124-131 

James,  E.  J,  reference  to 211 

Journalism  and  the  I.S.N.U 169-176 

Keith,   John  A.   H.,   chapter  by 77-86 

sketch  of  Arnold  Tomkins  by..  117-118 
sketch  of  John  W.  Cook  by. ...  119-120 
Kellogg,  Lyman  B.,  reminiscent  letter  of 

196-199 

Kindergarten,    establishment    of 51 

Lane,  Mack  M.,  sketch  by 215-217 

Lecture    Board,    history    of 102-163 

Legislature  of    1861,  appropriated  money 

to  pay  for  finishing  building 17 

Legislature,  visit  of  to  Normal 20 

Liberal    Fight,    account    of   and   of   club 

also    229-232 

Library,    history    of    43-45 

Lindley  Bill,  effect  of  on  High   School.. 

85-86 

Lines,  by  a  soldier  on  re-enlisting 27 

McCormick,    Henry,    chapter    by 5-17 

sketch  of  by  John  W.  Cook 108-111 

McMurry,    C.    A.,    connection    with    Lib- 
erals      231-232 

coming    of    49 

McMurry,    Frank,  coming  of    49 

McMurry,    Mrs.   L.   B.,  coming  of 49 

Major's  Hall,   opening   day  in 33 

Manchester,    O.    L.,   chapter   by 135-164 

coming   of    49 

Manual  Training,  courses  in,  established,  51 
Merchants      of     Bloomington,      advanced 
credit  for  new  building   16 


PAGB. 

Metcalf,  Thomas    coming  of   35 

made    training    teacher 59 

sketch  of  by  John  W.  Cook. ..  .102-105 

Model     Sfchool,     a    school    for     Normal 

School  district  80 

assistant   training   teachers    in 82 

changes   in    40,   59 

changes    involved    in,    by    action    of 

1874 81-82 

changes    in    organization 83-84 

designed  to  be  model  at  first 78 

development  of    77-86 

first  assistants   in    78-79 

Herbartian    influence    in    83 

influence    of    85 

influence  of,  Pres.  Cook  on 83-84 

influence  of  Dr.   Tompkins  on 85 

in  main  building   20-21 

modern  transition  in 83-85 

moved  to  Normal   80 

new   form  of  High   School  in. — 85-86 

present   tendencies   in    85-86 

purpose  of  High  School  in 80 

organization   of  departments   in 80 

origin  and  early  history  of 77-79 

separate    building    for    84-85 

separated    from   the   public   schools.  .80 

supervision    of  work   in    81 

under    the    Bridgewater    idea ....  79-83 
union  with  the  public  schools  in  1901 

85 

why  tuition  was  charged  79-80 

work  of  faculty  in   84 

Moore,   Ira,  reference  to    243 

sketch  of  by  John  W.  Cook 93 

Morrison,  W.  J.,  data  furnished  by. 217-218 

Museum,  origin  and  growth  of 37 

Music,  for  everybody   233-234 

Natural    History     Society,    early    collec- 
tions by 67 

history   of    64-67 

Normal,  houses  in,  in  1862 166 

opening  day  in    33 

Normalite,  def.  of  by  E.  J.  James 217 

Normal    Schools,    character    of    early.... 54 

Norton,  G.  H 22 

Norton,   Henry   B.,  letter  written  by,   in 

1882    192-196 

Oratorical   Association,    history   of..  161-162 

Parker,  Col.   Francis,  reference  to 60 

Philadelphian  Society,  by  whom  named.  136 

origin  of    135 

record   of   contests    I4S-IS3 

Pillsbury,  W.  L-,  sketch  of  by  John  W. 

Cook    112 

Plank  Walk,  the  Old,  account  of... 223-225 

building  of   1 65 

Potter,    L.    H.,    Capt.    of    Co.    A,    33rd 
Regt 21 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


383 


PAGE.  Wrightonia—                                             PAGE. 

Potter,   Leander   H.,   sketch   of   by   John  how  the  first  carpets  were  secured.  141 

W.  Cook   94  libraries    of    143 

Powell,  J.  W 63(1  present  form  of  contest  debate. . . .  144 

president,  first,   election   of n  present    quarters    142-143 

Primary  Department,  Principals  of record     of    all    contests     held    and 

8r,  82,  83,   86  summaries   I4S-I53 

Quarter     Centennial     Celebration,'     exer-  trouble  in,  over  "stolen"  record 

cises  and  toasts   177-182  237-239 

Record,  the   "Stolen,"   account  of.. 237-239  typical  expenses  of   142 

Relation  to  other  Normal  Schools.  .124-134  when  teachers  joined  the 138 

Reminiscences,    chapter    of 192-207       Society  Halls,  when  dedicated   138 

Revenue,    under    Pres.    Edwards 40        Society  Meetings,  in  Bloomington 137 

under   Pres.   Hewett    47        Society   papers,    when   organized 140 

under  Pres.  Cook   49        Spaulding    Glue    Incident 239-243 

under  Pres.  Felmley   52        Spelling,   elected  by  Fordyce    203 

Ridgley,  D.  C.,  coming  of 51  limit  on  time  devoted  to   60 

Rifles,  Normal,  became  Co.  A,  33d  Regt.  Nolan's  troubles  with 204-205 

....21-22  reference    to    50 

flags  for 26  State    Board    of    Education,    deciding    on 

formed    20-21  plans  for  the  building   11-12 

in  the  war    22-23  State   Teachers'    Association,    origin   of.. 

last  parade  of   21  6-7 

Rosenkranz,    introduced    59  resolutions  of,  in   1854 7 

proposition   to  drop    60        Stetson,  Albert,  coming  of   35-36 

Salaries,   as   affected   by   war   prices.  .37-38  sketch   of,  by  John  W.   Cook.  .101-102 

in   1878  and   1882    42-43        "Stolen"   Record    237-239 

Sapphonian    Society,    history    of IS4-IS7        Student   Life  in   the   Town 165-168 

School   and   the  War 18-31        Student  Organizations,  history  of  all 

School  and  Home  Education 172  135-164 

School    garden    51  Students,  rates  for  board  and  rooms  af- 

Science,  in  course  of  study 58-59  ter    the    war    38 

put  in  work  of  the  first  year 51        Students,   how  admitted  in   1857 33 

special  students  in    58  how  they  have  lived  in  Normal.  165-168 

status  of  in  the  early  days 65  in   voting   troubles    168 

in  act  of  1872 58  life  of  in  early  days   34 

Science    Department,    characterization    of  lists  of  by  counties  commenced 39 

leading    men   in    64  qualifications  of  in  early  days 33 

chief  men  in  the  history  of 63  'who  became   city  superintendents.  .211 

chronological    summary    of    develop-  wjt  Of  early   244 

ment  of   73-76  Subsidy,  for  students,  pnoposed  by  Pres. 

development    of    63-76  Edwards   38 

four   dates  in   development   of 64  0                ,,  ,      ,                           ,       . ,      ,     . 

,     --  Summer   School,    attendance  for   the   last 
relation     of     Natural     History     So- 

seven   years    123 

ciety  to 64-67 

School  of  Natural  History  in  1875. .  Summer    Schools    history   of 121-123 

of   Natural   History    70-71 

Seciion  A",  '  burial  'of  ' .' .' ." .' .' .' '.'.'.'. '. '.  .'225-226  origin  o£  present  I23 

Sewell  J.  A.  ...  63ff  Swamp  lands,  promised  by  county 9 

sketch  of 'by' johnW.'cook.'.'.' .'99-101  Tillinghast,  influence  of  36 

Seymour,  M.  L 63ff  The  Chicago  Schoolmaster  170 

Sheppard,  James  J.,  work  of 212  The  Educational  Weekly 171 

Shyrographic  curve,  origin  of 235-236  The  Illinois  School  Journal 171 

Shyrographic  curve  34  The  Illinois  Teacher,  beginnings  of 6 

Societies,  admission  to  143  reference  to  169-170 

Wrightonia,  assets,  in  1881 141  editors  of  169-170 

early    programs    of    139        The  Illinois  Schoolmaster   170-171 

change  of  character  of  exercises  The  Index,  history  of  175-176 

given  in  143-144  1  ne  Man  in  the  Moon,  publication  of.. 

conditions  of  membership  in 138  226-227 


384 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


PAGB. 

The  News  Cleaner  171 

The  Normal  Index  170 

The  Public  School  Journal  172 

The  Schoolmaster  170 

7  he  School  News  172-173 

The-  Vidette,  history  of 1 73-175 

The  Western  Teacher  173 

Tompkins,  Arnold,  influence  of,  on 

school  50-51 

sketch  of,  by  John  A.  H.  Keith 

117-118 

Vacation  School  of  Natural  History.  .70-71 

Van  L,iew,  coming  of 49 

Vasey,  George  63ff 

Vcscelius,  W.  I.,  teacher  of  writing 

235-236 


PACH. 

Walker,   P.  R.,  in  war    27 

War  and  the  School 18-31 

War  prices,  effect  on  attendance 38 

War,  effect  on  prices 37 

the  effect  on  the  Normal 35 

WesthofF,  F.  W.,  coming  of 51 

Working  the  Roads,  account  of ...  .227-220 
Wright,     Simeon,     patron     saint    of    the 

Wrightonian    Society    136-137 

Wrightonian  Society,  by  whom  named..  136 

origin  of 135-136 

record  of  contests   i45-'53 

Y.  M.  C.  A.,  history  of 157-159 

Y.    W.    C.    A.,    history   of,   by   Olive   L. 
Barton    159-161 


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